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Abstract Since wound healing requires cells to repopulate a damaged area, cell migration is essential. In addition, migration plays a crucial role in cancer metastasis. Whether tumour cells can invade tissue and metastasize is a crucial factor determining their malignancy or in other words a hallmark of cancer (Lazebnik in Nat Rev Cancer 10: 232–233, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2827 ). Nanodiamonds potentially offer a powerful tool to investigate these migration processes. Due to their unprecedented photostability, they can function as long-term fluorescent labels. Besides, nanodiamonds are robust quantum sensors that can reveal, for instance, the temperature or the concentration of certain chemicals with nanoscale resolution. However, to utilise nanodiamonds to study cell migration, it is essential to understand if and how the presence of nanodiamonds influences cell migration. Here, we investigate this process for the first time. We found that nanodiamonds do not alter the speed at which HeLa cells populate a scratch at any tested concentrations. Furthermore, we tested cell attachment by quantifying focal adhesion points. Oxygen-terminated fluorescent nanodiamonds influence the cell spreading, the number of focal adhesions and the size of focal adhesion points. Interestingly, this is different for other types of nanodiamonds in the literature. For these particles, it has been described in the literature that they hinder cell migration. Our results support that fluorescent nanodiamonds do not influence cell migration strongly and thus can be used in labelling and sensing migrating cells. Graphical Abstract

Background. The vegetative material for in vitro establishment of avocado explants is from the field, for this reason, the proportion of contamination, oxidation and mortality of explants is elevated, therefore we are looking for alternatives to decreased. Objective. To evaluate concentrations of alternative products for disinfestation in avocado explants cv Duke 7, and decrease oxidation with the addition of L-cysteine in the in vitro establishment. Methodology. The products used were: peroxyacetic acid (AP), chlorine dioxide (DC), and quaternary ammonium salts (ACS), in three concentrations. 54 explants were used in each treatment, and placed in culture medium for establishment, evaluating contamination (%) and oxidation (%). Two weeks later, 50% of viable explants from each treatment were immersed in L-cysteine (100 mgL-1) and placed in a culture medium for multiplication, the rest was placed a in multiplication medium containing L-cysteine; only oxidation was evaluated (%). Contaminated explants were isolated, identified, and characterized fungi and bacteria. Results. The best results of the disinfestation were with ACS with 3.7% contamination, without oxidation. Regarding the use of L-cysteine (100 mgL-1), the lowest percentage of oxidation (47%) was obtained when immersed in a cysteine solution. Three genera of fungi were identified: Aspergillus (3), Penicillium (1) and Cladosporium (1), and Agrobacterium as a bacterium. Implications. With the proposed methodology, we can continue with the following stages of in vitro culture, to establish methodologies for budding, growth, and rooting of avocado clonal rootstocks. Conclusions. The use of ACS and cysteine in solution reduces both contamination and oxidation of explants, but it is necessary to modify concentrations and exposure times in the disinfestation protocol, in addition to identifying even the genus the microorganisms found.

Nanodiamonds are increasingly popular in biomedical applications, including optical labelling, drug delivery and nanoscale sensing. Potential new applications are in studying infertility or labelling sperm cells. However, for these applications, it is necessary that nanodiamonds are inert and do not alter sperm properties. In this article, we assessed the biocompatibility of nanodiamonds in detail. We investigated different sizes and concentrations of nanodiamonds and sperm preparation methods. We evaluated if the metabolic activity, membrane integrity, morphology and formation of reactive oxygen species were altered. These parameters were tested for sperm cells in their uncapacitated and capacitated states. Unfortunately, FNDs are not universally biocompatible. Generally, cells in the capacitated state are more prone to stress. Additionally, larger particles and lower concentrations are tolerated better than smaller and higher concentrated particles.

In this article, a fuzzy logic solar tracker was designed and implemented to increase the efficiency of a photovoltaic system by updating the position of the panel throughout the day for optimal use of solar radiation. In the design and implementation of the solar tracker, different control strategies were analyzed, concluding that the fuzzy control satisfies all the requirements of the photovoltaic system with a solar tracker, the developed prototype underwent different tests in a determined period of time to validate the performance of the solar tracker. system compared to one with a fixed position, achieving an increase of 40% compared to fixed solar systems.

