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1. Experimental Validation of a Novel Generator of Gas Mixtures Based on Axial Gas Pulses Coupled to a Micromixer

Author

Florian Noël, Claire Trocquet, Christophe A. Serra, and Stéphane Le Calvé

Subjects
gas generator, gas mixing, pulsed flow, micromixer, multi-stages, Benzene, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

In this work, a novel generator of gas mixtures previously numerically investigated and based on axial gas pulses coupled to a micromixer has been conceived, manufactured, and validated. Standard gaseous pollutant mixtures and pure nitrogen or pure air were introduced in a microdevice designed to generate alternating axial gas pulses which were downstream homogenized by means of a multi-stage modular micromixer. The dilution, and therefore the final pollutant concentration, was controlled by two parameters: the ratio between the times of each of the two gas pulses and the partial pressure of the pollutant(s) mixture added to the device. The gas mixture generator was coupled to an analyzer to monitor the concentration of aromatic pollutants. The response time was optimized to be lower than 2 min in accordance with the analytical instrument. The quantity of pollutants measured at the micromixer’s outlet increased linearly with the expected gas concentration of 3.7–100 ppb generated by this novel microfluidic generator and fitted perfectly with those obtained by a reference gas dilution bench. At 5 ppb, the precision on the concentration generated is close to that obtained with the conventional gas mixing bench, i.e., around 10%.

Published
2021
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2. On-Line Gaseous Formaldehyde Detection Based on a Closed-Microfluidic-Circuit Analysis

Author

Anaïs Becker, Christina Andrikopoulou, Pierre Bernhardt, Claire Trocquet, and Stéphane Le Calvé

Subjects
formaldehyde, recirculation, closed-circuit, fluorescence, microdevice, air quality, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

This paper describes a compact microfluidic analytical device in a closed-circuit developed for the detection of low airborne formaldehyde levels. The detection is based on the passive trapping of gaseous formaldehyde through a microporous tube into the acetylacetone solution, the derivative reaction of formaldehyde with acetylacetone to form 3,5-Diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL) and the detection of DDL by fluorescence. The recirculation mode of the analytical device means that the concentration measurement is carried out by quantification of the signal increase in the liquid mixture over time, the instantaneous signal increase rate being proportional to the surrounding gaseous formaldehyde concentration. The response of this novel microdevice is found to be linear in the range 0–278 µg m−3. The reagent volume needed is flexible and depends on the desired analytical resolution time and the concentration of gaseous formaldehyde in the environment. Indeed, if either the gaseous concentration of formaldehyde is high or the reagent volume is low, the fluorescence signal of this recirculating liquid solution will increase very rapidly. Consequently, the sensitivity simultaneously depends on both the reagent volume and the temporal resolution. Considering a reagent volume of 6 mL, the hourly and daily detection limits are 2 and 0.08 µg m−3, respectively, while the reagent autonomy is more than 4 days the airborne formaldehyde concentration does not exceed 50 µg m−3 as it is usually the case in domestic or public indoor environments.

Published
2020
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4. Continuous real-time monitoring of formaldehyde over 5 weeks in two French primary schools: identification of the relevant time resolution and the most appropriate ventilation scenario

Author

Claire Trocquet, Irene Lara-Ibeas, Anaïs Becker, Aurélie Schulz, Pierre Bernhardt, Vincent Person, Béatrice Cormerais, Stéphanette Englaro, and Stéphane Le Calvé

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pollution
Published
2023
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5. Continuous aldehydes monitoring in primary schools in France: Evaluation of emission sources and ventilation practices over 5 weeks

Author

Irene Lara-Ibeas, Pierre Bernhardt, Aurélie Schulz, Claire Trocquet, Stéphanette Englaro, Béatrice Cormerais, Stéphane Le Calvé, Le Calvé, Stéphane, In’Air Solutions [Strasbourg, France], Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction Santé Publique de la Ville de La Rochelle, This work has been conducted in the framework of IMPACT’AIR project financially supported by ADEME (Agence De l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie), the city of La Rochelle and the Ligue contre le cancer., Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, indoor air, schools, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Hexanal, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Indoor air quality, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, law, Waste Management and Disposal, Field campaign, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aldehydes, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, ventilation, Acetaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, Pollution, chemistry, 13. Climate action, hexanal, Ventilation (architecture), Environmental science, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, acetaldehyde
Abstract

