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1. CUBES, the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph: towards final design review

Author

Genoni, Matteo, Dekker, Hans, Covino, Stefano, Cirami, Roberto, Scalera, Marcello Agostino, Bissel, Lawrence, Seifert, Walter, Calcines, Ariadna, Avila, Gerardo, Stuermer, Julian, Ritz, Christopher, Lunney, David, Miller, Chris, Watson, Stephen, Waring, Chris, Castilho, Bruno Vaz, De Arruda, Marcio, Verducci, Orlando, Coretti, Igor, Oggioni, Luca, Pariani, Giorgio, Redaelli, Edoardo Alberto Maria, D'Ambrogio, Matteo, Calderone, Giorgio, Porru, Matteo, Stilz, Ingo, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Cupani, Guido, Franchini, Mariagrazia, Scaudo, Andrea, Geers, Vincent, De Caprio, Vincenzo, Auria, Domenico D', Sibalic, Mina, Opitom, Cyrielle, Cescutti, Gabriele, Odorico, Valentina D', Janssen, Ruben Sanchez, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Barbuy, Beatriz, Cristiani, Stefano, and Di Marcantonio, Paolo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

In the era of Extremely Large Telescopes, the current generation of 8-10m facilities are likely to remain competitive at ground-UV wavelengths for the foreseeable future. The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) has been designed to provide high instrumental efficiency ( $>$ 37\%) observations in the near UV (305-400 nm requirement, 300-420 nm goal) at a spectral resolving power of R $>$ 20, 000 (with a lower-resolution, sky-limited mode of R $\sim$ 7, 000). With the design focusing on maximizing the instrument throughput (ensuring a Signal to Noise Ratio -SNR- $\sim$ 20 per spectral resolution element at 313 nm for U $\sim$ 17.5 mag objects in 1h of observations), it will offer new possibilities in many fields of astrophysics: i) access to key lines of stellar spectra (e.g. lighter elements, in particular Beryllium), extragalactic studies (e.g. circumgalactic medium of distant galaxies, cosmic UV background) and follow-up of explosive transients. We present the CUBES instrument design, currently in Phase-C and approaching the final design review, summarizing the hardware architecture and interfaces between the different subsystems as well as the relevant technical requirements. We describe the optical, mechanical, electrical design of the different subsystems (from the telescope adapter and support structure, through the main opto-mechanical path, including calibration unit, detector devices and cryostat control, main control electronics), detailing peculiar instrument functions like the Active Flexure Compensation (AFC). Furthermore, we outline the AITV concept and the main instrument operations giving an overview of its software ecosystem. Installation at the VLT is planned for 2028-2029 and first science operations in late 2029.

Published
2024
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2. CUBES and its software ecosystem: instrument simulation, control, and data processing

Author

Calderone, Giorgio, Cirami, Roberto, Cupani, Guido, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Franchini, Mariagrazia, Genoni, Matteo, Kaluszyński, Mikolaj, Landoni, Marco, Rothmaier, Florian, Scaudo, Andrea, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Stilz, Ingo, Stürmer, Julian, and Verducci, Orlando

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

CUBES (Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph) is the recently approved high-efficiency VLT spectrograph aimed to observe the sky in the UV ground-based region (305-400 nm) with a high-resolution mode (~20K) and a low-resolution mode (~5K). In this paper we will briefly describe the requirements and the design of the several software packages involved in the project, namely the instrument control software, the exposure time calculator, the end-to-end simulator, and the data reduction software suite. We will discuss how the above mentioned blocks cooperate to build up a "software ecosystem" for the CUBES instrument, and to support the users from the proposal preparation to the science-grade data products., Comment: SPIE proceedings, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2022, Montr\'eal, Canada

Published
2022

3. The CUBES Instrument Model and Simulation Tools. Their role in the project Phase A study

Author

Genoni, Matteo, Landoni, Marco, Cupani, Guido, Franchini, Mariagrazia, Cirami, Roberto, Zanutta, Alessio, Evans, Chris, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Cristiani, Stefano, Trost, Andrea, and Zorba, Sonia

