118 results on '"Cláudio Laks Eizirik"'
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2. Psicanálise e cultura
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Cultura ocidental ,filosofia ,história ,perspectiva ,Medicine - Abstract
A evolução e o uso corrente do conceito de cultura será brevemente discutido. São apresentados dois pontos de vista divergentes sobre a relação inicial entre a psicanálise e a cultura, bem como a ilustração da influência da primeira na segunda, tanto em décadas passadas como no presente. Alguns aspectos gerais da cultura ocidental dos dias atuais são apresentados, incluindo: a avalanche de informação, a cultura do narcisismo, as tentações da acomodação, a ideologia da mídia visual e a cultura “light” e cinco proposições que tentam caracterizar a “sensibilidade pós-moderna”. Por fim, quatro desafios enfrentados atualmente pela psicanálise são discutidos: a natureza variável de contracorrentes filosóficas e culturais, enquanto influência na psicanálise como uma disciplina; o empirismo em contraposição à abordagem hermenêutica; os ataques à psicanálise como sendo uma disciplina e uma profissão elitista; o enfraquecimento de preocupações subjetivistas e existenciais e um maior interesse em uma relação mais coletivista e pragmática com a realidade. O autor oferece sugestões para lidar com cada um destes desafios.
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- 2022
3. Countertransference and therapeutic alliance in the early stage of adult psychodynamic psychotherapy
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Diogo de Bitencourt Machado, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Catherine Lapolli, Beatriz Franck Tavares, Laura Sigaran Pio de Almeida, Giovana Barreto da Silva, Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psicoterapia ,psicoterapia psicanalítica ,psicanálise ,contratransferência ,aliança terapêutica ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objectives:The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between countertransference (CT) and therapeutic alliance (TA) during the early stages of psychodynamic psychotherapy. A secondary objective is to assess associations between CT and variables related to therapist and patient and between CT and other patient variables investigated, which were defense mechanisms, symptomology and functionality.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 30 patients treated by 17 different therapists at the psychotherapy clinics of two psychiatry centers. Assessments of each patient-therapist pair were conducted between their fourth and 10th sessions.Results: The CT distance domain exhibited a moderate negative correlation with TA, particularly its sub-dimension representing the patient's capacity for work in therapy. Moderate positive correlations were observed between CT distance and the splitting defense mechanism and between CT closeness and suppression defenses, in addition to moderate negative correlation between CT indifference and the fantasy defense mechanism. Another finding was higher scores for CT indifference in association with socioeconomic classes D and E.Conclusions: The quality of CT may provide a source of information about TA. A high degree of CT distance represents a low level of TA, particularly with relation to the patient's working capacity, although presence of the splitting defense mechanism can affect CT, to the extent that it constitutes a confounding variable. The concept of CT is useful to psychotherapists, providing a source of information about the patient's internal world and about certain elements of therapy, such as the quality of TA, which is important for good treatment results.
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- 2015
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4. Systematic review of studies about countertransference in adult psychotherapy
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Diogo de Bitencourt Machado, Fábio Monteiro da Cunha Coelho, Augusto Dutra Giacomelli, Mariana Almeida Lopes Donassolo, Morgana Sonza Abitante, Tatiane Dall'Agnol, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psicoterapia ,contratransferência ,revisão ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Countertransference, the emotional reaction of a psychotherapist toward a patient, is an important technical element of psychotherapy. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and describe the main findings of studies that evaluated countertransference in adult psychotherapy.METHODS: A search was conducted of the databases Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Knowledge to retrieve data published in any language at any time.RESULTS:Of the 1,081 studies found in the databases, 25 were selected. Most were about psychodynamic psychotherapy, and results indicated that positive countertransference, that is, feelings of closeness to the patient, are associated with positive outcomes, such as symptom improvement and good therapeutic alliance.CONCLUSIONS: Although few studies were found in the literature, countertransference seems to be an important source of knowledge about several aspects, such as treatment outcomes, attachment style, therapeutic alliance, patient symptoms and diagnoses.
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- 2014
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5. Momentos distintos no abandono da psicoterapia psicanalítica
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Simone Isabel Jung, Fernanda Barcellos Serralta, Maria Lucia Tiellet Nunes, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Abandono ,psicoterapia psicanalítica ,pesquisa qualitativa ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objetivo Identificar características de início e término de tratamento de pacientes que abandonaram a psicoterapia psicanalítica (PP) em momentos distintos: entre 2 e 11 meses (abandono médio = AM) ou com mais de um ano (abandono tardio = AT) de psicoterapia. Métodos Entrevistas iniciais e de pós-tratamento de 14 adultos (sete de AM e sete de AT), classificados por seus psicoterapeutas como pacientes que abandonaram a psicoterapia, foram analisadas utilizando-se o método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados As entrevistas iniciais geraram cinco categorias (motivo, objetivos, disposição para mudança, tratamento anterior, transferência) e as de pós-tratamento geraram três categorias (processo de mudança, avaliação de resultados, término). Conclusão Em comparação com os pacientes de AT, os pacientes de AM apresentaram maior resistência, possuíam expectativas de mais apoio, apresentaram menor transferência positiva e mais queixas depressivas e relataram experiências negativas com tratamentos anteriores. A maior parte dos pacientes de AM iniciou o tratamento por indicação de terceiros, enquanto a maioria dos de AT buscou a psicoterapia por conta própria. Na entrevista pós-tratamento, os pacientes de AM revelaram mais resistência durante o processo de psicoterapia, demonstraram menor capacidade de insight e fizeram avaliações mais negativas do tratamento, tanto nos aspectos gerais como nos específicos. A diferenciação dos grupos de AM e AT é tênue, sendo necessárias mais investigações sobre a temática.
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- 2014
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6. Therapeutic relationship on the web: to face or not to face?
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Ana Sfoggia, Clarice Kowacs, Marina Bento Gastaud, Pricilla Braga Laskoski, Ana Margareth Bassols, Charlie Trelles Severo, Diogo Machado, Daniela Valle Krieger, Mariana Benetti Torres, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Rafael Stella Wellausen, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Terapia psicanalítica ,internet ,rede social ,redes de comunicação de computadores ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
In this age of unprecedented expansion of media and information dissemination and sharing, the use of electronic means should be reconsidered. The use of new technologies should be studied to understand how it may affect the relationship between patient and therapist during psychotherapy or psychoanalytic treatments. This study offers a critical discussion of the effect of technologies on clinical practice, and vignettes are used to describe their impact on frame, anonymity, abstinence and therapeutic neutrality. Transfer and countertransference issues resulting from these changes are also discussed. The potential benefits of new technologies in psychotherapy are appreciated, but the authors draw attention to the need to reflect about the presence of the therapist in those technologies and the preservation of the therapeutic setting, so that a satisfactory progression of the work of the dyad is ensured. This study also discusses the use of technologies in the expansion of learning and application of the therapeutic technique to overcome geographic and time barriers, among others.
