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Introduction: The alignment between anterior superior and inferior posterior iliac spine is related to the lumbar curvature in the sagittal plane. Objective: To characterize the flexibility and angulations of the lumbar spine and the relation with the pelvic tilt in sagittal plane of preschool children. Methods: Participated in the study 138 children with ages ranging from five to six years and enrolled in eight public schools. The evaluation was performed by photogrammetry, pelvic sagittal balance test and limb stretching by fleximeter and Thomas test. Results: There was no difference in the lumbar angle with relation to gender, body mass and age. With regard to pelvic sagittal balance, the majority of preschoolers presented pelvic retroversion (56.6%). Children with pelvic anteversion (4.3%) presented a lower lumbar angle, indicating hyperlordosis. Children with pelvic sagittal balance presented better flexibility of the hamstring muscles than those with the pelvis in retroversion and anteversion. Conclusion: Flexibility was greatest in girls and in five-year-old children. The angle of the lumbar was 24.07°. The pelvis was retroversed in most children, differing from expected for the age group. The lowest angle of the lumbar region corresponded to a pelvis in anteroversion and balanced.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of simvastatin on sciatic nerve regeneration in male Wistar Rats.Forty animals were allocated into four groups: (1) control (C); (2) control+simvastatin (CS); (3) lesioned animals+sterile PBS (LC) and (4) lesioned animals+simvastatin (LS). Lesioned animals were submitted to crushing lesion of right sciatic nerve. Simvastatin (20mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered for five days. Footprints were obtained weekly for evaluation of functional locomotor recovery by means of the Sciatic Function Index (SFI). Blood samples were obtained weekly for quantifying circulating leukocytes. Animals were sacrificed after 21 days for histological analyses of sciatic nerve and spleen.LS Animals presented increased SFI scores, decreased areas of oedema and mononuclear cell infiltration during Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration (7,14 and 21 days; P0.05). Spleen weight and white pulp areas was increased in LC animals after 21 days. Increased numbers of circulating neutrophils were observed in simvastatin treated animals (CS e LS) at seven, 14 and 21 days, compared to non-treated groups (C and LC).The study suggests that simvastatin accelerates the morphological and functional recovery process of the peripheral nervous system interfering with innate and acquired immunity.

The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of LED therapy at 940 nm or cold water immersion therapy (CWI) after an acute bout of exercise on markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: animals kept at rest (control), exercised animals (E), exercised + CWI (CWI), and exercised + LED therapy (LED). The animals swam for 100 min, after which blood samples were collected for lactate analysis. Animals in the E group were returned to their cages without treatment, the CWI group was placed in cold water (10°C) for 10 min and the LED group received LED irradiation on both gastrocnemius muscles (4 J/cm(2) each). After 24 h, the animals were killed and the soleus muscles were submitted to histological analysis. Blood samples were used for hematological and CK analyses. The results demonstrated that the LED group presented fewer areas of muscle damage and inflammatory cell infiltration and lower levels of CK activity than the E group. Fewer areas of damaged muscle fiber were observed in the LED group than in CWI. CWI and LED did not reduce edema areas. Hematological analysis showed no significant effect of either treatment on leukocyte counts. The results suggest that LED therapy is more efficient than CWI in preventing muscle damage and local inflammation after exercise.

Caffeine can affect muscle cell physiology and the inflammatory response during exercise. The purpose of this study was to analyse muscle damage markers and inflammatory cell infiltration into the soleus muscle of sedentary and exercised animals submitted to chronic caffeine intake. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into the following four groups (n =8 per group): sedentary control (SCO); sedentary + caffeine (SCAF); trained control (TCO); and trained + caffeine (TCAF). The animals were housed in individual cages and received tap water or caffeine (1 mg ml −1 ); they were maintained at rest or submitted to swimming for up to 40min day −1 with a 4% load, five times per week for 30days. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serum lactate, creatine kinase and calcium. The right soleus muscle and the epididymal fat depot were weighed, and the muscle was submitted to histological analysis. Training and caffeine did not change body or muscle weight, food and liquid intake or serum calcium levels among groups. Decreased fat tissue (P

This paper presents a seed finding method for region growing segmentation approach using color channel energy in image regions. Instead of using the RGB system separated for each pixel, the proposal uses the energy on each color channel to improve the range of the possible values, then creates a more specific seed to detail different regions. Region size used to calculate energy was adjusted to verify the proposed method. Images used were real wound photos, taken from patients undergoing treatment at the university hospital. Results showed that energy on regions presents enough information to segment, leading to a high percentage of matching with experts marks.