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the simulation tools developed to aid the design phase of the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) for the Very Large Telescope (VLT), exploring aspects of the system design and evaluating the performance for different design configurations. CUBES aims to be the 'ultimate' ultraviolet (UV) instrument at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in terms of throughput, with the goal to cover the bluest part of the spectrum accessible from the ground (300 nm to 400 nm) with the highest possible efficiency. Here we introduce the End-to-End (E2E) and the Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) tools. The E2E simulator has been developed with different versions to meet the needs of different users, including a version that can be accessed for use by the broader scientific community using a Jupyter notebook. The E2E tool was used by the system team to help define the Phase A baseline design of the instrument, as well as in scientific evaluation of a possible low-resolution mode. The ETC is a web-based tool through which the science community are able to test a range of science cases for CUBES, demonstrating its potential to push the limiting magnitude for the detection of specific UV-features, such as abundance estimates of beryllium in main sequence stars., Comment: Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2022

4. CUBES Phase A design overview -- The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph for the Very Large Telescope

Author

Zanutta, Alessio, Cristiani, Stefano, Atkinson, David, Baldini, Veronica, Balestra, Andrea, Barbuy, Beatriz, Macanhan, Vanessa Bawden P., Calcines, Ariadna, Calderone, Giorgio, Case, Scott, Castilho, Bruno V., Cescutti, Gabriele, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Covino, Stefano, Cupani, Guido, De Caprio, Vincenzo, Dekker, Hans, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, D'Odorico, Valentina, Ernandes, Heitor, Evans, Chris, Feger, Tobias, Feiz, Carmen, Franchini, Mariagrazia, Genoni, Matteo, Gneiding, Clemens D., Kaluszynski, Mikolaj, Landoni, Marco, Lawrence, Jon, Lunney, David, Miller, Chris, Molaverdikhani, Karan, Opitom, Cyrielle, Pariani, Giorgio, Piranomonte, Silvia, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Redaelli, Edoardo Maria Alberto, Riva, Marco, Robertson, David, Rossi, Silvia, Rothmaier, Florian, Seifert, Walter, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Sturmer, Julian, Stilz, Ingo, Trost, Andrea, Verducci, Orlando, Waring, Chris, Watson, Stephen, Wells, Martyn, Xu, Wenli, Zafar, Tayyaba, and Zorba, Sonia

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the baseline conceptual design of the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) for the Very Large Telescope. CUBES will provide unprecedented sensitivity for spectroscopy on a 8 - 10 m class telescope in the ground ultraviolet (UV), spanning a bandwidth of > 100 nm that starts at 300 nm, the shortest wavelength accessible from the ground. The design has been optimized for end-to-end efficiency and provides a spectral resolving power of R > 20000, that will unlock a broad range of new topics across solar system, Galactic and extraglactic astronomy. The design also features a second, lower-resolution (R \sim 7000) mode and has the option of a fiberlink to the UVES instrument for simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths. Here we present the optical, mechanical and software design of the various subsystems of the instrument after the Phase A study of the project. We discuss the expected performances for the layout choices and highlight some of the performance trade-offs considered to best meet the instrument top-level requirements. We also introduce the model-based system engineering approach used to organize and manage the project activities and interfaces, in the context that it is increasingly necessary to integrate such tools in the development of complex astronomical projects., Comment: Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2022
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5. Fundamental physics with Espresso: Towards an accurate wavelength calibration for a precision test of the fine-structure constant

