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1. AGILE Gamma-Ray Detection of the Exceptional GRB 221009A

Author: Marco Tavani, Giovanni Piano, Andrea Bulgarelli, Luca Foffano, Alessandro Ursi, Francesco Verrecchia, Carlotta Pittori, Claudio Casentini, Andrea Giuliani, Francesco Longo, Gabriele Panebianco, Ambra Di Piano, Leonardo Baroncelli, Valentina Fioretti, Nicolò Parmiggiani, Andrea Argan, Alessio Trois, Stefano Vercellone, Martina Cardillo, Lucio Angelo Antonelli, Guido Barbiellini, Patrizia Caraveo, Paolo W. Cattaneo, Andrew W. Chen, Enrico Costa, Ettore Del Monte, Guido Di Cocco, Immacolata Donnarumma, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Fulvio Gianotti, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Lazzarotto, Paolo Lipari, Fabrizio Lucarelli, Martino Marisaldi, Sandro Mereghetti, Aldo Morselli, Luigi Pacciani, Alberto Pellizzoni, Francesco Perotti, Piergiorgio Picozza, Maura Pilia, Massimo Rapisarda, Andrea Rappoldi, Alda Rubini, Paolo Soffitta, Massimo Trifoglio, Valerio Vittorini, and Fabio D’Amico
Subjects: Gamma-ray bursts, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray observatories, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Gamma-ray emission in the MeV–GeV range from explosive cosmic events is of invaluable relevance to understanding physical processes related to the formation of neutron stars and black holes. Here we report on the detection by the AGILE satellite in the MeV–GeV energy range of the remarkable long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A. The AGILE onboard detectors have good exposure to GRB 221009A during its initial crucial phases. Hard X-ray/MeV emission in the prompt phase lasted hundreds of seconds, with the brightest radiation being emitted between 200 and 300 s after the initial trigger. Very intense GeV gamma-ray emission is detected by AGILE in the prompt and early afterglow phase up to 10,000 s. Time-resolved spectral analysis shows time-variable MeV-peaked emission simultaneous with intense power-law GeV radiation that persists in the afterglow phase. The coexistence during the prompt phase of very intense MeV emission together with highly nonthermal and hardening GeV radiation is a remarkable feature of GRB 221009A. During the prompt phase, the event shows spectrally different MeV and GeV emissions that are most likely generated by physical mechanisms occurring in different locations. AGILE observations provide crucial flux and spectral gamma-ray information regarding the early phases of GRB 221009A during which emission in the TeV range was reported.
Published: 2023
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2. Experimental Characterization of the ORION ASIC: The Read-Out Circuit for X-γ-Ray Detection of the THESEUS Mission Spectrometer.

Author: Marco Grassi, Alessandro Gemelli, Piero Malcovati, Filippo Mele, Irisa Dedolli, Massimo Gandola, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Ezequiel Marchesini, Enrico Virgilli, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Claudio Labanti, and Lorenzo Amati
Published: 2022
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3. Space applications of GAGG:Ce scintillators: a study of afterglow emission by proton irradiation

Author: Giuseppe Dilillo, Nicola Zampa, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Giovanni Pauletta, Irina Rashevskaya, Filippo Ambrosino, Marco Baruzzo, Diego Cauz, Daniela Cirrincione, Marco Citossi, Giovanni Della Casa, Benedetto Di Ruzza, Yuri Evangelista, Gábor Galgóczi, Claudio Labanti, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Tommasino, Enrico Verroi, Fabrizio Fiore, Andrea Vacchi, and ITA
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation
Abstract: We discuss the results of a proton irradiation campaign of a GAGG:Ce (Cerium-doped Gadolinium Aluminium Gallium Garnet) scintillation crystal, carried out in the framework of the HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites -- Technological and Scientific Pathfinder) mission. A scintillator sample was irradiated with 70 MeV protons, at levels equivalent to those expected in equatorial and sun-synchronous low-Earth orbits over orbital periods spanning 6 months to 10 years. The data we acquired are used to introduce an original model of GAGG:Ce afterglow emission. Results from this model are applied to the HERMES-TP/SP scenario, aiming at an upper-bound estimate of the detector performance degradation resulting from afterglow emission.
Published: 2022

4. Design, integration, and test of the scientific payloads on-board the HERMES constellation and the SpIRIT mission

Author: Yuri Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ceraudo, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Giuseppe Dilillo, Mauro Fiorini, Marco Grassi, Alejandro Guzman, Paul Hedderman, Ezequiel J. Marchesini, Gianluca Morgante, Filippo Mele, Paolo Nogara, Alessio Nuti, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego Caballero, Irina Rashevskaya, Francesco Russo, Giuseppe Sottile, Claudio Labanti, Giulia Baroni, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Tianxiang Chen, Irisa Dedolli, Marco Feroci, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Na Gao, Francesco Ficorella, Piero Malcovati, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Andrea Santangelo, Christoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi
Subjects: Space 4.0, Payload, ASIC, CubeSat, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, HERMES, GAGG, Gamma-ray Bursts, High Energy Astrophysics, SpIRIT, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) is a space-borne mission based on a constellation of nano-satellites flying in a low-Earth orbit (LEO). The six 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized instruments hosting a hybrid Silicon Drift Detector/GAGG:Ce scintillator photodetector system sensitive to X-rays and gamma-rays. HERMES will probe the temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), ensuring a fast transient localization (with arcmin-level accuracy) in a field of view of several steradians exploiting the triangulation technique. With a foreseen launch date in late 2023, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone capability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. Moreover, the HERMES constellation will operate in conjunction with the Space Industry Responsive Intelligent Thermal (SpIRIT) 6U CubeSat, to be launched in early 2023. SpIRIT is an Australian-Italian mission for high-energy astrophysics that will carry in a Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) an actively cooled HERMES detector system payload. On behalf of the HERMES collaboration, in this paper we will illustrate the HERMES and SpIRIT payload design, integration and tests, highlighting the technical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a 1U Cubesat volume., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.03032
Published: 2022

5. ASTENA: an innovative mission concept for broadband high-energy astrophysics

Author: Enrico Virgilli, Filippo Frontera, Lisa Ferro, Miguel Moita, Leo Cavazzini, Piero Rosati, Cristiano Guidorzi, Mauro Orlandini, Claudio Labanti, Ezio Caroli, Natalia Auricchio, John B. Stephen, Stefano del Sordo, and Lorenzo Amati
Published: 2022

6. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) for THESEUS and other mission opportunities

Author: Lorenzo Amati, Claudio Labanti, Sandro Mereghetti, Filippo Frontera, Riccardo Campana, Natalia Auricchio, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Marica Branchesi, Reginald C. Butler, Maria D. Caballero-Garcia, Anna E. Camisasca, Alberto J. Castro-Tirado, Leo Cavazzini, Riccardo Ciolfi, Adriano De Rosa, Federico Evangelisti, Ruben Farinelli, Lisa Ferro, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, José L. Gasent-Blesa, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Marco Grassi, Cristiano Guidorzi, Paul Hedderman, Irfan Kuvvetli, Giovanni La Rosa, Paolo Lorenzi, Piero Malcovati, Ezequiel Marchesini, Martino Marisaldi, Michele Melchiorri, Filippo Mele, Malgorzata Mikhalska, Mauro Orlandini, Piotr Orleanski, Soren M. Pedersen, Raffaele Pizzolla, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Piero Rosati, Victor Reglero, Samuele Ronchini, Andrea Santangelo, Ruben Salvaterra, Paolo Sarra, Francesca Sortino, Giuseppe Sottile, Giulia Stratta, Stefano Squerzanti, John B. Stephen, Chris Tenzer, Luca Terenzi, Alessio Trois, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Angela Volpe, Marek Winkler, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrzej Zdziarski, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
Subjects: bursts [Gamma-ray], future missions [High-energy astrophysics], Space astrophysics: X and gamma-ray detectors, High-energy astrophysics: future missions, Gamma-ray:bursts, X and gamma-ray detectors [Space astrophysics], Time-domain astronomy, X-rays: transients, Gamma-ray bursts, transients [X-rays], Multi-messenger astrophysics
Abstract: Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray (2022), Montreal, Jul 17-22, 2022.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering vol. 12181 Article number 1218126.-- Full list of authors: Amati, Lorenzo; Labanti, Claudio; Mereghetti, Sandro; Frontera, Filippo; Campana, Riccardo; Auricchio, Natalia; Baldazzi, Giuseppe; Bellutti, Pierluigi; Bertuccio, Giuseppe; Branchesi, Marica; Butler, Reginald C.; Caballero-Garcia, Maria D.; Camisasca, Anna E.; Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.; Cavazzini, Leo; Ciolfi, Riccardo; De Rosa, Adriano; Evangelisti, Federico; Farinelli, Ruben; Ferro, Lisa; Ficorella, Francesco; Fiorini, Mauro; Fuschino, Fabio; Gasent-Blesa, Jose L.; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo; Grassi, Marco; Guidorzi, Cristiano; Hedderman, Paul; Kuvvetli, Irfan; La Rosa, Giovanni; Lorenzi, Paolo; Malcovati, Piero; Marchesini, Ezequiel; Marisaldi, Martino; Melchiorri, Michele; Mele, Filippo; Mikhalska, Malgorzata; Orlandini, Mauro; Orleanski, Piotr; Pedersen, Soren M.; Pizzolla, Raffaele; Rachevski, Alexandre; Rashevskaya, Irina; Rosati, Piero; Reglero, Victor; Ronchini, Samuele; Santangelo, Andrea; Salvaterra, Ruben; Sarra, Paolo; Sortino, Francesca; Sottile, Giuseppe; Stratta, Giulia; Squerzanti, Stefano; Stephen, John B.; Tenzer, Chris; Terenzi, Luca; Trois, Alessio; Vacchi, Andrea; Virgilli, Enrico; Volpe, Angela; Winkler, Marek; Zampa, Gianluigi; Zampa, Nicola; Zdziarski, Andrzej, We describe the science case, design and expected performances of the X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS), a GRB and transients monitor developed and studied for the THESEUS mission project, capable of covering an exceptionally wide energy band (2 keV – 10 MeV), with imaging capabilities and location accuracy, With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709
Published: 2022

7. Study of radiation-induced effects on the RIGEL ASIC

Author: Francesco Ceraudo, Irisa Dedolli, Filippo Ambrosino, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Riccardo Campana, Michele Caselle, Daniela Cirrincione, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Claudio Labanti, Pasqualino Loffredo, Giovanni Lombardi, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, Filippo Mele, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Antonino Tobia, Andrea Vacchi, Angela Volpe, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi
Subjects: Bit-upsets, Latch-up, X-ray spectroscopy, Radiation effects, Silicon detectors, Low-noise ASIC, Total Ionising Dose
Published: 2022

8. The Large Area Detector onboard the eXTP mission

Author: Marco Feroci, Giovanni Ambrosi, Filippo Ambrosino, Matias Antonelli, Andrea Argan, Viktor Babinec, Marco Barbera, Jörg Bayer, Pierluigi Bellutti, Bruna Bertucci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Xingzi Bi, Mirko Boezio, Walter Bonvicini, Giacomo Borghi, Enrico Bozzo, David Baudin, Florent Bouyjou, Daniele Brienza, Franck Cadoux, Riccardo Campana, Jiewei Cao, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Wen Chen, Daniela Cirrincione, Nicolas De Angelis, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Sergio Di Cosimo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Roman Dohnal, Immacolata Donnarumma, Yuri Evangelista, Qingmei Fan, Yannick Favre, Emanuele Fiandrini, Francesco Ficorella, Fabio Fuschino, Na Gao, Olivier Gevin, Marco Grassi, Manuel Guedel, Xingbo Han, Huilin He, Paul Hedderman, jan-willem den herder, Richard Hynek, Bing Hong, Ge Jin, Merlin Kole, Vladimír Karas, Martin Komarek, Claudio Labanti, Loghui Li, Tianming Li, Hong Liang, Olivier Limousin, Rui Liu, Ugo Lo Cicero, Jens Lohering, Giovanni Lombardi, Fang-Jun Lu, Tao Luo, Piero Malcovati, Hanqi Mao, Andrea Marinucci, Filippo Mele, Vasco Mendes, Martin Merkl, Aline Meuris, Małgorzata Michalska, Alfredo Morbidini, Gianluca Morgante, Fabio Muleri, Riccardo Munini, Lorenzo Mussolin, Barbara Negri, Petr Novak, Witold Nowosielski, Alessio Nuti, Piotr Orleanski, Roland Ottensamer, Luigi Pacciani, Stephane Paltani, Teng Pan, Giancarlo Pepponi, Emanuele Perinati, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Samuel Pliego, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaia, Andrea Santangelo, Roberto Serafinelli, Stéphane Schanne, Konrad Skup, Libor Sveda, Jiri Svoboda, Christopher Tenzer, Michela Todaro, Gabreil Torok, Alessio Trois, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Hao Xiong, Jian Wang, Xianqi Wang, Berend Winter, Xin Wu, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrei Zdziarski, Long Zhang, Shu Zhang, Shuang-Nan Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Yupeng Zhou, Nicola Zorzi, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Feroci, Marco, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Antonelli, Matia, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Barbera, Marco, Bayer, Jörg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Walter, Borghi, Giacomo, Bozzo, Enrico, Baudin, David, Bouyjou, Florent, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Cirrincione, Daniela, De Angelis, Nicola, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Dohnal, Roman, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gao, Na, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, He, Huilin, Hedderman, Paul, den herder, jan-willem, Hynek, Richard, Hong, Bing, Jin, Ge, Kole, Merlin, Karas, Vladimír, Komarek, Martin, Labanti, Claudio, Li, Loghui, Li, Tianming, Liang, Hong, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, Rui, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lohering, Jen, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lu, Fang-Jun, Luo, Tao, Malcovati, Piero, Mao, Hanqi, Marinucci, Andrea, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Michalska, Małgorzata, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Novak, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Orleanski, Piotr, Ottensamer, Roland, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Pliego, Samuel, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Santangelo, Andrea, Serafinelli, Roberto, Schanne, Stéphane, Skup, Konrad, Sveda, Libor, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Christopher, Todaro, Michela, Torok, Gabreil, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Xiong, Hao, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrei, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhou, Yupeng, and Zorzi, Nicola
Subjects: Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, EXTP, LAD, Silicon Drift Detector, X-ray timing
Abstract: The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance.
Published: 2022

9. PixDD: a multi-pixel silicon drift detector for high-throughput spectral-timing studies

Author: Francesco Ceraudo, Filippo Ambrosino, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Riccardo Campana, Michele Caselle, Daniela Cirrincione, Irisa Dedolli, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Mauro Fiorini, Fabio Fuschino, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Claudio Labanti, Pasqualino Loffredo, Giovanni Lombardi, Piero Malcovati, Filippo Mele, Alfredo Morbidini, Raffaele Piazzolla, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Antonino Tobia, Andrea Vacchi, Angela Volpe, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Nicola Zorzi
Subjects: Time-resolved spectroscopy, Single-photon detectors, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, X-ray timing, X-ray spectroscopy, Silicon Drift Detectors, ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Abstract: The Pixelated silicon Drift Detector (PixDD) is a two-dimensional multi-pixel X-ray sensor based on the technology of Silicon Drift Detectors, designed to solve the dead time and pile-up issues of photon-integrating imaging detectors. Read out by a two-dimensional self-triggering Application-Specific Integrated Circuit named RIGEL, to which the sensor is bump-bonded, it operates in the 0:5 — 15 keV energy range and is designed to achieve single-photon sensitivity and good spectroscopic capabilities even at room temperature or with mild cooling (< 150 eV resolution at 6 keV at 0 °C). The paper reports on the design and performance tests of the 128-pixel prototype of the fully integrated system.
Published: 2022
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10. A deep study of the high–energy transient sky

Author: R. M. Curado da Silva, Raffaella Margutti, Søren Brandt, Elena Pian, F. Fuschino, Ezio Caroli, Lorenzo Amati, Luciano Burderi, C. G. Mundell, R. Mochkovitch, F. Frontera, Piero Rosati, Enrico Bozzo, C. Guidorzi, G. Ghirlanda, Chris L. Fryer, T. Di Salvo, Shiho Kobayashi, Mauro Orlandini, Riccardo Campana, M. Della Valle, Riccardo Ciolfi, John B. Stephen, Claudio Labanti, P. Laurent, Gabriele Ghisellini, R. Martone, M. Marongiu, Enrico Virgilli, G. Stratta, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Guidorzi C., Frontera F., Ghirlanda G., Stratta G., Mundell C.G., Virgilli E., Rosati P., Caroli E., Amati L., Pian E., Kobayashi S., Ghisellini G., Fryer C., Valle M.D., Margutti R., Marongiu M., Martone R., Campana R., Fuschino F., Labanti C., Orlandini M., Stephen J.B., Brandt S., Silva R.C., Laurent P., Mochkovitch R., Bozzo E., Ciolfi R., Burderi L., and Di Salvo T.
Subjects: Electromagnetic spectrum, ESA voyage 2050, High-energy transient sky, Multi-messenger astrophysics, Space mission concept, X–/γ–ray polarimetry, X–/γ–ray telescopes, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, law, Nuclear astrophysics, optical, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, density, Strong gravity, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, nucleosynthesis, imaging, Particle acceleration, Neutrino, burst, particle, lens, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, interferometer, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, TeV, equation of state, polarization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, nucleus, gravitational radiation, Ambientale, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, acceleration, sensitivity, Universe, monitoring, electromagnetic, angular resolution, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray, gravitation, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: This is an open access article. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder., The coming decades will establish the exploration of the gravitational wave (GW) Universe over a broad frequency range by ground and space interferometers. Meanwhile, wide-field, high-cadence and sensitive surveys will span the electromagnetic spectrum from radio all the way up to TeV, as well as the high-energy neutrino window. Among the numerous classes of transients, γ–ray bursts (GRBs) have direct links with most of the hot topics that will be addressed, such as the strong gravity regime, relativistic shocks, particle acceleration processes, equation of state of matter at nuclear density, and nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, just to mention a few. Other recently discovered classes of transients that are observed throughout cosmological distances include fast radio bursts (FRBs), fast blue optical transients (FBOTs), and other unidentified high-energy transients. Here we discuss how these topics can be addressed by a mission called ASTENA (Advanced Surveyor of Transient Events and Nuclear Astrophysics, see Frontera et al. 18). Its payload combines two instruments: (i) an array of wide-field monitors with imaging, spectroscopic, and polarimetric capabilities (WFM-IS); (ii) a narrow field telescope (NFT) based on a Laue lens operating in the 50–600 keV range with unprecedented angular resolution, polarimetric capabilities, and sensitivity. © 2021, The Author(s)., The ASTENA mission concept is the result of several development activities. We wish to acknowledge the support by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and that by the AHEAD European program. Open access funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Ferrara within the CRUI-CARE Agreement., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.
Published: 2021