A hipermobilidade articular é a capacidade de realizar movimentos em amplitudes maiores que a normal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a prevalência de hipermobilidade articular em crianças pré-escolares da Rede Municipal de Educação de Londrina/PR. O estudo foi do tipo transversal com amostra constituída de 366 crianças, de 5 e 6 anos de idade. Verificou-se que, das crianças pré-escolares avaliadas, 198 (54,1%) apresentaram hipermobilidade articular, sendo 96 (59,6%) do sexo feminino e 102 (49,8%) do masculino. A hipermobilidade articular foi encontrada com maior frequência nas articulações de cotovelo e joelho, onde ocorreu a hiperextensão. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos masculino e feminino em relação à hipermobilidade articular (χ²=3,539, p=0,072). Pode-se concluir que a hipermobilidade articular nas crianças pré-escolares foi achado comum, compatível com a faixa etária da população avaliada no estudo. Joint hypermobility is the ability to perform movements with a range of motion that is wider than normal. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence of joint hypermobility in junior kindergarten and senior kindergarten children from the Municipal Education System of Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. The study was cross-sectional, with a sample of 366 children aged between 5 and 6 years. The detection of joint hypermobility was based on the criteria proposed in literature. It was found that 198 (54.1%) of the children evaluated had joint hypermobility, 96 (59.6%) were girls and 102 (49.8%) were boys. Joint hypermobility was found more frequently in the elbow and knee joints, where hyperextension occurred. There was no statistically significant difference between the male and female groups in relation to joint hypermobility (χ²=3.539, p=0.072). We can conclude that joint hypermobility found in the junior kindergarten and senior kindergarten children evaluated was common and compatible with the age of the population evaluated in this study. La hipermovilidad articular es la capacidad de realizar movimientos en amplitudes mayores que lo normal. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la prevalencia de hipermovilidad articular en niños pre-escolares de la Red Municipal de Educación de Londrina/PR. El estudio fue de tipo transversal con una muestra constituida de 366 niños, de 5 a 6 años de edad. Se verificó que los niños pre-escolares evaluados, 198 (54,1%) presentaron hipermovilidad articular, siendo 96 (59,6%) de sexo femenino y 102 (49,8%) de sexo masculino. La hipermovilidad articular fue encontrada con mayor frecuencia en las articulaciones del tobillo y rodilla, donde ocurre la hiperextensión. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos masculino y femenino en relación a la hipermovilidad articular (χ²=3,539, p=0,072). Se puede concluir que la hipermovilidad articular en los niños pre-escolares fue encontrada normal, compatible con la línea etaria de la población evaluada en el estudio.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:33:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:43:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1807-5509-2012-26-02-209-217.pdf: 230244 bytes, checksum: 6043992f5fc12ffa208774607af2519f (MD5) Foram avaliados os efeitos da ingestão crônica de cafeína e exercício de natação sobre o tecido ósseo. Ratos Wistar jovens (n = 32) alocados em quatro grupos: sedentário controle (SCO), sedentário + cafeína (SCAF), treinados (TCO) e treinados + cafeína (TCAF), receberam 1 mg/ml de cafeína em água durante 30 dias (SCAF e TCAF) e foram submetidos a 21 dias de natação em intensidade moderada (TCO e TCAF). A tíbia esquerda foi submetida a ensaio biomecânico para determinação do coefi ciente de rigidez, limite de elasticidade e carga máxima. A área de tecido ósseo primário e espessura do disco epifi sário foram avaliadas no fêmur. Não foram observadas alterações nas propriedades biomecânicas e na deposição de tecido ósseo primário. O grupo SCAF apresentou maior espessura no disco epifi sário distal. Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento moderado de natação e a ingestão de cafeína não provocaram alterações morfológicas e biomecânicas do tecido ósseo. Effects of swimming training and chronic caffeine intake on bone tissue of young rats were investigated. Young Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary control (SCO), sedentary + caffeine (SCAF), trained (TCO) and trained + caffeine (TCAF); they received 1 mg/ml of caffeine diluted in water for 30 days (SCAF and TCAF) and were submitted to swimming training of moderate intensity for 21 days (TCO and TCAF). The left tibia was subjected to the biomechanical test for determination of the coeffi cient of stiffness, yield and maximum load. The immature bone tissue area and thickness of growth plates were evaluated in the femur. No changes were observed in biomechanical properties and the area occupied by immature bone tissue. However, SCAF group presented greater thickness in distal growth plate. The results suggest that the moderate intensity swimming training and caffeine consumption were not able to promote changes in morphology and biomechanical properties of bone tissue. Se evaluaram los efectos del consumo crónico de cafeína y la natación em el hueso. Ratas Wistar jóvenes (n=32) divididas en cuatro grupos: sedentarios control (SCO), sedentarios + cafeína (SCAF), entrenados (TCO) y entrenados + cafeína (TCAF), recibieron 1 mg/ml de cafeína en agua durante 30 días (SCAF e TCAF) e fueron sometidos 21 días de la natación moderada. La tibia izquierda se sometió a una prueba biomecánica para determinar la coefi ciente de la rigidez, el limite de elasticidad y el punto de carga máxima. El area de hueso imaturo e de la zona de la placa de crescimiento proximal e distal se analizó em el fêmur. No se observaron cambios en las propiedades biomecánicas y el déposition de hueso inmaturo. Animales SCAF tenía más grueso de la placa de crescimiento distal. Los resultados sugieren que entrenamento moderalado de la natación y el cosumo crônico de cafeína no cambió la morfología y las propiedades biomecánicas del hueso. Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Histologia, Londrina, PR, Brasil Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Londrina, PR, Brasil Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Educação Física, Londrina, PR, Brasil Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Londrina, PR, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB), Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB), Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 940 nm wavelength light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy on nerve regeneration in rats. Forty male Wistar rats weighing approximately 300 g each were divided into four groups: control (C); control submitted to LED phototherapy (CLed); Sciatic Nerve Lesion without LED phototherapy (L); Sciatic Nerve Lesion with LED phototherapy (LLed). The lesion was caused by crushing the right sciatic nerve. A dose of 4 J/cm(2) was used for ten consecutive days beginning on the first postoperative day. Groups C and L were submitted to the same procedure as the LLed group, but the equipment was turned off. The LED phototherapy with 940 nm wavelength reduced the areas of edema, the number of mononuclear cells present in the inflammatory infiltration, and increased functional recovery scores at 7, 14 and 21 days. The results suggest that the use of phototherapy at 940 nm after nerve damage improves morphofunctional recovery and nerve regeneration.

