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Aim: An adult female population that appeared to be in good health was included in this study to assess the effects of a six-week circuit training programme on cardiovascular endurance and quality of life. Background: People going through menopause are looking for ways to improve their quality of life and alleviate symptoms, and hormone medication has a lot of side effects, therefore people are looking towards non-pharmacological approaches. Several studies have shown that aerobic and resistance training have positive effects on women going through menopause. Method: The study included 44 menopausal women who were randomly allocated to either a group that trained using circuit training for six weeks or a control group that had regular physiotherapy for the same amount of time. We tracked BMI before and after the intervention, along with cardiorespiratory fitness indicators such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and the distance covered in a six-minute walk test. Additionally, we administered the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: We used INSTAT 3.06, a statistical programme, and an unpaired t-test to analyze the data. Results: The study found that menopausal women’s cardiovascular endurance and quality of life were both greatly enhanced by the six-week circuit training programme. “There was no statistically significant change between the pre- and post-intervention values of the body mass index or the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life scores, however, there was a difference in the cardiorespiratory indicators and physical symptoms in quality of life. Conclusion: Circuit training has the potential to alleviate menopausal symptoms and improve the quality of life for women going through menopause. Physical therapists treating menopausal women might think about using circuit training as an intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-intensity circuit training (HICT) has become increasingly popular for enhancing health and fitness. However, limited research exists on the effects of high-intensity circuit training using body weight (HICTBW) on body composition in sedentary young adults. This study aimed to explore the impact of a 4-week HICTBW program on body composition in sedentary collegiate females. A randomized controlled trial design was employed. Twenty sedentary collegiate females were randomly assigned to either a training group (n=10), which participated in a 4-week HICTBW program, or a control group (n=10), which did not engage in any training. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (r = 0.642 to 0.78), measuring body fat percentage, fat mass, muscle mass, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare between and within groups. Although no significant differences in body composition variables were observed between pre- and post-training (p>0.05), slight positive changes were noted in all measured parameters. The lack of significant findings may be attributed to the short duration and frequency of the intervention. Future studies with extended training periods are recommended to better understand the potential impact of HICTBW on body composition in sedentary collegiate females. This research highlights the need for more comprehensive studies to validate the effectiveness of HICTBW in improving body composition among this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and objectives: Obesity is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Normal-weight obesity, where the body mass index(BMI) is within the normal range but the body fat percentage is high, also adversely impacts cardiovascular and metabolic health. This study explored the effects of whole-body circuit training using a weighted vest on serum resistin, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal-weight obese women. Methods: Thirty-six normal-weight obese women were divided into three groups: Weighted Vest Circuit Training(WVCT)(n = 12), Body Weight Circuit Training(BWCT)(n = 12), and a Control group(CON)(n = 12). Participants in the WVCT and BWCT groups engaged in whole-body circuit training three times per week for eight weeks. Serum resistin, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and insulin resistance were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The study revealed significant and impactful findings. There were substantial improvements in body composition(Skeletal Muscle Mass: +7.5 %, p = 0.042, d = 0.80), Serum Resistin(-38.2 %, p = 0.001, d = 0.85), insulin resistance(HOMA-IR: 27.1 %, p

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Study Aim. Reactive agility and aerobic endurance are crucial physical components for athletes' success in both competitions and training. However, traditional training programs often fail to simultaneously address both components effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a training type using the circuit method to improve reactive agility and aerobic endurance. Material and Methods. This research is an experimental study employing a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were fourteen junior male athletes aged 15 to 17 years. The training program was conducted three times a week for six weeks and included eight different exercises. The instruments used were table tennis reactive agility measuring devices and the beep test for assessing aerobic endurance. Data were analyzed using the paired sample T-test. Results. The results of the data normality test showed a significance value (Sig.) greater than 0.05, indicating that the data were normally distributed and suitable for further analysis. Subsequent testing for the effectiveness of the exercise regimen using the paired sample T-test revealed significant improvements: reactive agility and aerobic endurance both achieved a p-value of 0.000. Conclusions. The findings indicate that circuit training, involving eight types of exercises, significantly improved the athletes' reactive agility and aerobic capacity. Specifically, there was a notable average increase in both reactive agility and aerobic capacity following the training regimen. These results underscore the potential benefits of employing the circuit training method with eight diverse exercises to enhance performance in table tennis athletes.

Abstract COVID-19 is a highly contagious virus that uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter human cells. The virus leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-6) and an impaired coagulation system, which can cause serious complications during and after the disease. Physical exercise has been shown to improve COVID-19 complications through various mechanisms, such as modulation of the immune and coagulation systems. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of training on inflammatory, coagulation, and physical factors in patients with COVID-19 during the recovery phase. Twenty-seven male and female volunteers (age 20–45 years) who recently recovered from COVID-19 were assigned to the control (n = 13) or the training group (n = 14). Blood samples, aerobic capacity and muscle endurance were collected 24 h before the start of the interventions and 24 h after the final training session in week 4 and 48 h after the final training session in week 8. IL-6, ACE2, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were measured using ELISA. The training group showed a significant increase in muscle endurance (p = 0.004) and aerobic capacity (p = 0.009) compared to the control group. Serum levels of IL-6 and fibrinogen decreased in the training group but this decrease was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Despite a slight increase in the quality of life and sleep in the training group, no statistically significant difference was observed between the training and the control group. It appears that physical training has beneficial effects on the coagulation system, inflammatory factors, and sleep quality and can facilitate the recovery of COVID-19 patients.