Solar energy has been widely studied due to the sun being considered the most important source of renewable energy, at this time. The most promising opportunity for us is in modeling solar energy for different applications. This article shows a modified Angstrom model to estimate solar radiation in northwestern Mexico (southwest United States). The algorithm developed here for the prediction of solar radiation is based on the Angstrom model, along with a historical database and polynomial regression models. One of the final applications of the regression models is to simulate the performance of photovoltaic installations and solar collectors in the Ciudad Juárez region. This document presents the simulation of a polycrystalline cell applying the regression models of solar radiation obtained. Finally, we perform a statistical analysis between the estimated model and the reference data from the Mean Square Error (RMSE).

La violencia dentro de las cárceles chilenas es una problemática que existe tanto en cárceles de hombres como de mujeres. Sin embargo, los estudios en población femenina en esta materia son limitados. De tal forma, esta investigación analiza los factores presentes en la manifestación del comportamiento violento en hombres y mujeres privados de libertad, para lo cual se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 98 mujeres y a 174 hombres en dos centros penitenciarios de Santiago, Chile. Los datos son analizados usando estadísticas descriptivas. Se indaga respecto a las variables sociodemográficas, conducta delictiva, salud física y mental, servicios y condiciones estructurales en prisión, manifestación de conductas violentas dentro de la cárcel, resolución de problemas y rol de grupos de pares. Los resultados muestran la presencia de consumo de drogas al interior de la prisión, enfermedades de salud mental, un acceso limitado a tratamientos de drogas y a programas de apresto laboral o capacitación. Las formas de agresiones son distintas entre grupos, pero las motivaciones son similares.

Although viruses are known to modify the free radical concentration in infected cells, the exact location and concentrations of such changes remain unknown. Although this information is important to understand the virus pathogenesis and design better anti-viral drugs or vaccines, obtaining it with the conventional free radical/ROS detection techniques is impossible. Here, we elucidate the utility of diamond magnetometry for studying the free radical response of baby hamster kidney-21 cells upon Semliki Forest virus infection. Specifically, we optically probe the alterations in free radical concentration near infectious viruses via measuring the spin–lattice relaxation (T1) of NV defect ensembles embedded in intracellular nanodiamonds. We performed measurements both at random locations as well as close to the virus entry by conjugating viruses to nanodiamond sensors. We observed alterations of T1, which represent the intracellular free radical concentration during the viral replication process. Moreover, relaxometry is also used to monitor real-time free radical variation during the early infectious process.

Introducción: La importancia de medir la calidad de vida radica en el estrecho vínculo que existe entre la misma, la mortalidad y la morbilidad en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis; por lo que es de suma importancia saber cómo están percibiendo su condición de salud durante el tratamiento de sustitución renal. Objetivo: Comprender el significado de calidad de vida para una persona mayor sometida a hemodiálisis y su cuidadora principal. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo con enfoque fenomenológico, que se llevó a cabo por medio de la realización de entrevistas en profundidad dirigidas a una persona mayor sometida a tratamiento de hemodiálisis y a su cuidadora principal. Posteriormente, se efectuó transcripción textual de cada una de las entrevistas previamente grabadas. Resultados: Los resultados se clasificaron según dimensiones de calidad de vida, los cuales fueron: social, actividades de la vida diaria, salud, sistemas de salud, bienestar material y se agregó una categoría emergente llamada pandemia de acuerdo a la situación epidemiológica actual. El término calidad de vida para las participantes de la investigación, fue descrito como “vivir saludable, sin presencia de enfermedades”. Conclusión: La aplicación correcta de los tratamientos y contar con un personal de enfermería formado en hemodiálisis permitiría proporcionar educación, intervenciones, apoyo y un acompañamiento apropiado, lo que es fundamental, para abordar y favorecer el bienestar biopsicosocial y espiritual.

