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1. Contrasted agronomical and physiological responses of five Coffea arabica genotypes under soil water deficit in field conditions

Author

Thuan Sarzynski, Philippe Vaast, Clément Rigal, Pierre Marraccini, Boris Delahaie, Frédéric Georget, Chang Thi Quynh Nguyen, Hung Phi Nguyen, Hai Thi Thanh Nguyen, Quyen Luu Ngoc, Giang Khong Ngan, Laurent Bossolasco, and Hervé Etienne

Subjects
climate change, Coffea arabica, drought tolerance, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, plant physiology, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

IntroductionBreeding programs have developed high-yielding Coffea arabica F1-hybrids as an adaptation against adverse conditions associated with climate change. However, theresponse to drought of coffee F1 hybrids has seldom been assessed.MethodsA trial was established with five C. arabica genotypes (2 pure lines: Catimor and Marsellesa and 3 F1 hybrids: Starmaya, Centroamericano and Mundo Maya) planted under the leguminous tree species Leuceana leucocephala. Coffee growth, yield and physiological responses were assessed under a rain-fed (control: CON) and a rainfall reduction treatment (RR) for 2 years.ResultsThe RR treatment created a long-term rainfall deficit in a region with suboptimal temperature similar to those predicted by climate change scenarios. Moreover, the RR treatment reduced soil water content by 14% over 2 successive years of production and increased hydric stress of the three F1-hybrids (leaf water potentials averaged -0.8 MPa under RR compared with -0.4 MPa under CON). Under RR, coffee yields were reduced from 16 to 75% compared to CON. Mundo Maya F1 hybrid was the sole high-yielding genotype apable of sustaining its yield under RR conditions. Our results suggested that its significant increase in fine root density (CON = 300 and RR = 910 root.m-2) and its maintenance of photosynthetic rate (2.5 – 3.5 mmol CO2 m-2 s-1) at high evaporative demand might explain why this genotype maintained high yield under RR condition.DiscussionThis work highlights a possible drought tolerance mechanism in fruit bearing adult coffee trees where the plant fine root number increases to intake more water in order to preserve turgor and sustainphotosynthesis at high ETo and therefore conserves high yield in dry conditions.

Published
2024
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2. ShadeTreeAdvice methodology: Guiding tree‐species selection using local knowledge

Author

Clément Rigal, Sigrun Wagner, Mai Phuong Nguyen, Laurence Jassogne, and Philippe Vaast

Subjects
agroforestry, decision support tool, ecosystem services, farming practices, local ecological knowledge, shade tree species, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, GF1-900, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Selection of shade tree species for agroforestry systems must take the complexity of these systems into account. Tree species selection should maximize the provision of ecosystem services while minimizing disservices. Selected species must be adapted to local agroecological conditions and cater to farmers' needs, while considering their preferences and constraints. The ShadeTreeAdvice methodology was developed to support said selection process using farmers' local ecological knowledge. It provides the steps to rapidly identify tree species and evaluate their impacts on a range of locally important ecosystem services. Results are uploaded to a decision support tool to tailor tree species recommendations to individual farmers' needs (www.shadetreeadvice.org). During the 5 year timeframe between 2016 and 2020, eight studies following this methodology were conducted in various coffee and cocoa growing regions across Africa, Asia and Central America. This article looks back at these studies to synthesize their findings and evaluate the methodology. We identified similarities in the use of tree species across different study areas, notably regarding leguminous and fruit tree species. We showed that the method was efficient to evaluate tree species' impacts on soil and climate regulation, crop production, and economic benefits. It was less efficient for evaluating impacts related to incidence of pests and diseases, often associated with knowledge gaps. The method also successfully allowed investigating the links between LEK and socio‐economic groups or environmental factors. Furthermore, we suggest a series of improvements in the methodology for future studies. These improvements include (i) broadening the scope of studies beyond tree species provision of ecosystem services to include tree species impact on farming practices; (ii) allowing the comparison of tree performances in agroforestry systems versus in full sun; (iii) providing a clear pathway for validation of the results; (iv) using tree species' functional traits to generalize the results. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Published
2022
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3. Shaded-Coffee: A Nature-Based Strategy for Coffee Production Under Climate Change? A Review