Background and Study Aim Reactive agility and aerobic endurance are crucial physical components for athletes' success in both competitions and training. However, traditional training programs often fail to simultaneously address both components effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a training type using the circuit method to improve reactive agility and aerobic endurance. Material and Methods This research is an experimental study employing a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were fourteen junior male athletes aged 15 to 17 years. The training program was conducted three times a week for six weeks and included eight different exercises. The instruments used were table tennis reactive agility measuring devices and the beep test for assessing aerobic endurance. Data were analyzed using the paired sample T-test. Results The results of the data normality test showed a significance value (Sig.) greater than 0.05, indicating that the data were normally distributed and suitable for further analysis. Subsequent testing for the effectiveness of the exercise regimen using the paired sample T-test revealed significant improvements: reactive agility and aerobic endurance both achieved a p-value of 0.000. Conclusions The findings indicate that circuit training, involving eight types of exercises, significantly improved the athletes' reactive agility and aerobic capacity. Specifically, there was a notable average increase in both reactive agility and aerobic capacity following the training regimen. These results underscore the potential benefits of employing the circuit training method with eight diverse exercises to enhance performance in table tennis athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobic endurance is an important component in futsal sports games, so it requires an exercise that can increase aerobic endurance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of circuit training with fartlek exercises to increase aerobic endurance futsal players Bina Darma. The research method used was an experiment with the design of the control group pre-test post-test. The study population of 40 Bina Darma futsal players was divided evenly into two groups, namely the circuit training group and the fartlek training group consisting of 20 samples. Each group performed the exercises for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 times a week. Aerobic endurance measurements were taken before and after the exercise program using the Bleep Test. Analysis Data obtained from VO2 max test will be analyzed using statistical software SPSS 23. Statistical analysis that will be used is an Paired Samples Test to compare the increase in aerobic endurance between circuit training group and fartlek exercise group. The results showed a significant increase in aerobic endurance in all groups after the exercise programme. The results of this study showed that the circuit training group was more significant than the fartlek training group with very high statistical significance (p< .001), showing that the difference between circuit training and fartlek training in improving aerobic endurance was significant. In conclusion, circuit training is a more effective option for improving aerobic endurance in Bina Darma futsal players. Choosing the right type of sport can increase the aerobic endurance of futsal players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Circular training is thought to have a motivating feature by distracting the individual from routine and boring training practices with different exercise methods. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different rest periods applied during circular training on blood lactate levels. Method: The pretest-posttest model was used in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 24 (Xage =20,00±1,79; Xheight =171,75 ± 6,22; Xweight =75,01± 6,39) volunteer male basketball athletes. Lactate measurements were taken before, during and after circular training with different rest periods. The data was analyzed in the SPSS 24.0 package program, with a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 significance level, and normality analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Since the data were not normally distributed, nonparametric tests were applied. The change in heart rate averages and lactate levels of the research group according to resting times were evaluated by Wilcoxon Test. Results: In general, it was determined that the circular training program with different rest intervals caused significant differences in the measurement parameters (Heart Rate, and Lactate) of the participants (p<0.05). It was observed that the average heart rate and lactate values reached during training decreased as the rest period of the research group increased. On the other hand, the effects of long-term circular training programs with different rest intervals on aerobicanaerobic energy metabolism will contribute to the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity and overweight caused by the industrial lifestyle and inactivity is an epidemic problem in the contemporary world. By creating a systemic inflammation and disorder in blood lipids, obesity causes chronic disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of circuit bodyweight training (CBWT) with chitosan supplementation on lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and aerobic fitness in obese men. Methods: In a quasi-experimental research design, 22 overweight and obese men (age: 25-35 years; fat percentage: 32-37%; body mass index (BMI): 30-35 kg/m2) from Tabriz City were selected and assigned into two Exercise and Exercise- Chitosan groups based on BMI and fat percentage. The CBWT protocol consisted of five 30-minute sessions with 60-90% of heart rate reserve (HRR). CBWT consisted of six exercise stations lasting one minute with 30-40 seconds of rest between each exercise. Also, eight weeks of chitosan supplementation consisted of 500 mg per day in three divided doses which were taken 30 minutes before each main meal. 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session, aerobic capacity, lipid, and inflammatory profiles were measured. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance and independent t-test via SPSS26 software. Results: Eight weeks of CBWT with and without chitosan supplementation did not cause significant changes in leukocytosis indices (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils), triglycerides, HDL, and LDL. However, in both groups of exercises with and without chitosan supplementation, the level of CRP decreased significantly and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Also, serum cholesterol levels decreased significantly only in the CBWT with the chitosan supplementation group (P=0.01). Conclusion: CBWT along with chitosan supplementation is probably a suitable method to reduce systemic inflammation and improve the lipid profile of obese men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Problems: Wrestling is a compulsory course that can improve physical strength, discipline, and strategic skills and student learning outcomes. However, the learning outcomes are still not optimal due to inconsistent training, limited technique understanding, and a lack of independent training opportunities. Research Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of motor education level and circuit training on proficiency in learning wrestling martial arts techniques. Methods: This study used an experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group where there are two groups, the high motor ability group and the low motor ability group. The population consists of 40 students, and a sample of 20 students was selected using purposive sampling techniques based on certain criteria. Motor ability in this study is defined as an individual's ability to learn and develop motor skills, which is used to measure how quickly and efficiently a person can learn new motor movements. Data collection was done by measuring the level of motor ability and evaluating the techniques of wrestling after a period of practice. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 23 statistical software to evaluate the learning outcomes of the basic techniques of wrestling. Findings/Results: The results of the data analysis showed that overall, there were no significant differences between the two groups. However, when looking closely at the level of motor skills, there are differences in the post-test scores between students with high and low motor skills. Conclusion: The conclusions of the study showed that although there were no significant differences between the two groups, the high motor skills group showed more consistent improvements. Future research could focus on the development of physical and mental skills such as endurance, strength, and discipline, which are important in improving wrestlers’ performance.