At present, the use of electricity generation systems through alternative sources of energy is continuously increasing, due to the increase in global energy demand, and a trend in which CO2 emissions are being reduced. As a result of these trends, the implementation of these energy sources has increased steadily in the last quarter of a century. For the integration of these alternative forms of electricity generation to be adequate, especially in the use of solar energy and wind energy, because it is necessary to condition them, it has become latent the need to implement electronic power devices such as inverters (continuous current - alternating current), which currently seek to have small, medium and high power sources of electricity, which meet the requirements of efficiency, quality and safety established by the Commission Federal de Electrician (CFE). In the present work, the design and the implementation of a DC/AC converter (direct current - alternating current) using a topology for the inverter of cascaded H - bridges with independent DC sources in a multilevel configuration of 11 voltage levels of control. Applying the technique of the Selective Harmonic Elimination modulation, technique that allows it by Fourier series analysis appropriately chooses the switching angles for the elimination of harmonics of the most significant low frequency.

Category: Trauma; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The surgical reconstruction of the Achilles tendon has evolved in favor of the use of percutaneous techniques over the traditional approach with wide approaches to reduce the complications inherent to this procedure. These percutaneous techniques can present lesions of the sural nerve. The objective of this study is to evaluate the distance of this structure with respect to the instruments used in the Dresden technique. Methods: Dissections were made in 16 anatomical pieces (ankles) to which a reproduction of the complete Achilles lesion was previously made and reconstructed using the technique to be studied. After this, the distance of the instrument position with respect to the sural nerve was measured, as well as other relevant measures, and the presence or absence of nerve injury was evaluated. Results: None of the pieces there was lesion of the sural nerve neither by direct injury nor by entrapment, in addition, an approximate distance of 10mm of the nerve was found with respect to the entry site of the percutaneous needles as described by the technique. The location of the nerve was always external to the Crural Fascia. We demonstrate a safety area in which the instruments can be used without lesions of the sural nerve. Conclusion: The technique described by Amlang with the use of Dresden instruments has a low rate of cutaneous complications and infection compared to the traditional approach for this injury, we find that if the risk of presenting injury is performed properly of the sural nerve is low and its reproduction, for the repair of Achilles injuries, should be considered as the first option over traditional open management.

Low residual stress in hydrogenated amorphous silicon-carbon (a-SixC1-x:H) films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at temperature range of 100–200 °C was obtained. Profilometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were carried out to characterize the films. The residual stress of each deposited film was calculated using profilometry measurements and the Stoney equation. The results showed that the residual stress decreases as the power density is reduced, or the temperature or the silane/methane ratio are increased. There is a deposition pressure at around 750 mTorr at which low residual stress is promoted. The residual stress showed a correlation with the carbon incorporation in the form of C–Hn molecules. The residual stress depends on the deposition regime: assisted either by silane radicals (also known as “silane starving plasma” (SSP)) or by both silane and methane radicals. Considering that the carbon incorporation under SSP regime is more controlled, there is a higher probability of having low residual stress in this regime. In agreement with the characterization, the most favorable PECVD parameters were selected to obtain a-SixC1-x:H films with low residual stress (below 100 MPa) within the temperature range (100–200 °C). These results are useful in areas such as flexible electronic devices, implantable devices, microfluidic systems, and microelectromechanical systems, among others, in which the materials and the parameters of fabrication are degraded or modified by temperature above 200 °C. Keywords: Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Hydrogenated amorphous silicon-carbon film, Residual stress, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy

To date 15% of couples are suffering from infertility with 45–50% of males being responsible. With an increase in paternal age as well as various environmental and lifestyle factors worsening these figures are expected to increase. As the so-called free radical theory of infertility suggests, free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in this process. However, ROS also fulfill important functions for instance in sperm maturation. The aim of this review article is to discuss the role reactive oxygen species play in male fertility and how these are influenced by lifestyle, age or disease. We will further discuss how these ROS are measured and how they can be avoided during in-vitro fertilization.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by the new onset of hypertension plus proteinuria and/or end-organ dysfunction. Here, we investigate the role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system as a major component of reactive oxygen species generation, in a rodent model of early-onset preeclampsia induced by excess sFlt1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1). Placenta and kidney samples were obtained from normal pregnant and PE rats to measure the sFlt1/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio in addition to oxidative stress-related parameters, including the activities and expressions of NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4), components of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ) and cytokines IL1β, IL3, IL6, IL10, and IL18 were also measured to evaluate the inflammation status in our experimental setting. Excessive O2●− production was found in rats that were treated with sFlt1; interestingly, this alteration appears to be mediated mainly by NOX2 in the placenta and by NOX4 in the kidney. Altered NO metabolism and antioxidant defense systems, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, were observed in this model of PE. Preeclamptic animals also exhibited overexpression of proinflammatory biomarkers as well as increased collagen deposition. Our results highlight the role of NADPH oxidase in mediating oxidative stress and possibly inflammatory processes in the placenta and kidney of an sFlt1-based model of early-onset preeclampsia.