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- 2014
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7. Beginning and end of treatment of patients who dropped out of psychoanalytic psychotherapy
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Simone Isabel Jung, Fernanda Barcellos Serralta, Maria Lucia Tiellet Nunes, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Abandono de tratamento ,psicoterapia psicanalítica ,pesquisa qualitativa ,serviços de saúde mental ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Introduction: Even though it is expected that patients and therapist will agree on when to terminate psychotherapy, quite often patients discontinue treatment on their own. This study aims to better understand dropout in psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PP). Method: Baseline and post-treatment interviews were conducted with six adult women classified by their therapists as dropout patients at a PP outpatient clinic. Results were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis. Results: Content analysis generated five categories (reasons for treatment, goals, readiness to change, previous treatment, transference) for the baseline interviews and three categories (change process, results, interruption) for post-treatment interviews. Unclear treatment goals, low readiness to change, early signs of negative transference and resistance, and absence of recognition of their own participation in problems emerged in baseline interviews. In most cases, the patient's evaluation of the therapeutic relationship was not determinant of dropout. Therapeutic gains, dissatisfaction, and resistance during the psychotherapeutic process seemed to be associated with noncompliance. Conclusions: Decisions to initiate, continue, or quit PP depend on multiple factors, such as initial goals, readiness to change, insight capacity, awareness of personal problems, resistance, and transference. However, these factors should be considered in view of the methodological limitations of this study. Further investigation of PP dropout is still necessary.
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- 2013
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8. Trauma and countertransference: development and validity of the Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACS) Trauma e contratransferência: desenvolvimento e validação da Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACS)
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Érico de Moura Silveira Júnior, Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk, Mariana Eizirik, Simone Hauck, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, and Lúcia Helena Freitas Ceitlin
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contratransferência ,vítimas de trauma ,validade ,análise fatorial ,countertransference ,trauma victims ,validity ,factor analysis ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACS) in the context of the trauma care, through the identification of the underlying latent constructs of the measured items and their homogeneity. METHODS: ACS assesses 23 feelings of CT in three factors: closeness, rejection and indifference. ACS was applied to 50 residents in psychiatry after the first appointment with 131 victims of trauma consecutively selected during 4 years. ACS was analyzed by exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis, internal consistence and convergent-discriminant validity. RESULTS In spite of the fact that closeness items obtained the highest scores, the EFA showed that the factor rejection (24% of variance, α = 0.88) presented a more consistent intercorrelation of the items, followed by closeness (15% of variance, α = 0.82) and, a distinct factor, sadness (9% of variance, α = 0.72). Thus, a modified version was proposed. In the comparison between the original and the proposed version, CFA detected better goodness-of-fit indexes for the proposed version (GFI = 0.797, TLI = 0.867, CFI = 0.885 vs. GFI = 0.824, TLI = 0.904, CFI = 0.918). CONCLUSIONS: ACS is a promising instrument for assessing CT feelings, making it valid to access during the care of trauma victims.OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a validade de construto da Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACS) no atendimento a vítimas de trauma, pela identificação de construtos latentes subjacentes dos itens medidos e sua homogeneidade. MÉTODOS: A ACS avalia 23 sentimentos de CT em três fatores: proximidade, rejeição e indiferença. A ACS foi aplicada a 50 residentes de psiquiatria após a primeira consulta com 131 vítimas de trauma selecionadas consecutivamente durante 4 anos. A ACS foi analisada por análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC), consistência interna e validade convergente-discriminante. RESULTADOS: Apesar do fato dos itens de proximidade terem obtido os escores mais altos, a AFE demonstrou que o fator de rejeição (24% da variância, α = 0,88) apresentou uma intercorrelação mais consistente dos itens, seguido pela proximidade (15% da variância, α = 0,82) e um fator distinto, tristeza (9% da variância, α = 0,72). Foi proposta, portanto, uma versão modificada. Na comparação entre a versão original e a proposta, a AFC detectou índices de adequação melhores para a versão proposta (GFI = 0,797, TLI = 0,867, CFI = 0,885 vs . GFI = 0,824, TLI = 0,904, CFI = 0,918). CONCLUSÕES: A ACS é um instrumento promissor para a avaliação de sentimentos de CT, tornando seu uso válido para a avaliação durante o cuidado de vítimas de trauma.
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- 2012
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9. Can countertransference at the early stage of trauma care predict patient dropout of psychiatric treatment? Contratransferência no atendimento inicial de vítimas de trauma pode predizer o abandono do tratamento psiquiátrico?
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Érico de Moura Silveira Júnior, Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk, Simone Hauck, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, and Lúcia Helena Freitas Ceitlin
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Contratransferência (psicologia) ,Resultado do tratamento ,Estresse psicológico ,Violência ,Brasil ,Countertransference (psychology) ,Treatment outcome ,Stress, psychological ,Violence ,Brazil ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between feelings of countertransference (CT) at the early psychiatric care provided to trauma victims and treatment outcome. METHOD: The Assessment of Countertransference Scale was used to access CT after the first medical appointment. Fifty psychiatric residents cared for 131 trauma victims of whom 83% were women, aged 15 to 64 years. Patients had been consecutively selected over 4 years. Were evaluated the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and the correlation with the therapists' CT feelings. Patients were followed-up during treatment to verify the association between initial CT and treatment outcome, defined as discharge and dropout. RESULTS: The median number of appointments was 5 [4; 8], absences 1 [0; 1], and the dropout rate was 34.4%. Both groups, namely the discharge group and the dropout group, shared similar clinical and demographic characteristics. A multivariate analysis identified that patients with a reported history of childhood trauma were 61% less likely to dropout from treatment than patients with no reported history of childhood trauma (OR = 0.39, p = 0.039, CI95% 0.16-0.95). There was no association between initial CT and treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, CT in the initial care of trauma victims was not associated with treatment outcome. Further studies should assess changes in CT during treatment, and how such changes impact treatment outcome.OBJETIVOS: Investigar a associação entre contratransferência (CT) no atendimento psiquiátrico inicial de vítimas de trauma e desfechos do tratamento. MÉTODO: A contratransferência de 50 terapeutas foi avaliada através da Assessment of Countertransference Scale após o primeiro atendimento de 131 vítimas de trauma (83% mulheres, idade entre 15 e 64 anos) selecionadas consecutivamente durante 4 anos. Foram avaliadas características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes, e investigaram-se seus correlatos com os sentimentos contratransferenciais dos terapeutas. Os pacientes foram acompanhados ao longo do tratamento para verificar a associação entre a CT e o desfecho do tratamento, operacionalizado como alta ou abandono. RESULTADOS: A mediana de consultas realizadas foi 5 [4; 8], faltas 1 [0; 1] e taxa de abandono 34,4%. As características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes dos grupos alta e abandono foram similares. Na análise multivariada, identificou-se que pacientes com relato de trauma na infância tiveram uma chance 61% menor de abandonar o tratamento que pacientes sem relato de trauma na infância (OR = 0,39; p = 0,039; IC 95% 0,16-0,95). Não foi detectada associação entre sentimentos contratransferenciais iniciais com os desfechos do tratamento. Conclusões: A CT no atendimento inicial de vítimas de trauma não esteve associada ao desfecho do tratamento. Estudos futuros devem avaliar a modificação da CT ao longo do tratamento e seu impacto sobre os desfechos.