11. An X-ray burst from a magnetar enlightening the mechanism of fast radio bursts

Author: F. Perotti, M. Cardillo, Paolo Lipari, F. Lucarelli, Giancarlo Setti, F. Fuschino, N. Parmiggiani, P. Giommi, Francesco Lazzarotto, Arnaud Ferrari, F. Paoletti, P. Picozza, Guido Barbiellini, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, V. Vittorini, M. Trifoglio, Germano Bianchi, Simonetta Puccetti, Francesco Longo, Giovanni Naldi, A. Rappoldi, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Rapisarda, P. Caraveo, A. Addis, Valentina Fioretti, C. Casentini, A. W. Chen, S. Vercellone, G. Di Persio, Paolo Soffitta, M. Galli, A. Argan, F. Verrecchia, Gianni Bernardi, Alessio Magro, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, A. Ursi, Giuseppe Pupillo, L. Baroncelli, E. Del Monte, Martino Marisaldi, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Sandro Mereghetti, L. A. Antonelli, C. Pittori, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, Marco Tavani, Fulvio Gianotti, Ennio Morelli, F. D'Amico, G. Piano, A. Pellizzoni, A. Morselli, A. Giuliani, Claudio Labanti, G. Di Cocco, M. Perri, ITA, USA, ZAF, Tavani, M., Casentini, C., Ursi, A., Verrecchia, F., Addis, A., Antonelli, L. A., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Baroncelli, L., Bernardi, G., Bianchi, G., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cardillo, M., Cattaneo, P. W., Chen, A. W., Costa, E., Del Monte, E., Di Cocco, G., Di Persio, G., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Ferrari, A., Fioretti, V., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Giuliani, A., Labanti, C., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Lucarelli, F., Magro, A., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morelli, E., Morselli, A., Naldi, G., Pacciani, L., Parmiggiani, N., Paoletti, F., Pellizzoni, A., Perri, M., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Pittori, C., Puccetti, S., Pupillo, G., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, A., Setti, G., Soffitta, P., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Vercellone, S., Vittorini, V., Giommi, P., and D???amico, F.
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Magnetar, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, Fast radio bursts, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short (millisecond) radio pulses originating from enigmatic sources at extragalactic distances so far lacking a detection in other energy bands. Magnetized neutron stars (magnetars) have been considered as the sources powering the FRBs, but the connection is controversial because of differing energetics and the lack of radio and X-ray detections with similar characteristics in the two classes. We report here the detection by the AGILE satellite on April 28, 2020 of an X-ray burst in coincidence with the very bright radio burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154. The burst detected by AGILE in the hard X-ray band (18-60 keV) lasts about 0.5 seconds, it is spectrally cutoff above 80 keV, and implies an isotropically emitted energy ~ $10^{40}$ erg. This event is remarkable in many ways: it shows for the first time that a magnetar can produce X-ray bursts in coincidence with FRB-like radio bursts; it also suggests that FRBs associated with magnetars may emit X-ray bursts of both magnetospheric and radio-pulse types that may be discovered in nearby sources. Guided by this detection, we discuss SGR 1935+2154 in the context of FRBs, and especially focus on the class of repeating-FRBs. Based on energetics, magnetars with fields B ~ $10^{15}$ G may power the majority of repeating-FRBs. Nearby repeating-FRBs offer a unique occasion to consolidate the FRB-magnetar connection, and we present new data on the X-ray monitoring of nearby FRBs. Our detection enlightens and constrains the physical process leading to FRBs: contrary to previous expectations, high-brightness temperature radio emission coexists with spectrally-cutoff X-ray radiation., Submitted to Nature Astronomy, May 18, 2020
Published: 2021

12. The HERMES-Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder

Author: Fabrizio Fiore, Luciano Burderi, Michelle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Marco Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Filippo Frontera, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Marco Grassi, Alejandro Guzman, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Lopez-Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Raffaele Piazzolla, Margherita Piccinin, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Alexander Rashevsky, Irina Rashevskaya, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgilli, Norbert Werner, lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, HUN, Fiore F., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Di Salvo T., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Frontera F., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gambino A.F., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guzman A., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piazzolla R., Piccinin M., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rachevski A., Rashevskaya I., Riggio A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., and Zanotti G.
Subjects: CubeSats, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma Ray Bursts, Nano-satellites, X-rays, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Constellation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Modular design, Pathfinder, Sky, Temporal resolution, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is a constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting simple but innovative X-ray detectors, characterized by a large energy band and excellent temporal resolution, and thus optimized for the monitoring of Cosmic High Energy transients such as Gamma Ray Bursts and the electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events, and for the determination of their positions. The projects are funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research and by the Italian Space Agency, and by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No. 821896. HERMES-TP/SP is an in-orbit demonstration, that should be tested starting from 2022. It is intrinsically a modular experiment that can be naturally expanded to provide a global, sensitive all sky monitor for high-energy transients., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020
Published: 2021
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13. The THESEUS space mission: science goals, requirements and mission concept

Author: M. Branchesi, E. Le Floc'h, Sandro Mereghetti, Victor Reglero, Andrew Blain, Riccardo Ciolfi, A. de Rosa, P. Heddermann, S. Basa, Lise Christensen, Ian Hutchinson, Claudio Labanti, Andrea Santangelo, E. Bozzo, A. J. Castro-Tirado, P. T. O'Brien, Victor Doroshenko, Nial Tanvir, Hannah Natasha Lerman, S. Paltani, D. Gotz, J. P. Osborne, C. Tenzer, Luciano Burderi, Piero Rosati, M. D. Caballero-Garcia, G. Stratta, Lorenzo Amati, Lorraine Hanlon, G. Ghirlanda, Ruben Salvaterra, F. Frontera, Luciano Rezzolla, Andrea Ferrara, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THESEUS, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Subjects: cosmological model, transients, Computer science, X-rays: survey, X-rays: transients, X-rays: instrumentation, Gamma-rays: bursts, Cosmology: early Universe, Gamma-rays: instrumentation, NIR: instrumentation, NIR: transients, Space (commercial competition), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, NIR: instrumentation, star, X-rays: survey, Gamma-rays: bursts, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, instrumentation [Gamma-rays], instrumentation, X-rays: instrumentation, bursts, redshift: high, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, early Universe, solar system, Cosmology, neutrino: detector, AFTERGLOW, Cosmology: early Universe, Systems engineering, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-rays, instrumentation [X-rays], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, interferometer, REDSHIFT, FOS: Physical sciences, galaxy: luminosity, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: burst, transients [X-rays], GAMMA-RAY BURST, electromagnetic field: production, NO, neutrino: production, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, ionization, NIR: transients, gamma ray: detector, galaxy: mass, survey, Gamma-rays: instrumentation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], AGN, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), transients [NIR], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, survey [X-rays], Astronomy and Astrophysics, early Universe [Cosmology], NIR, instrumentation [NIR], gravitational radiation detector, bursts [Gamma-rays], LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, Space and Planetary Science, gravitational radiation: emission, X-rays: transients, gravitational radiation: localization, galaxy, X-ray: detector
Abstract: Full list of authors: Amati, L.; O'Brien, P. T.; Götz, D.; Bozzo, E.; Santangelo, A.; Tanvir, N. ; Frontera, F.; Mereghetti, S.; Osborne, J. P.; Blain, A.; Basa, S.; Branchesi, M.; Burderi, L.; Caballero-García, M.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Christensen, L.; Ciolfi, R.; De Rosa, A.; Doroshenko, V.; Ferrara, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Hanlon, L.; Heddermann, P.; Hutchinson, I.; Labanti, C.; Le Floch, E.; Lerman, H.; Paltani, S.; Reglero, V.; Rezzolla, L.; Rosati, P.; Salvaterra, R.; Stratta, G.; Tenzer, C.; Theseus Consortium.--This Open Access article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/., THESEUS, one of the two space mission concepts being studied by ESA as candidates for next M5 mission within its Comsic Vision programme, aims at fully exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) to solve key questions about the early Universe, as well as becoming a cornerstone of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. By investigating the first billion years of the Universe through high-redshift GRBs, THESEUS will shed light on the main open issues in modern cosmology, such as the population of primordial low mass and luminosity galaxies, sources and evolution of cosmic re-ionization, SFR and metallicity evolution up to the “cosmic dawn” and across Pop-III stars. At the same time, the mission will provide a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics by enabling the identification, accurate localisation and study of electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational waves and neutrinos, which will be routinely detected in the late ‘20s and early ‘30s by the second and third generation Gravitational Wave (GW) interferometers and future neutrino detectors, as well as of all kinds of GRBs and most classes of other X/gamma-ray transient sources. Under all these respects, THESEUS will provide great synergies with future large observing facilities in the multi-messenger domain. A Guest Observer programme, comprising Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations, will expand the science return of the mission, to include, e.g., solar system minor bodies, exoplanets, and AGN. © 2021, The Author(s)., The authors, on behalf of the entire THESEUS consortium, are grateful to the ESA-appointed THESEUS Study Scientist Matteo Guainazzi, as well as the entire ESA Study Team for all their work and support across the mission assessment phase (2018-2021). Authors from the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) are grateful for the support received through the agreement ASI-INAF n. 2n. 2018-29-HH.0. Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica within the CRUI-CARE Agreement., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.
Published: 2021

14. The ORION Chipset for the X-Gamma Imaging Spectrometer Onboard of the THESEUS Space Mission

Author: Giuseppe Bertuccio, M. Gandola, Claudio Labanti, Marco Grassi, Piero Malcovati, and F. Mele
Subjects: Physics, Optics, Spectrometer, Chipset, Noise (signal processing), Dynamic range, business.industry, Detector, Imaging spectrometer, Mixed-signal integrated circuit, business, Signal
Abstract: We present the design of a multichip Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), named ORION, for the front-end readout of the X-Gamma Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board the Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) space mission. The XGIS instrument is composed by two cameras that operate as a wide field deep sky monitors with a broad energy range from 2 keV to 20 MeV, and it is based on a position sensitive double-detection mechanism for image reconstruction, in which a single pixel is constituted by a Thallium activated Cesium Iodide (CsI(Tl)) scintillator crystals and two Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) glued at both crystal ends, whose signal is collected, reconstructed and digitized by the presented ORION chipset. In each camera, the ORION chipset is organized in a constellation of 12 800 analog front-end chips (ORION-FE), closely connected to the SDD anodes, and 800 mixed signal multi-channel back-end chips (ORION-BE) for signal processing and digitalization, for a total 25 600 ORION-FE and 1600 ORION-BE in the complete instrument. The back-end chips have two parallelized X and Gamma signal processors, for low-energy and high-energy photons respectively, which allow a tailored optimization on the noise and energy range requirements for each type of event. The chipset has an input dynamic range of 32 fC that allows to process signals with a linearity error below ±1.2% on the Gamma processor, and below ±0.1% on the X processor. The nominal Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) of the system at -20 °C for an estimated detector leakage current of 0.7 pA is 12.5 el. r.m.s at 1 µs peaking time for the X processor, and 32.9 el. r.m.s. at 3 µs peaking time for the Gamma processor. The simulated power consumption is of 1.55 mW per pixel.
Published: 2021

15. INTEGRAL reloaded: Spacecraft, instruments and ground system

Author: Marius Baab, Diego Götz, Jérôme Chenevez, Julia Alfonso-Garzon, R. A. Sunyaev, Norbert Schartel, Margarita Hernanz, Richard Southworth, Ian Benson, Lorenzo Natalucci, Aymeric Sauvageon, Alexis Coleiro, Stefano De Padova, Liviu Toma, Claudia Dietze, Christoph Winkler, Andrea Goldwurm, Jochen Greiner, Christian Gouiffes, Gianluca Gaudenzi, Cristina Hernandez, Niels Lund, W. Hermsen, Angela Bazzano, Mariateresa Fiocchi, Alexander Lehanka, B. McBreen, Lorraine Hanlon, Roland Diehl, James Madison, S. A. Grebenev, Sibylle Peschke, Dave Salt, Alastair McDonald, Julie McEnery, Guillaume Belanger, Peter Kretschmar, Sergey Sazonov, Elliott Coe, A. Domingo, Jim Martin, J. Rodriguez, Mark Drapes, Thomas Siegert, Nikolai von Krusenstiern, Julien Malzac, Isabel Caballero, Sandro Mereghetti, Thomas Godard, Jan-Uwe Ness, E. Jourdain, Edward van den Heuvel, E. Kuulkers, Matthias Ehle, Norbert Pfeil, Søren Brandt, Elena Garcia Tomas, Claudio Labanti, Ugo Zannoni, John Palmer, F. Cangemi, J. Rodi, P. Laurent, Pietro Ubertini, J. P. Roques, J. Miguel Mas-Hesse, A. J. Bird, Michael Reichenbaecher, Carlo Ferrigno, Stefano Scaglioni, Francesco Petrucciani, N. Eismont, Celia Sanchez-Fernandez, Andreas von Kienlin, Jacobo Ebrero, Timothy Finn, Aleksandra Gros, V. G. Savchenko, Mithrajith Edirimanne, Enrico Bozzo, Bradley Cenko, Jutta Hübner, Giovanni La Rosa, Nebil Cinar, Emilio Salazar Donate, Eleonora D’uva, W. Hajdas, Carol Anne Oxborrow, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Research Foundation, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: neutron star: binary, gamma ray: polarization, energy resolution, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 99-00, Gamma-ray observatory, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), optical, time resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Gamma-ray instruments, 00-01, charged particle, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite: orbit, radiation: electromagnetic, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, positron: annihilation, X-ray, Target of opportunity, supernova, 0103 physical sciences, gamma ray: detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Spectral resolution, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Gamma-ray sources, Spectrometer, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, INTEGRAL, resolution, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, monitoring, Neutron star, angular resolution, Space and Planetary Science, spectral, direct detection, Satellite, spectrometer, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business, Space environment
Abstract: The European Space Agency's INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (ESA/INTEGRAL) was launched aboard a Proton-DM2 rocket on 17 October 2002 at 06:41 CEST, from Baikonur in Kazakhstan. Since then, INTEGRAL has been providing long, uninterrupted observations (up to about 47h, or 170ksec, per satellite orbit of 2.7 days) with a large field-of-view (FOV, fully coded: 100 deg), millisecond time resolution, keV energy resolution, polarization measurements, as well as additional wavelength coverage at optical wavelengths. This is realized by two main instruments in the 15keV to 10MeV energy range, the spectrometer SPI (spectral resolution 3keV at 1.8MeV) and the imager IBIS (angular resolution: 12arcmin FWHM), complemented by X-ray (JEM-X; 3–35keV) and optical (OMC; Johnson V-band) monitor instruments. All instruments are co-aligned to simultaneously observe the target region. A particle radiation monitor (IREM) measures charged particle fluxes near the spacecraft. The Anti-coincidence subsystems of the main instruments, built to reduce the background, are also very efficient all-sky γ-ray detectors, which provide virtually omni-directional monitoring above ∼75keV. Besides the long, scheduled observations, INTEGRAL can rapidly (within a couple of hours) re-point and conduct Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations on a large variety of sources. INTEGRAL observations and their scientific results have been building an impressive legacy: The discovery of currently more than 600 new high-energy sources; the first-ever direct detection of Ni and Co radio-active decay lines from a Type Ia supernova; spectroscopy of isotopes from galactic nucleo-synthesis sources; new insights on enigmatic positron annihilation in the Galactic bulge and disk; and pioneering gamma-ray polarization studies. INTEGRAL is also a successful actor in the new multi-messenger astronomy introduced by non-electromagnetic signals from gravitational waves and from neutrinos: INTEGRAL found the first prompt electromagnetic radiation in coincidence with a binary neutron star merger. Up to now more than 1750 scientific papers based on INTEGRAL data have been published in refereed journals. In this paper, we will give a comprehensive update of the satellite status after more than 18 years of operations in a harsh space environment, and an account of the successful Ground Segment., Kuulkers, Erik, et al., he OMC team has been funded by different Spanish grants, including Spanish State Research Agency grants PID2019–107061GB–C61 and MDM–2017-0737 (Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu – CAB). The INTEGRAL French teams acknowledge partial funding from the French Space Agency (CNES). The Danish JEM-X gratefully acknowledges support from the Danish PRODEX delegation through contract C90057. The INTEGRAL Italian team acknowledges support form the Italian Space Agency, ASI, along these years via different agreements, last of which is 2019–35-HH.0. LH acknowledges support from SFI under grant 19/FFP/6777 and the EU AHEAD2020 project (grant agreement 871158). MH acknowledges support from Spanish MICINN grant PID2019-108709GB-I00. TS is supported by the German Research Society (DFG-Forschungsstipendium SI 2502/1-1 & SI 2502/3-1).
Published: 2021

16. GrailQuest: hunting for atoms of space and time hidden in the wrinkle of Space-Time: A swarm of nano/micro/small-satellites to probe the ultimate structure of Space-Time and to provide an all-sky monitor to study high-energy astrophysics phenomena

Author: Dhiren Kataria, Andrea Santangelo, Monica Colpi, Enrico Costa, Carlo Rovelli, Alessandro Papitto, Salvatore Capozziello, N. D'Amico, Alessandro Riggio, Kevin Hurley, Marco Feroci, M. Branchesi, M. Della Valle, Giuseppe Lodato, F. Frontera, Angelo Gambino, Tsvi Piran, P. de Bernardis, T. Di Salvo, Lorenzo Amati, E. Coccia, Gabriele Ghisellini, Silvia Zane, Heino Falcke, Barbara Negri, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, M. De Laurentis, Claudio Labanti, F. Vidotto, Fabrizio Fiore, Andrea Sanna, R. Iaria, Luciano Burderi, ITA, Burderi, L., Sanna, A., Di Salvo, T., Amati, L., Amelino-Camelia, G., Branchesi, M., Capozziello, S., Coccia, E., Colpi, M., Costa, E., D'Amico, N., De Bernardis, P., De Laurentis, M., Valle, M. D., Falcke, H., Feroci, M., Fiore, F., Frontera, F., Gambino, A. F., Ghisellini, G., Hurley, K. C., Iaria, R., Kataria, D., Labanti, C., Lodato, G., Negri, B., Papitto, A., Piran, T., Riggio, A., Rovelli, C., Santangelo, A., Vidotto, F., Zane, S., Burderi, L, Sanna, A, Di Salvo, T, Amati, L, Amelino-Camelia, G, Branchesi, M, Capozziello, S, Coccia, E, Colpi, M, Costa, E, D'Amico, N, De Bernardis, P, De Laurentis, M, Valle, M, Falcke, H, Feroci, M, Fiore, F, Frontera, F, Gambino, A, Ghisellini, G, Hurley, K, Iaria, R, Kataria, D, Labanti, C, Lodato, G, Negri, B, Papitto, A, Piran, T, Riggio, A, Rovelli, C, Santangelo, A, Vidotto, F, Zane, S, Burderi L., Sanna A., Di Salvo T., Amati L., Amelino-Camelia G., Branchesi M., Capozziello S., Coccia E., Colpi M., Costa E., D'Amico N., De Bernardis P., De Laurentis M., Valle M.D., Falcke H., Feroci M., Fiore F., Frontera F., Gambino A.F., Ghisellini G., Hurley K.C., Iaria R., Kataria D., Labanti C., Lodato G., Negri B., Papitto A., Piran T., Riggio A., Rovelli C., Santangelo A., Vidotto F., and Zane S.
Subjects: Physics, Gamma-Ray Bursts, γ-ray source, All-sky monitor, Constellation of satellites, Quantum gravity, γ-ray sources, Photon, business.industry, Gravitational wave, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-Ray Burst, Optics, Constellation of satellite, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, Temporal resolution, Satellite, business, Geocentric orbit
Abstract: GrailQuest(Gamma Ray Astronomy International Laboratory for QUantum Exploration of Space-Time) is a mission concept based on a constellation (hundreds/thousands) of nano/micro/small-satellites in low (or near) Earth orbits. Each satellite hosts a non-collimated array of scintillator crystals coupled with Silicon Drift Detectors with broad energy band coverage (keV-MeV range) and excellent temporal resolution (≤ 100 nanoseconds) each with effective area$\sim 100 \text {cm}^{2}$∼100cm2. This simple and robust design allows for mass-production of the satellites of the fleet. This revolutionary approach implies a huge reduction of costs, flexibility in the segmented launching strategy, and an incremental long-term plan to increase the number of detectors and their performance; this will result in a living observatory for next-generation, space-based astronomical facilities.GrailQuestis conceived as an all-sky monitor for fast localisation of high signal-to-noise ratio transients in the X-/gamma-ray band, e.g. the elusive electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events. Robust temporal triangulation techniques will allow unprecedented localisation capabilities, in the keV-MeV band, of a few arcseconds or below, depending on the temporal structure of the transient event. The ambitious ultimate goal of this mission is to perform the first experiment, in quantum gravity, to directly probe space-time structure down to the minuscule Planck scale, by constraining or measuring a first-order dispersion relation for lightin vacuo. This is obtained by detecting delays between photons of different energies in the prompt emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts.
Published: 2021