Author

Schmidt, Tobias M., Molaro, Paolo, Murphy, Michael T., Lovis, Christophe, Cupani, Guido, Cristiani, Stefano, Pepe, Francesco A., Rebolo, Rafael, Santos, Nuno C., Abreu, Manuel, Adibekyan, Vardan, Alibert, Yann, Aliverti, Matteo, Allart, Romain, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alves, David, Baldini, Veronica, Broeg, Christopher, Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Giorgio, Cirami, Roberto, Coelho, João, Coretti, Igor, D'Odorico, Valentina, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Ehrenreich, David, Figueira, Pedro, Genoni, Matteo, Santos, Ricardo Génova, Hernández, Jonay I. González, Kerber, Florian, Landoni, Marco, Leite, Ana C. O., Lizon, Jean-Louis, Curto, Gaspare Lo, Manescau, Antonio, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Megévand, Denis, Mehner, Andrea, Micela, Giuseppina, Modigliani, Andrea, Monteiro, Manuel, Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G., Mueller, Eric, Nunes, Nelson J., Oggioni, Luca, Oliveira, António, Pariani, Giorgio, Pasquini, Luca, Redaelli, Edoardo, Riva, Marco, Santos, Pedro, Sosnowska, Danuta, Sousa, Sérgio G., Sozzetti, Alessandro, Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez, Udry, Stéphane, Osorio, Maria-Rosa Zapatero, and Zerbi, Filippo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Observations of metal absorption systems in the spectra of distant quasars allow to constrain a possible variation of the fine-structure constant throughout the history of the Universe. Such a test poses utmost demands on the wavelength accuracy and previous studies were limited by systematics in the spectrograph wavelength calibration. A substantial advance in the field is therefore expected from the new ultra-stable high-resolution spectrograph Espresso, recently installed at the VLT. In preparation of the fundamental physics related part of the Espresso GTO program, we present a thorough assessment of the Espresso wavelength accuracy and identify possible systematics at each of the different steps involved in the wavelength calibration process. Most importantly, we compare the default wavelength solution, based on the combination of Thorium-Argon arc lamp spectra and a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer, to the fully independent calibration obtained from a laser frequency comb. We find wavelength-dependent discrepancies of up to 24m/s. This substantially exceeds the photon noise and highlights the presence of different sources of systematics, which we characterize in detail as part of this study. Nevertheless, our study demonstrates the outstanding accuracy of Espresso with respect to previously used spectrographs and we show that constraints of a relative change of the fine-structure constant at the $10^{-6}$ level can be obtained with Espresso without being limited by wavelength calibration systematics., Comment: 27 pages, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2020
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6. HIRES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT

Author

Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Manuel, Adibekyan, Vardan, Aliverti, Matteo, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Amado, Pedro J., Amate, Manuel, Artigau, Etienne, Augusto, Sergio R., Barros, Susana, Becerril, Santiago, Benneke, Bjorn, Bergin, Edwin, Berio, Philippe, Bezawada, Naidu, Boisse, Isabelle, Bonfils, Xavier, Bouchy, Francois, Broeg, Christopher, Cabral, Alexandre, Calvo-Ortega, Rocio, Martins, Bruno Leonardo Canto, Chazelas, Bruno, Chiavassa, Andrea, Christensen, Lise B., Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Cristiani, Stefano, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Cupani, Guido, Leao, Izan de Castro, de Medeiros, Jose Renan, de Souza, Marco Antonio Furlan, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Di Varano, Igor, D'Odorico, Valentina, Doyon, Rene, Drass, Holger, Figueira, Pedro, Fragoso, Ana Belen, Fynbo, Johan Peter Uldall, Gallo, Elena, Genoni, Matteo, Hernandez, Jonay I. Gonzalez, Haehnelt, Martin, Larrondo, Julie Hlavacek, Hughes, Ian, Huke, Philipp, Humphrey, Andrew, Kjeldsen, Hans, Korn, Andreas, Kouach, Driss, Landoni, Marco, Liske, Jochen, Lovis, Christophe, Lunney, David, Maiolino, Roberto, Malo, Lison, Marquart, Thomas, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Mason, Elena, Monnier, John, Monteiro, Manuel A., Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Tim, Murray, Graham J., Niedzielski, Andrzej, Nunes, Nelson, Oliva, Ernesto, Origlia, Livia, Palle, Enric, Pariani, Giorgio, Parr-Burman, Phil, Penate, Jose, Pepe, Francesco, Pinna, Enrico, Piskunov, Nikolai, Rasilla, Jose Luis, Rees, Phil, Rebolo, Rafael, Reiners, Ansgar, Riva, Marco, Rousseau, Sylvain, Sanna, Nicoletta, Santos, Nuno C., Sarajlic, Mirsad, Shen, Tzu-Chiang, Sortino, Francesca, Sosnowska, Danuta, Sousa, Sergio, Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, Klaus G., Tenegi, Fabio, Tozzi, Andrea, Udry, Stephane, Valenziano, Luca, Vanzi, Leonardo, Weber, Michael, Woche, Manfred, Xompero, Marco, Zackrisson, Erik, and Osorio, Maria Rosa Zapatero