This paper presents a field campaign conducted in two French elementary schools for 5 weeks aiming at identifying effects of occupation and ventilation practices on indoor aldehyde concentrations and discriminating aldehyde emission from building materials and furniture. The investigated classrooms were first empty and not occupied whereas the furniture was added the following week. Normal school activities were restarted for the last three weeks under various ventilation practices. C2–C7 aldehydes concentrations were monitored with the conventional method based on DNPH derivatization using active sampling followed by off-line HPLC/UV analysis. Acetaldehyde (AA) and hexanal (HA) were the two main aldehydes present if formaldehyde is not considered. The weekly mean values of acetaldehyde concentrations were found in the range 9.5–13.1 μg m−3 (School 1), 9.4–17.6 μg m−3 (School 2) and equal to 5.3 μg m−3 (School 3). In Schools 2 and 3, weekly hexanal concentrations ranged between 3.3 and 5.4 μg m−3 but increased up to 40.1 μg m−3 in school 1 where painting work was performed during the week 2. Smaller amount of propionaldehyde (PA) and benzaldehyde (BA) were always detected, their weekly average concentrations being in the range 0.4–4.0 μg m−3 and 0.9–2.7 μg m−3 for PA and BA, respectively. The results supported by Student's tests show that building materials and furniture contribute to aldehyde emissions while ventilation significantly improves indoor air quality without being able to privilege one of the three ventilation scenarios tested.

Published
2021
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6. Development and Optimization of an Airborne Formaldehyde Microfluidic Analytical Device Based on Passive Uptake through a Microporous Tube

Author

Rubén Ocampo-Torres, Pierre Bernhardt, Claire Trocquet, Stéphane Le Calvé, Anaïs Becker, Christina Andrikopoulou, Université Grenoble Alpes - Institut d'urbanisme et de géographie alpine (IUGA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), In’Air Solutions [Strasbourg, France], European Project: LIFE17 ENV/FR/000330,SMART IN'AIR, Le Calvé, Stéphane, Smart indoor air monitoring network to reduce the impacts of pollutants on environment and health - SMART IN'AIR - LIFE17 ENV/FR/000330 - INCOMING, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, microporous membrane, microdevice, Materials science, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Acetylacetone, Microfluidics, Formaldehyde, Analytical chemistry, microfluidics, 02 engineering and technology, indoor air, 01 natural sciences, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Tube (fluid conveyance), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Derivatization, passive sampling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Detection limit, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Microporous material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, Volumetric flow rate, chemistry, Control and Systems Engineering, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, formaldehyde, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

This paper describes a compact microfluidic analytical device developed for the detection of low airborne formaldehyde concentrations. This microdevice was based on a three-step analysis, i.e., the passive gaseous formaldehyde uptake using a microporous membrane into an acetylacetone solution, the derivatization with acetylacetone to form 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine, and the quantification of the latter using fluorescence detection. For a rapid and easier implementation, a cylindrical geometry of the microporous element was considered to perform laboratory-controlled experiments with known formaldehyde concentrations and to establish the proof of concept. This work reports the evaluation of the uptake performance according to the microporous tube length, the liquid flow rate inside the tube, the gas flow rate outside the tube, and the gaseous formaldehyde concentration. A 10.0 cm microporous tube combined with a gas flow rate of 250 NmL/min (normal milliliters per minute) and a liquid flow rate of 17 &micro, L/min were found to be the optimized conditions. In these experimental conditions, the fluorescence signal increased linearly with the gaseous formaldehyde concentration in the range 0&ndash, 118 &micro, g/m3, with the detection limit being estimated as 0.13 &micro, g/m3 when considering a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.