17. Understanding the origin of the positron annihilation line and the physics of supernova explosions

Author: Natalia Auricchio, Chris L. Fryer, R. M. Curado da Silva, Roland Diehl, M. Della Valle, Lorenzo Amati, Søren Brandt, Irfan Kuvvetli, Piero Rosati, Thomas Siegert, Enrico Bozzo, Carl Budtz-Jørgensen, Paolo A. Mazzali, Elena Pian, Claudio Labanti, Enrico Virgilli, Ezio Caroli, Mauro Orlandini, S. Del Sordo, C. Guidorzi, Riccardo Campana, F. Fuschino, F. Frontera, John B. Stephen, P. Laurent, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Origin of positron annihilation line from Galactic bulge region, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Space mission concept, Population, Dark matter, Socio-culturale, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear astrophysics, Nuclear fusion, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dark matter from the Galactic Center region, ESA voyage 2050, Nuclear line distribution across supernova remnants, Nucleosynthesis study in novae, Physical origin of the Phillips law, type I and core-collapse supernovae, X–/γ–ray telescopes, Galaxy, Neutron star, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Type I and core-collapse supernovae, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Nuclear astrophysics, and particularly nuclear emission line diagnostics from a variety of cosmic sites, has remained one of the least developed fields in experimental astronomy, despite its central role in addressing a number of outstanding questions in modern astrophysics. Radioactive isotopes are co-produced with stable isotopes in the fusion reactions of nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions and other violent events, such as neutron star mergers. The origin of the 511 keV positron annihilation line observed in the direction of the Galactic Center is a 50-year-long mystery. In fact, we still do not understand whether its diffuse large-scale emission is entirely due to a population of discrete sources, which are unresolved with current poor angular resolution instruments at these energies, or whether dark matter annihilation could contribute to it. From the results obtained in the pioneering decades of this experimentally-challenging window, it has become clear that some of the most pressing issues in high-energy astrophysics and astro-particle physics would greatly benefit from significant progress in the observational capabilities in the keV-to-MeV energy band. Current instrumentation is in fact not sensitive enough to detect radioactive and annihilation lines from a wide variety of phenomena in our and nearby galaxies, let alone study the spatial distribution of their emission. In this White Paper (WP), we discuss how unprecedented studies in this field will become possible with a new low-energy gamma-ray space experiment, called ASTENA (Advanced Surveyor of Transient Events and Nuclear Astrophysics), which combines new imaging, spectroscopic and polarization capabilities. In a separate WP (Guidorzi et al. 39), we discuss how the same mission concept will enable new groundbreaking studies of the physics of Gamma–Ray Bursts and other high-energy transient phenomena over the next decades.
Published: 2021

18. ORION, a Multi-Chip Readout Electronics for Satellite Wide Energy Range X-/γ-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy: design and characterization of the analog section

Author: Andrea Vacchi, F. Fuschino, Ezequiel Marchesini, Lorenzo Amati, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Irina Rashevskaya, E. Demenev, Giacomo Borghi, Piero Malcovati, A. Rachevski, E. Virgilli, Nicola Zorzi, N. Zampa, Riccardo Campana, Filippo Frontera, Pierluigi Bellutti, Antonino Picciotto, Marco Grassi, M. Fiorini, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Ficorella, F. Mele, Irisa Dedolli, M. Gandola, and Gianluigi Zampa
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Chipset, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Imaging spectrometer, Silicon Drift Detectors, Scintillator, Crystals, Transient analysis, Optics, ASIC, Bars, Detectors, Photonics, Radiation detectors electronics, Readout electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, Scintillation, business.industry, Dynamic range, Chip, Pulse shaping, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, business
Abstract: The ORION chipset, a full-custom multi-chip readout and processing electronics for the X-γ Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board the THESEUS space mission, is presented. The XGIS detection plane is arranged in a matrix of 10×10 detection modules, each one composed by 64 CsI(Tl) scintillation bars (4.5 mm×4.5 mm×30 mm) optically coupled at the top and bottom ends to two 8×8 monolithic Silicon Drift Detector matrices. The top SDD, exposed to the X-ray entrance window, performs the double function of low-energy X-ray detection as well as scintillator’s readout, together with the bottom SDD, providing a detection and spectroscopic energy range from 2 keV up to 20 MeV. The need to achieve a high energy resolution, as well as a high sensitive area on the detection plane, led to the development of a chipset organized to have a minimum-area analog readout chip placed in close proximity of the SDD (ORION-FE) and a mixed-signal back-end (ORION-BE) placed a few centimeters further on the back-end board for the additional signal processing and digitization. The multi-chip readout electronics integrates two dedicated analog processors for low-energy photons up to 30 keV (X-processor) and high-energy photons up to 5 MeV (γ-processor), allowing a spectroscopy-grade resolution in the 4 decades energy band (2 keV–20 MeV) of the XGIS, with a simulated power consumption of 1.55 mW/pixel. The ORION prototype was bonded to two ~25mm2 SDDs, and extensively characterized in terms of pulse shaping, pulse discrimination and stretching functionality, as well as linearity, dynamic range and spectroscopic resolution. An optimum Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) at –20°C of 24.3 el. r.m.s. on the X-channel (212 eV FWHM on Si), and 39.6 el. r.m.s. on the γ-channel (3.7 keV FWHM on CsI(Tl)) has been recorded.
Published: 2021

19. Timing techniques applied to distributed modular high-energy astronomy: the H.E.R.M.E.S. project

Author: Andrea Sanna, Luciano Burderi, Tiziana Di Salvo, Fabrizio Fiore, Alessandro Riggio, Angelo Gambino, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Fuschino, Paolo Lunghi, Ángel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Fabrizio Amarilli, Filippo Ambrosino, Giavanni Amelino-Camelia, Alessio Anitra, Marco Barbera, Michele Bechini, Paolo Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Jiewei Cao, Francesco Ceraudo, Tianxiang Chen, Matteo Cinelli, Marco Citossi, Aurora Clerici, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Evgeny Demenev, Melania Del Santo, Giuseppe Dilillo, Pavel Efremov, Marco Feroci, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Mauro Fiorini, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgoczi, Na Gao, Massimo Gandola, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gamboc, Marco Grassi, Cristiano Guidorzi, Alejandro Guzman, Rosario Iaria, Mile Karlica, Uros Kostic, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Ugo Lo Cicero, Borja Loper Fernandez, Piero Malcovati, Alessandro Maselli, Arianna Manca, Filippo Mele, Dorottya Milankovich, Gianluca Morgante, Lara Nava, Paolo Nogara, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Andras Pal, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Jacopo Prinetto, Giuseppe Pucacco, Irina Rashevskaya, Alexander Rashevsky, Jakub Ripa, Francesco Russo, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranamonte, Andrea Santangelo, Francesca Scala, Giulia Sciarrone, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Giuseppe Sottile, Tomaz Rotovnik, Christoph Tenzer, Ivan Troisi, Andrea Vacchi, Enrico Virgili, Norbert Werner, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Giovanni Zanotti, den Herder, J-W A, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Sanna A., Gambino A.F., Burderi L., Riggio A., Di Salvo T., Fiore F., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Evangelista Y., Campana R., Fuschino F., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Amarilli F., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Cao J., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Dilillo G., Efremov P., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guidorzi C., Guzman A., Iaria R., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nava L., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Piazzolla R., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Rashevskaya I., Rashevski A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zanotti G., ITA, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, and HUN
Subjects: CubeSats, High energy, High-energy astronomy, Real-time computing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Nano-satellites, Temporal triangulation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Modular design, Pathfinder, Temporal resolution, Gamma Ray Bursts, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract: The HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites -- Technologic and Scientific Pathfinder) is an in-orbit demonstration of the so-called distributed astronomy concept. Conceived as a mini-constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting a new miniaturized detector, HERMES-TP/SP aims at the detection and accurate localisation of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts. The large energy band, the excellent temporal resolution and the wide field of view that characterize the detectors of the constellation represent the key features for the next generation high-energy all-sky monitor with good localisation capabilities that will play a pivotal role in the future of Multi-messenger Astronomy. In this work, we will describe in detail the temporal techniques that allow the localisation of bright transient events taking advantage of their almost simultaneous observation by spatially spaced detectors. Moreover, we will quantitatively discuss the all-sky monitor capabilities of the HERMES Pathfinder as well as its achievable accuracies on the localisation of the detected Gamma-Ray Bursts., 19 pages, 13 figures, Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020
Published: 2020

20. Scientific simulations and optimization of the XGIS instrument on board THESEUS

Author: Filippo Frontera, John B. Stephen, Sandro Mereghetti, J. L. Gasent-Blesa, Lorenzo Amati, Michele Lissoni, C. Guidorzi, Michela Rigoselli, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Riccardo Campana, Ruben Farinelli, F. Fuschino, Ruben Salvaterra, Claudio Labanti, and P. Connell
Subjects: Spectrometer, Computer science, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Process (computing), FOS: Physical sciences, Wide field, Redshift, On board, Sky, Aerospace engineering, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Gamma-ray burst, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common
Abstract: The XGIS (X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer) is one of the three instruments onboard the THESEUS mission (ESA M5, currently in Phase-A). Thanks to its wide field of view and good imaging capabilities, it will efficiently detect and localize gamma-ray bursts and other transients in the 2-150 keV sky, and also provide spectroscopy up to 10 MeV. Its current design has been optimized by means of scientific simulations based on a Monte Carlo model of the instrument coupled to a state-of-the-art description of the populations of long and short GRBs extending to high redshifts. We describe the optimization process that led to the current design of the XGIS, based on two identical units with partially overlapping fields of view, and discuss the expected performance of the instrument., Comment: Proceedings of the SPIE 2020, paper 11444-276
Published: 2020

21. X-/γ-Ray Detection Instrument for the HERMES Nano-Satellites Based on SDDs Read-Out by the LYRA Mixed-Signal ASIC Chipset

Author: A. Rachevski, P. Bellutti, Francesco Ficorella, Piero Malcovati, Raffaele Piazzolla, F. Mele, M. Fiorini, Riccardo Campana, Miriam Grassi, Claudio Labanti, F. Fuschino, Nicola Zorzi, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Marco Feroci, I. Rashevskaya, E. Demenev, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, Giacomo Borghi, Y. Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, A. Picciotto, M. Gandola, and Luciano Burderi
Subjects: Interconnection, Silicon drift detector, Chipset, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Power (physics), Section (fiber bundle), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Application-specific integrated circuit, CMOS, 0103 physical sciences, Medicine, business
Abstract: This paper presents the front-end section of the X-/γ-ray detection instrument of the HERMES mission, whose goal is to observe and localize γ-ray bursts, through a constellation of more than one hundred nano-satellites. Considering the severe volume and power consumption constraints of the nano-satellites, in the HERMES X-/γ-ray detection instrument, silicon drift detectors are read out through a mixed-signal ASIC chipset, called LYRA, based on a peculiar architecture. In particular, a small front-end ASIC (LYRA-FE), placed close to each silicon drift detector, is connected, through a current-mode link, to a multi-channel back-end ASIC (LYRA-BE). The LYRA ASIC chipset, implemented in a 0.35µm CMOS technology, achieves less than $22{\text{e}}_{{\text{rms}}}^ - $ of equivalent noise charge, with a power consumption lower than 600µW/channel from a 3.3V power supply. Thanks to the current-mode link between the LYRA-FE and the LYRA-BE ASICs, no significant crosstalk among channels can be observed, in spite of the length of the interconnection wires as large as 12cm.
Published: 2020

22. An innovative architecture for a wide band transient monitor on board the HERMES nano-satellite constellation

Author: G. Dilillo, A. Rachevski, P. Bellutti, I. Rashevskaya, Francesco Ficorella, Y. Evangelista, G. Zampa, Yupeng Xu, Gianluca Morgante, Fabrizio Fiore, G. La Rosa, Giuseppe Bertuccio, G. Pauletta, P. Nogara, Piero Malcovati, Miriam Grassi, A. Vacchi, M. Feroci, F. Ceraudo, Raffaele Piazzolla, Claudio Labanti, M. Fiorini, E. Virgilli, T. Chen, Nicola Zorzi, Giacomo Borghi, N. Zampa, M. Gandola, F. Mele, Giuseppe Sottile, J. Cao, L. Wang, Filippo Ambrosino, N. Gao, E. Demenev, A. Picciotto, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, ITA, DEU, and CHN
Subjects: Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator Detectors, Silicon Drift Detectors, 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanosatellites, Gamma-ray Burst, Transient (oscillation), 0210 nano-technology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The HERMES-TP/SP mission, based on a nanosatellite constellation, has very stringent constraints of sensitivity and compactness, and requires an innovative wide energy range instrument. The instrument technology is based on the "siswich" concept, in which custom-designed, low-noise Silicon Drift Detectors are used to simultaneously detect soft X-rays and to readout the optical light produced by the interaction of higher energy photons in GAGG:Ce scintillators. To preserve the inherent excellent spectroscopic performances of SDDs, advanced readout electronics is necessary. In this paper, the HERMES detector architecture concept will be described in detail, as well as the specifically developed front-end ASICs (LYRA-FE and LYRA-BE) and integration solutions. The experimental performance of the integrated system composed by scintillator+SDD+LYRA ASIC will be discussed, demonstrating that the requirements of a wide energy range sensitivity, from 2 keV up to 2 MeV, are met in a compact instrument., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020
Published: 2020

23. The 3rd AGILE Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash Catalog. Part I: Association to Lightning Sferics

Author: M. Galli, C. Pittori, F. Verrecchia, David Sarria, Anders Lindanger, Nikolai Østgaard, C. Maiorana, Kjetil Albrechtsen, A. Ursi, Claudio Labanti, Martino Marisaldi, Marco Tavani, Lindanger, A., Marisaldi, M., Maiorana, C., Sarria, D., Albrechtsen, K., Ostgaard, N., Galli, M., Ursi, A., Labanti, C., Tavani, M., Pittori, C., and Verrecchia, F.
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, business.industry, terrestrial electron beam, Radio atmospheric, 01 natural sciences, Lightning, atmospheric electricity, terrestrial gamma ray flash, Geophysics, Word Wide Lightning Location Network, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), AGILE satellite, Environmental science, Atmospheric electricity, lightning, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrestrial gamma-ray flash, Agile software development
Abstract: We present a complete and systematic search for terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), detected by AGILE, that are associated with radio sferics detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) in the period February 2009 to September 2018. The search algorithms and characteristics of these new TGFs will be presented and discussed. The number of WWLLN identified (WI) TGFs shows that previous TGF selection criteria needs to be reviewed as they do not identify all the WI TGFs in the data set. In this analysis we confirm with an independent data set that WI TGFs tend to have shorter time duration than TGFs without a WWLLN match. TGFs occurs more often on coastal and ocean regions compared to the distribution of lightning activity. Several multipulse TGFs were identified and their WWLLN match are always associated with the last gamma-ray pulse. We also present the first Terrestrial Electron Beam detected by AGILE. This data set together with the TGF sample identified by selection criteria (companion paper Maiorana et al., 2020) constitute the 3rd AGILE TGF catalog. publishedVersion
Published: 2020

24. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board THESEUS: Design, main characteristics, and concept of operation