Study purpose. This study examines the effect of a 16-week interval progressive circuit training program on the skill and health-related fitness of overweight university students. Materials and methods. A total of 72 university students underwent health and skill-related fitness tests before and after a 16-week progressive circuit training program. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine differences between pre- and post-tests. Results. Significant decrease in BMI, cardiovascular endurance, agility, speed and reaction time was observed after a 16 week progressive circuit training program (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, strength, flexibility, coordination and power increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The 16-week interval progressive circuit training programme has a positive effect on the physical fitness among the study participants. Conclusions. The findings encourage further research into optimized training protocols, long-term sustainability of improvements, and tailored applications for specific population groups, ultimately advancing our understanding of the multifaceted benefits of interval progressive circuit training.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the effect of circuit training on sleep and cognition in collegiate with poor sleep quality. Methods: The present study was conducted among 30 subjects having poor sleep quality, who were randomly allocated via lottery method to either a circuit training group or a control group i.e., a treadmill running group. The intervention was given for 3 weeks, with 3 sessions of 30 minutes per week each. Subjects were assessed for poor sleep and cognition at the beginning and end of the 3rd week. Result: 3 weeks of circuit training showed significant improvement in sleep and also in working memory and attention. Conclusion: Insufficient sleep is prevailing among college students. Due of their accessibility and minimal danger, non-pharmacological methods are advised. Given the findings of the present study, dynamic circuit training should be recommended as a practical approach to improve poor sleep and cognition in collegiate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study purpose. This study examines the effect of a 16-week interval progressive circuit training program on the skill and health-related fitness of overweight university students. Materials and methods. A total of 72 university students underwent health and skill-related fitness tests before and after a 16-week progressive circuit training program. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine differences between pre- and post-tests. Results. Significant decrease in BMI, cardiovascular endurance, agility, speed and reaction time was observed after a 16 week progressive circuit training program (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, strength, flexibility, coordination and power increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The 16-week interval progressive circuit training programme has a positive effect on the physical fitness among the study participants. Conclusions. The findings encourage further research into optimized training protocols, long-term sustainability of improvements, and tailored applications for specific population groups, ultimately advancing our understanding of the multifaceted benefits of interval progressive circuit training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functional training (FT) has become popular and seems to provoke health benefits. However, there are unsubstantiated claims regarding energy expenditure (EE) vs. weight-loss and cardiorespiratory improvements linked to FT. Objective: This study quantified the EE and intensity during FT performed in a conventional fitness center. Additionally, data of FT and moderate continuous walking (WLK) were compared. Methods: Healthy individuals with no previous experience with FT [n = 25, 11 males/14 females, 38.8 ± 9.3 years; 73.9 ± 13.8 Kg; 168.5 ± 8.5 cm; 26.0 ± 4.5 Kg/m2; 16 overweight (BMI >25 Kg/m2)] performed three FT sessions interspersed with 48 h (two familiarization, one assessment). The circuit included 4 rounds of 12 exercises performed at all-out intensity for 20 s with 1-min intervals between rounds. WLK was performed for 25 min with intensity corresponding to scores 3–5 on Borg CR-10 Scale. Outcomes were EE (kcal), movement counts estimated by triaxial accelerometry, heart rate reserve (%HRR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: On average, FT sessions lasted 24 min and EE ranged between 124 and 292 kcal (188 ± 41 kcal), corresponding to 5–8 METs (6.1 ± 0.6 METs), and 70–80%HRR (74 ± 8%). Accelerometry (counts/min) showed that vigorous predominated over moderate intensity during FT and WLK (p =.01), with similar EE. The relative intensity and RPE were higher in FT vs. WLK (74% vs. 55%HRR and Borg 5–8 vs. 3–5, respectively; p <.0001). Conclusion: FT and WLK elicited EE consistent with recommendations to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, but only FT achieved relative intensities compatible with cardiorespiratory improvement. FT should be considered an option in health-oriented exercise programs for the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of an original fitness model, based on circuit training on the level of physical quality muscle strength of female students of Trakia University. The testing was conducted in the academic year 2016/2017. A contingent of the study were 69 female students of secondary age 20,04 years from the first and second year of three faculties of Trakia University - Economics, Agricultural, and Veterinary Medicine. They were divided into two groups. In an experimental group of 36 female students circuit training twice a week for 30 weeks had been conducted. A control group of 33 female students, were trained according to an approved curriculum for the discipline "Physical Sports and Education". To achieve the objective, we used the following methods: testing, pedagogical experiments, analysis of variance, comparative analysis, and graphical analysis. Their results and analysis showed that the experiment was successful and the developed fitness program is effective. The author's fitness model based on circuit workouts improved the muscular strength of female students.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circuit training on β-amyloid, BDNF, and cognitive function in untrained obese elderly Korean women. Methods: The subjects for the study were aged 65–70 years and were each assigned to a circuit training group (EG, n = 12) or a control group (CG, n = 11). The 60 min combined exercise was performed 3 times per week for 16 weeks. The exercise intensity was progressively increased from a 40% heart rate reserve to a 70% heart rate reserve. The test data were analyzed using a paired t-test, an independent t-test, and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and an alpha level of 0.05 was set for all tests of significance. Results: Group-by-time interaction effects were observed for β-amyloid (p < 0.05), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and cognitive function (p < 0.05). Within the exercise group, significant differences were found in β-amyloid (p < 0.05), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.001), and cognitive function (p < 0.05) when comparing across different time points. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between groups in post-exercise β-amyloid (p < 0.05), change in β-amyloid (p < 0.05), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and cognitive function (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the circuit training used in this study could be an effective exercise method for improving the risk factors of cognitive impairment in obese elderly Korean women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high-intensity circuit training with colostrum supplementation on the body composition and health factors of overweight men. Methods and Materials: 40 healthy overweight men were randomly divided into four groups of exercise and colostrum supplement, exercise and placebo, colostrum supplement and control. The training protocol consisted of three sessions per week for eight weeks. Subjects in the supplement and exercise-supplement group took 20 grams of powdered colostrum mixed with 200 ml of water every other day; then, they consumed them. The variables of fat percentage, blood fat, BMI index and waist to hip ratio were measured in all the subjects before and after supplementation and exercise. Results: The results showed that the percentage of body fat in the supplemental training group was significantly reduced compared to the colostrum supplement and exercise-placebo and control groups. Furthermore, blood fat, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio index showed a significant decrease in the exercisesupplement group compared to the other three groups. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the interaction of high-intensity circuit training and colostrum supplementation causes a significant reduction in body fat percentage, blood fat, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. However, the need for more studies seems necessary considering the limitations of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypocalcemia is a common problem during pregnancy that affects maternal and fetal outcomes. So, preventive and treatment measures are warranted to prevent complications and promote health and well-being in pregnant women with calcium deficiency. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of circuit training (CT) on calcium levels and physical fitness in pregnant women with hypocalcemia. Methods: Forty-four pregnant women in their 2nd trimester having hypocalcemia participated in the study; their ages ranged from 20 to 35 years old, and their body mass index (BMI) was 35.00 to 39.99kg/m2. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. The control group received daily calcium supplements (1.5 - 2 g), while the CT group received the same tablets and performed the CT program for 60 minutes, three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Serum-free and ionized calcium levels were measured, and sit and reach flexibility test, wall squat test, chair stand test, and modified push-up test assessed the physical fitness before and after treatment. Results: The control and CT groups showed statistically significant increases (p<0.0001) in free and ionized calcium levels and a non-significant difference (p>0.05) between groups after treatment. Compared to the control group, the CT group showed statistically significant increases (p<0.0001) in the scores of sit and reach flexibility test, wall squat test, chair stand test, and modified push-up test after treatment. However, the control group showed a nonsignificant difference (p>0.05) in all test scores. Conclusion: Adding CT to calcium supplements is a safe and effective method that maintains calcium and improves physical fitness in pregnant women with hypocalcemia, which should be a part of the antenatal exercises program for gravid women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age on the affective responses (attitude, feelings, self-efficacy, intention, enjoyment, and fondness) after a worksite circuit-style resistance exercise routine in career firefighters. Methods: Nineteen young (25.5 ± 3.3 yr) and 19 middle-aged male career firefighters (50.3 ± 3.5 yr) completed 2 d of physical testing at local fire stations. Participants were familiarized with the resistance training exercises (deadlift, shoulder press, lunge, and upright row) at visit 1 and performed amultirepetitionmaximum(RM) assessment to prescribe the appropriate loads for the resistance exercise bout on visit 2. The resistance training session included three sets of 8 to 10 repetitions per exercise at 80% 1-RM. Participants completed a postexercise questionnaire examining affective responses and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE).Mann--Whitney U tests and an independent t-test were used to determine differences between the young andmiddle-aged firefighters' affective responses and RPE, respectively. Results: There were no significant differences between groups for any of the six affective responses ( P = 0.062--0.819) or RPE ( P = 0.142). Conclusions: Age did not influence the perceived effort or affective responses following an acute bout of worksite resistance exercise. Firefighters reported overall positive attitudes, feelings, and fondness paired with high self-efficacy and intention at a training frequency of twice per week. However, confidence, intention, and enjoyment decreased at higher training frequencies (i.e., 3--4x per week). Circuit-style resistance training performed twice per week may be a feasible and practical worksite exercise routine across ages in the fire service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The serious implications of asthma stem largely from inadequate control of the condition, affecting individuals with both regular and irregular physical activities. Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of Continuous Run (CR), Circuit Training (CT), and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) over a 3-month period on reducing, controlling, and improving fitness in individuals with asthma. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental study design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The treatment involved physical exercise programs (CR, CT, and HIIT) conducted at the athletic field of Padang State University from June 2023 to August 2023. A total of 21 participants (16 males and 5 females) were recruited to participate in this research. They were chosen after meeting inclusion criteria--asthma diagnosis, physical inactivity, between 17 and 40 years old, willingness to refrain from other treatments except using an inhaler in case of relapse, and providing informed consent. Participants who willingly signed and completed the study were distributed to treatment groups, receiving the same exercise program with identical dosages and intensities of CR, CT, and HIIT. The exercise program lasted 75 minutes per session, three times a week for 12 weeks. Data were collected using several instruments. First, spirometry was employed to examine lung function (Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second [FEV1]) with a cut-point of 0.75. Meanwhile, asthma symptom control was measured by the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and VO2Max was assessed through a 2.4-kilometer run. The data were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test through the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Results: All participants completed the combined CR, CT, and HIIT exercise program over 12 weeks. Data analysis revealed significant improvement in lung function, with the average FVC score increasing from 61.62 ± 7.37 to 81.90 ± 4.06, representing a 35.52% increase. Furthermore, the pretest and posttest FVC results indicated an increase from 71.09 ± 4.75 to 90.00 ± 4.46, corresponding to a 27.17% reduction in FVC score, suggesting enhanced lung function. ACQ scores demonstrated a decrease from 1.58 ± 0.17 to 1.20 ± 0.13, representing a 23.34% reduction. Inferential statistical tests revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) between pretest and posttest values for FEV1, FVC, ACQ, and VO2Max in each group. Conclusion: The CR, CT, and HIIT exercise program has been verified as effective in improving lung function, asthma control, and VO2Max. This study provides new insights into asthma treatment through CR, CT, and HIIT exercise programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study purpose. This observational study aims to investigate the impact of a Speed Agility Quickness (SAQ) and Circuit training program on the lipid profile of soccer players. The study focuses on analyzing changes in highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentrations after the intervention. Materials and methods. The study involved a total of 30 elite soccer players with the mean (Sd) of age 16.93 (1.20) years; stature 5.66 (0.16) feet; weight 59.93 (5.47) kg. All the players selected for the study were registered players of Poloi Academy, Imphal, Manipur. The participants were divided into two groups, i.e., the SAQ and Circuit groups, and underwent a 12 weeks SAQ and Circuit training program respectively, which was conducted 3 days per weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure HDL, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol levels. The participants' lipid profiles were assessed using standard laboratory techniques. Results. The results of this study demonstrated significant changes in the lipid profiles of the elite soccer players following the SAQ and Circuit training program. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels. Simultaneously, there was a substantial decrease in LDL and VLDL cholesterol concentrations. Conclusions. The increase in HDL cholesterol and reduction in LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels indicate a potential decrease in the risk of cardiovascular diseases and related health issues. Considering the importance of lipid metabolism in athletic performance and overall well-being, this study provides valuable insights for coaches, athletes, and sports professionals in designing targeted training regimens to optimize cardiovascular health among soccer players. However, further research with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups is warranted to validate and generalize these findings across diverse populations and sports disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a circuit training model using audio-visual video media in futsal. The researcher used the R&D method. The subject possessed the characteristics of being male, aged between 20 and 30 years, with a Body Mass Index between 18 and 34, and was a futsal athlete. Before the study began, the researcher explained the research procedure, and the subjects filled out informed consent forms. This technique was used to analyze the data obtained from distributing questionnaires. Questionnaires were given to futsal experts, media experts, and coaching experts. The reliability test was carried out by 12 subjects from the small group test and 24 subjects from the large group test. The results of this development are in the form of videos; in these videos, there are 4 training models consisting of 4 posts each. The 4 posts are arranged in 1 round, with each post consisting of 3 athletes. In this training model, the athletes exercise at each post for 20 seconds; after completing one exercise model, they move to the next post. Exercises are done for 3 sets, with 1-minute recovery between sets. Based on the expert validity test, the evaluation results of futsal experts averaged 85.5%, media experts averaged 82.0%, and coaching experts averaged 83.3%. Furthermore, the results of the reliability test for the small group obtained a percentage of 88%, and for the large group, it was 87.87%. The development of a circuit training model in futsal games can help athletes become more enthusiastic and can also enable them to do additional exercises outside the schedule by using this video product as a training guide, providing athletes with many variations in their exercises.