Published
2019
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7. VOC tracers from aircraft activities at Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport

Author

Jocelyne Adjizian Gerard, Rouba Nasreddine, Claire Trocquet, Tharwat Mokalled, Vincent Person, Maher Abboud, Stéphane Le Calvé, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), In’Air Solutions [Strasbourg, France], Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engine power, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Kerosene, Future studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, International airport, Ambient air, 13. Climate action, Auxiliary power unit, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Takeoff, Waste Management and Disposal, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This is the first study to assess the speciation of 48 VOCs from around 100 commercial aircraft under real operation, as close as possible to aircraft engines during the various modes of the landing/takeoff (LTO) cycles to identify special aircraft fingerprints and markers. Also, Jet A-1 kerosene vapor, gasoline exhaust, and the ambient airport concentrations were assessed. Air samples were taken at Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport inside adsorbent tubes using a portable automatic remote sampler and analyzed using gas chromatographic techniques (GC-MS and GC-FID). Results showed that heavy alkanes (C8-C14, mainly n-nonane and n-decane), which contributed to about 51–64% of the total mass of heavy VOCs emitted by aircraft, and heavy aldehydes (nonanal and decanal) – although to a lesser amount – can be considered as potential tracers for aircraft emissions due to both their exclusive presence in aircraft-related emissions and their absence from gasoline exhaust emissions. On the other hand, the total concentration of heavy alkanes in the airport's ambient air was 47% of the total mass of heavy VOCs measured. No aircraft tracer was identified among the light VOCs (≤C7); however, results showed that emissions of light VOCs decrease as the engine power increases. Also, auxiliary power unit (APU) emissions were identified to be of the same order of magnitude as main engine emissions. This study opens the door for future studies aiming at evaluating the impact of airport activities on air quality and human health within or away from the airport vicinity.

Published
2019
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8. Near Real-Time Monitoring of Formaldehyde in a Low-Energy School Building

Author

Céline Liaud, Pierre Bernhardt, Claire Trocquet, Isabelle Malandain, Maud Guglielmino, Stéphane Le Calvé, Stéphanette Englaro, In’Air Solutions [Strasbourg, France], Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MERMAID (ADEME), and ANR-11-ECOT-0013,CAPFEIN,réseau de CAPteurs de FormaldEhyde intelligents pour la surveillance de l'air INtérieur(2011)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Indoor air, Health impact, Formaldehyde, indoor air, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Low energy, real-time measurements, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, aldehydes, microfluidic device, Field campaign, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Indoor air pollutants, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, low-energy building, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Pulp and paper industry, field monitoring, Field monitoring, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ventilation (architecture), Environmental science, formaldehyde
Abstract

The emergence of new super-insulated buildings to reduce energy consumption places the quality of indoor air at the center of the debate. Among the indoor air pollutants, aldehydes are often present, and formaldehyde is of major interest regarding its multiple sources and its health impact. Therefore, French regulations expect to reduce formaldehyde concentrations below 10 &mu, g m&minus, 3 in public buildings by 2023. Formaldehyde and other aldehydes were measured for two weeks during an intensive field campaign conducted in a school recently built and equipped with programmable dual-flow ventilation. Aldehydes were monitored with the ISO 16000-3 reference method based on sampling with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) tubes while formaldehyde concentration was continuously measured by using a sensitive near real-time formaldehyde microanalyzer with a detection limit of 1 &micro, 3. Formaldehyde was the major aldehyde. Its concentrations varied in the range of 2&ndash, 25 &micro, 3 and decreased by half when mechanical ventilation was ON, while the other ones were always below 5 &micro, 3. In addition, an excellent agreement was observed between the different analytical techniques deployed to quantify formaldehyde levels. The microanalyzer was able to measure fast variations of formaldehyde concentration in the studied room, according to the building's ventilation periods.

