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We apply adversarial domain adaptation in unsupervised setting to reduce sample bias in a supervised high energy physics events classifier training. We make use of a neural network containing event and domain classifier with a gradient reversal layer to simultaneously enable signal versus background events classification on the one hand, while on the other hand minimizing the difference in response of the network to background samples originating from different Monte Carlo models via adversarial domain classification loss. We show the successful bias removal on the example of simulated events at the Large Hadron Collider with $t\bar{t}H$ signal versus $t\bar{t}b\bar{b}$ background classification and discuss implications and limitations of the method.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term survival rate in children who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the last 13 years. Methods: The records of 198 consecutive patients under 18 years of age who underwent 249 OLTs between 1986 and 1998 were reviewed. Actuarial patient survival rates were assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years in the whole series, in the last 5 years, and in patients surviving more than 1 year. Age, weight, and indications were analyzed, as well as type and incidence of posttransplant complications. The median follow-up period was 41 months (0 to 154 months). Results: Biliary atresia was the most common indication (41.9%) followed by α-1 antitrypsin deficiency (8.1%), Alagille syndrome (7.6%), and fulminant hepatic failure (6.6%). One hundred forty-six patients (58.6%) were below 5 years, and 46 patients were (18.5%) younger than 1 year at operation. Sixty-eight patients (27.3%) weighed less than 10 kg. One hundred seventy whole organs and 70 reduced, 5 living-related donor, and 4 split-liver allografts were used. Hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 18), primary nonfunction (n = 15), and chronic rejection (n = 14) were the most common causes for allograft failure. Fourteen patients (7%) had posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) at a median time of 28 months (4 to 124 months) postoperation (3 died). The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial patient survival rates are 80%, 76%, 74%, and 74%, respectively; over the last 5 years it is 88% at 1 year and 82% at 3 and 5 years. For patients surviving more than 1 year, 3-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial survival rates are 95%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. Conclusions: (1) Overall results of OLT improve with increasing experience. (2) Children who survive more than 1 year after OLT have an excellent prognosis, although long-term complications of immunosuppression can be expected. J Pediatr Surg 35:5-8. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.

La estimación del área foliar de la plantas a partir de las dimensiones de las hojas, sin recurrir a métodos destructivos, permite evaluar los factores que afectan el crecimiento de los cultivos de una manera precisa y en intervalos cortos de tiempo. Con el fin de establecer un modelo para calcular el área foliar de la arveja (Pisum sativum L.) en ambientes de trópico alto propios de la Sabana de Bogotá, se sembraron dos lotes de arveja v. 'Santa Isabel' cada uno con 2 ha de extensión en dos semestres diferentes. En cada lote se marcaron 32 puntos para la toma de muestras, de cada punto se escogieron 20 hojas y de cada hoja se tomaron todos los foliolos para medir el largo y el ancho mediante análisis de imágenes. En uno de los lotes se hicieron evaluaciones a los 42 y 62 días después de la siembra, en el otro lote se hizo una única evaluación 72 días después de la siembra. Se estableció que el área de los foliolos y las estípulas de arveja se puede calcular eficientemente mediante modelos alométricos convencionales (largo y ancho) durante las etapas vegetativa y reproductiva del cultivo. El área de estos órganos también se puede estimar con base únicamente en la longitud de la lámina (bajo la forma 0,366L2), modelo con un solo factor que redujo a la mitad el tiempo de evaluación y fue aplicable por igual a los dos ciclos de crecimiento y las dos edades de cultivo. Arveja-Pisum sativum

Polycrystalline γ – In2Se3 thin films with adequate properties to use them as buffer layer in solar cells, were grown on corning glass substrates using a novel procedure which includes the formation of the α- In2Se3 phase in a first step followed by thermal annealing in Se ambient to activate the formation of the γ- In2Se3 phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the substrate temperature strongly affects the phase in which the indium selenide films grow; at substrate temperatures of around 300°C the indium selenide grow in the α-In2Se3 phase, whereas the samples deposited at temperatures between 300 and 550°C grow with a mixture of the α-In2Se3 and γ-In2Se3 phases. The α-In2Se3 samples change into the γ-In2Se3 phase when subjected to heat treatment around 550°C in Se ambient. Spectrophotometric measurements also revealed that the phase in which the indium selenide films grow, significantly affects the optical gap Eg. Eg values of 1.47 eV and 2.11 eV were determined for the α-In2Se3 and γ-In2Se3 films respectively, indicating that this γ-In2Se3 compound has better properties to perform as buffer layer in thin film solar cells. The effect of substrate temperature on the structural, optical and morphological properties was investigated using XRD, spectral transmittance and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements. Theoretical simulation of the XRD pattern carried out with the help of the PowderCell package, allowed us to identify the phases associated to the X-Ray reflections, with a good degree of confidence.

To assess the results of portoenteroanastomosis (PEA) and liver transplantation (OLT) in extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA).Out of a series of 148 EHBA, 92 cases primarily treated by us were selected. Survival with the native liver (end point = death or OLT) and its relationship with the age at PEA, type of EHBA, ductal size and bile flow restablishment were assessed. Patient survival was compared in those patients who had access to OLT when needed (Group I, n = 69) and those in whom only PEA was available (Group II, n = 23). (OLT program started in january 1986).At the end of follow-up, 32 children are alive with their native livers, 22 died and 38 had OLT. 40/85 patients who underwent PEA had complete restablishment of bile flow (47%). The no failure rate (survival of the native liver) at 1, 5, 10 and 20 years, was 91%, 49%, 38% and 21%, respectively. Bile flow restablishment was the only predictor significantly associated with good prognosis (survival of native liver at 5, 10 and 20 years of 89%, 86% and 51%, respectively). Differences in survival were significant (p0.001) between patients in groups I and II at 1 year (92% vs 74%), 5 years (78% vs 35%), 10 years (76% vs 30%) and 20 years (76% vs 30%).Bile flow restablishment after PEA can be obtained in experienced centers in about 50% of cases of EHBA. The combined and sequential use of PEA and OLT allows excellent long-term survival in EHBA.