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- 2011
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10. Adult mood disorders and childhood psychological trauma
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Maria Lucrécia Scherer Zavaschi, Maria Elisa Graeff, Marcos Tatit Menegassi, Victor Mardini, Denise Winkler Simões Pires, Rafael Homem de Carvalho, Luis Augusto Rohde, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Mood disorders ,Mental disorders ,Psychotic disorders ,Parent-child relations ,Child abuse ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between adult mood disorders and childhood psychological trauma in a developing country. METHOD: Adults with and without mood disorders were assessed in a case-control study using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Assessment of childhood trauma included physical and sexual abuse, frequent exposure to violence, and parental loss. RESULTS: In two independent multivariate analyses, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found a higher odds ratio for frequent exposure to violence in the community (p = .037) and for physical abuse by parents or caregivers during childhood/adolescence (p = .012) in the group with mood disorders than in the control group. In secondary analyses splitting the mood disorder group in two subgroups (manic episode, and major depressive episodes/ dysthymia), only manic patients showed significantly higher rates of frequent exposure to violence in the community (p = 0.01) and physical abuse during childhood (p = 0.02) than did patients in the control group. In addition, maniac patients had significantly higher rates of sexual abuse than did controls (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings document an association between violence during childhood and adult mood disorders, especially for manic patients, in a developing country.
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- 2006
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11. A integração da psicofarmacoterapia e psicoterapia de orientação analítica: uma revisão crítica The integration of psychopharmacotherapy and psychoanalytical psychotherapy: a critical review
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Benício Noronha Frey, Luiz Carlos Mabilde, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Terapia psicanalítica ,Psicofarmacologia ,Terapia combinada ,Psychoanalytic therapy ,Psychopharmacology ,Combined modality therapy ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: A integração entre a psicoterapia e a psicofarmacoterapia tem sido uma questão conflitante na história da psiquiatria. Ainda hoje, observa-se uma dicotomia entre as correntes "biológica" e "psicológica", embora estudos mais recentes venham demonstrando a importância da associação dessas modalidades na prática psiquiátrica atual. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os aspectos psicodinâmicos e técnicos, entre outros, que envolvem a integração entre o tratamento medicamentoso e psicoterápico. MÉTODOS: A revisão da literatura foi realizada através da busca on-line das bases de dados MEDLINE, PsychoINFO e Lilacs, no período entre 1966 e setembro de 2002. RESULTADOS: Os estudos revisados demonstraram que a aplicação do tratamento combinado parece ser uma associação positiva. CONCLUSÕES: A eficácia do tratamento combinado depende da capacidade de integração das diferentes formas de tratamento. São necessárias mais pesquisas nesta área.OBJECTIVE: Integration between psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy has been a conflicting subject in the history of psychiatry. To date, dichotomy between "biological" and "psychological" models is noticed, although recent studies have been showing the importance of the association of these modalities in the current psychiatric practice. This study attempts to review psychodynamic, technical, and other issues involving the integration of pharmacological and psychotherapeutical treatments. METHODS: Literature search was based on MEDLINE, PsychoINFO and Lilacs, referring to the period from 1966 to September 2002. RESULTS: The studies reviewed demonstrated that the application of combined treatment might be positive. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of the combined treatment depends on the capacity of the integration of the different forms of treatment. More research is necessary in this area.
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- 2004
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12. Associação entre trauma por perda na infância e depressão na vida adulta
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Maria Lucrécia Scherer Zavaschi, Fabíola Satler, Daniela Poester, Cláudia Ferrão Vargas, Rafael Piazenski, Luís Augusto Paim Rohde, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Acontecimentos que mudam a vida ,Depressão ,Associação ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Observações clínicas efetuadas por psicanalistas sugerem que psicopatologias da idade adulta podem ter sido originadas na infância. Estudos publicados na última década identificaram associação entre trauma na infância e depressão na vida adulta. Vivências traumáticas na infância, como a perda de vínculos afetivos devido à morte de pais ou de irmãos ou, ainda, a privação de um ou de ambos os pais por separação ou abandono constituem importantes fatores associados à depressão na vida adulta. O objetivo do presente artigo é revisar a literatura dos últimos dez anos, considerando os fatores associados à depressão, particularmente aqueles relacionados aos estressores presentes na infância. A metodologia utilizada foi de busca on-line nas bases de dados Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane e Lilacs, referentes ao período de maio de 1991 a maio de 2001. A maioria dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão encontrou uma associação significativa entre trauma por perdas na infância e depressão na vida adulta, com variação na intensidade das associações observadas.
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- 2002
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13. PSICANÁLISE E UNIVERSIDADE: PESQUISA
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2001
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14. Amor e Ódio nas Instituições Médicas
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Instituições Médicas ,Medicine - Published
- 2009
15. A Prevalência de Estresse em uma Amostra de Estudantes do Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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Ana Margareth Bassols, Anne Orgler Sordi, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Gabriela Marques Seeger, Graziela Smaniotto Rodrigues, and Mateus Reche
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acadêmico ,medicina ,estresse ,ansiedade ,Medicine - Abstract
Introdução: O ingresso na Faculdade de Medicina representa uma transição a um novo estilo de vida e maior grau de exigência curricular. O estresse pode influenciar o desempenho acadêmico e as habilidades para tomar decisões e estabelecer uma adequada relação médico-paciente. O presente estudo avaliou a prevalência de estresse e fatores associados em uma amostra de estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) através do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISLL). Métodos: Estudo transversal não controlado, amostra aleatória (168 alunos). Instrumentos: ISLL, questionário com dados demográficos, uso de álcool e outras substâncias e sintomas de ansiedade. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma prevalência de estresse de 51,3% (IC95% 40,2-62,2), com maior prevalência de sintomas físicos do que psíquicos. A partir do sexto semestre os alunos apresentaram maior prevalência de estresse (55,3%), sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os semestres. O uso regular de álcool (43,6%) e estimulantes foi semelhante entre os alunos com e sem estresse (P = 0,63). Entre os alunos com estresse, 40% afirmaram já ter experimentado sintomas de pânico, enquanto apenas 5,3% dos sem estresse referiram esses sintomas (P < 0,001). Entre os alunos com estresse, 90% relataram presença de sintomas de ansiedade nos últimos 6 meses, enquanto apenas 39,5% dos sem estresse o referiram (P < 0,001). Conclusão: Nossos achados apontam para a necessidade de investigar as causas da alta prevalência de estresse encontrada, a fim de propor medidas preventivas e/ou oferecer apoio psicológico para os estudantes, proporcionando uma melhor formação médica.