Background: The field of training, particularly soccer, has been driven to integrate technology into the training process due to growing demands in the digital era. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a circuit training product for grassroots soccer players. This product was presented in the form of interactive media using an articulate storyline. Methods: The research method employed in this study is an adaptation of the research and development method model initially introduced by Lee & Owens in 2004. It comprises the stages of needs analysis and initial to final analysis, design planning, product development, implementation of development results, and evaluation of the achievement of development goals. Results: Moreover, it could be concluded that this articulate storyline-based circuit training product met very excellent criteria and is appropriate for usage by athletes in the training process after it underwent validation by a coaching expert, a soccer expert, small group trials, and field testing. Conclusion: It was intended that this development would serve as a guide for soccer coaches in mentoring athletes, particularly those at grassroot age.

Background: Angiogenesis is a physiological process leading to capillary density enhancement and better blood distribution in skeletal muscles, which triggers in response to physical training. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in physiological factors involved in angiogenesis in response to circuit or traditional resistance training. Methods: Thirty-six healthy sedentary students who were studying at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University of Tehran (age: 22.1±2.3 years; height: 172.7±5.1 cm) volunteered to participate in the study (from October 2021 to February 2022). Following a pre-test to evaluate one repetition maximum (1RM) of selected movements (Leg Press, Leg Curl, Leg Extension, Bench Pull, Seated Row, Biceps Curl), subjects randomly divided into Circuit Resistance training (CRT) (training protocol included 4 circles/3 times a week/8 weeks circuit performance/50-55% 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM), n=12), Traditional resistance training (RT) (training protocol included 8 repetition/3 set/3 time per week/8 weeks of same movements with 75% 1RM followed by 2 minutes break to rest between the sets; n=12) and the control group without any regular training (n=12). We assessed the level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), plasma level of growth hormone (GH), and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (BFGF) to the mentioned training methods. Data were evaluated by utilizing SPSS version 14. Results: Present findings showed that CRT and RT protocols resulted in significant increases in post-test compared to pre-test in VEGF (P=0.00), GH (P=0.04), and BFGF (P=0.00). In addition, the magnitude of changes in VEGF and GH were significantly greater than the magnitude of changes in control group in post-test (P=0.03, and 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between absolute values of GH and VEGF (r=0.74 and r=0.71) following CRT (P=0.01) and RT (P=0.02). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CRT and RT might enhance angiogenesis through an increase in VEGF, bFGF and GH, leading to better blood distribution in muscles.

BackgroundObesity is a significant contributor to breast cancer recurrence and mortality. A central mechanism by which obesity stimulates cancer progression is through chronic, low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Exercise interventions to target chronic inflammation has a potential to improve obesity- and breast cancer-related outcomes; however, no studies have investigated the roles of exercise in modulating adipose tissue inflammation in breast cancer survivors. Also, it is unclear which exercise prescription would be optimal to maximize the outcomes. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial (Taking AIM at Breast Cancer: Targeting Adiposity and Inflammation with Movement to Improve Prognosis in Breast Cancer Survivors [AIM] Trial) to examine the mechanisms by which different modalities of exercise impact chronic inflammation as a biomarker of breast cancer prognosis.MethodsThe AIM trial is a prospective, three-armed, phase II randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a 16-week supervised circuit aerobic and resistance exercise (CARE) program versus a traditional aerobic and resistance exercise (TARE) program and attention control (AC) on adipose tissue inflammation in breast cancer survivors. 276 patients who are diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer, post-treatment, sedentary, and centrally obese are randomized to one of the three groups. The CARE and TARE groups participate in thrice-weekly supervised exercise sessions for 16 weeks. The AC group are offered the CARE program after the intervention period. The primary endpoint is adipose tissue inflammation assessed by core biopsy and blood draw. The secondary and tertiary endpoints are sarcopenic obesity, physical fitness and function, and patient reported outcomes. The exploratory outcomes are long-term breast cancer outcomes.DiscussionThis is the first randomized controlled trial examining the effects of exercise on adipose tissue inflammation in obese, breast cancer survivors. Our findings are anticipated to contribute to a better understanding of exercise modalities and mechanisms on adipose tissue inflammation that can potentially improve breast cancer prognosis.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03091842 identifier [NCT#03091842].

Background and Study Aim. Basketball involves skills that must be applied dynamically, explosively and repeatedly. Players must be able to speed up and slow down with control, especially when dribbling, shooting or bouncing the ball. The purpose of the study was to test a circuit training-based physical condition training model to increase speed, agility, arm power, and leg muscle power for basketball athletes. Materials and Methods. This type of research is an experiment with two groups, namely the experimental group (n = 28) and the control group (n = 28). The samples were male athletes aged 15-18 years. Subjects had participated in competitions and all players were healthy with no history of illness or injury reported in the previous 3 months. The instruments were 20-meter running test speed, agility (Illinois Test with Dribbling the Ball), arm power (MEDBALL), and leg power (Counter Movement Jump Test). The data analysis technique was a t-test. Results. The results of the study can be concluded that the circuit training-based physical condition training model consisting of 6 posts, is effective for increasing speed (0.017 < 0.05), agility (0.000 < 0.05), arm power (0.000 < 0.05), and leg muscle power (0.036 < 0.05) of basketball athletes. We recommend that basketball coaches consider incorporating a circuit training-based physical condition training model in training, as a simple and practical model to improve athletes' physical condition. Conclusions. We recommend that basketball coaches consider including a circuit training-based physical condition training model in training, as a simple and practical model for improving athletes' physical condition. For researchers who intend to continue or replicate this study, it is recommended to conduct tighter control in the entire series of experiments.