Author

Athina Koutouleas, Thuan Sarzynski, Melanie Bordeaux, Aske Skovmand Bosselmann, Claudine Campa, Hervé Etienne, Nerea Turreira-García, Clément Rigal, Philippe Vaast, José Cochicho Ramalho, Pierre Marraccini, and Anders Ræbild

Subjects
agroforestry, bean quality, climate change, Coffea, crop management, hybrid, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Coffee is deemed to be a high-risk crop in light of upcoming climate changes. Agroforestry practices have been proposed as a nature-based strategy for coffee farmers to mitigate and adapt to future climates. However, with agroforestry systems comes shade, a highly contentious factor for coffee production in terms of potential yield reduction, as well as additional management needs and interactions between shade trees and pest and disease. In this review, we summarize recent research relating to the effects of shade on (i) farmers' use and perceptions, (ii) the coffee microenvironment, (iii) pest and disease incidence, (iv) carbon assimilation and phenology of coffee plants, (v) coffee quality attributes (evaluated by coffee bean size, biochemical compounds, and cup quality tests), (vi) breeding of new Arabica coffee F1 hybrids and Robusta clones for future agroforestry systems, and (vii) coffee production under climate change. Through this work, we begin to decipher whether shaded systems are a feasible strategy to improve the coffee crop sustainability in anticipation of challenging climate conditions. Further research is proposed for developing new coffee varieties adapted to agroforestry systems (exhibiting traits suitable for climate stressors), refining extension tools by selecting locally-adapted shade trees species and developing policy and economic incentives enabling the adoption of sustainable agroforestry practices.

Published
2022
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4. Using farmers' local knowledge of tree provision of ecosystem services to strengthen the emergence of coffee-agroforestry landscapes in southwest China.

Author

Clément Rigal, Philippe Vaast, and Jianchu Xu

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Intensive monoculture coffee farms quickly expanded in Yunnan Province in the 1990's and 2000's. In 2012, local authorities in Pu'er and Xishuangbanna Prefectures, the main coffee producing centre in the province, initiated a large-scale conversion program of these farms towards coffee-agroforestry systems to promote "ecologically-friendly coffee". Shade tree inventories and household interviews were conducted in these two prefectures to characterize coffee farms and the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of farmers on the provision of ecosystem services by associated tree species. This study on newly emerging coffee farming systems revealed a high level of tree species diversity at both farm and landscape levels despite the previous dominance of intensive coffee monoculture and the large-scale distribution of a limited number of shade tree species by the government. 162 tree species were encountered during farm inventories, out of which the community of coffee farmers was able to rank 30 against 9 ecosystem services and disservices. This study reveals that this LEK is a type of hybrid knowledge that still relies mostly on traditional knowledge of tree species combined with experience acquired from newly-implemented coffee-agroforestry practices. This study also pointed out knowledge gaps regarding the impact of mature trees on coffee yield, coffee quality and pest control. The participatory approach resulted in the identification of non-promoted species with a high potential to provide locally relevant ecosystem services in coffee-agroforestry systems. These results lead to the upgrade of an online tool (www.shadetreeadvice.org) which allows extension services generating lists of recommended shade tree species tailored to the local ecological context and individual farmers' needs. This tool will benefit farmers' livelihood, support landscape health and contribute to the sustainability of the emerging Yunnan coffee agriculture sector.

Published
2018
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6. Genetic-environment interactions and climatic variables effect on bean physical characteristics and chemical composition of Coffea arabica

Author

Thuan Sarzynski, Benoît Bertrand, Clément Rigal, Pierre Marraccini, Philippe Vaast, Frédéric Georget, Claudine Campa, Cécile Abdallah, Chang Thi Quynh Nguyen, Hung Phi Nguyen, Hai Thi Thanh Nguyen, Quyen Luu Ngoc, Giang Khong Ngan, Thang Vu Viet, Luciano Navarini, Valentina Lonzarich, Laurent Bossolasco, Hervé Etienne, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Vietnam], World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Direction du département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Direction Persyst), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Phuc Sinh Son Corporation, illycaffé S.p.A, ECOM Agroindustrial [Ho Chi Minh City], We thank all employees (master and PhD students, researchers) of Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI-Hanoi) and the Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI) for their technical support. We thank Phuc Sinh staff for their help in processing the coffee beans. We thank the laboratories which analyzed the coffee beans, Eurofins, Nantes – France, the Centre of Functional Genomics, Bordeaux – France, Illy-cafè, Milan – Italy. Lipidomics analyses were performed on the Bordeaux Metabolome Facility (Supported by MetaboHub ANR-11-INBS-0010). This research was funded by the European Commission in the framework of BREEDCAFS Project (http://www.breedcafs.eu) Horizon 2020 – Research and Innovation Programme H2020-SFS-2016-2 (grant agreement number 727934)., ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), and European Project: 727934,H2020,H2020-EU.3.2,BREEDCAFS (2017)

Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics, climate change, genetic-environment interactions, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, coffee, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, bean chemical content, Agronomy and Crop Science, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effects of the environment and genotype in the coffee bean chemical composition were studied using nine trials covering an altitudinal gradient [600–1100 m above sea level (a.s.l.)] with three genotypes of Coffea arabica in the northwest mountainous region of Vietnam. The impacts of the climatic conditions on bean physical characteristics and chemical composition were assessed. RESULTS: We showed that the environment had a significant effect on the bean density and on all bean chemical compounds. The environment effect was stronger than the genotype and genotype-environment interaction effects for cafestol, kahweol, arachidic (C20:0), behenic acid (C22:0), 2,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, benzaldehyde, benzene ethanol, butyrolactone, decane, dodecane, ethanol, pentanoic acid, and phenylacetaldehyde bean content. A 2 °C increase in temperature had more influence on bean chemical compounds than a 100 mm increase in soil water content. Temperature was positively correlated with lipids and volatile compounds. With an innovative method using iterative moving averages, we showed that correlation of temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and rainfall with lipids and volatiles was higher between the 10th and 20th weeks after flowering highlighting this period as crucial for the synthesis of these chemicals. Genotype specific responses were evidenced and could be considered in future breeding programmes to maintain coffee beverage quality in the midst of climate change. CONCLUSION: This first study of the effect of the genotype–environment interactions on chemical compounds enhances our understanding of the sensitivity of coffee quality to genotype environment interactions during bean development. This work addresses the growing concern of the effect of climate change on speciality crops and more specifically coffee. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2023

8. Young shade trees improve soil quality in intensively managed coffee systems recently converted to agroforestry in Yunnan Province, China

Author

Clément Rigal, Jianchu Xu, Philippe Vaast, Kunming Institute of Botany, World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), World Agroforestry Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Philippines] (ICRAF), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UP Los Baños), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, 0106 biological sciences, Cinnamomum camphora, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, Soil Science, Coffea, Conservation des sols, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Jacaranda, Soil retrogression and degradation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Soil organic matter, Shade tree, P34 - Biologie du sol, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, Soil quality, K10 - Production forestière, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Background and aims The trend of soil degradation in intensive open coffee systems is well-documented. This study highlights the impact of young shade trees on soil quality only 4 years after their intercropping with coffee. Methods 18 young shade trees belonging to three tree species (Cinnamomum camphora, Bishofia javanica and Jacaranda mimosifolia) were selected in an intensive coffee system in Southern Yunnan. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were tested for chemical composition, soil communities and soil enzyme activities under their canopies and in open areas, both in coffee rows and inter-rows, once during the rainy and once during the dry season. Additionally, root systems were characterized using trenches. Soil water profiles and litterfall were monitored along the production cycle. Coffee yield was recorded for two consecutive years. Results We detected a positive impact of all shade tree species on soil chemical, biological and biochemical components, especially during the dry season. This positive impact included higher soil organic matter (+10%) and more abundant soil microbial communities (+64%) under shaded coffee than under open coffee. Furthermore , shaded coffee trees yielded as much as open coffee trees, except under C. camphora, probably due to high below-ground competition. Conclusions These results demonstrate that carefully selected shade trees can rapidly contribute to preserving and/or restoring soil quality in intensive coffee systems, while maintaining high coffee yield.