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

HIRES will be the high-resolution spectrograph of the European Extremely Large Telescope at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. It consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs providing a wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mic (goal 0.35-1.8 mic) at a spectral resolution of ~100,000. The fibre-feeding allows HIRES to have several, interchangeable observing modes including a SCAO module and a small diffraction-limited IFU in the NIR. Therefore, it will be able to operate both in seeing and diffraction-limited modes. ELT-HIRES has a wide range of science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Some of the top science cases will be the detection of bio signatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars (PopIII), tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The HIRES consortium is composed of more than 30 institutes from 14 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers., Comment: to appear in the ESO Messenger No.182, December 2020

Published
2020
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7. Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet

Author

Ehrenreich, David, Lovis, Christophe, Allart, Romain, Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero, Pepe, Francesco, Cristiani, Stefano, Rebolo, Rafael, Santos, Nuno C., Borsa, Francesco, Demangeon, Olivier, Dumusque, Xavier, Hernández, Jonay I. González, Casasayas-Barris, Núria, Ségransan, Damien, Sousa, Sérgio, Abreu, Manuel, Adibekyan, Vardan, Affolter, Michael, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Alibert, Yann, Aliverti, Matteo, Alves, David, Amate, Manuel, Avila, Gerardo, Baldini, Veronica, Bandy, Timothy, Benz, Willy, Bianco, Andrea, Bolmont, Émeline, Bouchy, François, Bourrier, Vincent, Broeg, Christopher, Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Giorgio, Pallé, Enric, Cegla, H. M., Cirami, Roberto, Coelho, João M. P., Conconi, Paolo, Coretti, Igor, Cumani, Claudio, Cupani, Guido, Dekker, Hans, Delabre, Bernard, Deiries, Sebastian, D'Odorico, Valentina, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Figueira, Pedro, Fragoso, Ana, Genolet, Ludovic, Genoni, Matteo, Santos, Ricardo Génova, Hara, Nathan, Hughes, Ian, Iwert, Olaf, Kerber, Florian, Knudstrup, Jens, Landoni, Marco, Lavie, Baptiste, Lizon, Jean-Louis, Lendl, Monika, Curto, Gaspare Lo, Maire, Charles, Manescau, Antonio, Martins, C. J. A. P., Mégevand, Denis, Mehner, Andrea, Micela, Giusi, Modigliani, Andrea, Molaro, Paolo, Monteiro, Manuel, Monteiro, Mario, Moschetti, Manuele, Müller, Eric, Nunes, Nelson, Oggioni, Luca, Oliveira, António, Pariani, Giorgio, Pasquini, Luca, Poretti, Ennio, Rasilla, José Luis, Redaelli, Edoardo, Riva, Marco, Tschudi, Samuel Santana, Santin, Paolo, Santos, Pedro, Milla, Alex Segovia, Seidel, Julia V., Sosnowska, Danuta, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Spanò, Paolo, Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez, Tabernero, Hugo, Tenegi, Fabio, Udry, Stéphane, Zanutta, Alessio, and Zerbi, Filippo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Ultra-hot giant exoplanets receive thousands of times Earth's insolation. Their high-temperature atmospheres (>2,000 K) are ideal laboratories for studying extreme planetary climates and chemistry. Daysides are predicted to be cloud-free, dominated by atomic species and substantially hotter than nightsides. Atoms are expected to recombine into molecules over the nightside, resulting in different day-night chemistry. While metallic elements and a large temperature contrast have been observed, no chemical gradient has been measured across the surface of such an exoplanet. Different atmospheric chemistry between the day-to-night ("evening") and night-to-day ("morning") terminators could, however, be revealed as an asymmetric absorption signature during transit. Here, we report the detection of an asymmetric atmospheric signature in the ultra-hot exoplanet WASP-76b. We spectrally and temporally resolve this signature thanks to the combination of high-dispersion spectroscopy with a large photon-collecting area. The absorption signal, attributed to neutral iron, is blueshifted by -11+/-0.7 km s-1 on the trailing limb, which can be explained by a combination of planetary rotation and wind blowing from the hot dayside. In contrast, no signal arises from the nightside close to the morning terminator, showing that atomic iron is not absorbing starlight there. Iron must thus condense during its journey across the nightside., Comment: Published in Nature (Accepted on 24 January 2020.) 33 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables

Published
2020
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9. DAS: a data management system for instrument tests and operations

Author

Frailis, Marco, Sartor, Stefano, Zacchei, Andrea, Lodi, Marcello, Cirami, Roberto, Pasian, Fabio, Trifoglio, Massimo, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Gianotti, Fulvio, Franceschi, Enrico, Nicastro, Luciano, Conforti, Vito, Zoli, Andrea, Smart, Ricky, Morbidelli, Roberto, and Dadina, Mauro