This study aimed to determine: (1) the effect of circuit and interval training methods on agility and VO₂max; (2) the difference in the effect of high leg muscle endurance and low leg muscle endurance on agility and VO₂max; (3) the interaction between circuit training, interval training and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on agility and VO₂max. Materials and methods. This research is an experiment with a 2x2 factorial design. In this study, the number of samples used was 20 players selected by purposive sampling. Agility was measured with the Illinois agility test instrument, VO₂max was measured with a multistage fitness test, and leg muscle endurance was measured with a wall sit test. Data analysis used a two-way ANOVA test with a significance level of α < 0.05. Results. The results of this study are as follows: (1) there is no difference in the effect of the circuit and interval training methods on the agility of football players, there are significant differences between the circuit and interval training methods in their effect on the VO₂max of football players; (2) there is a difference between high and low leg muscle endurance for agility and VO₂max, α < 0.05; (3) there is an interaction between the circuit, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on agility, α < 0.05. Conclusions. There is an interaction between circuit training, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on the agility of Porprov soccer players in Pati Regency. Meanwhile, there was no interaction between circuit training, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on the VO₂max of Porprov football players in Pati Regency.

This study aims to find out information about the effect of circuit training on physical condition. This research is a pre-experimental study conducted using a one group pre test-post test design. Experimental research is a way to look for a causal relationship (causal relationship) between two factors that are intentionally caused by researchers by reducing other disturbing factors. The number of samples is 17 people obtained from the total sampling technique. The study was conducted for 6 weeks, with 3 meetings each week. The instrument used to measure physical condition was the VO2Max test (Bleep test). The results of data analysis using the t test showed a significant increase in the ability of physical conditions due to the influence of circuit training exercises with (t-count 18.59 > t-table 1.74). Based on the data analysis, it is known that t-count> t-table, it can be concluded that circuit training exercises affect the ability of physical conditions.

The Problem of this research is that the schools observed have never excelled, especially in discus throwing competitions, both at the district, provincial and national levels. There are still many students whose throwing results are below the discus throwing.The lack of maximum student throwing results is due to the lack of student arm muscle power when throwing. This research is to see the effect of circuit training and training systems in terms of learning motivation on discus throwing results. This study uses an experimental method with a factorial design with a level of 2x2. The population of this study was male students of SMP Negeri 2 Pendalian IV Koto, totaling 74 people and number of samples from all treatment plans was 40 people, based on group division 27% high learning motivation level and 27% low learning motivation level. The learning motivation instrument is measured by angle. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The final results : (1) Overall there is a difference in the effect of circuit training and the discus throwing circuit training method. (2) There is an interaction between circuit training methods and system set training with learning motivation on the discus throwing results(3) There are differences in the results of discus throwing given the circuit training method and set system training at high learning motivation. (4) There are differences in the results of throwing discus given the circuit training method and set system training at low learning motivation.

Background and Study Aim. Balance is very decisive in producing good and correct basic archery techniques, resulting in good archery accuracy. This study aims to determine the effect of circuit training bosu ball on improving balance and accuracy in archery athletes. Material and Methods. This study was an experimental research design that involved 12 archery athletes at Bibis Archery Club Bantul Regency, aged between 14-17 years. The training program consisted of 18 circuit training sessions using a bosu ball. The archery accuracy test was used to assess the athletes' accuracy in sticking arrows to a target located 30 meters away. The balance test was conducted using the Stork Stand Test, which involved standing on one leg, on the dominant leg, for as long as possible. The statistical analysis used was a t-test, specifically paired sample test. Results. The pretest balance and archery accuracy scores of the 12 archery athletes at Bibis Archery Club Bantul Regency were recorded. The pretest balance score averaged 44.12 seconds, and the pretest archery accuracy score was 216.50. After 18 circuit training sessions with bosu ball, the posttest balance score increased to an average of 51.44 seconds, and the posttest archery accuracy score increased to an average of 282.83. Statistical analysis revealed that the improvement in balance and archery accuracy was significant, with a p-value of 0.000