Published
2019

9. Coffee production during the transition period from monoculture to agroforestry systems in near optimal growing conditions, in Yunnan Province

Author

Clément Rigal, Philippe Vaast, Minghua Qiu, Jianchu Xu, Guilin Hu, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, Microclimate, Cinnamomum camphora, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, rendement, Agroforesterie, Biology, 01 natural sciences, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Dry season, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Agroforestry, Coffea arabica, Shade tree, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, services écosystémiques, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Microclimat, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Monoculture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Pruning
Abstract

Large-scale conversions from monoculture arabica coffee systems to agroforestry systems started in 2012 in southern Yunnan Province. This study analyses the impact of young shade trees (Cinnamomum camphora, Bishofia javanica and Jacaranda mimosifolia) on microclimate, coffee fruit development cycle, coffee yield, and coffee quality only 4 years after their introduction. The results show that young shade trees reduced diurnal fluctuations in temperatures, buffered high temperatures in the rainy season (−3 to −6 °C), and protected coffee trees from cold temperatures in the dry season (+0.5 to +1 °C). Coffee flower set decreased with shade intensity, as did fruit losses during the bean filling and maturation stages. Consequently, coffee trees under B. javanica and J. mimosifolia, which both provide light shade intensity, produced yields similar to those of coffee trees in open conditions. Only coffee trees under the dense shade of C. camphora had lower yields. Shade trees did not affect the physical and organoleptic attributes of coffee beans. This study hence demonstrates that carefully selected shade trees can rapidly provide positive ecosystem services related to microclimate and coffee physiology, while maintaining a coffee yield and quality similar to those found in monoculture coffee systems. With their diffused shade, B. javanica and J. mimosifolia are suitable options for the agro-ecological intensification of coffee systems, while the use of C. camphora requires active management and pruning practices in order to sustain high coffee yield.

Published
2020

10. Using farmers' local knowledge of tree provision of ecosystem services to strengthen the emergence of coffee-agroforestry landscapes in southwest China

Author

Philippe Vaast, Clément Rigal, Jianchu Xu, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), World Agroforestry Centre, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Philippines] (ICRAF), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UP Los Baños), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Agroforesterie, Connaissance indigène, 01 natural sciences, Coffee, Ecosystem services, Trees, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Ethnicities, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforests, Multidisciplinary, Farmers, Ecology, Agroforestry, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biodiversity, Coffea arabica, Plants, Livelihood, Professions, Pratique culturale, Geography, Knowledge, Agroécosystème, Agricultural Workers, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Research Article, China, Conservation of Natural Resources, Farms, Écologie, Ecological Metrics, Context (language use), Ecosystems, Fruits, Traditional knowledge, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Shade tree, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Species Diversity, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, services écosystémiques, Sustainability, People and Places, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, Système de culture, Pest Control, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Agroecology
Abstract

International audience; Intensive monoculture coffee farms quickly expanded in Yunnan Province in the 1990's and 2000's. In 2012, local authorities in Pu'er and Xishuangbanna Prefectures, the main coffee producing centre in the province, initiated a large-scale conversion program of these farms towards coffee-agroforestry systems to promote "ecologically-friendly coffee". Shade tree inventories and household interviews were conducted in these two prefectures to characterize coffee farms and the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of farmers on the provision of ecosystem services by associated tree species. This study on newly emerging coffee farming systems revealed a high level of tree species diversity at both farm and landscape levels despite the previous dominance of intensive coffee monoculture and the large-scale distribution of a limited number of shade tree species by the government. 162 tree species were encountered during farm inventories, out of which the community of coffee farmers was able to rank 30 against 9 ecosystem services and disservices. This study reveals that this LEK is a type of hybrid knowledge that still relies mostly on traditional knowledge of tree species combined with experience acquired from newly-implemented coffee-agroforestry practices. This study also pointed out knowledge gaps regarding the impact of mature trees on coffee yield, coffee quality and pest control. The participatory approach resulted in the identification of non-promoted species with a high potential to provide locally relevant ecosystem services in coffee-agroforestry systems. These results lead to the upgrade of an online tool (www. shadetreeadvice.org) which allows extension services generating lists of recommended shade tree species tailored to the local ecological context and individual farmers' needs. This tool will benefit farmers' livelihood, support landscape health and contribute to the sustainability of the emerging Yunnan coffee agriculture sector.