Author: Sandro Mereghetti, Lorenzo Amati, J. L. Gasent-Blesa, Denis Tcherniak, Piero Malcovati, F. Fuschino, Piero Rosati, P. Bellutti, Natalia Auricchio, Giacomo Borghi, A. de Rosa, Irfan Kuvvetli, Francesco Ficorella, M. Fiorini, Andrea Santangelo, E. Demenev, Giuseppe Bertuccio, A. Picciotto, C. Guidorzi, G. Zampa, Giuseppe Sottile, Riccardo Campana, Raffaele Piazzolla, Søren Møller Pedersen, F. Evangelisti, Pedro Rodríguez-Martínez, Mauro Orlandini, Paolo Lorenzi, Luca Terenzi, Nadia Zorzi, M. Melchiorri, M. Winkler, Paolo Sarra, Filippo Frontera, E. Virgilli, I. Rashevskaya, C. Tenzer, P. H. Connell, J. Navarro-González, A. Vacchi, Miriam Grassi, V. Reglero, F. Mele, V. Da Ronco, J. B. Stephen, V. Zanini, Piotr Orleanski, A. Volpe, A. J. Castro-Tirado, N. Zampa, Paul Hedderman, A. Rachevski, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Alessio Trois, M. Gandola, Benjamin Pinazo-Herrero, R. C. Butler, Gianluca Morgante, G. La Rosa, Claudio Labanti, S. Squerzanti, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Labanti C., Amati L., Frontera F., Mereghetti S., Gasent-Blesa J.L., Tenzer C., Orleanski P., Kuvvetli I., Campana R., Fuschino F., Terenzi L., Virgilli E., Morgante G., Orlandini M., Butler R.C., Stephen J.B., Auricchio N., de Rosa A., da Ronco V., Evangelisti F., Melchiorri M., Squerzanti S., Fiorini M., Bertuccio G., Mele F., Gandola M., Malcovati P., Grassi M., Bellutti P., Borghi G., Ficorella F., Picciotto A., Zanini V., Zorzi N., Demenev E., Rashevskaya I., Rachevski A., Zampa G., Vacchi A., Zampa N., Baldazzi G., la Rosa G., Sottile G., Volpe A., Winkler M., Reglero V., Connell P., Pinazo-Herrero B., Navarro-Gonzalez J., Rodriguez-Martinez P., Castro-Tirado A.J., Santangelo A., Hedderman P., Lorenzi P., Sarra P., Pedersen S.M., Tcherniak A.D., Guidorzi C., Rosati P., Trois A., Piazzolla R., Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, European Space Agency, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, National Science Centre (Poland), Foundation for Polish Science, ITA, DEU, ESP, DNK, POL, Herder, Jan-Willem A. den, Nikzad, Shouleh, and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
Subjects: Cosmic Vision, ESA Missions, Gamma-ray detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Infrared telescope, Imaging spectrometer, X-ray detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, ESA Mission, Optics, law, Coded Mask Imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma ray astronomy, XGIS, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gamma Ray Bursts, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-ray detectors, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma Ray Burst, THESEUS, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Gamma-ray Bursts
Abstract: Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray; Virtual, Online; United States; 14 December 2020 through 18 December 2020; Code 166330.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering Volume 11444, 2020, Article number 114442K.--Full list of authors: Labanti, C.; Amati, L.; Frontera, F.; Mereghetti, S.; Gasent-Blesa, J. L.; Tenzer, C.; Orleanski, P.; Kuvvetli, I.; Campana, R.; Fuschino, F.; Terenzi, L.; Virgilli, E.; Morgante, G.; Orlandini, M.; Butler, R. C.; Stephen, J. B.; Auricchio, N.; De Rosa, A.; Da Ronco, V.; Evangelisti, F. Melchiorri, M.; Squerzanti, S.; Fiorini, M.; Bertuccio, G.; Mele, F.; Gandola, M.; Malcovati, P.; Grassi, M.; Bellutti, P.; Borghi, G.; Ficorella, F.; Picciotto, A.; Zanini, V.; Zorzi, N.; Demenev, E.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rachevski, A.; Zampa, G.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Baldazzi, G.; La Rosa, G.; Sottile, G.; Volpe, A.; Winkler, M.; Reglero, V.; Connell, P. H.; Pinazo-Herrero, B.; Navarro-González, J.; Rodríguez-Martínez, P.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Santangelo, A.; Hedderman, P.; Lorenzi, P.; Sarra, P.; Pedersen, S. M.; Tcherniak, D.; Guidorzi, C.; Rosati, P.; Trois, A.; Piazzolla, R., THESEUS (Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor) is one of the three missions selected by ESA as fifth medium class mission (M5) candidates in its Cosmic Vision science program, currently under assessment in a phase A study with a planned launch date in 2032. THESEUS is designed to carry on-board two wide and deep sky monitoring instruments for X/gamma-ray transients detection: a wide-field soft X-ray monitor with imaging capability (Soft X-ray Imager, SXI, 0.3 - 5 keV), a hard X-ray, partially-imaging spectroscopic instrument (X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer, XGIS, 2 keV - 10 MeV), and an optical/near-IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capability (InfraRed Telescope, IRT, 0.7 - 1.8 µm). The spacecraft will be capable of performing fast repointing of the IRT to the error region provided by the monitors, thus allowing it to detect and localize the transient sources down to a few arcsec accuracy, for immediate identification and redshift determination. The prime goal of the XGIS will be to detect transient sources, with monitoring timescales down to milliseconds, both independently of, or following up, SXI detections, and identify the sources performing localisation at, The Phase A study of the THESEUS/XGIS instrument is supported by ASI-INAF Agreement n. 2018-29-HH.0, OHB Italia/ - INAF-OASBo Agreement n.2331/2020/01, by the European Space Agency ESA through the M5/NPMC Programme and by the AHEAD2020 project funded by UE through H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020. By the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, PID2019-109269RB-C41. By Polish National Science Center, Project 2019/35/B/ST9/03944 and Foundation for Polish Science, Project POIR.04.04.00-00-5C65/17-00.
Published: 2020

25. The scientific payload on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat missions

Author: Yuri Evangelista, Fabrizio Fiore, Fabio Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ceraudo, Evgeny Demenev, Alejandro Guzman, Claudio Labanti, Giovanni La Rosa, Mauro Fiorini, Massimo Gandola, Marco Grassi, Filippo Mele, Gianluca Morgante, Paolo Nogara, Raffaele Piazzolla, Samuel Pliego Caballero, Irina Rashevskaya, Francesco Russo, Giulia Sciarrone, Giuseppe Sottile, Dorottya Milankovich, András Pál, Filippo Ambrosino, Natalia Auricchio, Marco Barbera, Pierluigi Bellutti, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, Jiewei Cao, Tianxiang Chen, Giuseppe Dilillo, Marco Feroci, Francesco Ficorella, Ugo Lo Cicero, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, Giovanni Pauletta, Antonino Picciotto, Alexandre Rachevski, Andrea Santangelo, Chistoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Lingjun Wang, Yupeng Xu, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Nicola Zorzi, Luciano Burderi, Michèle Lavagna, Roberto Bertacin, Paolo Lunghi, Angel Monge, Barbara Negri, Simone Pirrotta, Simonetta Puccetti, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Amarilli, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Michele Bechini, Marco Citossi, Andrea Colagrossi, Serena Curzel, Giovanni Della Casa, Marco Cinelli, Melania Del Santo, Tiziana Di Salvo, Chiara Feruglio, Fabrizio Ferrandi, Michele Fiorito, Dejan Gacnik, Gabor Galgóczi, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Andreja Gomboc, Mile Karlica, Pavel Efremov, Uros Kostic, Aurora Clerici, Borja Lopez Fernandez, Alessandro Maselli, Lara Nava, Masanori Ohno, Daniele Ottolina, Andrea Pasquale, Matteo Perri, Margherita Piccinin, Jacopo Prinetto, Alessandro Riggio, Jakub Ripa, Alessandro Papitto, Silvia Piranomonte, Francesca Scala, David Selcan, Stefano Silvestrini, Tomaz Rotovnik, Enrico Virgilli, Ivan Troisi, Norbert Werner, Giovanni Zanotti, Alessio Anitra, Arianna Manca, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Evangelista Y., Fiore F., Fuschino F., Campana R., Ceraudo F., Demenev E., Guzman A., Labanti C., la Rosa G., Fiorini M., Gandola M., Grassi M., Mele F., Milankovich D., Morgante G., Nogara P., Pal A., Piazzolla R., Pliego Caballero S., Rashevskaya I., Russo F., Sciarrone G., Sottile G., Ambrosino F., Auricchio N., Barbera M., Bellutti P., Bertuccio G., Borghi G., Cao J., Chen T., Dilillo G., Feroci M., Ficorella F., Lo Cicero U., Malcovati P., Morbidini A., Pauletta G., Picciotto A., Rachevski A., Santangelo A., Tenzer C., Vacchi A., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zorzi N., Burderi L., Lavagna M., Bertacin R., Lunghi P., Monge A., Negri B., Pirrotta S., Puccetti S., Sanna A., Amarilli F., Amelino-Camelia G., Bechini M., Citossi M., Colagrossi A., Curzel S., della Casa G., Cinelli M., Del Santo M., Di Salvo T., Anitra A., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorito M., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gambino A.F., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Karlica M., Efremov P., Kostic U., Clerici A., Lopez Fernandez B., Manca A., Maselli A., Nava L., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Prinetto J., Riggio A., Ripa J., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Scala F., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Rotovnik T., Troisi I., Virgilli E., Werner N., Zanotti G., ITA, ESP, CZE, SVN, and HUN
Subjects: Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, CubeSat, Transient (computer programming), Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Payload, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Steradian, Satellite, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) Technological and Scientific pathfinder is a space borne mission based on a LEO constellation of nano-satellites. The 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized detectors to probe the temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Fast transient localization, in a field of view of several steradians and with arcmin-level accuracy, is gained by comparing time delays among the same event detection epochs occurred on at least 3 nano-satellites. With a launch date in 2022, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone capability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments. In this paper we will illustrate the HERMES payload design, highlighting the technical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and gamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a CubeSat 1U volume together with its complete control electronics and data handling system., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020
Published: 2020
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26. The XGIS instrument on-board THESEUS: the detection plane and on-board electronics

Author: Paolo Lorenzi, G. Zampa, Miriam Grassi, I. Rashevskaya, M. Winkler, Lorenzo Amati, Piero Malcovati, Lucas Christoffer Bune Jensen, P. Bellutti, Giacomo Borghi, Francesco Ficorella, Giuseppe Sottile, A. Picciotto, Alessandro Gemelli, F. Mele, E. Virgilli, Riccardo Campana, Søren Møller Pedersen, F. Fuschino, Ifran Kuvvetli, G. La Rosa, Piotr Orleanski, Claudio Labanti, Andrea Santangelo, Denis Tcherniak, Paul Hedderman, A. Rachevski, Luca Terenzi, C. Tenzer, A. Vacchi, M. Gandola, Nicola Zorzi, Paolo Sarra, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Bertuccio, A. den Herder, Jan-Willem, Nikzad, Shouleh, and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
Subjects: Scintillation, Cosmic Vision, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Computer science, ASIC, Detector, Electrical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Photodetector, Chipset, Integrated circuit, law.invention, ORION, law, Scintillator crystals, Silicon Drift Detector, THESEUS mission, Redundancy (engineering), Electronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: The X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer instrument on-board the THESEUS mission (selected by ESA in the framework of the Cosmic Vision M5 launch opportunity, currently in phase A) is based on a detection plane composed of several thousands of single active elements. Each element comprises a 4.5x4.5x30 mm 3 CsI(Tl) scintillator bar, optically coupled at both ends to Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs). The SDDs acts both as photodetectors for the scintillation light and as direct X-ray sensors. In this paper the design of the XGIS detection plane is reviewed, outlining the strategic choices in terms of modularity and redundancy of the system. Results on detector-electronics prototypes are also described. Moreover, the design and development of the low-noise front-end electronics is presented, emphasizing the innovative architectural design based on custom-designed Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)., Comment: Proceedings of the SPIE 2020, paper 11444-277
Published: 2020

27. The FAMU experiment: muonic hydrogen high precision spectroscopy studies

Author: Joseph Niemela, E. Vallazza, Alessandro Menegolli, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Eugenio Fasci, V. Bonvicini, F. Fuschino, E. Furlanetto, Massimiliano Clemenza, R. Mazza, Barbara Patrizi, R. Sarkar, M. Citossi, P. J. C. King, D. Cirrincione, L. Stoychev, Humberto Cabrera, D. Guffanti, R. Bertoni, C. De Vecchi, A. Pullia, A. de Bari, K. Ishida, M. Baruzzo, Roberta Ramponi, C. Xiao, K. S. Gadedjisso-Tossou, Angela Pirri, P. Danev, Miltcho B. Danailov, H. E. Roman, A. Vacchi, Dimitar Bakalov, M. Stoilov, Gianluca Morgante, L. Colace, M. Rossella, C. Pizzolotto, Livio Gianfrani, L. Tortora, Valter Maggi, Guido Toci, A. Sbrizzi, Luigi Moretti, M. Bonesini, E. Mocchiutti, Andrzej Adamczak, M. Vannini, J. J. Suárez-Vargas, Adrian D. Hillier, Roberto Benocci, G. Zampa, M. De Vincenzi, L. P. Rignanese, Claudio Labanti, F. Chignoli, Pizzolotto, C., Adamczak, A., Bakalov, D., Baldazzi, G., Baruzzo, M., Benocci, R., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Bonvicini, V., Cabrera, H., Cirrincione, D., Citossi, M., Chignoli, F., Clemenza, M., Colace, L., Danailov, M., Danev, P., de Bari, A., De Vecchi, C., de Vincenzi, M., Fasci, E., Furlanetto, E., Fuschino, F., Gadedjisso-Tossou, K. S., Gianfrani, L., Guffanti, D., Hillier, A. D., Ishida, K., King, P. J. C., Labanti, C., Maggi, V., Mazza, R., Menegolli, A., Mocchiutti, E., Moretti, L., Morgante, G., Niemela, J., Patrizi, B., Pirri, A., Pullia, A., Ramponi, R., Rignanese, L. P., Roman, H. E., Rossella, M., Sarkar, R., Sbrizzi, A., Stoilov, M., Stoychev, L., Suarez-Vargas, J. J., Toci, G., Tortora, L., Vallazza, E., Vannini, M., Xiao, C., Zampa, G., Vacchi, A., Suárez-Vargas, J. J., Pizzolotto, C, Adamczak, A, Bakalov, D, Baldazzi, G, Baruzzo, M, Benocci, R, Bertoni, R, Bonesini, M, Bonvicini, V, Cabrera, H, Cirrincione, D, Citossi, M, Chignoli, F, Clemenza, M, Colace, L, Danailov, M, Danev, P, de Bari, A, De Vecchi, C, de Vincenzi, M, Fasci, E, Furlanetto, E, Fuschino, F, Gadedjisso-Tossou, K, Gianfrani, L, Guffanti, D, Hillier, A, Ishida, K, King, P, Labanti, C, Maggi, V, Mazza, R, Menegolli, A, Mocchiutti, E, Moretti, L, Morgante, G, Niemela, J, Patrizi, B, Pirri, A, Pullia, A, Ramponi, R, Rignanese, L, Roman, H, Rossella, M, Sarkar, R, Sbrizzi, A, Stoilov, M, Stoychev, L, Suarez-Vargas, J, Toci, G, Tortora, L, Vallazza, E, Vannini, M, Xiao, C, Zampa, G, and Vacchi, A
Subjects: X-ray detector, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hyperfine splitting, Hadron, proton Zemach radiu, Radius, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Nuclear physics, Charge radius, Transfer rate, 0103 physical sciences, LaBr3:Ce scintillator, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Ground state, Hyperfine structure, muonic hydrogen, Exotic atom
Abstract: The FAMU experiment aims to measure for the first time the hyperfine splitting of the muonic hydrogen ground state. From this measurement the proton Zemach radius can be derived and this will shed light on the determination of the proton charge radius. In this paper, we describe the scientific goal, the method and the detailed preparatory work. This includes the outcome of preliminary measurements, subsequent refined simulations and the evaluation of the expected results. The experimental setup being built for the measurement of the hyperfine splitting to be performed at the RAL laboratory muon facility is also described.
Published: 2020

28. The XGIS instrument on-board THESEUS: Monte Carlo simulations for response, background, and sensitivity

Author: Valentina Fioretti, Enrico Virgilli, Riccardo Campana, Mauro Orlandini, F. Fuschino, John B. Stephen, Claudio Labanti, Sandro Mereghetti, Lorenzo Amati, and ITA
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Cosmic Vision, Spectrometer, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Albedo, Universe, Sky, Physics::Space Physics, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Aerospace engineering, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common
Abstract: The response of the X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) instrument onboard the Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) mission, selected by ESA for an assessment phase in the framework of the Cosmic Vision M5 launch opportunity, has been extensively modeled with a Monte Carlo Geant-4 based software. In this paper, the expected sources of background in the Low Earth Orbit foreseen for THESEUS are described (e.g. diffuse photon backgrounds, cosmic-ray populations, Earth albedo emission) and the simulated on-board background environment and its effects on the instrumental performance is shown., Proceedings of the SPIE 2020, paper 11444-275. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2101.03017
Published: 2020

29. The XGIS imaging system on board the THESEUS mission

Author: Lorenzo Amati, F. Fuschino, F. Evangelisti, Sandro Mereghetti, Luca Terenzi, M. D. Caballero-Garcia, Riccardo Campana, J. L. Gasent-Blesa, Victor Reglero, Pedro Rodríguez-Martínez, Mauro Orlandini, A. de Rosa, Filippo Frontera, J. Navarro-González, John B. Stephen, S. Squerzanti, Claudio Labanti, M. Melchiorri, P. Connell, Benjamin Pinazo-Herrero, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Gianluca Morgante, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, European Space Agency, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Science Centre (Poland), and Foundation for Polish Science
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Imaging techniques, X-ray transients, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, law.invention, X-ray astronomy, law, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Detector, Collimator, Upgrade, Signal multiplexing, Electromagnetic shielding, Gamma-ray bursts, Coded mask, business, Computer hardware
Abstract: Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray; Virtual, Online; United States; 14 December 2020 through 18 December 2020; Code 166330.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering Volume 11444, 2020, Article number 114448S.--Full list of authors: Gasent-Blesa, J. L.; Reglero, V.; Connell, P.; Pinazo-Herrero, B.; Navarro-González, J.; Rodríguez-Martínez, P.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Caballero-García, M. D.; Amati, L.; Labanti, C.; Mereghetti, S.; Frontera, F.; Campana, R.; Orlandini, M.; Stephen, J.; Terenzi, L.; Evangelisti, F.; Squerzanti, S.; Melchiorri, M.; Fuschino, F. De Rosa, A.; Morgante, G., Within the scientific goals of the THESEUS ESA/M5 candidate mission, a critical item is a fast (within a few s) and accurate (, THESEUS/XGIS instrument is supported by: the ASI-INAF Agreement n. 2018-29-HH.0; the OHB Italia/INAF-OASBo Agreement n.2331/2020/01; the European Space Agency ESA through the M5/NPMC Programme; the AHEAD2020 project funded by the UE through H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020; the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n, PID2019 109269RB-C41; the Polish National Science Centre, Project 2019/35/B/ST9/03944 and Foundation for Polish Science, Project POIR.04.04.00-00-5C65/17-00. The authors thank all the members of the THESEUS team involved in the development of XGIS instrument.
Published: 2020

30. AGILE Observations of Two Repeating Fast Radio Bursts with Low Intrinsic Dispersion Measures

Author: A. Pellizzoni, E. Costa, M. Tavani, A. Ursi, A. Giuliani, Martino Marisaldi, G. Piano, A. Morselli, M. Pilia, A. Ferrari, C. Casentini, F. Longo, F. Fuschino, A. Argan, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Feroci, Andrea Bulgarelli, L. A. Antonelli, G. Barbiellini, N. Parmiggiani, F. Paoletti, P. A. Caraveo, M. Cardillo, I. Donnarumma, F. Lazzarotto, A. W. Chen, Claudio Labanti, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, Francesco Lucarelli, C. Pittori, S. Vercellone, P. Lipari, Casentini, C., Verrecchia, F., Tavani, M., Ursi, A., Antonelli, L. A., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cardillo, M., Cattaneo, P. W., Chen, A., Costa, E., Donnarumma, I., Feroci, M., Ferrari, A., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Giuliani, A., Labanti, C., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Lucarelli, F., Marisaldi, M., Morselli, A., Paoletti, F., Parmiggiani, N., Pellizzoni, A., Piano, G., Pilia, M., Pittori, C., and Vercellone, S.
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Radio transient sources, Millisecond, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Magnetar, Gamma-ray transient sources, Luminosity, X-ray transient, Fast radio bursts, Gamma-ray Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Dispersion (optics), Magnetars, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing), Isotropic energy, Fast radio burst
Abstract: We focus on two repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) recently detected by the CHIME/FRB experiment in 2018--2019 (Source 1: 180916.J0158+65, and Source 2: 181030.J1054+73). These sources have low excess dispersion measures (DMs) ($ < 100 \rm \, pc \, cm^{-3}$ and $ < 20 \rm \, pc \, cm^{-3}$, respectively), implying relatively small maximal distances. They were repeatedly observed by AGILE in the MeV--GeV energy range. We do not detect prompt emission simultaneously with these repeating events. This search is particularly significant for the submillisecond and millisecond integrations obtainable by AGILE. The sources are constrained to emit a MeV-fluence in the millisecond range below $F'_{MeV} = 10^{-8} \, \rm erg \, cm^{-2}$ corresponding to an isotropic energy near $E_{MeV,UL} \simeq 2 \times 10^{46}\,$erg for a distance of 150 Mpc (applicable to Source 1). We also searched for $\gamma$-ray emission for time intervals up to 100 days, obtaining 3$\,\sigma$ upper limits (ULs) for the average isotropic luminosity above 50 MeV, $L_{\gamma,UL} \simeq \,$(5-10)$\,\times 10^{43} \rm \, erg \, s^{-1}$. For a source distance near 100 kpc (possibly applicable to Source 2), our ULs imply $E_{MeV,UL}\simeq10^{40} \rm erg$, and $L_{\gamma,UL} \simeq \,$2$\,\times 10^{37} \rm \, erg \, s^{-1}$. Our results are significant in constraining the high-energy emission of underlying sources such as magnetars, or other phenomena related to extragalactic compact objects, and show the prompt emission to be lower than the peak of the 2004 magnetar outburst of SGR 1806-20 for source distances less than about 100 Mpc., Comment: to be published in ApJL
Published: 2020