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- 2008
16. Pesquisa em psicanálise e psicoterapia psicanalítica: um novo instrumento para avaliação de aderência à técnica em estudos de efetividade Research in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy: a new tool for the evaluation of adherence to the technique in studies of effectiveness
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Simone Hauck, Tiago Crestana, Clarissa Kristen Mombach, Éllen Alves de Almeida, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2008
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17. Psicanálise e pesquisa Psychoanalysis and research
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2006
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18. Interaction structures in the psychodynamic psychotherapy of a patient with chronic diseases and somatic symptoms
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Pricilla Braga Laskoski, Simone Hauck, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Carolina Stopinski Padoan, Alcina Juliana Soares Barros, Fernanda Barcellos Serralta, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,process research ,interaction structures ,psychotherapeutic process ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Objective This study aimed to identify and analyze the interaction structures (ISs) (patterns of reciprocal interaction between the patient-therapist dyad) that characterize the process of a successful long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (28 months) of a patient with chronic diseases (lupus and fibromyalgia) and somatic symptoms. Methods The 113 sessions were videotaped and analyzed alternately (n = 60) by independent judges using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set. Inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.60 to 0.90, with a mean of r = 0.71 (Pearson’s correlation). Through a principal component exploratory factor analysis, four ISs were identified. Result The patterns of interaction between patient and therapist showed clinical validity (i.e., they were easily interpretable in the context of the case under study). The ISs were non-linear and more or less prominent across different treatment sessions and stages. Some ISs were similar to those in other studies, and others were probably unique to the present process. In addition, some ISs were independent, whereas others were interrelated over time. Conclusion Process studies, such as the present one, seek to address questions about the characteristics of the interaction between patient and therapist as well as to identify particular patterns of interaction that are most prominent with a specific patient at a specific condition or time. Therefore, these studies can provide some support in establishing knowledge for clinical practice, assisting in the training of therapists, as well as in the elaboration of general guidelines for the technical management of patients with specific characteristics.
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19. Pesquisa e ensino em psicopatologia: confusões conceituais e ambigüidades nos conceitos de incoerência e desagregação no pensamento
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Cláudio M. S. Osório, José Roberto Goldim, Richelle Becker Albrecht, Alexandre Maffei Machado, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psicopatología ,investigación (curso y forma del pensamiento) ,incoherencia ,disgregación ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Na investigação sobre tolerância e reações à ambigüidade e à incerteza na medicina, foram identificadas ambigüidades e confusões conceituais, que dificultam o processo ensino-aprendizagem e a pesquisa. São exemplos os conceitos confusos e/ou problemas na tradução de termos em psicopatologia. Os sintomas desagregação e incoerência no curso do pensamento vêm sendo definidos e conceituados praticamente como sinônimos, a partir de uma distorção no entendimento de “Inkohärenz” a expressão original de Bleuler. Os avanços na pesquisa em psicopatologia, no ensino e na prática clínica dependem de clareza conceitual e precisão na nomenclatura da psicopatologia descritiva. Revisam-se os conceitos e definições de alterações do curso ou forma do pensamento em todas as edições de Kaplan & Sadock, dada a sua larga utilização no ensino, bem como em outros textos didáticos. Cotejam-se os pontos de vista de Andreasen e Weinberger neste tema de semiologia psiquiátrica.
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20. Considerações metodológicas sobre o estudo de caso na pesquisa em psicoterapia
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Fernanda Barcellos Serralta, Maria Lúcia Tiellet Nunes, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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case studies ,mathodology ,psycotherapy ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
O presente artigo faz uma revisão crítica da literatura acerca da aplicabilidade do estudo de caso na pesquisa em psicoterapia: a) apresenta as características do estudo de caso como estratégia de pesquisa; b) aborda a importância dos delineamentos de caso único no estudo do processo terapêutico; c) discute estatégias para aumentar a fidedignidade e validade dos estudos de caso; d) apresenta exemplos de estudos de caso oriundos da atual geração de pesquisa empírica em psicoterapia e psicanálise. De modo geral, este estudo destaca o potencial dos delineamentos intensivos e sistemáticos de caso único, para a investigação dos processos subjetivos e complexos inerentes ao encontro terapêutico.
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21. What is the appropriate time to measure outcome and process factors in psychodynamic psychotherapy?