The study was undertaken to determine the sequel of two training methods, i.e., Weight and Circuit training on specified physical components for Sprinters of Hyderabad. Forty-five inter-collegiate Male Sprinters aged 18 to 22 years were taken as subjects and divided into weight training group-G-I (n=15), circuit training group - GII (n=15), and control group G-III (n=15). Both experimental Groups were given specific training, and G-III, which represented control, was not given any workout apart from their normal activities. The training protocol was for 12 weeks, 3 days per week for twelve weeks, and 50 minutes/session. The picked-up Physical components were abdominal force, alacrity, and explosive power. Sit-up, speed run of 50 M, and Standing Broad Jump were the trails used for the start and end of the program. The results of the study indicated an F ratio of 3.935, 3.034, and 6.766 for sit-ups, standing, broad jump, and 50 dash, respectively, which were significant at a 0.05 confidence level. It was deduced that there was a noteworthy difference in performance in the circuit training and weight training groups when compared with the control group in all physical variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is periodised circuit training delivered via a telerehabilitation model of care as effective as the same training applied face-to-face for improving pain intensity, physical function, muscle strength, pain catastrophising, body composition, intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle architecture in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA)? Randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors and intention-to-treat analysis. One hundred adults aged ≥ 40 years with knee OA and pain for ≥ 3 months, with current pain ≥ 40 mm on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). The experimental group received 14 weeks of circuit training delivered via telerehabilitation using video recordings, followed by periodic phone calls in order to motivate and instruct participants. The control group received the same circuit training program in a face-to-face format. The primary outcomes were pain VAS and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function subscale, measured at 14 weeks. Secondary outcomes included objective physical function, strength, pain catastrophising and morphological measures (muscle architecture and thigh and body composition). Outcomes were measured at 14 and 26 weeks. Periodised circuit training delivered via telerehabilitation had equivalent effects to face-to-face delivery for pain intensity, physical function, muscle strength, pain catastrophising, thigh composition, intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle architecture. Whole body composition did not change appreciably in either group. Adherence to the training was excellent and participants in each group reported good perceptions of their randomised intervention. A periodised circuit training protocol can be delivered to people with knee OA in their own homes, using available technology while maintaining high levels of acceptability. More importantly, telerehabilitation appears to cause non-inferior physical and functional outcomes to face-to-face rehabilitation programs. RBR-662hn2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Angiogenesis is a physiological process leading to capillary density enhancement and better blood distribution in skeletal muscles, which triggers in response to physical training. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in physiological factors involved in angiogenesis in response to circuit or traditional resistance training. Methods: Thirty-six healthy sedentary students who were studying at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University of Tehran (age: 22.1±2.3 years; height: 172.7±5.1 cm) volunteered to participate in the study (from October 2021 to February 2022). Following a pre-test to evaluate one repetition maximum (1RM) of selected movements (Leg Press, Leg Curl, Leg Extension, Bench Pull, Seated Row, Biceps Curl), subjects randomly divided into Circuit Resistance training (CRT) (training protocol included 4 circles/3 times a week/8 weeks circuit performance/50-55% 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM), n=12), Traditional resistance training (RT) (training protocol included 8 repetition/3 set/3 time per week/8 weeks of same movements with 75% 1RM followed by 2 minutes break to rest between the sets; n=12) and the control group without any regular training (n=12). We assessed the level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), plasma level of growth hormone (GH), and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (BFGF) to the mentioned training methods. Data were evaluated by utilizing SPSS version 14. Results: Present findings showed that CRT and RT protocols resulted in significant increases in post-test compared to pre-test in VEGF (P=0.00), GH (P=0.04), and BFGF (P=0.00). In addition, the magnitude of changes in VEGF and GH were significantly greater than the magnitude of changes in control group in post-test (P=0.03, and 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between absolute values of GH and VEGF (r=0.74 and r=0.71) following CRT (P=0.01) and RT (P=0.02). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CRT and RT might enhance angiogenesis through an increase in VEGF, bFGF and GH, leading to better blood distribution in muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speed is needed in the sport of 100 meter short distance running. The goal of this study is to determine how the circuit training technique affects the 100-meter short-distance running outcomes of male students who participate in sports extracurricular activities at MAN 1 Ogan Ilir. This study employed a quantitative experimental methodology and a pretest-posttest group design. Thirty students from MAN 1 Ogan Ilir who were active in extracurricular and sports activities took part in the study. The tool is a 100-meter running test for short distances. A circuit training approach was adopted as the therapy in this study. following a six-week training period. This is shown by the fact that the paired sample t-test and SPSS version 26 findingsof the hypothesis testing produced a significance value of 0.00 with a value () of 0.05. As a consequence, the results are significant at 0.00 and 0.05, leading to the decision that Ho is dropped and Ha is accepted. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that high-intensity training has an impact on the results of the 100-meter sprint for male understudies participating in sports extracurricular activities at MAN 1 Ogan Ilir.

BACKGROUND: Firefighters typically undergo a 16–24-week training academy during which they perform a variety of traditional exercise programs such as cardiovascular, resistance, and concurrent training. Because of limited facility access, some fire departments seek alternative exercise programs, such as multimodal high-intensity interval training (MM-HIIT), which essentially combines resistance and interval training. OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the effect of MM-HIIT on body composition and physical fitness in firefighter recruits who completed a training academy during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. A secondary purpose was to compare the effects of MM-HIIT to previous training academies that implemented traditional exercise programs. METHODS: Healthy and recreationally-trained recruits (n = 12) participated in 2-3 days/week of MM-HIIT for 12 weeks and had several components of body composition and physical fitness measured before and after the program. Because of COVID-19-related gym closures, all MM-HIIT sessions were performed outdoors at a fire station with minimal equipment. These data were retroactively compared to a control group (CG) that previously completed training academies with traditional exercise programs. RESULTS: Subjects in the MM-HIIT group significantly improved several components of body composition and fitness, including fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, aerobic capacity, and muscular endurance. Moreover, there were no significant differences for any dependent variable when MM-HIIT was compared to the CG. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MM-HIIT may serve as an effective substitute for traditional concurrent training paradigms that are typically used for firefighter academies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine: (1) the effect of circuit and interval training methods on agility and VO2max; (2) the difference in the effect of high leg muscle endurance and low leg muscle endurance on agility and VO2max; (3) the interaction between circuit training, interval training and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on agility and VO2max. Materials and methods. This research is an experiment with a 2×2 factorial design. In this study, the number of samples used was 20 players selected by purposive sampling. Agility was measured with the Illinois agility test instrument, VO2max was measured with a multistage fitness test, and leg muscle endurance was measured with a wall sit test. Data analysis used a two-way ANOVA test with a significance level of α < 0.05. Results. The results of this study are as follows: (1) there is no difference in the effect of the circuit and interval training methods on the agility of football players, there are significant differences between the circuit and interval training methods in their effect on the VO2max of football players; (2) there is a difference between high and low leg muscle endurance for agility and VO2max, α < 0.05; (3) there is an interaction between the circuit, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on agility, α < 0.05. Conclusions. There is an interaction between circuit training, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on the agility of Porprov soccer players in Pati Regency. Meanwhile, there was no interaction between circuit training, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on the VO2max of Porprov football players in Pati Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of an original fitness model, based on circuit training on the level of physical quality muscle strength of female students of Trakia University. The testing was conducted in the academic year 2016/2017. A contingent of the study were 69 female students of secondary age 20,04 years from the first and second year of three faculties of Trakia University - Economics, Agricultural, and Veterinary Medicine. They were divided into two groups. In an experimental group of 36 female students circuit training twice a week for 30 weeks had been conducted. A control group of 33 female students, were trained according to an approved curriculum for the discipline "Physical Sports and Education". To achieve the objective, we used the following methods: testing, pedagogical experiments, analysis of variance, comparative analysis, and graphical analysis. Their results and analysis showed that the experiment was successful and the developed fitness program is effective. The author's fitness model based on circuit workouts improved the muscular strength of female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative mood states experienced during the withdrawal stage of substance dependence have been associated with relapse in persons suffering from substance use disorder (SUD). Exercise is gaining attention as an adjunct therapy for SUD due to its ability to alleviate negative mood states experienced during withdrawal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute, controlled bouts of aerobic and resistance exercise versus sedentary control (quiet reading) on positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in females undergoing SUD treatment at inpatient facilities. Females (n=11; 34 + 8 yrs) were randomly assigned to each condition in counterbalanced fashion. Aerobic exercise (AE) consisted of 20 minutes of steady-state moderate intensity (40-60% HRR) treadmill walking. Resistance exercise (RE) consisted of 20 minutes of standardized circuit weight training (1:1 work to rest ratio). The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to assess PA and NA pre- and post-interventions. Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated AE and RE significantly increased PA (p < 0.05) versus control, with no significant difference between AE and RE. Friedman's test revealed AE and RE significantly reduced NA (p < 0.05) versus control. Results indicate short bouts of aerobic and resistance exercise are equally effective for acute mood regulation and superior to a sedentary control in females undergoing inpatient SUD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to create an efficient circuit training model for 7-year-old kids. Research and development from borg and gall are the research methods used. There are 24 variations as a result of this research and development. Four training posts were developed by researchers, each of which tries to train one or two aspects of physical fitness. Strength, Endurance, Muscular Power, Speed, Flexibility, Agility, Coordination, and Balance are the 10 elements of physical fitness. Following a review of the literature on the characteristics of children aged 7 years, the researchers only created 4 posts, each of which may train one to two physical fitness components. On elementary school pupils in grade 1, this circuit training model's development and research were tested. The test results can be correctly implemented. Following the phases of study and development, it has been determined that this model can be used in schools.