Published
2018

11. Can we go beyond timber and manage for both timber and non-timber forest products? The case of rattans near Kisangani, DR Congo

Author

Jean-Marie Kahindo, Robert Nasi, Jean-Pierre Mate, and Clément Rigal

Subjects
Geography, biology, Forestry, Rattan, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Rattans, one of the major non-timber forest products used by the population in and around Kisangani (Democratic Republic of Congo), are a significant source of income and the basis of a very active informal sector focused towards supplying the city with raw canes. We present the effects of harvest and light availability on the demography of two common rattan species in the Yoko forest reserve, near Kisangani: Eremospatha haullevilleana De Wild. and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze. We studied clump demography for a year, under variable light condition and harvesting regimes (control, partial harvest and complete harvest of adult stems). We show a positive effect of full and partial light availability on the dynamic of individuals for both species but with variable treatment responses. We also demonstrate that a partial harvest of two-thirds of adults cane is beneficial or nondetrimental to the production of new shoots under partial or full-light conditions. These results suggest opportunities for multiple-use management that integrate timber and rattan harvesting in forest around Kisangani. Resume Le rotin, un des principaux produits forestiers non ligneux utilises par la population de Kisangani (Republique Democratique du Congo) et des environs, est une source de revenus importante a la base d'un secteur informel tres dynamique qui se charge de fournir la ville en cannes brutes. Nous presentons ici les effets de la collecte et de la disponibilite en lumiere sur la demographie de deux especes de rotin, Eremospatha haullevilleana De Wild. et Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze, communes dans la foret de Yoko, pres de Kisangani. Nous avons etudie la demographie des massifs pendant un an, sous differentes conditions de luminosite et de regimes de recoltes (controle, recolte partielle et collecte complete des plants adultes). Nous montrons qu'il y a un effet positif de la disponibilite totale et partielle de lumiere sur la dynamique des individus dans les deux especes mais avec des reponses variables aux differents traitements. Nous montrons aussi qu'une recolte partielle de 2/3 des cannes adultes est soit profitable, soit non dommageable pour la production de nouvelles pousses en cas de luminosite partielle ou totale. Ces resultats suggerent des possibilites pour une gestion multi-ressources qui integre la collecte de grumes et du rotin dans les forets autour de Kisangani.

Published
2014

12. Ecosystem Services and Importance of Common Tree Species in Coffee-Agroforestry Systems: Local Knowledge of Small-Scale Farmers at Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Author

Sigrun Wagner, Clement Rigal, Theresa Liebig, Rudolf Mremi, Andreas Hemp, Martin Jones, Elizabeth Price, and Richard Preziosi

Subjects
shade tree species, farmers’ knowledge, east africa, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

Research Highlights: Global coffee production, especially in smallholder farming systems, is vulnerable and must adapt in the face of climate change. To this end, shaded agroforestry systems are a promising strategy. Background and Objectives: Understanding local contexts is a prerequisite for designing locally tailored systems; this can be achieved by utilizing farmers’ knowledge. Our objective is to explore ecosystem services (ESs) provided by different shade tree species as perceived by farmers and possible factors (elevation, gender, and membership in local farmers groups) influencing these perceptions. We related these factors, as well as farmers’ ESs preferences, to planting densities of tree species. Materials and Methods: During interviews with 263 small-scale coffee farmers on the southern slope of Mt. Kilimanjaro, they ranked the most common shade tree species according to perceived provision of the locally most important ESs for coffee farmers. We asked them to estimate the population of each tree species on their coffee fields and to identify the three ESs most important for their household. Results: Food, fodder, and fuelwood emerged as the most important ESs, with 37.8% of the respondents mentioning all three as priorities. Density of tree species perceived to provide these three ESs were significantly higher for farmers prioritizing these services compared to farmers that did not consider all three ESs in their top three. Albizia schimperiana scored the highest for all rankings of regulatory ESs such as coffee yield improvement, quality shade provision, and soil fertility improvement. Influence of elevation, gender, and farmer group affiliation was negligible for all rankings. Conclusions: This study shows the need to understand factors underlying farmers’ management decisions before recommending shade tree species. Our results led to the upgrade of the online tool (shadetreeadvice.org) which generates lists of potential common shade tree species tailored to local ecological context considering individual farmers’ needs.

Published
2019
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