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Camila Piva Da Costa, Carolina Stopinski Padoan, Simone Hauck, Stefania Pigatto Teche, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,psychotherapy ,cohort studies ,interpersonal relations ,treatment outcome ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Different instruments and methods for measuring factors related to the progress and effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) have been widely discussed in the literature. However, there are no established guidelines on the most appropriate time to perform these measurements. Objectives The aim of this study is to problematize what is the appropriate time to measure the initial outcomes (symptoms, interpersonal relationships, quality, and social role) and process factors (alliance) in the early stages of PDT. Methods A naturalistic cohort study was conducted, following 304 patients during the first six months of psychotherapy. The therapeutic alliance was evaluated after four sessions; symptoms, interpersonal relationships, and social role were evaluated at intake and after 12 and 24 sessions. Results Our results indicate that four sessions were sufficient to measure the bond dimension of the therapeutic alliance, while more time is probably needed to adequately measure other aspects of the therapeutic alliance, such as tasks and goals. However, 12 sessions of treatment proved sufficient to detect improvements in all dimensions of the outcome instruments with moderate effect sizes, and those gains were stable at the 24th session. Conclusion According to our findings, 12 sessions seem to be sufficient to assess initial gains in PDT, although more studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate time to assess all aspects of the therapeutic alliance. Further studies are also required to evaluate the appropriate time to assess intermediate and long-term progress with regard to symptoms, interpersonal relations, social role and personality reorganization.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Developing, holding and containing new psychoanalytic groups
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Published
- 2022
23. Introduction
- Author
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Published
- 2022
24. From Soma To Psyche: An Outcome Evaluation Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy In A Patient With Somatic Symptoms And Chronic Diseases
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Pricilla Braga Laskoski, Alcina Juliana Soares Barros, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Fernanda Barcellos Serralta, Simone Hauck, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Psychotherapist ,Somatic cell ,Psychosomatics ,Somatic symptom disorder ,medicine.disease ,Outcome (game theory) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Psyche ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Soma ,Psychology - Published
- 2020
25. Un Instantané de la psychanalyse à Porto Alegre et au Brésil
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik and Géraldine Troian
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology - Published
- 2018
26. Conceptual and Technical Aspects of Psychoanalytic Enactment: A Systematic Review
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Diego Barreto Rebouças, Maria Lucia Tiellet Nunes, Alcina Juliana Soares Barros, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Raquel Forgiarini Saldanha, Charlie Trelles Severo, Camila Piva da Costa, Pricilla Braga Laskoski, Rafael Stella Wellausen, Carolina Stopinski Padoan, Aline André Rodrigues Wageck, Ana Margareth Siqueira Bassols, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Psychoanalysis ,05 social sciences ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050108 psychoanalysis ,Psychoanalytic theory ,Psychology - Published
- 2018
27. Brazilian Portuguese translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and apparent validation of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale
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Stefania Pigatto Teche, Glaydcianne Pinheiro Bezerra, Aline André Rodrigues, Raquel Forgiarini Saldanha, Carolina Stopinski Padoan, Diego Barreto Rebouças, Camila Piva da Costa, Alcina Juliana Soares Barros, Charlie Trelles Severo, Pricilla Braga Laskoski, Cristina Plentz Pessi, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Simone Hauck, and Ana Margareth Siqueira Bassols
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outras especialidades ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Psychometrics ,Scale (ratio) ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Health Personnel ,transtorno de estresse pós-traumático ,Interdisciplinary relations ,Context (language use) ,other specialties ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,vicarious trauma ,Brazilian Portuguese ,Semantic equivalence ,Cronbach's alpha ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Humans ,Cross-cultural ,Relações interdisciplinares ,Reliability (statistics) ,Psychological Tests ,030505 public health ,030504 nursing ,Choque traumático ,Posttraumatic stress disorder ,Reproducibility of Results ,trauma vicário ,General Medicine ,Translating ,Object Attachment ,Transtornos mentais ,language.human_language ,Semantics ,Other specialties ,oncologia ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Oncology ,posttraumatic stress disorder ,oncology ,Vicarious trauma ,language ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Meaning (linguistics) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Objective This article concerns the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and apparent validation of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS), an instrument used to assess the psychological effects of traumatic life experiences and vicarious trauma. Methods This study involved literature review and evaluation of conceptual and item equivalences involving expert discussion groups focused on the existence and pertinence of the underlying theoretical concepts and corresponding items in a Brazilian context. Two translations and respective back-translations were performed during the evaluation of semantic equivalence, as well as an evaluation considering the referential and general equivalences between the original TABS and each version. Twenty-eight psychiatrists and psychologists completed a pretest. The final version was tested for reliability through the Cronbach’s alpha and for verbal comprehension through the adapted verbal-numeric scale (ranging from 0 [I didn’t understand anything] to 5 [I understood perfectly and I had no doubt]) in another 64 health professionals. Results The cross-cultural adaptation demonstrated high semantic equivalence for both the general (>95.0%) and the referential (>90.0%) meaning. The total Cronbach’s alpha was 0.9173. All 84 items were maintained, and they favorably contributed to the internal consistency of the scale. The mean values of the adapted verbal-numeric scale for verbal comprehension obtained from health professionals varied from 4.2 to 4.9. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the TABS demonstrated high-quality conceptual, item, and semantic equivalence with the original instrument, as well as high acceptability, internal consistency, and verbal comprehension. The scale is now available for use. Resumo Objetivo Este artigo se refere à tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação aparente da Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS), instrumento utilizado para avaliar os efeitos psicológicos das experiências de vida traumáticas e do trauma vicário. Métodos Este estudo envolveu uma revisão de literatura e avaliação da equivalência conceitual e dos itens, empregando grupos de discussão de especialistas, focando na existência e pertinência dos conceitos teóricos subjacentes e na correspondência dos itens dentro de um contexto brasileiro. Duas traduções e respectivas retrotraduções foram realizadas durante a avaliação da equivalência semântica, bem como foi feita uma avaliação considerando a equivalência referencial e geral entre a TABS original e cada versão. Vinte e oito psiquiatras e psicólogos completaram um pré-teste. A versão final foi testada para confiabilidade através do alfa de Cronbach e para compreensão verbal através de uma escala verbal-numérica adaptada [variando de 0 (Eu não entendi nada) a 5 (Eu entendi perfeitamente e não tive qualquer dúvida)] em outros 64 profissionais de saúde. Resultados A adaptação transcultural demonstrou alta equivalência semântica, tanto para o significado geral (>95,0%) quanto referencial (>90,0%). O alfa de Cronbach total foi de 0,9173. Todos os 84 itens foram mantidos e contribuíram favoravelmente para a consistência interna da escala. Os valores médios da escala verbal-numérica adaptada para a compreensão verbal obtidos dos profissionais de saúde variaram de 4,2 a 4,9. Conclusão A versão brasileira da TABS demonstrou equivalência conceitual, de itens e semântica de alta qualidade com o instrumento original, bem como elevada aceitabilidade, consistência interna e compreensão verbal. A escala está atualmente disponível para uso.
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- 2018
28. The IPA administration from 2005 to 2009
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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business.industry ,Medicine ,Pharmacology ,business ,Administration (government) - Published
- 2019
29. Psychoanalytic enactments: how psychoanalysts understand, identify and work through enactments
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Maria Lucia Tiellet Nunes, and Charlie Trelles Severo
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Psychoanalysis ,Work (electrical) ,Psychoanalytic theory ,Psychology - Published
- 2019
30. Introduction
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik and Giovanni Battista Foresti
- Published
- 2018
31. Psychoanalysis and psychiatry in Latin America
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychoanalysis ,Latin Americans ,History - Published
- 2018
32. Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry : Partners and Competitors in the Mental Health Field
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Giovanni Foresti, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, and Giovanni Foresti
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- Psychoanalysis, Psychiatry
- Abstract
Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry: Partners and Competitors in the Mental Health Field offers a comprehensive overview of the many links between the two fields. There have long been connections between the two professions, but this is the first time the many points of contact have been set out clearly for practitioners from both fields. Covering social and cultural factors, clinical practice, including diagnosis and treatment, and looking at teaching and continuing professional development, this book features contributions and exchange of ideas from an international group of clinicians from across both professions.Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry: Partners and Competitors in the Mental Health Field will appeal to all practicing psychoanalysts and psychiatrists and anyone wanting to draw on the best of both fields in their theoretical understanding and clinical practice.