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

The Data Access System (DAS) is a metadata and data management software system, providing a reusable solution for the storage of data acquired both from telescopes and auxiliary data sources during the instrument development phases and operations. It is part of the Customizable Instrument WorkStation system (CIWS-FW), a framework for the storage, processing and quick-look at the data acquired from scientific instruments. The DAS provides a data access layer mainly targeted to software applications: quick-look displays, pre-processing pipelines and scientific workflows. It is logically organized in three main components: an intuitive and compact Data Definition Language (DAS DDL) in XML format, aimed for user-defined data types; an Application Programming Interface (DAS API), automatically adding classes and methods supporting the DDL data types, and providing an object-oriented query language; a data management component, which maps the metadata of the DDL data types in a relational Data Base Management System (DBMS), and stores the data in a shared (network) file system. With the DAS DDL, developers define the data model for a particular project, specifying for each data type the metadata attributes, the data format and layout (if applicable), and named references to related or aggregated data types. Together with the DDL user-defined data types, the DAS API acts as the only interface to store, query and retrieve the metadata and data in the DAS system, providing both an abstract interface and a data model specific one in C, C++ and Python. The mapping of metadata in the back-end database is automatic and supports several relational DBMSs, including MySQL, Oracle and PostgreSQL., Comment: Accepted for pubblication on ADASS Conference Series

Published
2014

10. CIWS-FW: a Customizable InstrumentWorkstation Software Framework for instrument-independent data handling

Author

Conforti, Vito, Trifoglio, Massimo, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Gianotti, Fulvio, Franceschi, Enrico, Nicastro, Luciano, Zoli, Andrea, Dadina, Mauro, Smart, Ricky, Morbidelli, Roberto, Frailis, Marco, Sartor, Stefano, Zacchei, Andrea, Lodi, Marcello, Cirami, Roberto, and Pasian, Fabio

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The CIWS-FW is aimed at providing a common and standard solution for the storage, processing and quick look at the data acquired from scientific instruments for astrophysics. The target system is the instrument workstation either in the context of the Electrical Ground Support Equipment for space-borne experiments, or in the context of the data acquisition system for instrumentation. The CIWS-FW core includes software developed by team members for previous experiments and provides new components and tools that improve the software reusability, configurability and extensibility attributes. The CIWS-FW mainly consists of two packages: the data processing system and the data access system. The former provides the software components and libraries to support the data acquisition, transformation, display and storage in near real time of either a data packet stream and/or a sequence of data files generated by the instrument. The latter is a meta-data and data management system, providing a reusable solution for the archiving and retrieval of the acquired data. A built-in operator GUI allows to control and configure the IW. In addition, the framework provides mechanisms for system error and logging handling. A web portal provides the access to the CIWS-FW documentation, software repository and bug tracking tools for CIWS-FW developers. We will describe the CIWS-FW architecture and summarize the project status., Comment: Accepted for pubblication on ADASS Conference Series

Published
2014

11. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT:science goals, project overview, and future developments

