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Background: Many assessments have been reported and used in evaluating lymphedema. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic contribution of ultrasonography in unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema.

Background: Assessing the circumference of the hand and fingers can be challenging. Therefore, we studied the reliability of jeweler rings and a revised figure-of-eight (figure-8) protocol for the clinical assessment of finger and hand circumference. Methods and Results: Thirteen patients residing in a rehabilitation center were recruited. Inter- and intrarater reliability of the jeweler rings as well as the revised figure-8 protocol were assessed. Jewelers rings were used to assess the circumferences of the middle and ring finger of both hands. The figure-8 method was used to assess the circumference of both hands. Reliability analyses were performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 26 and demonstrated an excellent reliability for the jeweler rings as well as the revised figure-8 protocol, represented by single random measure intraclass correlation coefficient(2,1) values of at least 0.973 and Cronbach alpha of at least 0.99. Conclusions: Circumference measurements are valid to use; however, reliability issues do exist in clinical practice. Assessing the circumference of fingers with our new jeweler rings protocol and the circumference of the hand by means of a revised figure-8 protocol is highly reliable in a clinical setting. ispartof: LYMPHATIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGY vol:19 issue:6 pages:580-584 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Bakeground:Thyroidectomy is one of the standard surgical procedures worldwide. Although The mortality and morbidity of thyroidectomy are low, some long-term complications continue to represent significant health and social problem. Early physical exercises for these patients are effective in enhancing the neck and shoulder motor function and improving quality of life. Aim: Assess the efficacy of early exercise programs (self rang of motion and active rang of motion exercises) on radical thyroidectomy patients' motor and functional abilities. Design: the researchers used a a comparative design. setting:The researcher conducted the study at the Head and Neck Surgery Unit in Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt. Sample:50 radical thyroidectomy patients were included, and each patient was randomly selected to be allocated to one of the two groups, 25 patients each. Tools: Four tools were used: Socio-demographic and clinical data structured interview schedule, "The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand" outcome questionnaire, shoulder recovery outcome and neck recovery outcome. Methods: The researchers used four tools for data collection. The exercise programs were applied one week before the operation and continued for two months postoperative. The researchers developed verbal and written instruction and gave it preoperatively, and patients were re-assessed by utilizing tools II, III, and IV after applying the program for each group. Results: 88% of self exercises patients were holding against maximal resistance of muscles strength after two months postoperatively compared to 48% of active exercises patients were holding against gravity elimination. Arm circumference measurements were not statistically significant differences between the two groups, neither preoperatively nor postoperatively. In contrast, range of motion of shoulders, shoulder pain, Disailities of Arm,Shoulder and Hand score, ability to lift objects, ability to do work, and overall activity were significantly improved among self-exercise patients than active exercise patients. Conclusion: Significant improvement of the self exercises group concerning functional and motor activity of the shoulder, arm, and neck. Modification of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score of self exercises patients. Statistically significant differences between self and active exercise group regarding Neck Dissection Impairment Index after two months postoperative. Recommendations: Patients and their families must be involved in early rehabilitation to prevent complications and improve their daily living activity.

OBJECTIVE Three-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging devices for acquiring anthropometric measurements are proliferating in healthcare facilities, although applicability in young children has not been evaluated; small body size and movement may limit device accuracy. The current study aim was to critically test three commercial 3DO devices in young children. METHODS The number of successful scans and circumference measurements at six anatomic sites were quantified with the 3DO devices in 64 children, ages 5-8 years. Of the scans available for processing, 3DO and flexible tape-measure measurements made by a trained anthropometrist were compared. RESULTS Sixty of 181 scans (33.1%) could not be processed for technical reasons. Of processed scans, mean 3DO-tape circumference differences tended to be small (~1-9%) and varied across systems; correlations and bias estimates also varied in strength across anatomic sites and systems (e.g., regression R2s, 0.54-0.97, all p

Background/Objective Digital anthropometric (DA) assessments are increasingly being administered with three‐dimensional (3D) optical devices in clinical settings that manage patients with obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, anatomic measurement sites are not standardized across manufacturers, precluding use of published reference values and pooling of data across research centers. Subjects/Methods This study aimed to develop universal 3D analysis software by applying novel programming strategies capable of producing device‐independent DA estimates that agree with conventional anthropometric (CA) measurements made at well‐defined anatomic sites. A series of technical issues related to proprietary methods of 3D geometrical reconstruction and image analysis were addressed in developing major software components. To evaluate software accuracy, comparisons were made to CA circumference measurements made with a flexible tape at eleven standard anatomic sites in up to 35 adults scanned with three different commercial 3D optical devices. Results Overall, group mean CA and DA values across the three systems were in good agreement, with ∼2 cm systematic differences; CA and DA estimates were highly correlated (all p‐values

Tree diameter and circumference measurements are important metrics that should be monitored periodically and which can be used to determine rates of plant growth, timber production (wood), rubber tapping time, and to estimate the nutrient content of the soil in agroforestry especially for rubber and Albizia sp. trees. In this study, we evaluated the use of optical sensors, including a smartphone camera, which were analyzed by an image processing technology to estimate tree circumference of homogeneous and production forests especially rubber and Albizia forest plantations, through a real-time tree diameter measurement approach. Camera measurements were carried out for the diameter at breast height (DBH) and a certain distance of each tree (with the diameter of tree range of ∼6–50 cm). The results show that the use of smartphone camera measurements is highly correlated with manual measurements obtained using a tree caliper or meter tape in estimating tree circumference with coefficient of determination (R2) and RMSE of 0.95 and 7.9 cm, respectively. Thus, this tool can be employed as an alternative method for measuring tree diameter and circumference.