Embora haja atualmente um extenso emprego de fontes de luz como LASERs ( Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ) e LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) em diversas tecnicas terapeuticas, as bases cientificas de seus efeitos sobre sistemas biologicos ainda e relativamente desconhecida da comunidade academica. Neste estudo e apresentada uma breve revisao sobre os efeitos da luz em sistemas biologicos. O emprego de fontes de luz de baixa potencia, como diodos emissores de luz-LEDs, pode propiciar um recurso terapeutico opcional aos convencionais ou ser utilizado em conjunto com estes, com a vantagem do baixo custo e comprovada eficiencia no tratamento de ulceras e outras enfermidades.

Introdução: Os problemas posturais em crianças e adolescentes estão relacionados aos maus hábitos posturais, na escola e em casa, e ao estilo de vida. A identificação precoce das alterações posturais e de fatores agravantes se faz necessária para que a criança mantenha o alinhamento adequado, durante seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Objetivos: Descrever e caracterizar o alinhamento postural da coluna vertebral, em plano sagital, durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças da fase pré-escolar à escolar. Para tal, dois estudos específicos foram desenvolvidos: (1) caracterizar a postura da cabeça, cervical e ombros; (2) avaliar o alinhamento da coluna torácica e lombar e oscilação de tronco, no plano sagital, de crianças eutróficas e acima do peso corporal. Métodos: Em ambos os estudos, a amostra foi de 99 crianças, e as avaliações foram realizadas em dois momentos do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, fase pré-escolar (cinco e seis anos) e escolar (de oito a onze anos). As crianças foram avaliadas por meio de análise antropométrica e fotogrametria computadorizada. As variáveis angulares e lineares avaliadas por meio da fotogrametria foram: ângulo sagital da cabeça, ângulo cervical, ângulo dos ombros, distância da cabeça, ângulo oscilação de tronco, ângulo torácico e ângulo lombar. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, diferenças foram encontradas entre as fases pré-escolar e escolar, mas apenas as variáveis ângulo do ombro (AO) e distância da cabeça (DC) foram significantes (AO = 32,79 [30,49 – 35,09] e 35,84 [33,53 – 38,15] p = 0,026, respectivamente; DC = 8,40 [8,07 – 8,73] e 11,23 [10,94 -11,52] p