Published
2019
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9. BTEX near real-time monitoring in two primary schools in La Rochelle, France

Author

Stéphanette Englaro, Irene Lara-lbeas, Béatrice Cormerais, Rouba Nasreddine, Christina Andrikopoulou, Vincent Person, Stéphane Le Calvé, Claire Trocquet, In’Air Solutions [Strasbourg, France], Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Calvé, Stéphane, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Portable device, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Real-time computing, real-time, BTEX, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ethylbenzene, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, toluene, Benzene, Field campaign, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 4. Education, Time resolution, Pollution, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Real time, chemistry, [CHIM.OTHE] Chemical Sciences/Other, CO2 levels, Ventilation (architecture), indoor air schools, Environmental science, Toluene Indoor air schools, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract

International audience; The present field campaign was conducted in two French primary schools for 5 weeks, where the experimental conditions were modified every week. During the first week, the classrooms were empty and not occupied, whereas the furniture was added the second week. For the three last weeks, the classrooms were normally occupied by students and various scenarios of ventilation were applied. BTEX concentrations were monitored by using novel portable pre-industrial prototypes with low gas and energy consumption, which worked continuously and operated in near real time with a time resolution of 10 min. The BTEX concentrations were compared to CO2 measurements since the latter is commonly considered as a confinement indicator. In both schools, BTEX were not detected during the absence of students indicating that neither building materials nor furniture emit such compounds. Once the schools occupied by students, BTEX have been detected from time to time, and their concentrations ranged as follows: 0–12 ppb (benzene); 0–29 ppb (toluene), 0–4 ppb (ethylbenzene), 0–11 ppb (m/p-xylenes), and 0–10 ppb (o-xylene) excluding huge values due to paint emissions in one of the schools. Toluene was found to be strongly correlated to high levels of CO2, showing that it was emitted by internal students activities scheduled at the end of mornings. On the contrary, benzene peak was not correlated to high values of CO2, suggesting that it comes from external sources.

Published
2018
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10. On-line gaseous formaldehyde detection by a microfluidic analytical method based on simultaneous uptake and derivatization in a temperature controlled annular flow

Author

Pierre Bernhardt, Maud Guglielmino, Claire Trocquet, Stéphane Le Calvé, Christophe A. Serra, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-ECOT-0013,CAPFEIN,réseau de CAPteurs de FormaldEhyde intelligents pour la surveillance de l'air INtérieur(2011), univOAK, Archive ouverte, Production durable et technologies de l'environnement - réseau de CAPteurs de FormaldEhyde intelligents pour la surveillance de l'air INtérieur - - CAPFEIN2011 - ANR-11-ECOT-0013 - ECOTECH - VALID, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Capillary action, Microfluidics, Analytical chemistry, Formaldehyde, Microdevice, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Colorimetry (chemical method), Analytical Chemistry, Annular flow, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Derivatization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Detection limit, Chromatography, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Response time, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Indoor air, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering
Abstract

This paper is focused on the improvement of a microfluidic analytical method for the detection of low airborne formaldehyde concentrations, based on only two distinct steps permitting to reduce the response time and to improve the compactness of the device. First, gaseous formaldehyde is trapped into an acetylacetone solution at 65 °C through an annular liquid/gas flow and reacts immediately to form 3,5-Diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine which is then quantified by colorimetry using a liquid core waveguide (LCW).To obtain an annular flow, 3 different hydrophilic silica capillaries of 320, 450 and 530 µm ID were tested and the corresponding phase diagrams were obtained in the ranges of liquid and gas flows of 5–35 µL min−1 and 5–35 mL min−1 respectively.Finally, the analytical performances were determined using the lowest flow values of 5 µL min−1 and 5 NmL min−1, ensuring an annular flow and increasing the microdevice autonomy. If the uptake yield of gaseous formaldehyde into the solution was close to 100%, only the 530 µm ID capillary permits to obtain a reaction time long enough for a full conversion of formaldehyde into 3,5-Diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine. With a LCW pathlength of 5 cm, the microdevice response was perfectly linear in the range 0–154 µg m−3 with a detection limit of 1.8 µg m−3.

Published
2017
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