Aim. The paper deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of an individual approach to health-improving female training. Materials and methods. A specific individual orientation of training effects for women aged from 21 to 35 years was determined depending on their somatotypes: asthenic (n = 14), normosthenic (n = 18) and hypersthenic (n = 16). Individual somatotype-based health-improving training programs were implemented by 48 women during a nine-month macrocycle. The following research methods were used: anthropometric measurements, somatotyping, control and pedagogical tests, a set of biomedical methods, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Distinctive somatotype features, body composition, functional status, physical fitness were determined in women engaged in shaping. The asthenic type is characterized by the smallest weight and height, as well as body circumference measurements, vital capacity, hand dynamometry, and body composition data. The hypersthenic type is described by the highest figures for the parameters studied. The normosthenic somatotype is distinguished by average data. Assessment of physical development, functional status and physical fitness in women demonstrated deviations from standard values for most indicators. The individualized method of developing health-improving female training programs based on somatotype characteristics provided statistically significant positive dynamics of physical development, body composition, functional status, physical fitness compared with the initial values. Conclusion. The focus of health-improving training programs for women aged from 21 to 35 years is determined based on morphofunctional and conditioning features that are specific for various somatotypes.

En la actualidad, el sobrepeso y la obesidad son problemas de salud que ponen en riesgo la vida de las personas. Aunque existen estudios al respecto, son pocos los que abordan de manera exhaustiva y específica los hábitos, pensamientos y actitudes relacionados con estos problemas de salud. Por ello, la presente investigación analiza la relación entre los hábitos y actitudes de adolescentes con los indicadores antropométricos de acuerdo con el sexo. Participaron 673 estudiantes de educación secundaria, quienes respondieron una ficha de datos sociodemográficos y escolares, así como el Cuestionario de Sobreingesta Alimentaria (OQ, por sus siglas en inglés), el cual cuenta con índice y consistencia interna de 0.65 a 0.87 en población mexicana. Se tomaron medidas de peso, talla y circunferencias. Los resultados muestran que tanto las mujeres como los hombres con IMC > 29.9 experimentan ciclos de subingesta de alimento (r = 0.120, p < 0.05; y r = -0.153, p < 0.01, respectivamente), racionalizan su peso (r = 0.239, p < 0.01; y r = 0.387, p < 0.01) y muestran interés para bajar de peso (r = 0.533, p < 0.01; y r = 0.497, p < 0.001). La presencia de sobrepeso y la obesidad en adolescentes contribuyen al deseo de perder peso y a recurrir a estrategias hipocalóricas, por lo que resultará importante promover hábitos saludables en los estudiantes adolescentes.

Ayaka Nishikawa,1 Yoshiyuki Aikawa2 1Cosmetic Dermatology, SBC Medical Group, Medical Corporation Shoubikai, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, Japan; 2Cosmetic Surgery, SBC Medical Group, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Yoshiyuki Aikawa Tel +81-90-9976-9151Email 6287komatsu@sbc.or.jpPurpose: Cryolipolysis has been demonstrated to be a safe and efficient non-invasive treatment modality for reducing subcutaneous discrete areas of fat; however, only limited studies have focused on body contouring in Asian patients. The present work focuses on the quantitative assessment of the cryolipolysis method for body contouring in Asian patients.Patients and Methods: The retrospective study evaluated the medical records of 4122 patients with body contouring who underwent cryolipolysis treatment in multiple centers across Japan from January 2019 to June 2019. We evaluated the demographic profiles, treatment areas, and safety assessments among these 4122 patients. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in 146 patients at one of the clinics, Shonan Beauty Clinic, out of which 54 and 27 had treatments in the abdomen and upper arm areas, respectively. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on patient surveys, circumference measurements, and assessment of photographs.Results: Evaluation of choice for treatment area suggested that men generally focused more on the surrounding areas of the abdomen, while women even had options for the abdomen and the upper arm. No long-term side effects were observed during the study period. There was a significant reduction in the circumference of both the abdomen and upper arm areas (P < 0.05). Additionally, 16.7% and 18.5% of patients who had received treatment on their abdomen and upper arm, respectively, returned for the next sessions within six months. Patients who had received treatment on their upper arms were more satisfied in the categories of pain and bruising and treatment effectiveness compared to those who had received treatment on their abdomen.Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this retrospective study on Asian patients, it can be stated that cryolipolysis is a safe and well-tolerated nonsurgical fat-reduction procedure. Clinical effectiveness can be consistently achieved with proper patient evaluation and patient satisfaction.Keywords: cryolipolysis, body contouring, retrospective study, Asian patients, non-invasive technique, safety testing

Anthropometric diagnoses predict the most appropriate on‐court position for a certain player and are important in the long‐term planning of basketball training programs. This study provides anthropometric characteristics and body composition profiles of Polish youth national team players (U‐14, U‐15, U‐16 and U‐18). The aim of this research was to determine the somatic characteristics of basketball players regarding particular on‐court positions. The sample population consisted of 109 elite basketball players, who played in national teams in four age categories: U‐14, U‐16, U‐18 U‐20. An analysis of the obtained results revealed differences between the younger (U‐14, U‐15 and U‐16) and older groups (U‐18 and U‐20) in terms of length, width and circumference measurements and body mass (3.6–9.3%), as well as subcutaneous fat measured by the skinfold thickness method (14.3–33.7%). ANCOVA with maturity offset as the covariate variable showed differences in body height (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.74) and the arm span (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.87) between each playing position; the somatic measurements were greater for centers than for forwards and guards, and the measurements were greater for forwards than for guards. The somatic feature measurements also increased linearly with age. We can conclude that the arm span and body height are two major somatic factors that can predict center and guard playing positions for national team basketball players in all age categories from U‐14 to U‐20.