31. Measurement of the muon transfer rate from muonic hydrogen to oxygen in the range 70-336 K

Author: Massimiliano Clemenza, Miltcho B. Danailov, Dimitar Bakalov, M. Stoilov, D. Cirrincione, L. Stoychev, Luigi Moretti, A. de Bari, M. Rossella, L. Colace, Roberto Benocci, Livio Gianfrani, M. De Vincenzi, L. Tortora, K. S. Gadedjisso-Tossou, S. Monzani, Eugenio Fasci, L. P. Rignanese, E. Mocchiutti, A. Pullia, F. Fuschino, R. Mazza, M. Bonesini, Andrzej Adamczak, A. Sbrizzi, Valter Maggi, C. Pizzolotto, P. Danev, José J. Suárez-Vargas, A. Vacchi, E. Vallazza, C. De Vecchi, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Humberto Cabrera, Alessandro Menegolli, Joseph Niemela, M. Baruzzo, Roberta Ramponi, Claudio Labanti, K. Ishida, R. Bertoni, Gianluca Morgante, Pizzolotto C., Sbrizzi A., Adamczak A., Bakalov D., Baldazzi G., Baruzzo M., Benocci R., Bertoni R., Bonesini M., Cabrera H., Cirrincione D., Clemenza M., Colace L., Danailov M., Danev P., de Bari A., De Vecchi C., De Vincenzi M., Fasci E., Fuschino F., Gadedjisso-Tossou K.S., Gianfrani L., Ishida K., Labanti C., Maggi V., Mazza R., Menegolli A., Mocchiutti E., Monzani S., Moretti L., Morgante G., Niemela J., Pullia A., Ramponi R., Rignanese L.P., Rossella M., Stoilov M., Stoychev L., Suarez-Vargas J.J., Tortora L., Vallazza E., Vacchi A., Pizzolotto, C, Sbrizzi, A, Adamczak, A, Bakalov, D, Baldazzi, G, Baruzzo, M, Benocci, R, Bertoni, R, Bonesini, M, Cabrera, H, Cirrincione, D, Clemenza, M, Colace, L, Danailov, M, Danev, P, de Bari, A, De Vecchi, C, De Vincenzi, M, Fasci, E, Fuschino, F, Gadedjisso-Tossou, K, Gianfrani, L, Ishida, K, Labanti, C, Maggi, V, Mazza, R, Menegolli, A, Mocchiutti, E, Monzani, S, Moretti, L, Morgante, G, Niemela, J, Pullia, A, Ramponi, R, Rignanese, L, Rossella, M, Stoilov, M, Stoychev, L, Suarez-Vargas, J, Tortora, L, Vallazza, E, Vacchi, A, Pizzolotto, C., Sbrizzi, A., Adamczak, A., Bakalov, D., Baldazzi, G., Baruzzo, M., Benocci, R., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Cabrera, H., Cirrincione, D., Clemenza, M., Colace, L., Danailov, M., Danev, P., de Bari, A., De Vecchi, C., De Vincenzi, M., Fasci, E., Fuschino, F., Gadedjisso-Tossou, K. S., Gianfrani, L., Ishida, K., Labanti, C., Maggi, V., Mazza, R., Menegolli, A., Mocchiutti, E., Monzani, S., Moretti, L., Morgante, G., Niemela, J., Pullia, A., Ramponi, R., Rignanese, L. P., Rossella, M., Stoilov, M., Stoychev, L., Suarez-Vargas, J. J., Tortora, L., Vallazza, E., and Vacchi, A.
Subjects: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), LaBr, 3, (Ce), Muonic hydrogen, Muonic X-rays, Oxygen, Transfer rate, X-rays, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, X-ray, Transfer (computing), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Exotic atom, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Muonic X-ray, chemistry, LaBr3(Ce), Atomic physics
Abstract: The first measurement of the temperature dependence of the muon transfer rate from muonic hydrogen to oxygen was performed by the FAMU collaboration in 2016. The results provide evidence that the transfer rate rises with the temperature in the range 104-300 K. This paper presents the results of the experiment done in 2018 to extend the measurements towards lower (70 K) and higher (336 K) temperatures. The 2018 results confirm the temperature dependence of Λ p O observed in 2016 and sets firm ground for comparison with the theoretical predictions.
Published: 2021

32. The FLARES project: An innovative detector technology for rare events searches

Author: V. Bonvicini, L. P. Rignanese, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Silvia Capelli, I. Rashevskaya, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, Monica Sisti, Marco Feroci, Anna Vedda, A. Rachevski, M. Zuffa, Riccardo Campana, F. Fuschino, M. Beretta, Y. Evangelista, N. Zampa, Mauro Fasoli, Ezio Previtali, Claudio Labanti, Martino Marisaldi, L. Gironi, ITA, Capelli, S, Baldazzi, G, Beretta, M, Bonvicini, V, Campana, R, Evangelista, Y, Fasoli, M, Feroci, M, Fuschino, F, Gironi, L, Labanti, C, Marisaldi, M, Previtali, E, Rashevskaya, I, Rachevski, A, Rignanese, L, Sisti, M, Vacchi, A, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Zuffa, M, Capelli, S., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Beretta, M., Bonvicini, V., Campana, R., Evangelista, Y., Fasoli, M., Feroci, M., Fuschino, Fabio, Gironi, L., Labanti, C., Marisaldi, M., Previtali, E., Rashevskaya, I., Rachevski, A., Rignanese, LUIGI PIO, Sisti, M., Vacchi, A., Vedda, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zuffa, M.
Subjects: Scintillating crystal, Silicon, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon detector, Temperature Detector technology, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, Innovative project, Measurements of, Particle detectors, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Scintillating crystals, Silicon drift detectors, Instrumentation, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Optics, Low temperature production, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Rare events, Low temperature, Energy resolution, 010306 general physics, Scintillation, High potential, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, chemistry, Neutrinoless double-beta decay, business, Silicon drift detector, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: FLARES is an innovative project in the field of rare events searches, such as the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay. It aims at demonstrating the high potential of a technique that combines ultra-pure scintillating crystals with arrays of high performance silicon drift detectors, operated at about 120 K, to reach a 1% level energy resolution. The proposed technique will combine in a single device all the demanding features needed by an ideal experiment looking for rare events. The performance of a first production of matrices of silicon drift detectors as well as first measurements of the low temperature light yield of a selection of high purity scintillating crystals will be presented and discussed. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2017

33. The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

Author: ShuangNan Zhang, Andrea Santangelo, Marco Feroci, YuPeng Xu, FangJun Lu, Yong Chen, Hua Feng, Shu Zhang, Søren Brandt, Margarita Hernanz, Luca Baldini, Enrico Bozzo, Riccardo Campana, Alessandra De Rosa, YongWei Dong, Yuri Evangelista, Vladimir Karas, Norbert Meidinger, Aline Meuris, Kirpal Nandra, Teng Pan, Giovanni Pareschi, Piotr Orleanski, QiuShi Huang, Stephane Schanne, Giorgia Sironi, Daniele Spiga, Jiri Svoboda, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Christoph Tenzer, Andrea Vacchi, Silvia Zane, Dave Walton, ZhanShan Wang, Berend Winter, Xin Wu, Jean J. M. in’ t Zand, Mahdi Ahangarianabhari, Giovanni Ambrosi, Filippo Ambrosino, Marco Barbera, Stefano Basso, Jörg Bayer, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Bruna Bertucci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giacomo Borghi, XueLei Cao, Franck Cadoux, Francesco Ceraudo, TianXiang Chen, YuPeng Chen, Jerome Chevenez, Marta Civitani, Wei Cui, WeiWei Cui, Thomas Dauser, Ettore Del Monte, Sergio Di Cosimo, Sebastian Diebold, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovciak, YuanYuan Du, Lorenzo Ducci, QingMei Fan, Yannick Favre, Fabio Fuschino, José Luis Gálvez, Min Gao, MingYu Ge, Olivier Gevin, Marco Grassi, QuanYing Gu, YuDong Gu, DaWei Han, Bin Hong, Wei Hu, Long Ji, ShuMei Jia, WeiChun Jiang, Thomas Kennedy, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Irfan Kuvvetli, Claudio Labanti, Luca Latronico, Gang Li, MaoShun Li, Xian Li, Wei Li, ZhengWei Li, Olivier Limousin, HongWei Liu, XiaoJing Liu, Bo Lu, Tao Luo, Daniele Macera, Piero Malcovati, Adrian Martindale, Malgorzata Michalska, Bin Meng, Massimo Minuti, Alfredo Morbidini, Fabio Muleri, Stephane Paltani, Emanuele Perinati, Antonino Picciotto, Claudio Piemonte, JinLu Qu, Alexandre Rachevski, Irina Rashevskaya, Jerome Rodriguez, Thomas Schanz, ZhengXiang Shen, LiZhi Sheng, JiangBo Song, LiMing Song, Carmelo Sgro, Liang Sun, Ying Tan, Phil Uttley, Bo Wang, DianLong Wang, GuoFeng Wang, Juan Wang, LangPing Wang, YuSa Wang, Anna L. Watts, XiangYang Wen, Jörn Wilms, ShaoLin Xiong, JiaWei Yang, Sheng Yang, YanJi Yang, Nian Yu, WenDa Zhang, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, AiMei Zhang, ChengMo Zhang, Fan Zhang, Long Zhang, Tong Zhang, Yi Zhang, XiaoLi Zhang, ZiLiang Zhang, BaoSheng Zhao, ShiJie Zheng, YuPeng Zhou, Nicola Zorzi, J. Frans Zwart, ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, DNK, POL, CZE, CHN, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, eXTP, Zhang, ShuangNan, Santangelo, Andrea, Feroci, Marco, Xu, YuPeng, Lu, FangJun, Chen, Yong, Feng, Hua, Zhang, Shu, Brandt, Søren, Hernanz, Margarita, Baldini, Luca, Bozzo, Enrico, Campana, Riccardo, De Rosa, Alessandra, Dong, YongWei, Evangelista, Yuri, Karas, Vladimir, Meidinger, Norbert, Meuris, Aline, Nandra, Kirpal, Pan, Teng, Pareschi, Giovanni, Orleanski, Piotr, Huang, QiuShi, Schanne, Stephane, Sironi, Giorgia, Spiga, Daniele, Svoboda, Jiri, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Tenzer, Christoph, Vacchi, Andrea, Zane, Silvia, Walton, Dave, Wang, ZhanShan, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, in’ t Zand, Jean J. M., Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Barbera, Marco, Basso, Stefano, Bayer, Jörg, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghi, Giacomo, Cao, XueLei, Cadoux, Franck, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, TianXiang, Chen, YuPeng, Chevenez, Jerome, Civitani, Marta, Cui, Wei, Cui, WeiWei, Dauser, Thoma, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Diebold, Sebastian, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovciak, Michal, Du, YuanYuan, Ducci, Lorenzo, Fan, QingMei, Favre, Yannick, Fuschino, Fabio, Gálvez, José Lui, Gao, Min, Ge, MingYu, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Gu, QuanYing, Gu, YuDong, Han, DaWei, Hong, Bin, Hu, Wei, Ji, Long, Jia, ShuMei, Jiang, WeiChun, Kennedy, Thoma, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Labanti, Claudio, Latronico, Luca, Li, Gang, Li, MaoShun, Li, Xian, Li, Wei, Li, ZhengWei, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, HongWei, Liu, XiaoJing, Lu, Bo, Luo, Tao, Macera, Daniele, Malcovati, Piero, Martindale, Adrian, Michalska, Malgorzata, Meng, Bin, Minuti, Massimo, Morbidini, Alfredo, Muleri, Fabio, Paltani, Stephane, Perinati, Emanuele, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Qu, JinLu, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rodriguez, Jerome, Schanz, Thoma, Shen, ZhengXiang, Sheng, LiZhi, Song, JiangBo, Song, LiMing, Sgro, Carmelo, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Uttley, Phil, Wang, Bo, Wang, DianLong, Wang, GuoFeng, Wang, Juan, Wang, LangPing, Wang, YuSa, Watts, Anna L., Wen, XiangYang, Wilms, Jörn, Xiong, ShaoLin, Yang, JiaWei, Yang, Sheng, Yang, YanJi, Yu, Nian, Zhang, WenDa, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, AiMei, Zhang, ChengMo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, XiaoLi, Zhang, ZiLiang, Zhao, BaoSheng, Zheng, ShiJie, Zhou, YuPeng, Zorzi, Nicola, Zwart, J. Frans, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Gravity (chemistry), Computer science, space mission: eXTP, X-ray timing, Polarimetry, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics and Astronomy (all), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Observatory, X-ray instrumentation, 0103 physical sciences, X-ray polarimetry, Ground segment, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spacecraft, sezele, business.industry, Payload, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Space Science, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission - eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources. The paper provides a detailed description of: (1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload; (2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment., Accepted for publication on Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. (2019)
Published: 2019

34. Pixel Drift Detector (PixDD) – SIRIO: an X-ray spectroscopic system with high energy resolution at room temperature

Author: F. Mele, Claudio Labanti, Marco Feroci, Filippo Ambrosino, A. Rachevski, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Miriam Grassi, Michele Caselle, Y. Evangelista, A. Vacchi, Riccardo Campana, Piero Malcovati, A. Picciotto, P. Bellutti, M. Gandola, Francesco Ficorella, M. Fiorini, F. Fuschino, D. Cirrincione, Nicola Zorzi, N. Zampa, M. Sammartini, G. Zampa, Giacomo Borghi, I. Rashevskaya, and ITA
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, X-ray spectroscopy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Preamplifier, business.industry, Detector, Low noise amplifiers, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, Spectral line, Anode, Full width at half maximum, Optics, Charge sensitive preamplifiers, Semiconductor radiation detectors, Silicon drift detectors, 0103 physical sciences, business, Instrumentation, Noise (radio)
Abstract: An X-ray spectroscopic system composed of a novel Pixel Drift Detector (PixDD) and SIRIO charge sensitive preamplifier is presented. The PixDD prototype is a 4 × 4 matrix of 500 μ m × 500 μ m pixels, manufactured on a 450 μ m thick, 9 k Ω cm silicon wafer. The anode current of a pixel is 0.7 pA at +20 °C and decreases down to tens of fA for temperatures lower than 0 °C. The low current together with the low pixel capacitance (30 fF independent of the pixel area), make PixDD an extremely low noise detector. When PixDD is coupled to the ultra-low noise SIRIO CMOS preamplifier, intrinsic spectral line widths (pulser) of 51 eV FWHM (5.9 electrons r.m.s.) and 130 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV ( 55Fe) are obtained at +20 °C. If the system is slightly cooled down to 0 °C, the FWHMs decrease down to 38.5 eV (4.5 electrons r.m.s) and 127 eV for the pulser and the 5.9 keV line respectively. The high energy resolution of PixDD joined with its intrinsic position sensitivity and the possibility to sustain high photon fluxes open new perspectives in X-ray spectroscopic imaging in the 0.1 keV–20 keV energy range.
Published: 2019

35. Semi-empirical model for fluorescence lines evaluation in diagnostic x-ray beams

Author: Lucia Andreani, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Paulo Roberto Costa, Claudio Labanti, Pier Luca Rossi, Marco Bontempi, Bontempi, Marco, Andreani, Lucia, Labanti, Claudio, Costa, Paulo Roberto, Rossi, PIER LUCA, and Baldazzi, Giuseppe
Subjects: Photon, Electrons, Electron, Radiation, Direct radiation, Fluorescence, Spectral line, X-ray, Fluorescence line, Humans, Electron ionization, Photons, Bremsstrahlung, Chemistry, Models, Theoretical, Indirect radiation, Algorithm, Radiography, Atomic physics, Algorithms, Human
Abstract: Diagnostic x-ray beams are composed of bremsstrahlung and discrete fluorescence lines. The aim of this study is the development of an efficient model for the evaluation of the fluorescence lines. The most important electron ionization models are analyzed and implemented. The model results were compared with experimental data and with other independent spectra presented in the literature. The implemented peak models allow the discrimination between direct and indirect radiation emitted from tungsten anodes. The comparison with the independent literature spectra indicated a good agreement.
Published: 2016

36. AGILE and Konus-Wind Observations of GRB 190114C: The Remarkable Prompt and Early Afterglow Phases

Author: R. Aptekar, Francesco Lucarelli, V. Vittorini, F. Paoletti, Dmitry S. Svinkin, M. Feroci, C. Pittori, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Romani, D. Frederiks, P. A. Caraveo, F. Fuschino, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Tsvetkova, F. Lazzarotto, G. Piano, Martino Marisaldi, N. Parmiggiani, A. Morselli, F. Longo, M. Pilia, M. Cardillo, C. Casentini, E. Costa, Arnaud Ferrari, M. Tavani, A. Ursi, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, A. Giuliani, G. Barbiellini, Claudio Labanti, A. Trois, L. A. Antonelli, A. W. Chen, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, S. Vercellone, Ursi, A., Tavani, M., Frederiks, D. D., Romani, M., Verrecchia, F., Marisaldi, M., Aptekar, R. L., Antonelli, L. A., Argan, A., Bulgarelli, A., Barbiellini, G., Caraveo, P., Cardillo, M., Casentini, C., Cattaneo, P. W., Chen, A., Costa, E., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Ferrari, A., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Giuliani, A., Labanti, C., Lazzarotto, F., Longo, F., Lucarelli, F., Morselli, A., Paoletti, F., Parmiggiani, N., Piano, G., Pilia, M., Pittori, C., Svinkin, D. S., Trois, A., Tsvetkova, A. E., Vercellone, S., and Vittorini, V.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Gamma-ray transient sources, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Gamma-ray transient sources (1853), Adiabatic process, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy (628), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectral component, Afterglow, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-ray bursts (629), Gamma-ray bursts, Gamma-ray burst, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: GRB 190114C represents a breakthrough for the physics of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), being the first GRB with delayed emission above 300 GeV, as reported by MAGIC. We present in this paper the sub-MeV/MeV data of the prompt and early afterglow emissions of GRB 190114C, as detected by AGILE and Konus-Wind, in the 20 keV-100 MeV energy range. The first stages of the burst exhibit multiple emission components, associated with an interesting spectral evolution. The first 2 s of the prompt emission can be described by a single "Band-like" spectral component. The successive 4 s show the presence of an additional high-energy spectral component, which quickly evolves into a "hard-flat" component of the νFν spectrum, extending up to 10-100 MeV and likely produced by inverse Compton radiation, whose onset and evolution are clearly shown in our data. After this phase, the νFν spectrum evolves into a "V shape," showing the persistence and spectral hardening of the additional high-energy component in substantial agreement with Fermi and Swift results. We also analyze the first ∼200 s of the early afterglow that show a reflaring episode near T0 + 15 s. We identify a new, so-far-unnoticed flux temporal break near T0 + 100 s, which is detected in hard X-rays by both Konus-Wind and INTEGRAL/SPI-ACS. We find this break incompatible with the commonly assumed adiabatic evolution of a fireball in a constant-density medium. We interpret this break as a consequence of radiative evolution of the early afterglow from a fireball expanding in a wind-like circumburst medium.
Published: 2020