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- 2019
33. A Psychodynamic Perspective on a Systematic Review of Online Psychotherapy for Adults
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Diogo de Bitencourt Machado, Ana Margareth Siqueira Bassols, Charlie Trelles Severo, Rafael Stella Wellausen, Marina Bento Gastaud, Pricilla Braga Laskoski, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Mariana Torres, Ana Sfoggia, Clarice Kowacs, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, and Daniela Valle Krieger
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050103 clinical psychology ,Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Modalities ,Psychotherapist ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,PsycINFO ,Scientific literature ,Psychodynamics ,Person-centered therapy ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Supportive psychotherapy ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
A variety of new psychotherapy modalities has arisen in which the contact between patient and therapist takes place via the internet. The main objective of this systematic review is to investigate the types of online psychotherapy (OP) conducted nowadays, and to describe their main characteristics to psychodynamic psychotherapists who may wish to better understand the current scientific literature on the subject. The review used two databases, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Fifty-nine studies were retrieved and the main online psychotherapy modalities identified were self-therapy programmes using contact via email or chat; videoconference; and therapy exclusively via chat or email. The result of these studies suggests that OP is more effective than a waiting list control group. When compared with face-to-face therapies, OP showed similar effects. Most studies involved cognitive behavioural therapy; only two studies involved a form of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Different forms of communication allow patient and therapist to establish different relationships and therapeutic possibilities. OPs may be feasible treatment alternatives; however, it remains unclear, especially in relation to psychodynamic treatments, if therapeutic technique in OP, which involves changes in comparison with face-to-face therapies, would be useful in severe cases. Psychodynamic psychotherapists should adopt a posture of constant reflection on the changes taking place in the world and their impact on the minds of individuals, without, nevertheless, idealizing the ‘new’.
- Published
- 2016
34. Diskussion des Hauptvortrages »Lebendige Psychoanalyse« von Fred Busch*
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Philosophy - Published
- 2016
35. The Art of Interpretation
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Wolfgang Loch, Harriet Hasenclever, Gemma Jappe, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Published
- 2018
36. From Impression to Inquiry
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Published
- 2018
37. On the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Published
- 2018
38. Current aspects and challenges of analytic training
- Author
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Subjects
Engineering management ,Computer science ,Current (fluid) ,Training (civil) - Published
- 2018
39. Psychoanalysis and culture
- Author
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Subjects
Psychoanalysis ,Psychology - Published
- 2018
40. Countertransference in psychodynamic psychotherapy of gender identity disorder patients
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Guilherme Kirsten Barbisan, and Stefania Pigatto Teche
- Subjects
Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Gender Identity Disorder ,Psychotherapist ,Countertransference ,Psychology - Published
- 2018
41. The Work of Confluence
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Willy Baranger, Madeleine Baranger, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
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Psychoanalysis ,Work (electrical) ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Confluence ,Active listening ,Psychoanalytic theory ,Psychology - Published
- 2018
42. Fatores associados à percepção de aliança terapêutica por pacientes em psicoterapia psicanalítica
- Author
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Camila Piva da Costa, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, and Camila Pereira Alves
- Published
- 2018
43. Qual o tempo apropriado pata medir fatores de resultado e processo em psicoterapia psicodinâmica?
- Author
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Carolina Stopinski Padoan, Simone Hauck, Camila Piva da Costa, Stefania Pigatto Teche, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Psychotherapist ,Time Factors ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Therapeutic Alliance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Outcome (game theory) ,Session (web analytics) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interpersonal relationship ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,estudos de coorte ,cohort studies ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Personality ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Interpersonal Relations ,Longitudinal Studies ,interpersonal relations ,media_common ,Psicoterapia psicodinâmica ,psicoterapia ,Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Mental Disorders ,05 social sciences ,Estudos de coortes ,General Medicine ,Psychodynamics ,030227 psychiatry ,psychotherapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Alliance ,Resultado do tratamento ,Treatment Outcome ,treatment outcome ,resultado de tratamento ,Female ,relações interpessoais ,Psychology ,Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic ,Cohort study - Abstract
Introduction Different instruments and methods for measuring factors related to the progress and effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) have been widely discussed in the literature. However, there are no established guidelines on the most appropriate time to perform these measurements. Objectives The aim of this study is to problematize what is the appropriate time to measure the initial outcomes (symptoms, interpersonal relationships, quality, and social role) and process factors (alliance) in the early stages of PDT. Methods A naturalistic cohort study was conducted, following 304 patients during the first six months of psychotherapy. The therapeutic alliance was evaluated after four sessions; symptoms, interpersonal relationships, and social role were evaluated at intake and after 12 and 24 sessions. Results Our results indicate that four sessions were sufficient to measure the bond dimension of the therapeutic alliance, while more time is probably needed to adequately measure other aspects of the therapeutic alliance, such as tasks and goals. However, 12 sessions of treatment proved sufficient to detect improvements in all dimensions of the outcome instruments with moderate effect sizes, and those gains were stable at the 24th session. Conclusion According to our findings, 12 sessions seem to be sufficient to assess initial gains in PDT, although more studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate time to assess all aspects of the therapeutic alliance. Further studies are also required to evaluate the appropriate time to assess intermediate and long-term progress with regard to symptoms, interpersonal relations, social role and personality reorganization. Resumo Introdução Diferentes instrumentos e formas de medir fatores relacionados ao progresso e à efetividade da psicoterapia psicodinâmica (PDT) têm sido amplamente discutidos na literatura. No entanto, não há diretrizes estabelecidas sobre o tempo apropriado para que essas medidas sejam realizadas. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo é problematizar qual o momento apropriado para medir resultados iniciais (sintomas, relações interpessoais e papel social) e fatores de processo (aliança) nos estágios iniciais da PDT. Métodos Realizou-se estudo de coorte naturalista que acompanhou 304 pacientes durante os primeiros seis meses de psicoterapia. A aliança terapêutica foi avaliada após quatro sessões; sintomas, relações interpessoais e papel social foram avaliados na entrevista de entrada e após 12 e 24 sessões. Resultados Nossos resultados indicam que quatro sessões foram suficientes para medir a dimensão do vínculo da aliança terapêutica, enquanto que é necessário mais tempo para medir adequadamente outros aspectos da aliança terapêutica, como tarefas e objetivos. No entanto, 12 sessões de tratamento revelaram-se suficientes para detectar melhora em todas as dimensões dos instrumentos de resultados com tamanhos de efeito moderados, e esses ganhos se mostraram estáveis na 24ª sessão. Conclusão De acordo com nossos achados, 12 sessões parecem ser suficientes para acessar os ganhos iniciais na PDT, porém mais estudos são necessários para avaliar o tempo apropriado de medir todos os aspectos da aliança terapêutica. São necessários mais estudos para avaliar o tempo apropriado para avaliar os ganhos intermediários e de longo prazo em relação a sintomas, função interpessoal e função social.