Background: To compare interrater reliability and the time-efficiency for the water displacement method, figure-of-eight method, and circumference measurements of the ankle and foot, and to investigate concurrent validity of the figure-of-eight method and circumference measurements with the water displacement method. Methods and Results: Thirty patients (21 women and 9 men) with primary or secondary lower limb lymphedema were evaluated twice. The volume of the foot and ankle was measured in three different ways: water displacement with a volumeter, figure-of-eight method, and circumference measurements at the level of the malleoli and metatarsals with a tapeline. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from good to excellent for all measurements (ICCs = 0.99 for water displacement; 0.94 for figure-of-eight; 0.80 and 0.79 for circumference measurement at malleolus and metatarsals). More time was needed to perform the water displacement method than the figure-of-eight method and the circumference measurements (p

Circumference measurements have been used to estimate muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in clinical settings. Measurements of thigh circumference are affected by muscle and subcutaneous fat (SF). In fact, SF could increase over a short period. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between thigh circumference and muscle and SF following ACL reconstruction is important. This study’s primary purpose was to examine pre- and post-operative changes in thigh circumference, thigh muscles and SF CSAs in both legs. Secondary, the relationship between thigh circumference and muscle and SF CSAs was examined to demonstrate that circumference measurements could be used to detect atrophy. Quadriceps, hamstrings, and SF CSAs at 15, 10, and 5 cm proximal to the patella were measured by MRI pre- and 4 weeks postoperatively to examine how reconstruction affected those tissues in the thighs. The results showed increases in SF CSA (r=0.72 at 10 cm, r=0.67 at 15 cm) greatly affected thigh circumference in females on the surgical side. In males, increases in SF CSA (r=0.83) at 15- and 5-cm and decreases in quadriceps muscle CSA (r=0.73) at 5 cm affected thigh circumference on the surgical side. Thigh circumference measurements might not reflect actual muscle CSA in ACL patients.

Background: The high incidence of obesity in elderly men caused many risks, one of that risk is the occurrence of erectile dysfunction where this has not been widely recorded in Indonesia and Bali in particulary. Aim: The study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity with erectile dysfunction in elderly men in Padang Sambian Village, Denpasar, Bali. Method: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The research subjects were 80 elderly men in Padang Sambian Village, Denpasar. Research data are primary data obtained from questionnaires and waist circumference measurements directly by researchers. Results and Conclusion: Elderly men who were obese were 78.8% while normal ones were only 21.3%. Samples with erectile dysfunction were 75 people (93.7%) and the remaining 5 people were normal. The mild erectile dysfunction is mostly suffered by people in the age of 50-54 , it’s around45.5%, the mild-moderate erectile dysfunction is the most suffered by people in the age of age 55-59 that is 47.1%, age 60-64 the most experienced mild and moderate-moderate erectile dysfunction of about 50%. In the age range of 65-69 mostly suffered mild-moderate erectile dysfunction, which is about 50%, and in the age range 70 years mostly suffered a mild erectile dysfunction, it’s around 100%. Most obese people with erectile dysfunction suffer a mild erectile dysfunction, which is around 44.4% while in normal samples most suffered a moderate erectile dysfunction which is as much as 47.1%.

As a result of a Department of Defense (DoD) mandate, the U.S. Navy implemented its current body composition assessment (BCA) program in 1982. Despite the feasibility of the current program, its re...

The objective of this study was to analyze the variation of leg volume in hospital workers, and its relationship with individual factors: sex, age, height, and weight. Cross-sectional study, where leg circumference measurements were taken at the beginning and end of an 8-h workday. Twenty-one workers (12 women, 9 men) working in seven different hospital jobs voluntarily participated. To calculate the volume of the legs, the circumference of the legs was measured in 5 segments every 4 cm (20 cm in total) with the Gulick II tape measure. The average volume in both legs increased (right leg 2.6%, left leg 2.7%), with significant changes in both the right (Z = −3.1446, p = 0.002) and left (Z = −3.528, p = 0.000) legs between the beginning and the end of the working day. No relationship was found between leg volume with sex, age, height, and weight. These findings indicate the need to focus more attention on the effects of standing work in health care workers, as increased leg volume has been associated with lower extremity fatigue and discomfort.

This research aimed to analyze leg volume changes in a florists population—a cross-sectional study where lower leg circumference measurements were taken at the beginning and end of an 8-h workday. Seventeen florists (8 women, 9 men) voluntarily participated; their legs’ circumference was measured in 5 segments every 4 cm (20 cm in total) with the Gulick II tape measure to calculate the lower legs’ volume. The average volume in both legs increased (right leg 2.12%, left leg 1.83%), with significant changes in both the right (Z = −3.337, p = 0.001) and left (Z = −2.769, p = 0.006) legs between the start and end of the workday. The left leg volume increased more in women (women: 11.63, men: 6.67, p = 0.043). This research shows a significant increase in leg volume in a population of Colombian flower growers during an 8-h workday. These findings indicate the need to pay more attention to standing work’s effects to take preventive actions to improve their working conditions from an ergonomic perspective.

Background Energy-based devices are increasingly used for noninvasive body contouring. Our aim was to investigate the clinical efficacy of combined radiofrequency and ultrasound device for reduction in body circumference in various body parts. Aims The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of combined focused radiofrequency and ultrasound device for reduction in body circumference in various body parts. We aimed to report objective measurements in terms of circumference reduction and patient satisfaction scores. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of 64 patients who were treated with focused radiofrequency and ultrasound device during August 2017-December 2019. All patients had received 4 sessions at one-week interval. Body circumference measurements were done before treatment and one month after the last session. Patients were also asked to score their satisfaction with the result of treatment on a scale of 1 to 5. Results Abdomen was treated in 40 patients, thighs in 18 patients, and arms in 7 patients. One patient had received treatments to both abdomen and thighs. Circumference measurements in all body parts differed significantly between baseline and one month after the 4th session. Patients were satisfied with the result of treatment (score: 4.48 ± 0.66). No adverse events were noted. Conclusions Focused radiofrequency and ultrasound combination is a safe and effective treatment modality for body contouring. Patients should be informed about moderate degrees of improvement.

Most studies on body awareness offer data on assessment and treatment in disease situations. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between anthropometric measurements and body awareness level of healthy people. The study was carried out with 289 volunteer students between the ages of 18–25 who studied at university. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, circumference measurements and measurement rates, skinfold thicknesses. In addition, grip strength and lower limb muscle strength was evaluated. The level of body awareness was evaluated by the Body Awareness Questionnaire. The mean age of the participants included in the study was 19.34 ± 1.48. Sixty five percent were female and 35% were male. A negative correlation was found between body weight and body awareness level (p = 0.02). According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, the model created with circumference measurement rates and sub-dimensions of the Body Awareness Questionnaire was found significant. There was significantly correlated between the changes in the body process and attention to responses, which are sub-dimension, and total right measurement of the lower limb (r:0.124; p: 0.035). In addition, there was a significant relationship between sleep-wakefulness cycle and waist-to-thigh ratios (r:− 0.172; p: 0.003). Our study showed that body awareness is directly related to body weight, lower limb circumference measurements, and waist-to-thigh ratio. These data revealed the effect of body awareness on anatomical structures.