37. The wide field monitor and spectrometer instrument on board the ASTENA satellite mission concept

Author: Lorenzo Amati, F. Fuschino, Claudio Labanti, G. De Cesare, Ezio Caroli, Filippo Frontera, E. Virgili, Mauro Orlandini, Piero Rosati, Riccardo Campana, and ITA
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Scintillator, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Satellite, business
Abstract: The ASTENA mission concept under study in the framework of the H2020 AHEAD project includes a wide field monitor and spectrometer (WFM/S), mainly dedicated to GRBs. The instrument, composed by different units, is sensitive in the range 1 keV – 20 MeV. The total isotropic detection area will be ~3.0 m2 with a FOV of about 1.35 sr. The WFM will allow the detection and spectroscopic and polarimetric characterization of all classes of GRBs. Each module is a coded mask telescope that will allow the source localization within few arcmin up to 50–100 keV. The detector core is based on the coupling of low-noise, solid-state Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) with CsI(Tl) scintillator bars. Low-energy and highenergy photons are discriminated using the on-board electronics. The instrument design and preliminary experimental characterizations are reported and discussed.
Published: 2018

38. THESEUS: A key space mission concept for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

Author: F. Fuschino, Ruben Salvaterra, F. Frontera, M. Branchesi, Bruce Gendre, U. Maio, Stefano Covino, Tomaz Rodic, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Serena Vinciguerra, D. Mereghetti, Andrea Rossi, Lorenzo Amati, Diego Götz, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Monica Colpi, Roberto Mignani, P. D'Avanzo, Riccardo Campana, Eliana Palazzi, Andrea Bulgarelli, M. G. Bernardini, Valerio D'Elia, Jochen Greiner, Elisabetta Maiorano, Enzo Brocato, Joseph Caruana, Piero Rosati, R. L. C. Starling, Nial Tanvir, Riccardo Ciolfi, G. Stratta, S. D. Vergani, S. Colafrancesco, Claudio Labanti, Bing Zhang, Dorottya Szécsi, M. Razzano, Enrico Bozzo, Antonio Stamerra, D. Malesani, René Hudec, Francesco Longo, Luciano Rezzolla, S. Piranomonte, M. de Pasquale, Richard Willingale, B. Patricelli, J. P. Osborne, P. T. O'Brien, Peter G. Jonker, Luciano Nicastro, C. Guidorzi, Aniello Grado, M. Boer, Alessandro Drago, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, Carole Mundell, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano (IASF-MI), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), ISDC Data Centre for Astrophysics, University of Geneva [Switzerland], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), University of Ferrara [Ferrara], Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), INAF-IASF Milano, Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASI-Science Data Center, Rome, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Dark Cosmology Centre (DARK), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (ASU / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THESEUS, Stratta, G., Ciolfi, R., Amati, L., Bozzo, E., Ghirlanda, G., Maiorano, E., Nicastro, L., Rossi, A., Vinciguerra, S., Frontera, F., Götz, D., Guidorzi, C., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Tanvir, N., Branchesi, M., Brocato, E., Dainotti, M. G., De Pasquale, M., Grado, A., Greiner, J., Longo, F., Maio, U., Mereghetti, D., Mignani, R., Piranomonte, S., Rezzolla, L., Salvaterra, R., Starling, R., Willingale, R., Böer, M., Bulgarelli, A., Caruana, J., Colafrancesco, S., Colpi, M., Covino, S., D'Avanzo, P., D'Elia, V., Drago, A., Fuschino, F., Gendre, B., Hudec, R., Jonker, P., Labanti, C., Malesani, D., Mundell, C. G., Palazzi, E., Patricelli, B., Razzano, M., Campana, R., Rosati, P., Rodic, T., Szécsi, D., Stamerra, A., van Putten, M., Vergani, S., Zhang, B., Bernardini, M., Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Stratta, G, Ciolfi, R, Amati, L, Bozzo, E, Ghirlanda, G, Maiorano, E, Nicastro, L, Rossi, A, Vinciguerra, S, Frontera, F, Götz, D, Guidorzi, C, O'Brien, P, Osborne, J, Tanvir, N, Branchesi, M, Brocato, E, Dainotti, M, De Pasquale, M, Grado, A, Greiner, J, Longo, F, Maio, U, Mereghetti, D, Mignani, R, Piranomonte, S, Rezzolla, L, Salvaterra, R, Starling, R, Willingale, R, Böer, M, Bulgarelli, A, Caruana, J, Colafrancesco, S, Colpi, M, Covino, S, D'Avanzo, P, D'Elia, V, Drago, A, Fuschino, F, Gendre, B, Hudec, R, Jonker, P, Labanti, C, Malesani, D, Mundell, C, Palazzi, E, Patricelli, B, Razzano, M, Campana, R, Rosati, P, Rodic, T, Szécsi, D, Stamerra, A, van Putten, M, Vergani, S, Zhang, B, and Bernardini, M
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Computer science, Astronomy, Astronomical and space-research instrumentation, Gamma-ray bursts, Gamma-ray sources, X-ray bursts, X-ray sources, Aerospace Engineering, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Economica, astronomical and space-research instrumentation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [PHYS]Physics [physics], energy: high, gamma-ray bursts, Gamma-ray source, neutrino: detector, Geophysics, Upgrade, Neutrino detector, upgrade, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic Vision, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), frequency: high, X-ray source, 0103 physical sciences, gravitational radiation: frequency, Gamma-ray burst, X-ray burst, gamma-ray sources, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, family: 3, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational radiation detector, Universe, messenger, electromagnetic, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The recent discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart of the gravitational wave source GW170817, has demonstrated the huge informative power of multi-messenger observations. During the next decade the nascent field of multi-messenger astronomy will mature significantly. Around 2030, third generation gravitational wave detectors will be roughly ten times more sensitive than the current ones. At the same time, neutrino detectors currently upgrading to multi km^3 telescopes, will include a 10 km^3 facility in the Southern hemisphere that is expected to be operational around 2030. In this review, we describe the most promising high frequency gravitational wave and neutrino sources that will be detected in the next two decades. In this context, we show the important role of the Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS), a mission concept proposed to ESA by a large international collaboration in response to the call for the Cosmic Vision Programme M5 missions. THESEUS aims at providing a substantial advancement in early Universe science as well as playing a fundamental role in multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics, operating in strong synergy with future gravitational wave and neutrino detectors as well as major ground- and space-based telescopes. This review is an extension of the THESEUS white paper (Amati et al. 2017), also in light of the discovery of GW170817/GRB170817A that was announced on October 16th, 2017., Comment: 25 pages, 13 figures, accepted to Advances in Space Research with minor revisions. Details on the THESEUS instrumentation, science case and expected performances can also be found in Amati et al. 2017 (arXiv:1710.04638) and in the presentations of the THESEUS Workshop 2017 (http://www.isdc.unige.ch/theseus/workshop2017-programme.html). v2 few typos corrected
Published: 2018

39. The wide field monitor onboard the eXTP mission

Author: Irina Rashevskaya, Andrea Vacchi, Alexander Rachevski, Niels Lund, Carl Budtz-Jorgensen, Ettore Del Monte, Andrea Argan, F. Ambrosino, Tianxiang Cheng, Shu Zhang, Fanjung Lu, Frans Zwart, Chris Tenzer, José Luis Gálvez, Yuri Evangelista, Enrico Bozzo, Yupeng Xu, Aline Meris, Olivier Limousin, Nicola Zorzi, Antonino Picciotto, Francesco Ficorella, Giacomo Borghi, Pierluigi Bellutti, Nicola Zampa, Gianluigi Zampa, Claudio Labanti, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, Carlos Mansanet, Poul Erik Olsen, Shuangnan Zhang, Jean in't Zand, Xin Wu, Stéphane Schanne, Andrea Santangelo, Piotr Orleański, Marco Feroci, Margarita Hernanz, Søren K. Brandt, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and eXTP
Subjects: Computer science, X-ray timing, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Silicon Drift Detectors, Field of view, Context (language use), coded mask imaging, compact objects, eXTP, gamma-ray bursts, LOFT, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, Suite, Detector, Orbit (dynamics), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry) mission is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and China National Space Administration (CNSA) currently performing an extended phase A study and proposed for a launch by 2025 in a low-earth orbit. The eXTP scientific payload envisages a suite of instruments (Spectroscopy Focusing Array, Polarimetry Focusing Array, Large Area Detector and Wide Field Monitor) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. A large European consortium is contributing to the eXTP study and it is expected to provide key hardware elements, including a Wide Field Monitor (WFM). The WFM instrument for eXTP is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission within the ESA context. The eXTP/WFM envisages a wide field X-ray monitor system in the 2-50 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors. The WFM will consist of 3 pairs of coded mask cameras with a total combined Field of View (FoV) of 90x180 degrees at zero response and a source localization accuracy of ~1 arcmin. In this paper we provide an overview of the WFM instrument design, including new elements with respect to the earlier LOFT configuration, and anticipated performance., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, to appear in proceedings of SPIE, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
Published: 2018

40. The Narrow Field telescope on board the ASTENA mission (Conference Presentation)

Author: Lorenzo Amati, Irfan Kuvvetli, Angela Malizia, Loredana Bassani, Filippo Frontera, Enrico Virgilli, S. Silvestri, Natalia Auricchio, C. Guidorzi, Rui M. Curado da Silva, Piero Rosati, Riccardo Campana, Mauro Orlandini, A. Basili, Claudio Labanti, F. Fuschino, Søren Brandt, John B. Stephen, Ezio Caroli, and Carl Budtz-Jørgensen
Subjects: Telescope, On board, Presentation, Engineering, Field (physics), law, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, business, law.invention, media_common
Published: 2018

41. The advanced surveyor of transient events and nuclear astrophysics (ASTENA) mission within the AHEAD project (Conference Presentation)

Author: Mauro Orlandini, C. Guidorzi, Natalia Auricchio, Rui M. Curado da Silva, Piero Rosati, Lorenzo Amati, Filippo Frontera, Enrico Virgilli, Søren Brandt, Irfan Kuvvetli, Loredana Bassani, John B. Stephen, Claudio Labanti, Carl Budtz-Jørgensen, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Angela Malizia, Riccardo Campana, Ezio Caroli, F. Fuschino, and Roberto Gilli
Subjects: Physics, Telescope, Photon, Spectrometer, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear astrophysics, Astrophysics, Blazar, Magnetar, Gamma-ray burst, Afterglow, law.invention
Abstract: Within the AHEAD consortium a mission concept named ASTENA (Advanced Surveyor of Transient Events and Nuclear Astrophysics) is proposed to address the top-priority themes identified by the AHEAD Science Advisory Group: Gamma-Ray Bursts and Nuclear Astrophysics. GRBs are among the most intriguing phenomena of the Universe, which thanks to their vast luminosities can be used to probe the first billion years of cosmic history, i.e. the era of first stars and black-holes. In spite of great advancements in the GRB astronomy since the BeppoSAX discovery of afterglows, several issues concerning both the prompt emission and the afterglow are still open. Concerning the prompt emission, for example, the emission mechanism of the radiation and the energy dissipation site (internal shocks? external shocks? photosphere?) are far from being understood. What is required is an accurate determination of the photon spectrum from few keV up to tens of MeV, and importantly, a measurement of the polarization of the radiation. The emission of the afterglow has been deeply investigated with Swift in the energy band from 0.5 to 10 keV, showing that an understanding of the origin of the emission mechanism requires spectral information extending to much higher energies, as already suggested by a few studies at < 60 keV (e.g., Kouveliotou et al. 2013, ApJ 779, L1). Landmark progress on this issue therefore requires polarization capabilities and a passband extending well beyond 60 keV. Concerning nuclear astrophysics, a fundamental issue concerns the origin of the 511 keV positron annihilation line discovered with INTEGRAL/SPI in the Galactic center. According to the INTEGRAL results the emission is diffuse, but the poor imaging capability of INTEGRAL (at the best with a resolution of 12 arcmin with ISGRI) does not allow one to establish whether what appears diffuse is indeed the superposition of the emission from point-like sources, such as micro-quasars. The important role played by micro-quasars as sources of positron annihilation line emission has also been established with INTEGRAL (Siegert et al. 2016, Nature 531, 341). Another open issue in nuclear astrophysics concerns the determination and understanding of the nuclear burning processes in Type-1a supernovae. This requires a study of the intensity and time behavior of the expected lines emitted by the heavy elements produced in supernova explosions. Instrument concept to address the IWG requirements. With the above considerations in mind, we propose to perform a feasibility study of a configuration of two instruments: a) a wide field monitor/spectrometer (WFM/S), with a passband from 1 keV to 20 MeV, made of a suitable number of detection modules, each consisting of an array of long bars of scintillator with very small cross section, and readout from both sides with solid state thin detectors (e.g. Silicon Drift Detectors, SDD). One of the SDD is used as soft X-ray Position Sensitive Detector. A possible crystal material is CsI(Tl), but also other faster crystals such as LSO(Ce) or CeBr3 should be examined. The detector modules are coupled to a light coded mask, for obtaining a GRB localization accuracy of order of ~1 arcmin between 1 and 30/50 keV. The number of modules, equipped with collimators, should be sufficient to achieve the required sensitivity to GRBs. The order of magnitude of the total detection area is 18000 cm2. The modules are slightly misaligned with each other tin order o achieve a wide FOV (> 1 sr). b) a narrow field telescope (NFT), made of a broad-band Laue lens (50 – 600/700 keV) of a 20 m focal length, based on the exploitation of bent crystals, like those under development in Ferrara (FOV= 3.5 arcmin, angular resolution ≈20”). The NFT is coupled to a high efficiency (>80% above 600 keV) focal plane position sensitive detector, with 3D spatial resolution of at least 300 µm in the (X,Y) plane, fine spectroscopic response (1% @511 keV) and with polarization sensitivity. With the WFM/S, we expect to accurately determine the energy spectrum of GRB prompt emission in the broadest band ever achieved with a single instrument, to measure the gamma-ray polarization of, at least, the brightest GRBs and to search for electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Wave events. In addition, with adequate scintillator bars and fast electronics, the Lorentz invariance for the brightest events can be tested. With the NFT, which is >~100 times more sensitive at a few hundred keV than any other past or planned mission, we can carry out for the first time a long-sought study of the afterglow spectrum of GRBs up to high energies (600/700 keV), including its polarization level. We can also establish, thanks to its high angular resolution (about 20”), whether the 511 keV positron annihilation line is due to the superposition of emission from point-like sources. In addition, we can address many Legacy Science topics mentioned in the Call, such as the origin of the high energy emission from magnetars, the first determination of the spectrum of blazars out to z~8 in between the two Synchrotron and Compton bumps, the determination of the sources that give rise to the gamma-ray diffuse background. For example, one could determine the high-energy cutoff from spectra of relatively bright AGN and study how this depends on the physics of the accretion (e.g. BH mass, Eddington ratio). We emphasize that the unprecedented sensitivity of the NFT and the combination with the WFM/S implies a large discovery space of this configuration. Moreover, such an instrument concept, thanks to the lightweight of the Laue lens and compactness of the wide field instrument, is expected to be within the limits imposed by an ESA Medium Size Mission.
Published: 2018

42. HERMES: a swarm of nano-satellites for high energy astrophysics and fundamental physics

Author: Fabrizio Fiore, Claudio Labanti, Marco Feroci, Michelle R. Lavagna, Tiziana Di Salvo, Luciano Burderi, and Simone Pirrotta
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, High-energy astronomy, Nano, Fundamental physics, Swarm behaviour, Aerospace engineering, business
Published: 2018

43. First FAMU observation of muon transfer from μp atoms to higher-Z elements

Author: L. Tortora, A. Vacchi, L. Colace, Maurizio Bonesini, A. Tomaselli, M. Rossella, Anselmo Margotti, E. Vallazza, Claudio Labanti, D. Guffanti, G. Zampa, R. Mazza, A. Curioni, T. Cervi, P. Danev, R. Carbone, Germano Baldazzi, Ezio Previtali, Paolo Rossi, Roberto Benocci, R. Bertoni, M. Furini, K. S. Gadedjisso-Tossou, L. Stoychev, Miltcho B. Danailov, Dimitar Bakalov, Giovanni Baccolo, M. Stoilov, K. Ishida, F. Fuschino, E. Furlanetto, L. P. Rignanese, M. Moretti, Gianluca Morgante, R. Nardò, Massimiliano Nastasi, G. Campana, C. De Vecchi, F. Chignoli, M. De Vincenzi, I. D'Antone, Andrzej Adamczak, C. Pizzolotto, E. Mocchiutti, A. Iaciofano, S. Meneghini, F. Somma, Valter Maggi, M. Zuffa, Alessandro Menegolli, A. Rachevski, A. de Bari, M. Clemenza, V. Bonvicini, Joseph Niemela, Roberta Ramponi, Mocchiutti, E., Bonvicini, V., Carbone, R., Danailov, M., Furlanetto, E., Gadedjisso-Tossou, K.S., Guffanti, D., Pizzolotto, C., Rachevski, A., Stoychev, L., Vallazza, E., Zampa, G., Niemela, J., Ishida, K., Adamczak, A., Baccolo, G., Benocci, R., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Chignoli, F., Clemenza, M., Curioni, A., Maggi, V., Mazza, R., Moretti, M., Nastasi, M., Previtali, E., Bakalov, D., Danev, P., Stoilov, M., Baldazzi, G., Campana, G., D'Antone, I., Furini, M., Fuschino, F., Labanti, C., Margotti, A., Meneghini, S., Morgante, G., Rignanese, L.P., Rossi, P.L., Zuffa, M., Cervi, T., Bari, A.D., Menegolli, A., Vecchi, C.D., Nardò, R., Rossella, M., Tomaselli, A., Colace, L., Vincenzi, M.D., Iaciofano, A., Somma, F., Tortora, L., Ramponi, R., Vacchi, A., Gadedjisso-Tossou, K. S., Baldazzi, Germano, Rignanese, L. P., Rossi, P. L., Bari, A. De, Vecchi, C. De, Vincenzi, M. De, Iaciofano, Alfredo, Mocchiutti, E, Bonvicini, V, Carbone, R, Danailov, M, Furlanetto, E, Gadedjisso-Tossou, K, Guffanti, D, Pizzolotto, C, Rachevski, A, Stoychev, L, Vallazza, E, Zampa, G, Niemela, J, Ishidaf, K, Adamczak, A, Baccolo, G, Benocci, R, Bertoni, R, Bonesini, M, Chignoli, F, Clemenza, M, Curioni, A, Maggi, V, Mazza, R, Moretti, M, Nastasi, M, Previtali, E, Bakalov, D, Danev, P, Stoilov, M, Baldazzi, G, Campana, G, D'Antone, I, Furini, M, Fuschino, F, Labanti, C, Margotti, A, Meneghini, S, Morgante, G, Rignanese, L, Rossi, P, Zuffa, M, Cervi, T, De Bari, A, Menegolli, A, De Vecchi, C, Nardò, R, Rossella, M, Tomaselli, A, Colace, L, De Vincenzi, M, Iaciofano, A, Somma, F, Tortora, L, and Vacchi, R
Subjects: X-ray detector, Pressurized ga, Ground state, chemistry.chemical_element, Charged particle, Measurements of, Atom, 01 natural sciences, Timing detectors, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Hyperfine structure, Mathematical Physics, Exotic atom, X rays, Hyperfine splitting, Physics, Kinetic, Argon, Muon, Rutherford appleton laboratorie, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Muonic hydrogen, X-ray detectors, Transfer rates, X ray detector, Carbon, chemistry, Carbon dioxide, Timing detector, Excited state, Analysis and statistical methods, Physics::Accelerator Physics, X ray apparatu, Analysis and statistical method, Kinetic energy, Beam (structure), Muon transfer rate
Abstract: The FAMU experiment aims to accurately measure the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the muonic hydrogen atom. A measurement of the transfer rate of muons from hydrogen to heavier gases is necessary for this purpose. In June 2014, within a preliminary experiment, a pressurized gas-target was exposed to the pulsed low-energy muon beam at the RIKEN RAL muon facility (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K.). The main goal of the test was the characterization of both the noise induced by the pulsed beam and the X-ray detectors. The apparatus, to some extent rudimental, has served admirably to this task. Technical results have been published that prove the validity of the choices made and pave the way for the next steps. This paper presents the results of physical relevance of measurements of the muon transfer rate to carbon dioxide, oxygen, and argon from non-thermalized excited μp atoms. The analysis methodology and the approach to the systematics errors are useful for the subsequent study of the transfer rate as function of the kinetic energy of the μp currently under way. © 2018 The Author(s).
Published: 2018