- Published
- 2017
44. Contemporary developments and challenges of analytic training and practice
- Author
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Subjects
Engineering ethics ,Psychology ,Training (civil) - Published
- 2017
45. Estudos clínicos em psicoterapia psicodinâmica: uma revisão do follow-up das intervenções
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Camila Piva da Costa, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Andre Goettems Bastos, and Carolina Stopinski Padoan
- Subjects
Treatment and control groups ,Patient discharge ,Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Psychotherapist ,Psychological intervention ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Treatment results ,Psychology ,General Environmental Science ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
A efetividade de um tratamento costuma ser mensurada pela melhoraclínica do paciente. No entanto, um fator importante a ser considerado é a manutenção dos resultados após o término do tratamento. Para isso, o follow-up é uma ferramenta relevante. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar eanalisar de forma sistemática os estudos de follow-up com intervenções clínicas em psicoterapia psicodinâmica de 2006 a 2016. As buscas foram feitas nas principais bases de dados com os seguintes descritores: psicoterapia psicodinâmica, resultado, follow-up e equivalentes. Vinte e sete artigos atenderamaos critérios de inclusão. Os estudos indicam que as psicoterapias são tratamentos efetivos não apenas durante o processo, mas que os resultados tendem a se manter após a alta do paciente. As conclusões indicam que, para avaliar a efetividade de tratamento, as medidas de follow-up devem ser consideradas. Nos estudos que comparavam a efetividade entre modelos de psicoterapia, foi visto que, na maioria dos casos, não existem diferenças significativas entre os grupos, ou seja, os pacientes apresentam melhora independentemente do tipo de psicoterapia. No entanto, evidenciou-se que os modelos de tratamento de longo prazo tendem a apresentar maiores taxas de manutenção da melhora no período após a alta. A manutenção dos resultados do tratamento em longo prazo parece ser um indicativo clínico relevante para ser considerado quando da indicação de tratamento.Palavras-chave: follow-up, psicoterapia psicodinâmica, efetividade. The effectiveness of a treatment is usually measured by the clinical improvement of the patient. However, an important factor to consider is the maintenance of the results after the end of the treatment. For this, the follow-up is a relevant tool. The objective of this study was to systematically review and analyze follow-up studies with clinical interventions in psychodynamic psychotherapy from 2006 to 2016. The searches were made in the main databases with the following descriptors: psychodynamic psychotherapy, outcome, follow-up and equivalents. Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies indicate that psychotherapies are effective treatments not only during the process and results tend to remain after patient discharge. Conclusions indicate that follow-up measures should be considered to assess the long-term effectiveness of a treatment. In studies comparing models of psychotherapy effectiveness, it was seen that in most cases there were no significant differences between treatment groups, that is, patients presented improvement independently of the type of psychotherapy. However, long-term treatment models tend to have higher maintenance rates of improvement in the post-discharge period. The maintenance of long-term treatment results seems to be a relevant clinical indication to be considered when indicating treatment.Keywords: follow-up, psychodynamic psychotherapy, effectiveness.
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- 2017
46. Countertransference Reactions Aroused by Sex Crimes in a Forensic Psychiatric Environment
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Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Alcina Juliana Soares Barros, and Regis Goulart Rosa
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapist ,Future studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Forensic science ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Feeling ,Forensic psychiatry ,medicine ,Psychiatric hospital ,Vicarious traumatization ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Psychoanalytic theory ,Countertransference ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Although countertransference is an established concept within psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, its influence in other areas of psychology and psychiatric expertise, as well as in other medical specialties, remains low. This study investigated the role of countertransference in the activities performed by forensic psychiatrists in a Brazilian forensic psychiatric hospital. The study investigated, in an exploratory manner, the main feelings aroused in those doctors during the forensic evaluation and treatment of sex offenders; furthermore, it examined how these professionals addressed such feelings. The present work generates hypotheses for future studies and initiates a discussion of the possible benefits of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis for candidates for forensic psychiatry and psychology practice.
- Published
- 2014
47. Initial Improvement in Adult Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
- Author
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Marina Bento Gastaud, Carolina Stopinski Padoan, and Cláudio Laks Eizirik
- Subjects
Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Psychotherapist ,Adult patients ,Clinical settings ,Mental health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Outpatient clinic ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study aimed to determine predictors of initial improvement regarding quality of life, symptoms, and defensive style of adult patients in psychodynamic psychotherapy. This is a naturalistic quantitative study conducted at a mental health outpatient clinic. Patients were assessed before starting psychotherapy and in the 6th month of treatment using the same instruments. Patients who were still in treatment at the 6th month of psychotherapy reported, in general, better quality of life, less symptoms, reduced severity of symptoms, and changes in some aspects of their defensive style. Those patients who sought treatment because of anxiety problems were associated with higher risk of no initial improvement. Clinicians and researchers find it difficult to predict the outcome of patients starting psychodynamic psychotherapy; other clinical settings should be investigated to enable the understanding of this complex phenomenon. Although psychodynamic psychotherapy is a long-term treatment, patients show evidence of improvement from the beginning of the treatment. Follow-up studies of these patients are needed to monitor the process of improvement after this initial period.