Background During 1978–1981 the Japanese Standards Association conducted a national survey to collect 64 distinct body measurements for Japanese children and adults. During 1978–1981, the prevalence of childhood obesity was relatively low yet the population was well nourished in Japanese children. The aim of this study is to construct waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio reference centile curves for Japanese preschool children. Methods We utilized 1978–1981 national survey data on body sizes. There are 4937 boys and 4758 girls age 0–6 years for waist circumference measurements. Waist circumference was measured at the level of the umbilicus. Using LMS method, centile curves were constructed for waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio. These reference values were compared with those of Dutch, Swedish and Turkish children. Results Centile reference curves were made for clinical and epidemiological use. Japanese children had smaller waist circumference centile values as compared to waist circumference measured at the midpoint of the lowest rib cage and the iliac crest of Dutch, Swedish and Turkish children. However, Japanese children had comparable waist circumference to stature ratio centile values to those of Dutch and Turkish children. Conclusions This study presents the first age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific reference values for waist circumference and waist circumference to stature ratio in Japanese preschool children.

To determine the role of ultrasonography in the follow-up of effectiveness of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) in different subgroups of patients with breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL).Forty-seven patients with unilateral upper BCRL were enrolled in the study. The patient group was divided into two subgroups according to body mass index (BMI) as obese and non-obese and three subgroups according to International Society of Lymphology staging. All patients underwent CDT, the circumference measurements and ultrasonographic soft tissue thicknesses evaluations were performed at two anatomic sites, and upper extremity limb volumes were calculated using the truncated cone formula before and after CDT.There were significant decreases in both circumferential measurements and ultrasonographic soft tissue thicknesses in non-obese patients and stage 2 lymphoedema patients after 15 sessions of CDT. The ultrasonographic soft tissue thickness values were correlated with the upper arm and forearm circumference values before (r = 0.491, p .001, r = 0.841, p .001, respectively) and after (r = 0.535, p .001, r = 0.714, p .001, respectively) CDT.Ultrasonography presents as a reliable method to measure the soft tissue thickness and treatment efficacy after CDT in only non-obese and stage 2 patients with BCRL.

Fitness exercises with all their components have been widespread in recent years and have become largely practiced in most fitness centres as they aim to develop functional devices abilities and capabilities, which helps to speed performance, movement lightness and body agility. Most of first stage practical materials in order to be practiced demands strength, lightness and agility and since the researchers are working in the educational profession noticed a clear weakness in students’ performance for movements and their inability to perform them properly due to the noticeable increase in weight and the lack of interest in applying modern methods in education or practical application which contributed significantly to the lack of movement and performance ineffectiveness among the students. The researchers used the experimental method with one experimental group with tribal and dimensional tests because it fits the research problem nature, the research community was identified by first stage students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wasit University deliberately, where the number of community members were 48 students, the sample was selected randomly the researchers conducted the exploratory experiment on the group, and conducted a training unit for the Pilates exercise which the researchers prepared in the curriculum for the group on the day of 1/4/2018. The researchers concluded that Pilates-exercises led to the development of body measurements among the research sample also led to a decrease in weight and thus reduced the body circumference measurements. The researchers recommended using divers training equipment and conducting training courses for trainers.

AIM: This study was carried out to determine women’s knowledge about lymphedema precautions and their practice status. The sample of this descriptive and correlationally designed study included 107 women who underwent surgery. METHOD: This descriptive study’s data were collected using a questionnaire form developed by the researcher. The data were structured on a 3-point Likert-type scale. The one-way analysis of variance, correlations, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Three-quarters of the women knew that they should do arm exercises, keep the arm above the heart level while resting, and that blood pressure should not be measured, and jewelry not be worn. However, it was found that the percentage of women who did not know that the arm circumference should be measured at regular intervals or how to evaluate the arm circumference measurements and what to do in case of an injury was the same. It was determined that the precautions that the majority of women took in measuring lymphedema consisted of not measuring blood pressure, not wearing tight jewelry, and wearing an appropriate bra. CONCLUSION: It is thought that patients should be informed about the development of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery because their compliance with taking the precautions will be important in reducing the incidence, degree, and effects of lymphedema. WOS:000586582000012 PubMed: 34263214

Introduction/Background Development of lymphoedema after treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), is still an unexplored area. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical presentation of lymphoedema of the legs after surgery for EC including pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy one year postoperatively. Methodology An observational multicentre study conducted in 14 centres in Sweden recruited 262 women. 130 women with high-risk early-stage EC underwent surgery including pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and 132 with low-risk EC had surgery without lymphadenectomy. Systematic leg circumference measurements enabling calculation of leg volumes were performed on four occasions; preoperatively, 4–6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Clinical evaluation of lymphoedema by a lymph therapist was conducted on the same occasion. A 10% increase in volume from baseline was categorised as lymphoedema. Results The incidence of lymphoedema increased from 1.8% at the 4–6 weeks assessment to 15% one year postoperatively when lymphadenectomy had been performed. The corresponding figures in the non-lymphadenectomy group were 1.7% to 9.3%. There was no significant difference in incidence on any occasion between the lymphadenectomy and non-lymphadenectomy group (table 1). In women with more than 10% increase in leg volume, 60.7% was objectively clinically graded as normal by lymph therapists. The distribution of the occurrence of lymphoedema differed significantly between those who had less than 10% increase in leg volume and those who had ≥ 10% (table 2). Conclusion The incidence of lymphoedema in legs caused by lymphadenectomy after surgery for EC seemed to be low when assessed by leg volume measurements. Clinically grading of lymphoedema seemed to be underestimated by lymph therapists especially in those who had ≥ 10% increase in leg volume. This raise concerns about the methods of determining and reporting lymphoedema. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.