En un estudio exploratorio anterior la autora localizó algunas diferencias en las narraciones de hombres y mujeres de tres diferentes grupos sociales, las cuales se centraron principalmente en el número de acontecimientos incluidos en los relatos más largos de cada informante. Para estudiar más a fondo ésta y otras diferencias, se analiza una nueva muestra tomada de este mismo corpus del proyecto "E1 habla de Monterrey" formada por 10 hombres y 10 mujeres de cada uno de los dos grupos más extremos en cuanto a nivel educativo: el de los analfabetas y el de aquellos con educación superior. Con el fin de fundamentar esta investigación se definen aquí los conceptos de acontecimiento, evento y episodio. También se presentan ejemplos de estructuras narrativas de complejidad muy distinta producidas por hombres y mujeres.

Como parte de una investigación más amplia sobre los efectos de la migración temporal a Canadá en los trabajadores que participan en el Programa de Trabajadores Agrícolas Temporales que existe entre México y ese país, se presentan en este trabajo algunos resultados concernientes a las repercusiones en la dinámica familiar. Con base en la revisión de 30 entrevistas realizadas a trabajadores migrantes y sus familiares en seis comunidades del sur del estado de Guanajuato, se discuten fenómenos como la comunicación entre los esposos, el cambio de roles, la administración de los recursos, la participación de los hombres en las labores del hogar y el papel del gobierno en la dinámica familiar

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genética de siete poblaciones de bovinos para carne en México, mediante análisis de sus pedigríes. Los análisis se realizaron con el programa Endog, utilizando información de los animales inscritos en el libro genealógico nacional de cada raza. Los tamaños de los pedigríes estudiados fueron: Angus (AN)= 73,271; Brangus Negro (BN)= 68,474; Brangus Rojo (BR)= 12,925; Hereford (HE)= 13,248; Limousin (LI)= 53,221; Salers (SA)= 14,065; y Suizo Europeo (SE)= 184,788. En general, las poblaciones mostraron mejoras importantes en la integridad de sus pedigríes en los 10 años más recientes, con parámetros comparables a los publicados en otras poblaciones de bovinos. El intervalo generacional varió de 5.1 a 7.2 años entre razas. Los coeficientes de consanguinidad y de relación genética aditiva promedio fueron relativamente bajos en las diferentes poblaciones (0.9-4.2 y 0.3-6.5 %, respectivamente); aunque en algunas razas (BN, BR y HE) se detectaron incrementos de estos indicadores en los 10 años más recientes. El tamaño efectivo de población fluctuó entre 24 y 192, con valores menores que 50 en BR y SA. Los parámetros relacionados con la probabilidad de origen de los genes indican que las contribuciones desbalanceadas de los animales fundadores, los cuellos de botella y la deriva genética, han tenido un efecto importante en las poblaciones actuales, con la consecuente pérdida de diversidad genética. Se recomienda continuar o adoptar estrategias de apareamiento que minimicen la consanguinidad, y el uso intensivo de pocos animales para mantener la variabilidad genética de futuras generaciones, así como ampliar la diversidad genética mediante el uso estratégico de genes provenientes de otros países.

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the course of eye diseases, including many vascular retinopathies. Although olive oil is known to have beneficial effects against inflammatory processes, there is no information available on the anti-inflammatory potential of the wild olive tree (namely, acebuche (ACE) for the primitive Spanish lineages). Here we investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ACE oil in the retina of a mouse model of arterial hypertension, which was experimentally induced by administration of L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester). The animals were fed supplements of ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO, for comparative purposes). Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG), and different inflammation-related parameters were measured in the retina and choroid. Besides significant prevention of retinal dysfunction shown in ERG recordings, ACE oil-enriched diet upregulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers PPARγ, PPARα and IL-10, while reducing that of major proinflammatory biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2. This is the first report to highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of an ACE oil-enriched diet against hypertension-related retinal damage. Noteworthy, dietary supplementation with ACE oil yielded better results compared to a reference EVOO.