- Published
- 2014
48. Relação terapêutica na rede : to face or not to face?
- Author
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Ana Margareth Siqueira Bassols, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Mariana Torres, Rafael Stella Wellausen, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Ana Sfoggia, Clarice Kowacs, Charlie Trelles Severo, Diogo de Bitencourt Machado, Daniela Valle Krieger, Marina Bento Gastaud, and Pricilla Braga Laskoski
- Subjects
Psychotherapist ,Emerging technologies ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Psicanálise ,Internet privacy ,Information Dissemination ,redes de comunicação de computadores ,Terapia psicanalítica ,Social media ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Internet, social media ,rede social ,Countertransference ,Psychoanalytic theory ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Therapeutic relationship ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psicoterapia ,Psychoanalytic therapy ,internet ,computer communication networks ,business ,Psychology ,Anonymity ,Dyad - Abstract
Na era da expansão sem precedentes dos meios de comunicação, da divulgação e compartilhamento de informações por meios eletrônicos, torna-se necessário repensar sua utilização. Os autores consideram importante compreender de que forma o uso das novas tecnologias pelos pacientes e terapeutas interfere na relação entre ambos na vigência do tratamento psicoterápico ou psicanalítico. É proposta uma discussão crítica acerca de sua influência na prática clínica, e apresentado em vinhetas o impacto no enquadre, no anonimato, abstinência e neutralidade terapêuticas. Também são abordadas questões transferenciais e contratransferenciais decorrentes dessas mudanças. Os autores consideram os benefícios potenciais das novas tecnologias na prática psicoterápica, alertando porém para a necessidade de reflexão a respeito de sua presença nas mesmas e de preservação do setting terapêutico, visando sempre a evolução satisfatória do trabalho da dupla. Outro aspecto considerado neste trabalho é sua utilização na expansão do aprendizado e aplicação da técnica psicoterapêutica, superando, entre outras, barreiras geográficas e temporais. In this age of unprecedented expansion of media and information dissemination and sharing, the use of electronic means should be reconsidered. The use of new technologies should be studied to understand how it may affect the relationship between patient and therapist during psychotherapy or psychoanalytic treatments. This study offers a critical discussion of the effect of technologies on clinical practice, and vignettes are used to describe their impact on frame, anonymity, abstinence and therapeutic neutrality. Transfer and countertransference issues resulting from these changes are also discussed. The potential benefits of new technologies in psychotherapy are appreciated, but the authors draw attention to the need to reflect about the presence of the therapist in those technologies and the preservation of the therapeutic setting, so that a satisfactory progression of the work of the dyad is ensured. This study also discusses the use of technologies in the expansion of learning and application of the therapeutic technique to overcome geographic and time barriers, among others.
- Published
- 2014
49. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Rating Scale for Countertransference (RSCT) to American English
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Andreia Sandri, Rafael Mondrzak, Eduardo Lopes Nogueira, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Lucas Spanemberg, Camila de Araújo Reinert, Mirella Bertoluci, and Nina Rosa Furtado
- Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison ,050103 clinical psychology ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Closeness ,translation ,scale ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Semantic equivalence ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,countertransference ,tradução ,Humans ,Cross-cultural ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Rating Scale for Countertransference ,Countertransference ,Escala para Avaliação de Contratransferência ,media_common ,Psychological Tests ,05 social sciences ,American English ,General Medicine ,Translating ,Cross-cultural studies ,United States ,Linguistics ,030227 psychiatry ,contratransferência ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Feeling ,escala ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Construct (philosophy) - Abstract
Introduction: The Rating Scale for Countertransference (RSCT) - originally, Escala para Avaliação de Contratransferência (EACT) - is a self-administered instrument comprising questions that assess 23 feelings (divided into three blocs, closeness, distance, and indifference) that access conscious countertransferential emotions and sentiments. This paper describes the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the RSCT into American English. Methods: This study employed the guidelines proposed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation which define 10 steps for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of self-report instruments. Additionally, semantic equivalence tools were employed to select the final versions of terms used. The author of the RSCT gave permission for translation and took part in the process. The instrument is available for use free of charge. Results: Analysis of the back-translation showed that just seven of the 23 terms needed to be adjusted to arrive at the final version in American English. Conclusions: This study applied rigorous standards to construct a version of the RSCT in American English. This version of the RSCT translated and adapted into American English should be of great use for accessing and researching countertransferential feelings that are part of psychodynamic treatment. Resumo Introdução: A Escala para Avaliação de Contratransferência (EACT) é um instrumento autoaplicável composto por perguntas que avaliam 23 sentimentos (divididos em aproximação, em afastamento e em indiferença), que permite acessar os sentimentos contratransferenciais conscientes. Este trabalho descreve o processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da EACT para a língua inglesa americana. Métodos: O presente estudo utilizou a diretriz por força-tarefa proposta pela International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) que realiza em 10 passos a tradução e a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos autoaplicáveis. Além disso, ferramentas de equivalência semântica foram utilizadas para selecionar a versão final dos termos. O autor da EACT autorizou e participou do processo de tradução. O instrumento está disponível para uso gratuito. Resultados: A avaliação da retrotradução mostrou que somente sete termos tiveram que ser ajustados para a realização da versão final na língua inglesa americana. Conclusão: O presente estudo construiu, segundo rígidos padrões, uma versão na língua inglesa americana da EACT. A versão traduzida e adaptada da EACT para a língua inglesa americana pode ser de grande utilidade para acessar e pesquisar sentimentos contratransferenciais que fazem parte do tratamento psicodinâmico.
- Published
- 2016
50. Revisão sistemática de estudos sobre contratransferência em psicoterapia de adultos
- Author
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Morgana Sonza Abitante, Tatiane Dall'Agnol, Cláudio Laks Eizirik, Mariana Almeida Lopes Donassolo, Diogo de Bitencourt Machado, Fábio Monteiro da Cunha Coelho, and Augusto Dutra Giacomelli
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Psychodynamic psychotherapy ,Psychotherapist ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Closeness ,MEDLINE ,review ,General Medicine ,PsycINFO ,Psychotherapy ,contratransferência ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,revisão ,Feeling ,Psicoterapia ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Attachment theory ,countertransference ,Medical diagnosis ,Countertransference ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Countertransference, the emotional reaction of a psychotherapist toward a patient, is an important technical element of psychotherapy. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and describe the main findings of studies that evaluated countertransference in adult psychotherapy.METHODS: A search was conducted of the databases Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Knowledge to retrieve data published in any language at any time.RESULTS:Of the 1,081 studies found in the databases, 25 were selected. Most were about psychodynamic psychotherapy, and results indicated that positive countertransference, that is, feelings of closeness to the patient, are associated with positive outcomes, such as symptom improvement and good therapeutic alliance.CONCLUSIONS: Although few studies were found in the literature, countertransference seems to be an important source of knowledge about several aspects, such as treatment outcomes, attachment style, therapeutic alliance, patient symptoms and diagnoses. INTRODUÇÃO: Contratransferência, definida como a reação emocional do psicoterapeuta em relação ao paciente, é um elemento técnico importante da psicoterapia. Esta revisão sistemática procura identificar e descrever os principais achados de estudos que avaliaram a contratransferência na psicoterapia de adultos.MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma busca sem restrição de língua ou data de publicação nas bases de dados Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO e Web of Knowledge.RESULTADOS: Dos 1.081 estudos encontrados nas bases de dados, 25 foram selecionados. A maioria trata de psicoterapia psicodinâmica e os resultados indicam que a contratransferência positiva, isto é, os sentimentos de proximidade com o paciente, está associada a resultados positivos, tais como a melhora dos sintomas e o desenvolvimento de uma boa aliança terapêutica.CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de poucos estudos terem sido encontrados na literatura, a contratransferência parece ser uma fonte importante para o conhecimento do resultado do tratamento, estilo de apego, aliança terapêutica, sintomas e diagnóstico, dentre outros aspectos.
- Published
- 2016
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