Objective A comparative study of manual and automated post processing software tools to measure CT parameters before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Patients and methods 51 patients were included; all admitted to the Cardiology Department with clinically established severe aortic stenosis, in whom TAVI was the treatment of choice. All patients underwent CT angiography (CTA) pre-TAVI. The CT images were post processed and the needed CT parameters were calculated using both manual and automated methods. The results were compared for statistical analysis. Results Only 43 patients completed the study, with mean age 65 years old. The automated software provided accurate almost similar results as the manual method, especially for aortic annulus area and aortic circumference measurements (p-value = 1 and 0.548) and was accepted for left and right coronary artery ostium height (p-value = 0.191 and 0.635). However, there was a statistically significant difference for the minor diameter axis and mean annular diameter (p-value = 0.001 and 0.021). Conclusion The automated software introduced rapid, accurate and reliable measurements for the aortic annulus in cases prepared for TAVI and can be used as a standard method. Also, it can be performed by junior staff with avoidable human errors.

Background:. Lymphedema is a debilitating condition characterized by swelling from lymph fluid exceeding transport capacity. A gold standard for arm measurement is not established, and measurement methods vary. This study evaluates the comparability of the tape measure and Analytic Morphomics in deriving limb circumference measurements in patients with upper extremity lymphedema. Methods:. Fifteen participants with diagnosed upper limb lymphedema were included between July 2013 and June 2017 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Affected and unaffected arm circumferences were measured using a flexible tape or morphomic measurement at 10 cm above and below the elbow. Computed tomography scans were standardized, processed, smoothed with a piecewise polynomial algorithm for Analytic Morphomics of arm circumference. Comparative plots, mean percent difference, and adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) were utilized to compare the consistency of both measurement procedures. Results:. The tape measure and Analytic Morphomics demonstrated consistent measures of arm circumference. On the affected arm, the mean (95% CI) difference in arm circumference between methods was 1.60 cm (0.99–2.20) above, and 0.57 cm (0.23–0.91) below the elbow. Mean percent differences in circumference was 6.65% (SD 3.52%) above and 1.38% (SD 2.11%) below the elbow. The adjusted R2 for both methods was 94% above and 96% below the elbow. Conclusions:. Analytic Morphomics showed strong consistency with the manual tape measure of arm circumference measurement in those with upper extremity lymphedema. Analytic Morphomics present an opportunity for a precise, granular measurement of limb composition for assessment of disease state and patient planning.

In this study, it is aimed to compare the upper extremities of children who play and do not play basketball. In this study, measurements were taken in the upper extremities of a total of 200 secondary school students playing basketball and non-playing, with a mean age range of 11 ± 1.08 (did play sports) - 11 ± 0.8 (did not play sports). The average height and weight ratio of the students who did and did not play sports were 153.5 ± 12.9 - 149.2 ± 8.1 cm and 46.7 ± 12.04 - 43.08 ± 12.9 kg respectively. In the right and left upper extremities of the students who play sports, arm length was 28.4 ± 3.1 - 28.4 ± 3.01, the forearm length was 24.1 ± 2.4 - 24.1 ± 2.4, hand length was 15.9 ± 1.8 to 15.9 ± 1.6, arm circumference was 23.2 ± 3.9 - 23.0 ± 3.8, the circumference of forearm was 20.8 ± 2.5 - 20.6 ± 2.5, hand width was 7.8 ± 0.8 to 7.9 ± 0.8. The results of the biacromial width and bideltoid width measurements were 25.5 ± 3.13 and 39.2 ± 4.7, respectively. In the right and left upper extremities of students who did not do sports, arm length was 26.8 ± 2.5 - 26.6 ± 2.4, forearm length was 23.3 ± 2.1 - 23.3 ± 2.0, hand length was 16.0 ± 1.5 - 16.2 ± 1.5, arm circumference was 22.4 ± 3.5 to 22.4 ± 3.5, circumference of forearm was19.4 ± 2.5 - 19.4 ± 2.5, hand width was 7.6 ± 0.9 - 7.7 ± 0.9. The results of the biacromial and bideltoid width measurements were 28.8 ± 3.8 and 37.6 ± 4.4, respectively. As a result of the evaluation made, there was a difference between arm circumference measurements (p = 0.02) when the measurements taken from the right and left extremities of the students who did sports and did not do sports were compared. It was observed that the difference between right - left arm length (p = 0.001) and right - left hand length (p = 0.02) was significant in the students who did not do sports. Playing basketball increases the arm circumference and forearm circumference in children.