44. The e-ASTROGAM gamma-ray space observatory for the multimessenger astronomy of the 2030s

Author: Koji Nakazawa, F. Longo, A. Brogna, Andrei M. Bykov, J. Peyré, J. M. Paredes, A. A. Zdziarski, M. Hernanz, D. de Martino, Paolo De Coppi, Irfan Kuvvetli, M. Roncadelli, I. Donnarumma, A. De Angelis, I. Grenier, B. Patricelli, Vincent Tatischeff, G. Piano, Marco Tavani, Elisa Bernardini, M. Pohl, S. Ciprini, Carl Budtz-Jørgensen, Marco Ajello, P. von Ballmoos, J. Kiener, D. J. Thompson, Philippe Laurent, A. Aboudan, Jürgen Knödlseder, P. Cumani, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Lorraine Hanlon, Stefan Funk, Michele Doro, Martino Marisaldi, J. E. Grove, R. Rando, Gabriele Ghisellini, R. M. Curado da Silva, A. A. Moiseev, V. Bonvicini, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Julie McEnery, Gottfried Kanbach, A. Argan, Mark D. Leising, Roland Diehl, O. Limousin, Andrea Bulgarelli, Manuela Mallamaci, M. Cardillo, M. Branchesi, Xin Wu, A. Morselli, Sandro Mereghetti, Mark Pearce, R. Turolla, G. Minervini, R. Walter, C. Hamadache, Dieter H. Hartmann, Valentina Fioretti, Piotr Orleanski, A. Vacchi, A. Ulyanov, G. Ambrosi, Karl Mannheim, Ferdinando Giordano, D. Bernard, N. M. Mazziotta, Riccardo Campana, Uwe Oberlack, Jordi Isern, M. Hayashida, Andreas Zoglauer, Claudio Labanti, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, e-ASTROGAM, FRA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Tatischeff, V., De Angelis, A., Tavani, M., Grenier, I., Oberlack, U., Hanlon, L., Walter, R., Argan, A., Von Ballmoos, P., Bulgarelli, A., Donnarumma, I., Hernanz, M., Kuvvetli, I., Mallamaci, M., Pearce, M., Zdziarski, A., Aboudan, A., Ajello, M., Ambrosi, G., Bernard, D., Bernardini, E., Bonvicini, V., Brogna, A., Branchesi, M., Budtz-Jorgensen, C., Bykov, A., Campana, R., Cardillo, M., Ciprini, S., Coppi, P., Cumani, P., Curado Da Silva, R. M., De Martino, D., Diehl, R., Doro, M., Fioretti, V., Funk, S., Ghisellini, G., Grove, J. E., Giordano, F., Hamadache, C., Hartmann, D. H., Hayashida, M., Isern, J., Kanbach, G., Kiener, J., Knodlseder, J., Labanti, C., Laurent, P., Leising, M., Limousin, O., Longo, F., Mannheim, K., Marisaldi, M., Martinez, M., Mazziotta, N. M., Mcenery, J. E., Mereghetti, S., Minervini, G., Moiseev, A., Morselli, A., Nakazawa, K., Orleanski, P., Paredes, J. M., Patricelli, B., Peyre, J., Piano, G., Pohl, M., Rando, R., Roncadelli, M., Tavecchio, F., Thompson, D. J., Turolla, R., Ulyanov, A., Vacchi, A., Wu, X., Zoglauer, A., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, High-energy astrophysical phenomena, Compton and pair creation telescope, Gamma-ray astronomy, gamma-ray polarization, high-energy astrophysical phenomena, space mission, time-domain astronomy, energy resolution, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Space mission, law.invention, IceCube, Einstein Telescope, law, Observatory, LIGO, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, KM3NeT, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Applied Mathematics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Gamma-ray polarization, Condensed Matter Physics, photon: energy, observatory, Nuclear astrophysics, Apace mission, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, performance, detector: technology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: burst, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, supernova, Electronic, calorimeter, gamma ray: detector, Optical and Magnetic Materials, KAGRA, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Time domain astronomy, LISA, Astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Time-domain astronomy, sensitivity, messenger, VIRGO, 13. Climate action, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, ddc:520, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: e-ASTROGAM is a concept for a breakthrough observatory space mission carrying a gamma-ray telescope dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.15 MeV to 3 GeV. The lower energy limit can be pushed down to energies as low as 30 keV for gamma-ray burst detection with the calorimeter. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with remarkable polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous and current generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will be a major player of the multiwavelength, multimessenger time-domain astronomy of the 2030s, and provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LISA, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer, IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT, SKA, ALMA, JWST, E-ELT, LSST, Athena, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to the proceedings of the conference SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. v2: corrections of authors' affiliations
Published: 2018

45. The THESEUS space mission concept: science case, design and expected performances

Author: Martino Marisaldi, Enrico Bozzo, Valerie Connaughton, Dorottya Szécsi, D. Malesani, L. Maraschi, B. Cordier, P. D'Avanzo, Salvatore Capozziello, Darach Watson, C. Contini, Maryam Modjaz, Pierluigi Bellutti, M. de Pasquale, C. Guidorzi, Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge, O. Boulade, C. Adami, Y. Evangelista, A. Argan, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Y.-W. Dong, Poshak Gandhi, Allan Hornstrup, Eliana Palazzi, Andrea Bulgarelli, Andrea Comastri, E. Geza, Luciano Burderi, Giuseppe Malaguti, D. de Martino, Irfan Kuvvetli, S.-N. Zhang, Claudio Labanti, Fiamma Capitanio, Luca Izzo, Bradley Cenko, A. Melandri, Umberto Maio, Nicola Omodei, Stefano Ettori, C. Butler, S. D. Vergani, S. Zhang, Lajos G. Balázs, Patricia Schady, Federica B. Bianco, M. Branchesi, Jens Hjorth, Jochen Greiner, Felix Ryde, Jean-Gabriel Cuby, Piero Malcovati, Lorraine Hanlon, Peter G. Jonker, M. Della Valle, Elena Pian, Piotr Orleanski, Etienne Renotte, W. Skidmore, L. Sabau-Graziati, Mauro Dadina, Carl Budtz-Jørgensen, Tomaz Rodic, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Luigi Piro, Sheila McBreen, M. Fiorini, M. Topinka, Jan Harms, Riccardo Ciolfi, Yi Chen, Giacomo Vianello, Ester Piedipalumbo, Zsolt Bagoly, Aniello Grado, Yuki Kaneko, Vito Sguera, B. Morelli, E. Le Floc'h, Luciano Rezzolla, K. Wiersema, Remo Ruffini, E. Del Monte, J. P. Osborne, M. G. Bernardini, A. Gomboc, A. De Luca, Stefano Covino, Ian Hutchinson, A. Antonelli, Enzo Brocato, Mark R. Sims, M. Razzano, Elisabetta Maiorano, Jean-Luc Atteia, J. Zicha, S. Korpela, Eros Vanzella, V. D'Elia, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Marco Feroci, Carole Mundell, A. V. Penacchioni, J. Soomin, Gabriele Ghisellini, Sandra Savaglio, N. Shigehiro, Andrea Santangelo, Antonio Martin-Carrillo, Avishay Gal-Yam, A. M. Read, Piergiorgio Casella, Giuseppe Baldazzi, B. Ciardi, Pawan Kumar, Li Song, V. Lebrun, G. Zampa, Daisuke Yonetoku, S. Vojtech, Gregor Rauw, Piero Rosati, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Bruce Gendre, Tsvi Piran, A. Rachevski, S. Basa, T. Li, Michela Uslenghi, Gianluca Morgante, Michèle Lavagna, Pascal Chardonnet, Andrew MacFadyen, Asaf Pe'er, Sandro Mereghetti, Alessandro Drago, M. Hafizi, Richard Willingale, D. Morris, Bing Zhang, Paolo Giommi, Andrea Ferrara, Mauro Orlandini, Maria Giovanna Dainotti, N. Masetti, Yuji Urata, Maxim Lyutikov, A. Vacchi, László L. Kiss, E. Campolongo, M. Boer, Lorenzo Amati, Diego Götz, Andrew Blain, M. T. Botticella, C. Tenzer, Monica Colpi, Victor Reglero, Roberto Mignani, Michael S. Briggs, Joseph Caruana, Elizabeth R. Stanway, S. Colafrancesco, Francesca Panessa, H. U. Nargaard-Nielsen, F. Lu, Giuseppe Bertuccio, A. Paizis, P. Romano, S. Vercellone, Luciano Nicastro, S. Paltani, G. Pareschi, G. Stratta, V. Petrosian, João Braga, N. Zampa, Nial Tanvir, James E. Rhoads, Raffaella Margutti, Luca Valenziano, Søren Brandt, S. Boci, Andrea Rossi, Paul J. Callanan, Annalisa Celotti, N. Kawai, René Hudec, Francesco Longo, Primo Attina, G. L. Israel, F. Fuschino, Fabio Finelli, M. Hernanz, Ruben Salvaterra, F. Frontera, P. T. O'Brien, Sergio Campana, Rupal Basak, Riccardo Campana, Eleonora Troja, Jordan Camp, Petr Páta, S. Piranomonte, G. Tagliaferri, Sylvain Guiriec, R. L. C. Starling, B. B. Zhang, Natalia Auricchio, Serena Vinciguerra, Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, European Commission, Czech Grant Agency, ITA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), THESEUS, Amati, L, O'Brien, P, Götz, D, Bozzo, E, Tenzer, C, Frontera, F, Ghirlanda, G, Labanti, C, Osborne, J, Stratta, G, Tanvir, N, Willingale, R, Attina, P, Campana, R, Castro-Tirado, A, Contini, C, Fuschino, F, Gomboc, A, Hudec, R, Orleanski, P, Renotte, E, Rodic, T, Bagoly, Z, Blain, A, Callanan, P, Covino, S, Ferrara, A, Le Floch, E, Marisaldi, M, Mereghetti, S, Rosati, P, Vacchi, A, D'Avanzo, P, Giommi, P, Piranomonte, S, Piro, L, Reglero, V, Rossi, A, Santangelo, A, Salvaterra, R, Tagliaferri, G, Vergani, S, Vinciguerra, S, Briggs, M, Campolongo, E, Ciolfi, R, Connaughton, V, Cordier, B, Morelli, B, Orlandini, M, Adami, C, Argan, A, Atteia, J, Auricchio, N, Balazs, L, Baldazzi, G, Basa, S, Basak, R, Bellutti, P, Bernardini, M, Bertuccio, G, Braga, J, Branchesi, M, Brandt, S, Brocato, E, Budtz-Jorgensen, C, Bulgarelli, A, Burderi, L, Camp, J, Capozziello, S, Caruana, J, Casella, P, Cenko, B, Chardonnet, P, Ciardi, B, Colafrancesco, S, Dainotti, M, D'Elia, V, De Martino, D, De Pasquale, M, Del Monte, E, Della Valle, M, Drago, A, Evangelista, Y, Feroci, M, Finelli, F, Fiorini, M, Fynbo, J, Gal-Yam, A, Gendre, B, Ghisellini, G, Grado, A, Guidorzi, C, Hafizi, M, Hanlon, L, Hjorth, J, Izzo, L, Kiss, L, Kumar, P, Kuvvetli, I, Lavagna, M, Li, T, Longo, F, Lyutikov, M, Maio, U, Maiorano, E, Malcovati, P, Malesani, D, Margutti, R, Martin-Carrillo, A, Masetti, N, Mcbreen, S, Mignani, R, Morgante, G, Mundell, C, Nargaard-Nielsen, H, Nicastro, L, Palazzi, E, Paltani, S, Panessa, F, Pareschi, G, Pe'Er, A, Penacchioni, A, Pian, E, Piedipalumbo, E, Piran, T, Rauw, G, Razzano, M, Read, A, Rezzolla, L, Romano, P, Ruffini, R, Savaglio, S, Sguera, V, Schady, P, Skidmore, W, Song, L, Stanway, E, Starling, R, Topinka, M, Troja, E, van Putten, M, Vanzella, E, Vercellone, S, Wilson-Hodge, C, Yonetoku, D, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Zhang, B, Zhang, S, Antonelli, A, Bianco, F, Boci, S, Boer, M, Botticella, M, Boulade, O, Butler, C, Campana, S, Capitanio, F, Celotti, A, Chen, Y, Colpi, M, Comastri, A, Cuby, J, Dadina, M, De Luca, A, Dong, Y, Ettori, S, Gandhi, P, Geza, E, Greiner, J, Guiriec, S, Harms, J, Hernanz, M, Hornstrup, A, Hutchinson, I, Israel, G, Jonker, P, Kaneko, Y, Kawai, N, Wiersema, K, Korpela, S, Lebrun, V, Lu, F, Macfadyen, A, Malaguti, G, Maraschi, L, Melandri, A, Modjaz, M, Morris, D, Omodei, N, Paizis, A, Páta, P, Petrosian, V, Rachevski, A, Rhoads, J, Ryde, F, Sabau-Graziati, L, Shigehiro, N, Sims, M, Soomin, J, Szécsi, D, Urata, Y, Uslenghi, M, Valenziano, L, Vianello, G, Vojtech, S, Watson, D, Zicha, J, Amati, L., O'Brien, P., Götz, D., Bozzo, E., Tenzer, C., Frontera, F., Ghirlanda, G., Labanti, C., Osborne, J. P., Stratta, G., Tanvir, N., Willingale, R., Attina, P., Campana, R., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Contini, C., Fuschino, F., Gomboc, A., Hudec, R., Orleanski, P., Renotte, E., Rodic, T., Bagoly, Z., Blain, A., Callanan, P., Covino, S., Ferrara, A., Le Floch, E., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Rosati, P., Vacchi, A., D'Avanzo, P., Giommi, P., Piranomonte, S., Piro, L., Reglero, V., Rossi, A., Santangelo, A., Salvaterra, R., Tagliaferri, G., Vergani, S., Vinciguerra, S., Briggs, M., Campolongo, E., Ciolfi, R., Connaughton, V., Cordier, B., Morelli, B., Orlandini, M., Adami, C., Argan, A., Atteia, J. -L., Auricchio, N., Balazs, L., Baldazzi, G., Basa, S., Basak, R., Gian Luca, Israel, Bellutti, P., Bernardini, M. G., Bertuccio, G., Braga, J., Branchesi, M., Brandt, S., Brocato, E., Budtz-Jorgensen, C., Bulgarelli, A., Burderi, L., Camp, J., Capozziello, S., Caruana, J., Casella, P., Cenko, B., Chardonnet, P., Ciardi, B., Colafrancesco, S., Dainotti, M. G., D'Elia, V., De Martino, D., De Pasquale, M., Del Monte, E., Della Valle, M., Drago, A., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Finelli, F., Fiorini, M., Fynbo, J., Gal-Yam, A., Gendre, B., Ghisellini, G., Grado, A., Guidorzi, C., Hafizi, M., Hanlon, L., Hjorth, J., Izzo, L., Kiss, L., Kumar, P., Kuvvetli, I., Lavagna, M., Li, T., Longo, F., Lyutikov, M., Maio, U., Maiorano, E., Malcovati, P., Malesani, D., Margutti, R., Martin-Carrillo, A., Masetti, N., Mcbreen, S., Mignani, R., Morgante, G., Mundell, C., Nargaard-Nielsen, H. U., Nicastro, L., Palazzi, E., Paltani, S., Panessa, F., Pareschi, G., Pe'Er, A., Penacchioni, A. V., Pian, E., Piedipalumbo, E., Piran, T., Rauw, G., Razzano, M., Read, A., Rezzolla, L., Romano, P., Ruffini, R., Savaglio, S., Sguera, V., Schady, P., Skidmore, W., Song, L., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Topinka, M., Troja, E., van Putten, M., Vanzella, E., Vercellone, S., Wilson-Hodge, C., Yonetoku, D., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zhang, B., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, S., Zhang, S. -N., Antonelli, A., Bianco, F., Boci, S., Boer, M., Botticella, M. T., Boulade, O., Butler, C., Campana, S., Capitanio, F., Celotti, A., Chen, Y., Colpi, M., Comastri, A., Cuby, J. -G., Dadina, M., De Luca, A., Dong, Y. -W., Ettori, S., Gandhi, P., Geza, E., Greiner, J., Guiriec, S., Harms, J., Hernanz, M., Hornstrup, A., Hutchinson, I., Israel, G., Jonker, P., Kaneko, Y., Kawai, N., Wiersema, K., Korpela, S., Lebrun, V., Lu, F., Macfadyen, A., Malaguti, G., Maraschi, L., Melandri, A., Modjaz, M., Morris, D., Omodei, N., Paizis, A., Páta, P., Petrosian, V., Rachevski, A., Rhoads, J., Ryde, F., Sabau-Graziati, L., Shigehiro, N., Sims, M., Soomin, J., Szécsi, D., Urata, Y., Uslenghi, M., Valenziano, L., Vianello, G., Vojtech, S., Watson, D., Zicha, J., Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE31-0003,BEaPro,Using the most powerful explosion as probes of the high-redshift Universe(2016), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation ( GEPI ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique ( LAPTH ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Gotz, D., Pata, P., Szecsi, D., Department of Physics, and Amati, L. and O'Brien, P. and Götz, D. and Bozzo, E. and Tenzer, C. and Frontera, F. and Ghirlanda, G. and Labanti, C. and Osborne, J.P. and Stratta, G. and Tanvir, N. and Willingale, R. and Attina, P. and Campana, R. and Castro-Tirado, A.J. and Contini, C. and Fuschino, F. and Gomboc, A. and Hudec, R. and Orleanski, P. and Renotte, E. and Rodic, T. and Bagoly, Z. and Blain, A. and Callanan, P. and Covino, S. and Ferrara, A. and Le Floch, E. and Marisaldi, M. and Mereghetti, S. and Rosati, P. and Vacchi, A. and D'Avanzo, P. and Giommi, P. and Piranomonte, S. and Piro, L. and Reglero, V. and Rossi, A. and Santangelo, A. and Salvaterra, R. and Tagliaferri, G. and Vergani, S. and Vinciguerra, S. and Briggs, M. and Campolongo, E. and Ciolfi, R. and Connaughton, V. and Cordier, B. and Morelli, B. and Orlandini, M. and Adami, C. and Argan, A. and Atteia, J.-L. and Auricchio, N. and Balazs, L. and Baldazzi, G. and Basa, S. and Basak, R. and Bellutti, P. and Bernardini, M.G. and Bertuccio, G. and Braga, J. and Branchesi, M. and Brandt, S. and Brocato, E. and Budtz-Jorgensen, C. and Bulgarelli, A. and Burderi, L. and Camp, J. and Capozziello, S. and Caruana, J. and Casella, P. and Cenko, B. and Chardonnet, P. and Ciardi, B. and Colafrancesco, S. and Dainotti, M.G. and D'Elia, V. and De Martino, D. and De Pasquale, M. and Del Monte, E. and Della Valle, M. and Drago, A. and Evangelista, Y. and Feroci, M. and Finelli, F. and Fiorini, M. and Fynbo, J. and Gal-Yam, A. and Gendre, B. and Ghisellini, G. and Grado, A. and Guidorzi, C. and Hafizi, M. and Hanlon, L. and Hjorth, J. and Izzo, L. and Kiss, L. and Kumar, P. and Kuvvetli, I. and Lavagna, M. and Li, T. and Longo, F. and Lyutikov, M. and Maio, U. and Maiorano, E. and Malcovati, P. and Malesani, D. and Margutti, R. and Martin-Carrillo, A. and Masetti, N. and McBreen, S. and Mignani, R. and Morgante, G. and Mundell, C. and Nargaard-Nielsen, H.U. and Nicastro, L. and Palazzi, E. and Paltani, S. and Panessa, F. and Pareschi, G. and Pe'er, A. and Penacchioni, A.V. and Pian, E. and Piedipalumbo, E. and Piran, T. and Rauw, G. and Razzano, M. and Read, A. and Rezzolla, L. and Romano, P. and Ruffini, R. and Savaglio, S. and Sguera, V. and Schady, P. and Skidmore, W. and Song, L. and Stanway, E. and Starling, R. and Topinka, M. and Troja, E. and van Putten, M. and Vanzella, E. and Vercellone, S. and Wilson-Hodge, C. and Yonetoku, D. and Zampa, G. and Zampa, N. and Zhang, B. and Zhang, B.B. and Zhang, S. and Zhang, S.-N. and Antonelli, A. and Bianco, F. and Boci, S. and Boer, M. and Botticella, M.T. and Boulade, O. and Butler, C. and Campana, S. and Capitanio, F. and Celotti, A. and Chen, Y. and Colpi, M. and Comastri, A. and Cuby, J.-G. and Dadina, M. and De Luca, A. and Dong, Y.-W. and Ettori, S. and Gandhi, P. and Geza, E. and Greiner, J. and Guiriec, S. and Harms, J. and Hernanz, M. and Hornstrup, A. and Hutchinson, I. and Israel, G. and Jonker, P. and Kaneko, Y. and Kawai, N. and Wiersema, K. and Korpela, S. and Lebrun, V. and Lu, F. and MacFadyen, A. and Malaguti, G. and Maraschi, L. and Melandri, A. and Modjaz, M. and Morris, D. and Omodei, N. and Paizis, A. and Páta, P. and Petrosian, V. and Rachevski, A. and Rhoads, J. and Ryde, F. and Sabau-Graziati, L. and Shigehiro, N. and Sims, M. and Soomin, J. and Szécsi, D. and Urata, Y. and Uslenghi, M. and Valenziano, L. and Vianello, G. and Vojtech, S. and Watson, D. and Zicha, J.
Subjects: Ionization, Atmospheric Science, cosmological model, Cherenkov Telescope Array, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy, Dark age, MASSIVE SINGLE STARS, Star formation rates, Gamma ray, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology: observation, localization, law.invention, Astrophysic, Einstein Telescope, observational cosmology, law, Observational cosmology, Re-ionization, Cosmology: observations, Dark ages, First stars, Gamma-ray: bursts, LIGO, observations [Cosmology], Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High sensitivity, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Multi-wavelength, energy: high, sezele, gamma-ray bursts, Aerospace Engineering, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, imaging, star: formation, burst [Gamma-ray], observatory, Geophysics, X rays, Cosmology: observation, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, signature, Star, TIDAL DISRUPTION, Gamma-ray: burst, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SIMILAR-TO 6, Socio-culturale, FOS: Physical sciences, observation [Cosmology], galaxy: luminosity, X-ray astronomy: instrumentation, 7 CANDIDATE GALAXIES, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: burst, 114 Physical sciences, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, X-ray, bursts [Gamma-ray], FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, First star, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], KAGRA, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, LIGHT CURVES, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, redshift, sensitivity, Redshift, NEUTRON-STAR MERGER, messenger, VIRGO, electromagnetic, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, BLACK-HOLE, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Gamma-ray burst, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: THESEUS is a space mission concept aimed at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. These goals will be achieved through a unique combination of instruments allowing GRB and X-ray transient detection over a broad field of view (more than 1sr) with 0.5¿1 arcmin localization, an energy band extending from several MeV down to 0.3¿keV and high sensitivity to transient sources in the soft X-ray domain, as well as on-board prompt (few minutes) follow-up with a 0.7¿m class IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capabilities. THESEUS will be perfectly suited for addressing the main open issues in cosmology such as, e.g., star formation rate and metallicity evolution of the inter-stellar and intra-galactic medium up to redshift 10, signatures of Pop III stars, sources and physics of re-ionization, and the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. In addition, it will provide unprecedented capability to monitor the X-ray variable sky, thus detecting, localizing, and identifying the electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational radiation, which may be routinely detected in the late ¿20s/early ¿30s by next generation facilities like aLIGO/ aVirgo, eLISA, KAGRA, and Einstein Telescope. THESEUS will also provide powerful synergies with the next generation of multi-wavelength observatories (e.g., LSST, ELT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA).© 2018 COSPAR, S.E. acknowledges the financial support from contracts ASI-INAF 1/009/10/0, NARO15 ASI-INAF 1/037/12/0 and ASI 2015-046-R.0. R.H. acknowledges GACR grant 13-33324S. S.V. research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 606176. D.S. was supported by the Czech grant 1601116S GA CR. Maria Giovanna Dainotti acknowledges funding from the European Union through the Marie Curie Action FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, under grant agreement No. 626267 (>Cosmological Candles>).
Published: 2018