Core exercises have been widely promoted in the last 25 years. However, the scientific debate about its efficacy for improving individual and team sports performance is still open. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effects of circuit training with a core exercise program on physical performance in competitive amateur soccer players. The training was conducted during the off-season period, two times per week for 8 weeks. Pre- and post-evaluations were conducted using the following tests: Y-Balance Test (YB), standing long jump (SLJ), medicine ball chest press (MBC), curl-up (CU), and Illinois Agility Test (IAT). A total of 19 adults were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 11, age 22 years, weight 71.2 ± 4.8 kg, height 174 ± 5.8 cm) and a control group (CG, n = 8, age 22 years, weight 73.2 ± 4.1 Kg, height 176 ± 6.3 cm). The EG showed significant improvements in lower and upper body strength, core endurance and balance, whereas the CG did not report significant changes in the pre- and post-test comparison. Despite study limitations, our positive results show that circuit training with core exercises appears to be a good strategy for performance improvement in adult soccer players.

BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes activity-dependent neuroplasticity and is released following aerobic-exercise. OBJECTIVE: Feasibility and efficacy of 1.Moderate-Intensity Cycle-Ergometer-Training (MI-ET) and 2.Low-Intensity Circuit-Training (LI-CT) on BDNF-serum-concentration in chronic-stroke and consequently efficacy of motor-learning in varying BDNF-concentrations (neuroplasticity being the substrate for motor-learning) via upper-limb robotic-training (RT) in both groups. METHODS: Randomised-control feasibility-study. 12-week, 3x/week intervention, 17 chronic-stroke-survivors randomized into: (1) MI-ET&RT or (2) LI-CT&RT. Both groups completed 40 mins MI-ET or LI-CT followed by 40 mins RT. Feasibility outcomes: (1) screening and enrollment-rates, (2) retention-rates, (3) adherence: (i) attendance-rates, (ii) training-duration, (4) adverse events. Primary clinical outcomes: 1. serum-BDNF changes pre-post training (immediate) and pre-training basal-levels over 12-weeks (long-term). 2.upper-limb performance with Action-Research-Arm-Test (ARAT). Additionally, feasibility of an embedded health economic evaluation (HEE) to evaluate health-costs and cost-effectiveness. Outcomes: cost-questionnaire return-rates, cost-of-illness (COI) and Health-Utitility-Index (HUI). RESULTS: 21.5% of eligible and contactable enrolled. 10 randomized to MI-ET and 7 to LI-CT. 85% of training-sessions were completed in MI-ET (306/360) and 76.3% in LI-CT-group (165/216). 12-weeks: Drop-outs MI-ET-10%, LI-CT-43%. Clinical outcomes: No significant changes in immediate or long-term serum-BDNF in either group. Moderate-intensity aerobic-training did not increase serum-BDNF post-stroke. Individual but no group clinically-relevant changes in ARAT-scores. HEE outcomes at 12-weeks: 100% cost-questionnaires returned. Group-costs baseline and after treatment, consistently favouring MI-ET group. COI: (1-year-time-frame): MI-ET 67382 SD (43107) Swiss-Francs and LI-CT 95701(29473) Swiss-Francs. CONCLUSION: The study is feasible with modifications. Future studies should compare high-intensity versus moderate-intensity aerobic-exercise combined with higher dosage arm-training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the potential role of circuit training and ladder training in developing anaerobic power and explosive performance of school students. Design: The students were divided randomly into 3 groups' circuit training (CT; n = 15), ladder training (LT; n = 15) and control group (CG; n = 15). Setting: The three groups did not significantly (p > 0.05) after randomisation in the dependent variable. The data obtained from the subjects are analysed statistically by applying analysis covariance (ANACOVA) at a 0.05 level of significance. Participants: Forty-five boys students were selected age: 15.6 ± 1.2 years; body height: 175.4 ± 5.8 cm; body mass: 71.6 ± 6.2 kg; BMI: 23.1 ± 2.3). Main Outcome Measures: Sprint performance was assessed using a sprint over 50 m and explosive power was assessed by using a standing broad jump. Results: The study's findings indicated that 12 weeks of ladder training increased speed performance by 5.3% and that circuit training increased explosive power by 8.2%. Conclusions: The circuit training method and the ladder training method are two ways that can improve explosive power and speed. But the ultimate result differs dramatically in both ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]