E.A. Perevalina1, perevalinaelena@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-8288-9357, M.M. Shestakov1, shmm@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-6051-4861, S.A. Laggao2, laggao@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-0623-0726 1Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, 2Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone Перевалина Елена Андреевна, аспирант, Кубанский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и туризма. 350015, г. Краснодар, ул. Буденного, 161. E-mail: perevalinaelena@ yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-8288-9357. Шестаков Михаил Михайлович, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, кафедра теории и методики футбола и регби, Кубанский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и туризма. 350015, г. Краснодар, ул. Буденного, 161. E-mail: shmm@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-6051-4861. Самуэль Августин Лаггао, доктор философии, кафедра биокинетики и медико-санитарного просвещения, руководитель отдела биокинетики и медицинского образования, Университет Ньялы, Фритаун, Сьерра-Леоне. E-mail: laggao@yandex.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-0623-0726. Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of changes in the morphological parameters of women aged 30-40 years involved in different fitness programs at the basic stage. Materials and methods. 85 women aged 30-40 years participated in different fitness programs during 9 weeks: 17 - gym, 19 - traditional aerobics, 17 - strength aerobics, 17 - functional training, 15 - fitness-yoga. 60-minute fitness lessons were conducted 3 times per week. We measured the following parameters: height, weight, body circumference, skin-fat fold volume, the absolute and relative values of the muscle and fat tissues. Results. In women, body mass reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. The reduction of body circumference measurements occurs under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, strength aerobics, and functional training. Muscle mass increases as a result of gym training and decreases after traditional aerobics. The absolute and relative mass of the fat tissue reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. Conclusion. Different fitness programs influence differently morphological status in women aged 30-40 years. Цель исследования. Определить особенности изменения морфологических показателей женщин 30-40 лет под воздействием тренировочных нагрузок разных программ фитнеса на базовом этапе занятий. Материалы и методы. Разные программы фитнеса девять недель реализовали 85 женщин 30-40 лет: 17 занимались в тренажерном зале, 19 - классической аэробикой, 17 - силовой аэробикой, 17 - функциональным тренингом, 15 - фитнесйогой. Занятия проводились 3 раза в неделю по 60 минут. Контролировались: рост, вес, обхватные размеры звеньев тела, толщина кожно-жировых складок, рассчитывались абсолютные и относительные показатели мышечной и жировой ткани. Результаты. Масса тела у женщин снижается под воздействием занятий в тренажерном зале, классической аэробикой и функциональной тренировкой. Уменьшение обхватных размеров звеньев тела происходит под воздействием занятий в тренажерном зале, классической аэробикой, силовой аэробикой, функциональной тренировкой. Толщина кожно-жировых складок уменьшается под воздействием занятий в тренажерном зале, классической аэробикой, функциональной тренировкой. Увеличению мышечной массы способствуют занятия в тренажерном зале, а уменьшению - классической аэробикой. Абсолютная и относительная масса жировой ткани уменьшается при занятиях в тренажерном зале, классической аэробикой, функциональной тренировкой. Заключение. Тренировочные нагрузки разных программ фитнеса обладают специфическими особенностями воздействия на показатели морфологического статуса женщин 30-40 лет.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks Tae-bo exercises implemented on sedentary women, on some physical and physiological parameters. 32 volunteer sedentary women were involved in the said study whose age average is28,31±4,79. 32 volunteer sedentary women were involved in the investigation group, whose age average was 28,31±4,79 years and height average was 163,17±3,93 cm. Body weight before and after the exercises was taken, some circumference measurements were made and blood samples were taken on an empty stomach basis, in pre-determined healthcare organizations, in a proper laboratory environment by competent people. Paired Sample T Test was implemented to compare values before and after the exercise with descriptive statistics by using SPSS 22.0 software during the analysis of obtained data.A significant difference was determined in between blood lipids Triglyceride, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol levels before and after the implemented resistance exercises in the direction of obtained findings (p>0,05). In the same way, a significant and positive change was determined in between preliminary test and last-test measurements. (p>0,05).Finally, it is observed as a result of our investigation that implemented tae-bo exercise program made an important remediation physiologically for Sedentary women. At the same time, it can also be seen from our findings that it changed circumference measurements physically in a positive way. On the basis of these findings, Tae-bo exercises are thought to be a preferable exercise program to reach a healthy body-mass index, and besides, to be protective for lots of diseases which would be caused by the cardiovascular system. Keywords: Tae-bo Exercise, Blood Lipids and Circumference Measurements

Purpose The purpose of the study was to convert waist circumference (WC) measurements obtained by the World Health Organization (WHO-WC) method to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI-WC) method. Methods During 2016, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged 20 years and older had two different WC measurements taken (n = 2405). The mean differences in the WC between the NHLBI-WC and WHO-WC measurements were calculated. Multivariable prediction models were developed to predict the NHLBI-WC from the measured WHO-WC. Sensitivity and specificity of the abdominal obesity classification (AOC) were calculated for the measured WHO-WC and the predicted NHLBI-WC. Kappa coefficients were calculated to evaluate the agreements between the AOC derived from the NHLBI-WC and from the WHO-WC and the predicted NHLBI-WC. Results The mean differences between the NHLBI-WC and WHO-WC were 0.8 cm for males and 3.2 cm for females (P ≤ .05). Sensitivity of the AOC for the measured WHO-WC was 93% for males and 87% for females, and the specificity of the AOC was 97% or greater for both genders. Sensitivity and specificity of the AOC for the predicted NHLBI-WC were 95% or greater for both genders. The AOC derived from the predicted NHLBI-WC had higher agreements for both genders. Conclusions The prediction equations provided may be used to predict the NHLBI-WC from the WHO-WC for comparability in WC estimates across studies.

The Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), including timed push-ups, sit-ups, and run, assesses physical performance for the Army. Percent body fat is estimated using height and circumference measurements. The objectives of the study were to (a) compare the accuracy of height and circumference measurements to other, more accepted, body fat assessment methods and (b) determine the relationships between body composition and APFT results. Participants included Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets (n = 11 males, 2 females, 21.6 ± 3.5 years) from a midwestern university). At one visit, percent body fat was assessed using height and circumference measurements, air-displacement plethysmography, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. APFT results were provided by the ROTC director. All assessment methods for percent body fat were strongly associated (r ≥ 0.7, p0.01), implying that height and circumference measurement is a practical tool to estimate percent body fat of ROTC cadets. Total APFT score was not associated with any body fat assessment method. Push-up number was negatively associated with percent body fat by all assessment methods (r ≥ -0.8, p = 0.001), although run time was positively associated (r ≥ 0.6, p0.05). This suggests that percent body fat may be an important variable in determining or improving cardiovascular and muscular endurance, but not APFT performance.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact on body weight status and food-related behaviors following participation in the Cooking Up Energy® (CUE) Program. METHODS Children 7-11 years old attended 10 cooking/nutrition education sessions. Baseline and post-program weight, height and waist circumference measurements, frequency of participation in meal preparation and food frequency questionnaires were obtained. Data were analyzed for the entire group as well as a subgroup of overweight and obese participants. RESULTS Participants (N = 51) were predominately Latino (76%) and overweight (52%). Significant reduction in mean body mass index (BMI) percentile was found in the subgroup of overweight and obese participants (N = 27; p < .05). However, reduction in mean BMI z-score was non-significant. Reports of program enjoyment (98%) and an increased desire to cook more frequently at home (83%) were found; however, no significant increase in participation in meal preparation at home was found following program completion. CONCLUSION The CUE program was well received by most participants, and there is indication that program participation has the potential to have a positive influence on body weight. However, more research is needed to explore ways to promote an increase in participation in food preparation at home by children.