46. The e-ASTROGAM mission: Exploring the extreme Universe with gamma rays in the MeV â GeV range

Author: Barbara Patricelli, V. Bonvicini, Riccardo Rando, Sandro Mereghetti, Andrea Vacchi, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Claudio Labanti, Jordi Isern, M. Hayashida, Josep M. Paredes, J. Eric Grove, C. Hamadache, Andreas Zoglauer, Olivier Limousin, Julie McEnery, Andrei M. Bykov, G. Ambrosi, D. de Martino, Francesco Longo, Irfan Kuvvetli, Alexander Moiseev, Xin Wu, Fabrizio Tavecchio, I. Donnarumma, M. I. Martínez, Marco Tavani, J. Peyré, Elisa Bernardini, A. Argan, Roland Walter, J. Kiener, Piotr Orleanski, Mark Pearce, Ignasi Reichardt, A. Morselli, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, Martino Marisaldi, Vincent Tatischeff, Andrea Bulgarelli, Marica Branchesi, Uwe Oberlack, Rui Curado da Silva, Dieter H. Hartmann, Lorraine Hanlon, Philippe Laurent, Marco Ajello, D. Bernard, Valentina Fioretti, Martin Pohl, Alessio Aboudan, Gottfried Kanbach, Alessandro De Angelis, Gabriele Ghisellini, Stefan Funk, Peter von Ballmoos, Michele Doro, M. N. Mazziotta, Marco Roncadelli, Harald Ramarijaona, Roland Diehl, Margarita Hernanz, Alexei Ulyanov, G. Minervini, G. Piano, Riccardo Campana, Carl Budtz-Jørgensen, D. J. Thompson, M. Cardillo, Paolo De Coppi, Karl Mannheim, Roberto Turolla, Jürgen Knödlseder, Isabelle Grenier, A. Brogna, De Angelis, A., Tatischeff, V., Tavani, M., Oberlack, U., Grenier, I., Hanlon, L., Walter, R., Argan, A., von Ballmoos, P., Bulgarelli, A., Donnarumma, I., Hernanz, M., Kuvvetli, I., Pearce, M., Zdziarski, A., Aboudan, A., Ajello, M., Ambrosi, G., Bernard, D., Bernardini, E., Bonvicini, V., Brogna, A., Branchesi, M., Budtz-Jorgensen, C., Bykov, A., Campana, R., Cardillo, M., Coppi, P., De Martino, D., Diehl, R., Doro, M., Fioretti, V., Funk, S., Ghisellini, G., Grove, E., Hamadache, C., Hartmann, D. H., Hayashida, M., Isern, J., Kanbach, G., Kiener, J., Knödlseder, J., Labanti, C., Laurent, P., Limousin, O., Longo, F., Mannheim, K., Marisaldi, M., Martinez, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J., Mereghetti, S., Minervini, G., Moiseev, A., Morselli, A., Nakazawa, K., Orleanski, P., Paredes, J. M., Patricelli, B., Peyré, J., Piano, G., Pohl, M., Ramarijaona, H., Rando, R., Reichardt, I., Roncadelli, M., Silva, R., Tavecchio, F., Thompson, D. J., Turolla, R., Ulyanov, A., Vacchi, A., Wu, X., Zoglauer, A., and ITA
Subjects: Counterparts of gravitational wave, Multiwavelength Observations of the Universe, 01 natural sciences, Early Universe, Observatory, Jets, Nuclear Astrophysics, Nuclear astrophysics, Dark Matter, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Astrophysic, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Counterparts of gravitational waves, Gamma-Ray Burst, Cosmic Rays, Compton and Pair Creation Telescope, Supernovae, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High-Energy Astrophysics, Active Galactic Nuclei, Cosmic Antimatter, Fermi, Gamma-Ray Bursts, High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy, Nucleosynthesis, Outflows, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Active galactic nucleus, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cosmic Ray, High-Energy Astrophysic, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Nucleosynthesi, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Outflow, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Universe, Galaxy, Jet, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: e-ASTROGAM (`enhanced ASTROGAM') is a breakthrough Observatory mission dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.3 MeV to 3 GeV. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with polarimetric capability. In the largely unexplored MeV-GeV domain, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on Galactic ecosystems. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous generation instruments, will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LIGO-Virgo-GEO600-KAGRA, SKA, ALMA, E-ELT, TMT, LSST, JWST, Athena, CTA, IceCube, KM3NeT, and the promise of eLISA. Keywords: High-energy gamma-ray astronomy, High-energy astrophysics, Nuclear Astrophysics, Compton and Pair creation telescope, Gamma-ray bursts, Active Galactic Nuclei, Jets, Outflows, Multiwavelength observations of the Universe, Counterparts of gravitational waves, Fermi, Dark Matter, Nucleosynthesis, Early Universe, Supernovae, Cosmic Rays, Cosmic antimatter., Comment: Exp Astron (2017)
Published: 2017

47. The LaBr3(Ce) based detection system for the FAMU experiment

Author: M. Furini, M. Zuffa, Pier Luca Rossi, I. D'Antone, A. Rachevski, L. P. Rignanese, E. Mocchiutti, A. Vacchi, A. Margotti, G. Zampa, Claudio Labanti, E. Vallazza, Giuseppe Baldazzi, S. Meneghini, Gianluca Morgante, F. Fuschino, N. Zampa, Baldazzi, G., Vacchi, A., Labanti, C., Morgante, G., Fuschino, F., Rignanese, L.P., Rossi, P.L., Mocchiutti, E., Zampa, N., Zampa, G., Rachevski, A., Vallazza, E., D'Antone, I., Zuffa, M., Meneghini, S., Margotti, A., and Furini, M.
Subjects: Signal processing, Detector readout, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Ground state, Charged particle, Atom, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Timing detectors, Spectrometer, Hyperfine splitting, Optics, Photomultiplier tube, Front-end electronics for detector readout, 0103 physical sciences, Digital signal processing (DSP), Pulsed muon beam, 010306 general physics, Spectrometers, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Voltage dividers, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Voltage divider, Detector, High voltage, Digital signal processing, Spectrometers Circular support, High-precision measurement, Timing detector, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The FAMU experiment is devoted to the high precision measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the muonic-hydrogen atom ground state using a pulsed and intense muon beam; it requires careful technological choices both in the construction of the gas target and of the detectors. In the last three years, the cryogenic gas target was developed and used for experimental measurement sessions, with the low energy pulsed muon beam (55-65 MeV), at the RIKEN-RAL (U.K.) muon facility. At the same time, eight LaBr3(Ce) based detectors have been developed to be accommodated in a circular support surrounding the target. The readout for each detector consists of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) equipped with an improved fully active high voltage divider and a Digital Pulse Processor (DPP) performing noise reduction with an optimal (triangular) filter. The active voltage divider, together with the DPP, allow to operate at high speed while retaining all the spectrometric properties of the LaBr3(Ce) scintillator. In this paper, the development of this innovative high-performance detection system is presented. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.
Published: 2017

48. Radiation tests of single photon avalanche diode for space applications

Author: Massimo Ghioni, Francesco Moscatelli, Piera Maccagnani, Davide Bolognini, Danilo Rubini, M. Prest, Ivan Rech, Angelo Gulinatti, Georg Simmerle, Claudio Labanti, Andrea Candelori, Andrea Giudice, Xiaoli Sun, Martino Marisaldi, John F. Cavanaugh, Serena Mattiazzo, F. Fuschino, and Alessandro Berra
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Single photon detection, Photodetector, IRRADIATION FACILITY, Radiation, Optics, Space-qualified detectors, Radiation hardness, DETECTORS, Irradiation, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, PROTON IRRADIATION, Diode, DAMAGE, Physics, sezele, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, PHOTODIODES, Gamma ray, DEFECTS, Single-photon avalanche diode, NEUTRON-IRRADIATION, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have been recently studied as photodetectors for applications in space missions. In this presentation we report the results of radiation hardness test on large area SPAD (actual results refer to SPADs having 500 mu m diameter). Dark counts rate as low as few kHz at -10 degrees C has been obtained for the 500 mu m devices, before irradiation. We performed bulk damage and total dose radiation tests with protons and gamma-rays in order to evaluate their radiation hardness properties and their suitability for application in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space mission. With this aim SPAD devices have been irradiated using up to 20 krad total dose with gamma-rays and 5 krad with protons. The test performed show that large area SPADs are very sensitive to proton doses as low as 2 x 10(8) (1 MeV eq) n/cm(2) with a significant increase in dark counts rate (DCR) as well as in the manifestation of the "random telegraph signal" effect. Annealing studies at room temperature (RT) and at 80 degrees C have been carried out, showing a high decrease of DCR after 24-48 h at RT. Lower protons doses in the range 1-10 x 10(7) (1 MeV eq) n/cm(2) result in a lower increase of DCR suggesting that the large-area SPADs tested in this study are well suitable for application in low-inclination LEO, particularly useful for gamma-ray astrophysics. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013

49. Characterization of a LaBr3scintillator with multi-cell Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) readout

Author: Pierluigi Bellutti, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ficorella, G. C. Gangemi, I. Rashevskaya, Claudio Labanti, Nicola Zorzi, F. Fuschino, Sergio Fabiani, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Alexander Rashevsky, I. Elmi, Y. Evangelista, Luciano Burderi, C. Piemonte, G. Borghi, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, Martino Marisaldi, L. P. Rignanese, Marco Feroci, Fuschino, Fabio, Labanti, C., Campana, R., Gangemi, G. C., Marisaldi, M., Rignanese, L. P., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Elmi, I., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Rashevsky, A., Vacchi, A., Rashevskaya, I., Fabiani, S., Zorzi, N., Piemonte, C., Bellutti, P., Ficorella, F., Borghi, G., and Burderi, L.
Subjects: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Silicon drift detector, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, scintillation X and gamma-ray detector, LaBr3(Ce), Silicon Drift Detector, Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Gamma ray, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: A scintillation gamma-ray detector, composed of a commercial 0.5" thick, 0.5" diameter LaBr3(Ce) crystal coupled to a 7-cell hexagonal Silicon Drift Detector has been developed and tested. The characterization with X-rays and gamma rays is presented and discussed also within the context of the optical properties of the readout system. A final comparison between our results and state of the art is also discussed in order to propose this prototype for astrophysical applications. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 2016

50. The XGS instrument on-board THESEUS

Author: F. Fuschino, I. Rashevskaya, Michela Uslenghi, Filippo Frontera, A. Rachevski, G. Zampa, Pierluigi Bellutti, C. Piemonte, Martino Marisaldi, A. Vacchi, I. Elmi, Lorenzo Amati, Y. Evangelista, N. Zampa, L. P. Rignanese, Riccardo Campana, M. Fiorini, Marco Feroci, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Claudio Labanti, ITA, Fuschino, Fabio, Campana, R., Labanti, C., Marisaldi, M., Amati, L., Fiorini, M., Uslenghi, M., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Evangelista, Y., Elmi, I., Feroci, M., Frontera, Filippo, Rachevski, A., Rignanese, LUIGI PIO, Vacchi, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Rashevskaya, I., Bellutti, P., and Piemonte, C.
Subjects: History, Engineering, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation, Detector, Electrical engineering, Scintillator, Space exploration, Computer Science Applications, Education, Physics and Astronomy (all), Stack (abstract data type), Position (vector), Electronic engineering, Electronics, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Consolidated techniques used for space-borne X-ray and gamma-ray instruments are based on the use of scintillators coupled to Silicon photo-detectors. This technology associated with modern very low noise read-out electronics allows the design of innovative architectures able to reduce drastically the system complexity and power consumption, also with a moderate-to-high number of channels. These detector architectures can be exploited in the design of space instrumentation for gamma-spectroscopy with the benefit of possible smart background rejection strategies. We describe a detector prototype with 3D imaging capabilities to be employed in future gamma-ray and particle space missions in the 0.002-100 MeV energy range. The instrument is based on a stack of scintillating bars read out by Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) at both ends. The spatial segmentation and the crystal double-side readout allow a 3D position reconstruction with ∼3 mm accuracy within the full active volume, using a 2D readout along the two external faces of the detector. Furthermore, one of the side of SDDs can be used simultaneously to detect X-rays in the 2-30 keV energy range. The characteristics of this instrument make it suitable in next generation gamma-ray and particle space missions for Earth or outer space observations, and it will be briefly illustrated.
Published: 2016

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