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Pierre Bourgeois,1– 4 Mirela Mariana Roman,5 Justine Schweicher,6 Pauline Lavoisier,6 Philippe Maquet,6 Clarence Karler,7 Mateusz Lizewski,8 Alessandro Fouarge,8 Nicolas Cuylits,8 Véronique del Marmol,1 Olivier Leduc6 1Service of Dermatology, Hospital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 2Services of Nuclear Medicine, HIS-IZZ Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 3Multi-Disciplinary Clinic of Lymphology, Institute Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 4Service of Vascular Surgery, HIS-IZZ Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 5Department of Mammo-Pelvic Surgery, Institute Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 6Unité de lympho-phlébologie, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Haute Ecole Robert Schuman, Brussels, Belgium; 7Department of Anesthesia-Algologia, Hospital Moliere, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 8Service of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumCorrespondence: Pierre Bourgeois, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808, route de Lennik, Brussels, 1070, Belgium, Tel +32495201906, Email pierre.bourgeois@erasme.ulb.ac.beBackground: The number of people within the European population having at least one tattoo has increased notably and with it the number of tattoo-associated clinical complications. The injected inks are known to be removed by the lymphatic vessels and can be found in the draining lymph nodes.Aim of the Study: To report our observations on the lymphatic drainages seen under tattoos using near infrared fluorescence imaging of these lymphatic vessels after the injection of indocyanine green.Material and Methods: Indocyanine green was injected intradermally at the basis of the 20 tattooed area(s) in 19 subjects (nine women and ten men; mean age = 28.6). Ten subjects had only black tattoos (six upper limbs and four lower limbs), five (two upper limbs and three lower limbs) black and white tattoos and five multi-colored tattooed limbs (four lower limbs and one upper limb).Results: The imaging exams revealed alterations in eight individuals, seven of whom had tattoos on their lower limbs. Furthermore, the imaging results showed that the abnormalities might be related to the tattooed limb, the tattoo extent and colour.Conclusion: Alterations of the cutaneous lymphatic channels are frequently observed under tattooed territories. Their causal factors should be more precisely studied in future works and these lymphatic alterations should be considered in tattooed patients when using similar imaging techniques for therapeutic and surgical assessments.Keywords: tattoo, near infra-red fluorescence lymphatic imaging, indocyanine green, lymphatic, lymph vessel

Background: Axillary web syndrome (AWS) is a frequent complication after surgery for breast cancer, but its lymphatic involvement is not definitively established. Here we report the results of lymphoscintigraphic investigations in patients with AWS. Methods and Findings: We conducted a retrospective, single-center review of lymphoscintigraphic investigations performed in 46 patients with AWS that was either clinically obvious or suspected. Of this group, 23 patients had two investigations with a mean interval of 19 weeks between them (range, 6-98 weeks). Results of the lymphoscintigraphic investigations, which were performed according to a well-standardized protocol, were classified into four patterns: normal; functional lymphatic insufficiency only (no lymphatic vascular morphologic abnormality); lymphovascular blockade without collateralization; and vascular collateralization and/or dermal backflow. Of the 46 patients, on the first lymphoscintigraphic investigation, four (8.6%) had a normal pattern, seven (15.2%) had functional lymphatic insufficiency only, four (8.6%) had lymphovascular blockade without collateralization, and 31 (67.3%) had vascular collateralization and/or dermal backflow. Among patients who underwent two investigations, four of the five who had only functional lymphatic insufficiency at the first investigation had developed vascular collateralization and/or dermal backflow by the second. The three patients who had lymphovascular blockade without collateralization at the first examination had also progressed to collateralization and/or dermal backflow at the second. None of the 15 patients who initially had vascular collateralization and/or dermal backflow showed any reversal at the second examination. Conclusions: Our analysis confirms the lymphatic nature of AWS and shows the lymphoscintigraphic patterns and evolutions of the lymphatic lesions with potential therapeutic implications. The retrospective review of our database is approved by the institutional ethics committee under number 2048.

ICG with other tracers can be injected pre and/or per operatively to identify the axillary Lymph Nodes (LN) draining the breast cancer (the SLN nodes) and/or the ipsilateral arm (the ARM nodes). to evaluate the impact on this temporal variable-variation on the identification of these ARM LN. Material and methods: One hundred and nine women, who were scheduled to undergo, either lumpectomy with selective lymphadenectomy (SLN), or mammary surgery (either lumpectomy, or mastectomy) with complete axillary node dissection (CALND) for a histologically proven mammary tumor, had administered the day before the surgery one subcutaneous injection of ICG in the first interdigital space of the ipsilateral hand (pre-op subgroup (SLN=28 and CALND=15), or the same day as the surgery (per op subgroup (SLN=26 and CALND= 20). The fluorescent characteristics of the SLN and/or axillary LN were then analyzed and compared between the two subgroups.

Fibromatosis is a benign lesion of the breast that can rarely occur in men, and requires good imaging and biopsy to make a differential diagnosis to breast carcinoma. Primary breast fibromatosis predominately affects females but can rarely affect the male breast (1,2). Due toits rarity, the condition has often been confused with breast carcinoma. Significant variability has been reported regarding imaging characteristics of fibromatosis using ultrasound and MRI. MRI is particularly useful in the evaluation of tumor extent and preoperative planning (3). We report the case of a 66-year old male who presented with a palpable mass within the external quadrant of his right breast. Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy revealed diagnosis of fibromatosis. Follow-up performed 11 months after resection demonstrated no radiographic evidence of recurrence.

A 63-yr-old female patient developed a tracheal necrosis after esophageal resection with gastric interposition. We report the anesthetic management of this patient undergoing tracheal repair focusing on an original airway management and ventilation strategy.