INTRODUCTION Most head circumference growth references are useful during the first years of life, but they are also useful for older children when screening for developmental, neurological, and genetic disorders. We aimed to develop head circumference growth reference charts for age, height, and waist circumference for Turkish children aged 5-18 years. METHODS Head circumference, height, and waist circumference measurements were obtained from 5079 students aged 5-18 years from Izmit, Kocaeli Province, Turkey. The LMS method was used to construct reference centile curves. RESULTS Head circumference measurements were strongly correlated with height (r=0.74), weight (r=0.76), and waist circumference (r=0.68). The mean head circumference values for boys were larger than those for girls at all ages. Compared with data from the United States, the World Health Organization, and other studies from Turkey, our data showed a decrease in head circumference at all ages for both sexes. CONCLUSION Local growth charts can be used to evaluate head circumference growth in older Turkish children and adolescents.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of cardiac postmortem magnetic resonance (PMMR) to perform routine measurements of the ventricular wall thicknesses and the heart valves and to assess if imaging measurements are consistent with traditional autopsy measurements. Methods In this retrospective study, 25 cases with cardiac PMMR and subsequent autopsy were included. The thicknesses of the myocardial walls as well as the circumferences of all heart valves were measured on cardiac PMMR and compared to autopsy measurements. Paired samples T -test and the Wilcoxon-Signed rank test, were used to compare autopsy and cardiac PMMR measurements. For exploring correlations, the Pearson's Correlation coefficient and the Spearman's Rho test were used. Results Cardiac PMMR measurements of the aortic and pulmonary valve circumferences showed no significant differences from autopsy measurements. The mitral and tricuspid valves circumferences differed significantly from autopsy measurements. Left myocardial and right myocardial wall thickness also differed significantly from autopsy measurements. Left and right myocardial wall thickness, and tricuspid valve circumference measurements on cardiac PMMR and autopsy, correlated strongly and significantly. Conclusion Several PMMR measurements of cardiac parameters differ significantly from corresponding autopsy measurements. However, there is a strong correlation between cardiac PMMR measurements and autopsy measurements in the majority of these parameters. It is important to note that myocardial walls are thicker when measured in situ on cardiac PMMR than when measured at autopsy. Investigators using post-mortem MR should be aware of these differences in order to avoid false diagnoses of cardiac pathology based on cardiac PMMR.

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the body composition and motor characteristics of the students attending the wrestling lesson in one academic year (8 months). The study included 19 male wrestler students with an average age of 21.20±1.61 years. Body weights, body circumference measurements, regional muscle strengths, anaerobic strength skinfold thicknesses and body fat percentages were measured twice before the start of the wrestling training at the beginning of the academic year. SPSS 20.0 package program was used to analyze the data obtained at the beginning and end of the season. In the evaluation of pretest and posttest measurements, wrestler students’ body weights, BMI, shoulder circumference, chest circumference, bicep circumference (ext), bicep circumference (flx), hip circumference, upper leg circumference, vertical jump distance, long jump distances, Anaerobic power capacities There was a statistically significant difference between the back force, leg strength, biceps, triceps and abdominal skin folds (p

Objective The aim of this study was to validate the UA-1200BLE device using the ISO 81060-2:2013 standard. Materials and methods Individuals aged more than 12 years were recruited from among the outpatients and volunteers of Jichi Medical University (Tochigi, Japan). Eighty-five patients were included in the final analyses. Validation was performed using the same-arm sequence protocol as per the ISO 81060-2:2013 standard. Results The device performed well against the standard; the mean and SD values for the differences between device and observed systolic and diastolic blood pressure values fulfilled both criterion 1 and criterion 2 of the standard (criterion 1: -2.62±6.89 and -0.90±6.63 mmHg, respectively; criterion 2: -2.65±5.36 and -0.91±6.12 mmHg, respectively). The Bland-Altman plots did not show any systematic variation in the error. Conclusion The UA-1200BLE device had a high level of accuracy and fulfilled all ISO 81060-2:2013 standard requirements in adults with a wide range of arm circumference measurements. It is therefore suitable as a wireless blood pressure monitoring tool in patients with hypertension.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of nutritional habits on quality of life by applying Short Form (SF-36) Quality of Life Scale. Methods: SF-36 was administered through face-to-face interviews to a total of 129 individuals (112 female, 17 male) aged 18-65 years. Anthropometric measurements, body mass index, and waist circumference measurement were undertaken simultaneously. The changes in weight, body mass index, waist circumference measurement, and SF-36 scores were compared at baseline and three months after modification of dietary habits. Results: At three months after the regulation of dietary habits, a statistically significant decrease was found in weight, body mass index, and waist circumference measurements (p

Background and Objective Several studies have been published on the first generation non-thermal focused ultrasound with an average improvement of 0–3.95 cm reported [1,2]. We aim to investigate the efficacy of the second-generation non-thermal focused ultrasound device with a combined radiofrequency hand piece. With the addition of radiofrequency energy, the temperature of the adipose tissue is raised before focused ultrasound is applied. This facilitates the mechanical disruption of fat cells by focused ultrasound. Study Design and Methods Twenty subjects were recruited and underwent three treatments biweekly. Caliper reading, abdominal circumference, and standardized photographs were taken with the Vectra® system at all visits. We aim to have the subjects stand and hold the same position and the photograph taken after exhalation. Caliper and circumference measurements carry uncertainty. It is impossible to eliminate all uncertainties but can be improved by having the same trained physician assistant perform the measurement at the same site and taking an average of three readings. Pain score and satisfaction were recorded by means of the visual analogue scale. The efficacy is defined by a statistically significant improvement in circumferential improvement based on intention-to-treat analysis. Results Seventeen subjects completed the treatment schedule. Abdominal circumference showed statistically significant improvement at 2 weeks post-second treatment (P = 0.023) and almost all subsequent follow-ups. Caliper readings were statistically significant at 2 weeks post-second treatment (P = 0.013) and almost all follow-ups. The mean pain score reported was 2.3 on the visual analog scale and 6% were unsatisfied with the overall treatments. Six incidents of wheal formation appeared immediately after treatment all of which subsided spontaneously within several hours. Conclusion The combination non-thermal focused ultrasound and radiofrequency device is effective for improving body contour in Asians. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:203–207, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Abdominal muscle strength decreases and fat ratio in the waist region increases following cesarean section. Kinesio taping (KT) is an easily applicable method and stimulates muscle activation. The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to investigate the effects of KT combined with exercise in women with cesarean section on abdominal recovery compared to the exercise alone. Twenty-four women in between the fourth and sixth postnatal months who had cesarean section were randomly assigned to KT + exercise (n = 12) group or exercise group (n = 12). KT was applied twice a week for 4 weeks on rectus abdominis, oblique abdominal muscles and cesarean incision. All women were instructed to carry out posterior pelvic tilt, core stabilization and abdominal correction exercises. Outcome measures were evaluated with the manual muscle test, sit-up test, abdominal endurance test, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), circumference measurements and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze data. p

Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine anthropometric measurements of a group of healthy newborns and evaluate their association with the serum levels of leptin and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1).Methods: Extremity lengths, skinfold thickness, body circumference measurements of 113 heathy newborns were taken by appropriate methods. Of the total 113 newborns, 55 were male and 58 were female. Serum leptin and IGF-1 levels were measured.Results: Leptin levels had moderately positive correlations with body mass index (BMI), weight and suprailiac skinfold thickness (p0.05).Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements of newborns will be of guidance for the growth and development of their future life. J Clin Exp Invest 2015; 6 (3): 214-219Key words: Anthropometry, newborn, leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1), Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlıklı yenidoğanların antropometrik ölçümlerini yapmak ve ölçümlerin serum leptin ve insulin benzeri büyüme faktörü 1(IGF-1) düzeyleriyle ilişkisini araştırmaktır.Yöntemler: Toplam 113(55 erkek, 58 kız) sağlıklı yenidoğanda, ekstremite uzunlukları, deri kıvrım kalınlığı, vücut çevre ölçümleri uygun yöntemler kullanılarak ölçüldü. Serum leptin ve IGF-1 seviyelerine bakıldı.Bulgular: Antropometrik ölçümlerden vücut kitle indeksi, vücut ağırlığı ve suprailiac deri kıvrım kalınlığı ile serum leptin seviyesi arasında orta düzeyde pozitif korelasyon saptandı (p0.05).Sonuç: Bebeklerin antropometrik ölçümleri gelecekteki büyüme ve gelişme düzeyleri konusunda rehberlik edecektir. Leptin büyüme üzerine etkili bir hormondur

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate cardiometabolic risk factors in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and their relationship with epicardial fat thickness (EFT). Patients and methods: The study included 50 consecutive AS patients (29 males, 21 females; mean age 40.5±9.4 years; range 25 to 60 years) with a median disease duration of 8.3 years and 50 healthy controls (33 males, 17 females; mean age 39.8±6.4 years, range 24 to 58 years). All patients’ EFT was measured with echocardiography. Results: Both body mass index and waist circumference measurements were higher in AS patients than healthy controls (25.4±3.5. vs. 24.5±2.9 kg/m 2 , p=0.005; 96.2±10.8 vs. 86.7±12.6 cm, p

Background: The incidence of secondary upper limb lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer is unclear due to the wide variety of measurement tools and diagnostic thresholds that are used in both the literature and clinical practice. Furthermore, this lack of clarity in what constitutes lymphedema or not has prevented the progression of the field of lymphedema. Many of the thresholds have been chosen for ease of use only and have no evidence base to support them. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine which clinical diagnostic threshold for unilateral upper limb lymphedema has the best sensitivity and specificity when compared to diagnosis by lymphoscintigraphy. Methods: Women with and without a history of secondary upper limb lymphedema were assessed using lymphoscintigraphy, bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) as well as volume and circumference measurements using the perometer. Dermal backflow score was determined as the diagnostic criteria for the lymphoscintigraphy and was assessed by an experienced nuclear medicine physician. Determination of the presence of lymphedema by lymphoscintigraphy was compared with diagnosis by both commonly-used and normatively-determined diagnostic thresholds for circumference, volume and bioimpedance. Normatively-and commonly-used diagnostic thresholds examinedWhole arm volumeCircumferenceWhole arm BISNormatively-determined thresholds examined3SD perometry threshold*Single elevated circ (3SD threshold)*3SD Cornish, 20012SD perometry threshold*Adjacent raised circ (3SD threshold)*2SD Cornish, 20013SD frustrum threshold*Single raised threshold (2 SD)*3SD, Ward 20112SD frustum threshold*Adjacent raised circ (2SD threshold)*2SD, Ward 2011 3SD SOAC* 2SD SOAC* Commonly-used thresholds examined200 ml interlimb difference2 cm single interlimb difference 10% differenceAdjacent 2 cm interlimb difference 5 cm SOAC * Dylke et al, 2012; Sum of arm circumferences (SOAC); Circumference measure (Circ) Results: For those with widespread dermal backflow, any clinical diagnostic criteria could differentiate between those with and without lymphedema. In contrast, for those with mild to moderate dermal backflow, only the normatively-determined threshold, set at 2 standard deviations above the norm, for arm circumference and full arm bioimpedance (Cornish et al 2001) had adequate sensitivity and specificity. Both of these thresholds had clinically relevant positive (23 and 10 respectively) and negative (0.2 and 0.3) likelihood ratios. Conclusion: Evidence-based diagnostic thresholds have been established for the diagnosis of secondary upper limb lymphedema. In determining if lymphoedema is present in those with mild lymphedema, normatively-determined circumference and bioimpedance thresholds that account for limb dominance should be used. Adoption of these evidence-based criteria will allow, for the first time, comparison between studies, clarifying the incidence and risk factors for lymphedema, allowing the field to make meaningful progress forward in determining who is at-risk for lymphedema and how to prevent it from developing. Acknowledgements: Cancer Australia and National Breast Cancer Foundation. Citation Format: Sharon L Kilbreath, Elizabeth S Dylke, Geoff P Schembri, Leigh C Ward, Dale L Bailey, Deborah Black, Elizabeth A Bailey, Jane M Beith, Kathryn M Refshauge. Determination of the first evidence-based diagnosis of secondary upper limb lymphedema [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-09.