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In questo articolo, tratterò di come l’empirismo radicale, pensato insieme al pragmatismo di James e al metodo speculativo di Whitehead, operi un decentramento del ruolo della coscienza umana nel processo di costruzione del reale. Questa operazione, concentrandosi sulla primarietà delle relazioni nella co-costituzione delle entità tutte con gli ambienti, può essere uno strumento utile per ripensare pragmatiche eco-politiche all’interno di un’epoca precaria come quella della crisi socio-climatica. Il metodo speculativo di W. e il pragmatismo di J, assumendo un’esperienza assoluta che è il prodotto immanente di un insieme di relazioni/flussi e materia, pongono il pensiero, gli oggetti, gli immaginari e i viventi, tra cui l’umano, in un processo di costituzione costante e reciproco della realtà. L’esperienza dell’empirismo radicale, accompagnata dal pragmatismo e dal metodo speculativo, può divenire in questa direzione uno strumento pratico per comporre nuove idee capaci di ingaggiarsi nel reale per creare nuovi ambienti insieme ai viventi e non con cui l’umano condivide la vita sulla terra., In this article, I will discuss how Radical Empiricism, conceived together with James' pragmatism and Whitehead's speculative method, operates a decentralization of the role of human consciousness in the process of constructing the real. This operation, which focuses on the pivotal role of relations for the co-constitution of all the entities with the environments, can be a useful tool for rethinking eco-political pragmatics within the precarious era of socio-climatic crisis. W.'s speculative method and J.'s pragmatism, which assume an absolute experience as the immanent product of a set of relations/flows and matter, place thinking, objects, imaginaries and living things, including the human, in a process of constant and mutual constitution of reality. The experience of radical empiricism, accompanied by pragmatism and speculative method, can become in this direction a tool for composing new ideas that can engage with the real to recreate new environments together with the living and non-living with whom the human shares life on earth.

This paper investigates the impact of firm-level collective bargaining on firms' investment in intangible assets and, specifically R&D. While standard hold-up theories predict a negative effect of organized labour on intangible investments, the inclusion of pay-for-performance schemes in complementary negotiation can actually invert the prediction. Moreover, the industrial relation literature suggests that, in presence of asymmetric power relations, firm-level collective bargaining can allow workers to make their voice heard and induce management to invest in assets that drive competition away from wages, including R&D. We exploit a rich and representative survey on Italian non-agricultural companies conducted by the National Institute for the Analysis of Public Policies (INAPP) to test these predictions. Baseline estimates suggest that the presence of second-level collective bargaining is associated with higher investments in R&D and that power relation is the main mechanism driving this result. These findings are confirmed also in a robustness check where we exploit size contingent legislation governing the creation of employee representative bodies involved in firm-level bargaining in a regression discontinuity design (RDD) framework. The implications for the design of innovation policy are discussed.

The digital transformation is an important driver of long-run productivity growth and, as such, it has the potential to promote a more inclusive and sustainable growth. However, digital capabilities, crucial to develop and govern new digital technologies, are unevenly distributed across European regions increasing the risk of divergence and polarization. By taking advantage of a set of original indicators capturing the level of digital skills in the regional workforce, this work analyzes the factors shaping the process of digital skill accumulation in the EU over the period 2011-2018. Relying on transition probability matrices and dynamic random effects probit models, we provide evidence of a strong and persistent regional polarization in the adoption and deployment of digital skills. Further, we investigate whether European Funds (European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Funds, and European Social Funds) are capable to shape the digitalization process and to favor regional convergence.

New enabling technologies are shaping the transformation of production activities. This process of change is characterised by growing digitization, inter-connectivity and automation. The diffusion of new technologies is, however, very uneven, and firms display different adoption behaviours. By using panel data on a large representative sample of Italian firms, we explore the patterns and determinants of new digital technology adoption. We build our theoretical framework on the nexus between technology, skills and the organisation of work. We then provide novel econometric evidence on the positive effects of human capital and training. Among the notable results of the paper, labour flexibility does not seem to favour new technology adoption, whereas second-level collective bargaining plays a positive role in the process. Results also show heterogeneous effects between large vs. small and medium-size firms, and between manufacturing and service sectors.

The emergence of the platform economy has served as a defining feature of increasing fragmented labour markets in modern economies. Recent research on platform work, however, has struggled to quantify the socio-economic conditions of platform workers relative to other occupation groups. Moreover, it remains unclear if the socio-economic disadvantages that platform workers are likely to face are primarily channeled through lower incomes or their more precarious working conditions. This study uses representative survey data of platform workers in Italy to investigate their size, composition, and socio- economic conditions relative to individuals in other occupations. Our findings reveal that platform workers tend to be students and of younger age, but are diverse with respect to sex, educational attainment, and native-born status. We find that platform workers face greater economic insecurity relative to all other occupation classes. Strikingly, they also feature a rate of economic insecurity that is not significantly different from that of unemployed adults. Moreover, we find that the higher levels of insecurity are not primarily channeled through lower incomes; instead, higher rates of insecurity persist even when taking family incomes into account, suggesting that the precarity and volatility of platform work matter as much as income differences in shaping economic disadvantage. Results hold under analyses that account for selection into platform work. Our findings carry important consequences for understandings of the intensity and sources of socio- economic disadvantage of individuals engaged in platform work.

Following a market-oriented approach, policies aimed at increasing labour flexibility by weakening employment protection institutions should enable firms to efficiently allocate resources, improve their capability to compete on international markets and adjust to economic cycle. This work documents the rise of non-standard (i.e. temporary and part-time) work in five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) over the period 1994-2016 and investigate the nexus between the use of non-standard work and innovation performance using data for 18 manufacturing and 23 service industries. Contrary to the objectives that market-oriented policy recommendations promised to achieve, we show that there is a significantly negative association between the share of workers employed under non- standard contractual arrangements and the introduction of both product and process innovation. Furthermore, we show that the harmful consequences of the spread of non-standard work on firms' product innovation propensity are more pronounced in high-tech sectors.