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación que pretende dar a conocer la forma en que la confluencia afecta las relaciones de pareja, influyendo en el crecimiento personal de los miembros de la misma. Desde un punto de vista gestáltico, a través de una investigación cualitativa y el método fenomenológico, se analizó la experiencia personal de los participantes respecto al tema, y el significado que tiene para ellos esa experiencia. Las participantes en esta investigación son 4 mujeres de entre 22 a 35 años de edad, quienes autodefinen su relación de pareja como conflictiva, y quienes mantuvieron una relación de confluencia (noviazgo o matrimonio) en algún momento de su vida. Las técnicas de recolección de datos utilizadas fueron la entrevista individual y la autobiografía. Conforme al análisis realizado durante esta investigación se encontró que: la confluencia y la codependencia mantienen características similares, sin embargo la diferencia esencial básicamente se refiere a que la primera es considerada un mecanismo de defensa desde la Gestalt, mientras que la segunda se califica más como una enfermedad (Melody, Wells y Miller, 2003; Barnetche, De Maqueo y De Martínez, citados por Ruíz, 2007). Además, se identificó que los principales factores que favorecen la confluencia en una relación de pareja son la historia personal, la baja autoestima y la falta de límites claros. También, se encontró que los sentimientos predominantes en una relación confluente son el miedo a la soledad, la desconfianza en la pareja y los celos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la confluencia sí limita el crecimiento personal pues la persona se enfoca en su relación de pareja más que en sí misma.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases, including hypertensive eye diseases. The beneficial effects of olive oil on cardiovascular diseases might rely on minor constituents. Currently, very little is known about the chemical composition and/or therapeutic effects of the cultivated olive tree’s counterpart, wild olive (also known in Spain as acebuche—ACE). Here, we aimed to analyze the antioxidant and retinoprotective effects of ACE oil on the eye of hypertensive mice made hypertensive via administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), which were subjected to a dietary supplementation with either ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for comparison purposes. Deep analyses of major and minor compounds present in both oils was accompanied by blood pressure monitoring, morphometric analyses, as well as different determinations of oxidative stress-related parameters in retinal layers. Aside from its antihypertensive effect, an ACE oil-enriched diet reduced NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activity/gene/protein expression (with a major implication of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 isoform) in the retinas of hypertensive mice. Supplementation with ACE oil in hypertensive animals also improved alterations in nitric oxide bioavailability and in antioxidant enzyme profile. Interestingly, our findings show that the use of ACE oil resulted in better outcomes, compared with reference EVOO, against hypertension-related oxidative retinal damage.

Sunitinib (Su) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic effects that is recommended therapy for renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Arterial hypertension is one of the adverse effects observed in the treatment with Su. The aim of this work was to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of this side effect. Studies on endothelial function, vascular remodeling and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) system were carried out in thoracic aortas from rats treated with Su for three weeks. Animals subjected to Su treatment presented with increased blood pressure and reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation, the latter being reverted by NADPH oxidase blockade. Furthermore, vascular remodeling and stronger Masson trichrome staining, together with enhanced immunofluorescence signal for collagen 1 alpha 1 (Col1α1), were observed in aortas from treated animals. These results were accompanied by a significant elevation in superoxide anion production and the activity/protein/gene expression of NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4), which was also prevented by NOX inhibition. Furthermore, a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation was observed in aortas from Su-treated animals. All these results indicate that endothelial dysfunction secondary to changes in vascular remodeling and oxidative stress might be responsible for the typical arterial hypertension that develops following treatment with Su.

