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3. T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E.: Tupac Shakur as a Symbol of Black Rebellion for the "Pac Babies" of Black Lives Matter!1.

Author

Clay, Charity

Subjects
*SOCIAL media, *VIOLENCE, *CONFLICT (Psychology), *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, *MYTHOLOGY, *RACE, *POLICE psychology, *PSYCHOLOGY of Black people, *QUALITY of life, *LIBERTY, *PRACTICAL politics, *CIVIL rights
Abstract

The late Bay Area Hip Hop legend Shock G stated that Tupac Shakur "rhymed from this pit of his stomach," asserting that Tupac's greatness was in the potency and relevance of his message more than the technical skill of his lyricism. Tattooed across the stomach that Tupac rhymed from was the acronym "T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E." Tupac proclaimed that it stood for "The Hate You Gave Little Infants, Fucks Everyone," a statement that reflected his worldview and echoed sentiments of those like Frantz Fanon, James Baldwin and Huey P. Newton who viewed youth as the centerpiece of the struggle for Black Liberation. Though Tupac was murdered in 1996, his lyrics and interviews resurfaced in the aftermath of the police killing of Oscar Grant in 2009 and introduced a generation born after his death to his thug persona and T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E. ideology as relavent, and accessible symbols of Black Rebellion. This article explores how Pac Babies, Black youth born after Tupac's death, have adopted his Persona and Ideology to inform their entry into the Post Racial, social media era of the Black Freedom Struggle. I offer that, by providing T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E. as an alternative to the politics of respectability of the Civil Rights Movement and being resurrected as mythical super hero battling police violence, Tupac influenced both the street protests and social media engagement during the protest phase of "Black Lives Matter!". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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4. T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E.: Tupac Shakur as a Symbol of Black Rebellion for the "Pac Babies" of Black Lives Matter!1.

Author

Clay, Charity

Subjects
SOCIAL media, VIOLENCE, CONFLICT (Psychology), PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, MYTHOLOGY, RACE, POLICE psychology, PSYCHOLOGY of Black people, QUALITY of life, LIBERTY, PRACTICAL politics, CIVIL rights
Abstract

The late Bay Area Hip Hop legend Shock G stated that Tupac Shakur "rhymed from this pit of his stomach," asserting that Tupac's greatness was in the potency and relevance of his message more than the technical skill of his lyricism. Tattooed across the stomach that Tupac rhymed from was the acronym "T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E." Tupac proclaimed that it stood for "The Hate You Gave Little Infants, Fucks Everyone," a statement that reflected his worldview and echoed sentiments of those like Frantz Fanon, James Baldwin and Huey P. Newton who viewed youth as the centerpiece of the struggle for Black Liberation. Though Tupac was murdered in 1996, his lyrics and interviews resurfaced in the aftermath of the police killing of Oscar Grant in 2009 and introduced a generation born after his death to his thug persona and T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E. ideology as relavent, and accessible symbols of Black Rebellion. This article explores how Pac Babies, Black youth born after Tupac's death, have adopted his Persona and Ideology to inform their entry into the Post Racial, social media era of the Black Freedom Struggle. I offer that, by providing T.H.U.G.L.I.F.E. as an alternative to the politics of respectability of the Civil Rights Movement and being resurrected as mythical super hero battling police violence, Tupac influenced both the street protests and social media engagement during the protest phase of "Black Lives Matter!". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Parental Involvement: A catalyst in sports participation having a positive affect on academic performance.

Author

Clay, Charity

Subjects
PARENT participation in health education, ACADEMIC achievement, PARENT-child relationships, SPORTS participation, AFRICAN American children
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop and test the functionality of a theoretical model that can be used to evaluate the range of impacts of parental involvement on the academic aspirations and attainment of African American male student-athletes. Previous studies of the general link between athletic participation and academic success have yielded inconclusive results for African-American males (Ewing, Gano-Overway, Branta & Seefeldt, 2002). One likely cause of these inconclusive results is the neglect of important factors specific to race and gender. This research is molded on the research that recognizes parental involvement as a key indicator of academic success for African American children (Sampson, 2002; Jeynes, 2003). For this research parents, teacher, and coaches will be interviewed to better understand their perceptions of parental involvement in academics and athletics, and how this involvement is related to academic success. An analysis of interview data combined with existing research literature will be used to develop a mo del and test its ability to identify and organize different methods of parental involvement, in both the child's academic and athletic endeavors. By organizing the methods into archetypes, future research will use this model to predict how parental involvement will affect the child's academic aspirations and attainment. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

8. 80s Babies: Collective Memory, Narrative Development, and Cultural Transformation in the Golden Era of Hip Hop.

Author

Clay, Charity

Subjects
COLLECTIVE memory, SOCIAL change, HIP-hop culture, SIGNS & symbols, SOCIAL psychology
Abstract

In this paper, I draw on theoretical concepts from the collective memory literature to investigate generational themes and cultural transmission for respondents in my study whom I call "80s Babies"--members of Hip Hop culture, born between 1978 and 1987. I focus on the generational transmission of cultural knowledge about a time that my interview respondents share with a sense of nostalgia as the bygone days or the "Golden Era" of Hip Hop. In my analysis I identify two sub-groups within the "80s Babies" cohort; the "Snobs" and the "Heads." I argue that although members of these two groups share a collective memory for the "Golden Era", their orientation to that time period is very much reflective of their immediate contextual experiences with Hip Hop and thus results in two distinct narratives of the "Golden Era". These narratives undergird the "80s Babies" designations of which of Hip Hop's current cultural products are and are not representative of Hip Hop according to their understanding. I conclude that, these divergent narratives of the "Golden Era" of Hip Hop suggest that the "80s Babies" cohort of Hip Hop enthusiasts has experienced the culture in a very different way than previous generations, providing insight into the cultural dynamics of Hip Hop symbols and meanings, as well as how these symbols and meanings are transferred across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

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