La calidad de la leche se ve afectada por la mastitis y por las prácticas empleadas durante y después del ordeño. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar las prácticas de ordeño y la calidad higiénica y nutricional de la leche producida en Granada, Antioquia. Mediante muestreo no probabilístico, se seleccionaron diez fincas productoras, pertenecientes a ASOGRAN. La evaluación de las prácticas de ordeño fue realizada mediante observación directa y, la detección de mastitis, se hizo en cada finca, utilizando la Prueba California (CMT). Al finalizar el ordeño, se tomaron dos muestras de leche, con un intervalo de 60 días, efectuándose análisis de unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC), conteo células somáticas (CCS), porcentajes de proteína, grasa y sólidos totales; durante este intervalo, se capacitaron los productores en buenas prácticas de ordeño (BPO). Los análisis estadísticos, se realizaron mediante la prueba Wilcoxon. Antes de la capacitación, se registró incumplimiento en las actividades de las BPO; se hallaron diferencias significativas para las pruebas de mastitis y de UFC antes y después de la capacitación; además, el 24% de las glándulas mamarias, se percibían afectadas por mastitis subclínica. En la calidad higiénica de la leche, se encontró UFC promedio de 6x10(5) y 3x10(5), respectivamente. El CCS no presentó diferencias significativas, reportando valores promedio de 630.000 y 750.000, respectivamente. La calidad nutricional reportó porcentajes de grasa, proteína y sólidos totales, superiores a los exigidos en la legislación colombiana. Los hallazgos indican la importancia de la aplicación de las BPO sobre la calidad de la leche.

El presente estudio –producto de una investigación realizada en el mercado laboral de la Región de Antofagasta–, examina la baja participación de las mujeres en la zona y describe los factores asociados a esta situación. El análisis de los resultados se realizó con base en los discursos de 87 trabajadoras (asalariadas o microempresarias) de distintos sectores laborales de la región; se identifican los obstáculos para acceder al mercado, las razones del repliegue de este sector y las medidas que revertirían esta condición. Este estudio corrobora los resultados obtenidos por investigaciones anteriores, y concluye que, a pesar del crecimiento económico de la zona, los factores asociados a este fenómeno se relacionan con la condición minera de la región, la insuficiente capacitación para el empleo, la incompatibilidad entre los roles productivos y reproductivos, las menores oportunidades y la discriminación de género, todas variables de carácter estructural, cultural e institucional.

En este trabajo se implementó el control de un ventilador industrial utilizado para prueba de aerogeneradores, el cual es empleado como un dispositivo interno en la elaboración de un túnel de viento, para realizar pruebas de medición de viento. El proyecto consistió en regular la velocidad de un ventilador industrial utilizado en un túnel de viento, para realizar pruebas de sistemas de control en aerogeneradores, generándose señales de viento reguladas en valores constantes, ó que sigan un perfil definido por una base de datos de valores reales medidos con un anemómetro. Para implementar el sistema de control y la comunicación de los dispositivos, se empleó un procesador digital de señales (PDS de Texas Instruments EZDSP2407), que actúa como interfaz para transmitir los datos entre el entorno de programación (VisSim Embedded Control Developer (ECD)). Además se utilizó un variador de velocidad de 3HP de la marca SIEMENS modelo Micromaster 420. In this work, a fan control industrial wind turbines used for test, which is used as an internal device in the development of a wind tunnel for testing wind measurement. The project consists of regulating the speed of an industrial fan used in a wind tunnel to test control systems in wind turbines, wind generating regulated signals in constant, or to follow a profile defined by a database of values actual measured with an anemometer. To implement the control system and communication devices, in this project employed a digital signal processor (DSP from Texas Instruments EZDSP2407), which acts as an interface to transmit data between the programming environments (VisSim Embedded Control Developer (ECD)). Also uses a variable speed 3HP SIEMENS Micromaster model 420.

Durante el 27 de febrero al 5 de marzo de 2012, el Departamento Administrativo Distrital de Salud de Cartagena de Indias DT y C (DADIS) investigó un probable brote de meningitis meningocócica (N. meningitidis), enfermedad que afectó a un barrio de la zona suroriental de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias que cuenta con más de 13.000 habitantes. Se reportaron a la oficina de vigilancia de salud pública (SIVIGILA) en el mes de febrero un número de 4 personas como fallecidas sin diagnóstico definitivo. Se identificaron dos casos como meningitis meningocóccica (Caso 2 y Caso 3) y un caso quedó pendiente del reporte de medicina legal (Caso 1), debido a que los casos 2 y 3 tuvieron contacto directo con el caso 1 (pre mortem). Todas las cepas aisladas de N. meningitidis fueron del serogrupo B. Un equipo de campo realizó una visita a la zona, en cumplimiento al protocolo establecido por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia (1) para los casos de brotes de meningitis bacterianas. Para la prevención del brote se realizó quimioprofilaxis de un total de 19 personas en contacto directo con los pacientes, 10 adultos (Ciprofloxacina) y 9 niños (Ceftriaxona).