Author

Vernet, Joël R., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Artur R., Adibekyan, Vardan, Alberti, Valentina, Albrecht, Simon, Alcaniz, Jailson, Aliverti, Matteo, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alvarado-gomez, Julian, Alves, Catarina, Amado, Pedro J., Amate, Manuel, Andersen, Michael, Antoniucci, Simone, Artigau, E., Bailet, Christophe, Baker, Clark E., Baldini, Veronica, Balestra, Andrea, Barnes, S.a., Baron, Frédérique, Barros, Susana, Bauer, Svend-marian, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bellido-tirado, Olga, Benneke, Björn, Bensby, Thomas, Bergin, Edwin, Berio, P., Biazzo, Katia, Bigot, Laurent, Bik, Arjan, Birkby, Jayne L., Blind, Nicolas, Boebion, Olivier, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, Marco, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonhomme, Lea, Borsa, Francesco, Bouret, Jean-claude, Brandeker, Alexis, Brandner, Wolfgang, Broeg, Christopher H., Brogi, Matteo, Brousseau, Denis, Brucalassi, Anna, Brynnel, Joar G., Buchhave, Lars A., Buscher, David F., Cabona, Lorenzo, Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Giorgio, Calvo-ortega, Rocío, Cantalloube, Faustine, Canto Martins, Bruno L., Carbonaro, Luca, Caujolle, Yan, Chauvin, Gaël, Chazelas, Bruno, Cheffot, Anne-laure L., Cheng, Yuk Shan, Chiavassa, Andrea, Christensen, Lise B., Cirami, Roberto, Cirasuolo, Michele, Cook, Neil J., Cooke, Ryan, Coretti, Igor, Covino, Stefano, Cowan, Nicolas B., Cresci, Giovanni, Cristiani, Stefano, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Cupani, Guido, D'odorico, Valentina, Dadi, Kamalesh, De Castro Leão, Izan C., De Cia, Annalisa, De Medeiros, Jose R., Debras, Florian, Debus, Michael, Delorme, Alain, Demangeon, Olivier, Derie, Frederic, Dessauges-zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Di Stefano, Simona, Dionies, Frank, Domiciano De Souza, Armando, Doyon, René, Dunn, Jennifer S., Egner, Sébastien E., Ehrenreich, David, Faria, Joao P., Ferruzzi, Debora, Feruglio, Chiara, Fisher, Martin, Fontana, Adriano, Frank, B S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, Thierry, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., González-hernández, J. I., Gouvret, C., Gracia Témich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, Philipp, Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., Macintosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M. J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, J. H. C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., Mccracken, R. A., Melo E Sousa, M. A. F., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Ouellette, N. N.-q., Pallé, Enric, Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Peñate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Perreault Levasseur, L., Perruchot, Sandrine, Petit, P., Pfuhl, Oliver, Pino, L., Piqueras, Javier, Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, Emily, Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-lópez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz-forcada, Jorge, Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-f., Savio, D., Scaudo, A., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R. Y., Strassmeier, Klaus G., Suárez Mascareño, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Véran, J.-p., Vallée, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbé, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Vernet, Joël R., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Artur R., Adibekyan, Vardan, Alberti, Valentina, Albrecht, Simon, Alcaniz, Jailson, Aliverti, Matteo, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alvarado-gomez, Julian, Alves, Catarina, Amado, Pedro J., Amate, Manuel, Andersen, Michael, Antoniucci, Simone, Artigau, E., Bailet, Christophe, Baker, Clark E., Baldini, Veronica, Balestra, Andrea, Barnes, S.a., Baron, Frédérique, Barros, Susana, Bauer, Svend-marian, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bellido-tirado, Olga, Benneke, Björn, Bensby, Thomas, Bergin, Edwin, Berio, P., Biazzo, Katia, Bigot, Laurent, Bik, Arjan, Birkby, Jayne L., Blind, Nicolas, Boebion, Olivier, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, Marco, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonhomme, Lea, Borsa, Francesco, Bouret, Jean-claude, Brandeker, Alexis, Brandner, Wolfgang, Broeg, Christopher H., Brogi, Matteo, Brousseau, Denis, Brucalassi, Anna, Brynnel, Joar G., Buchhave, Lars A., Buscher, David F., Cabona, Lorenzo, Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Giorgio, Calvo-ortega, Rocío, Cantalloube, Faustine, Canto Martins, Bruno L., Carbonaro, Luca, Caujolle, Yan, Chauvin, Gaël, Chazelas, Bruno, Cheffot, Anne-laure L., Cheng, Yuk Shan, Chiavassa, Andrea, Christensen, Lise B., Cirami, Roberto, Cirasuolo, Michele, Cook, Neil J., Cooke, Ryan, Coretti, Igor, Covino, Stefano, Cowan, Nicolas B., Cresci, Giovanni, Cristiani, Stefano, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Cupani, Guido, D'odorico, Valentina, Dadi, Kamalesh, De Castro Leão, Izan C., De Cia, Annalisa, De Medeiros, Jose R., Debras, Florian, Debus, Michael, Delorme, Alain, Demangeon, Olivier, Derie, Frederic, Dessauges-zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Di Stefano, Simona, Dionies, Frank, Domiciano De Souza, Armando, Doyon, René, Dunn, Jennifer S., Egner, Sébastien E., Ehrenreich, David, Faria, Joao P., Ferruzzi, Debora, Feruglio, Chiara, Fisher, Martin, Fontana, Adriano, Frank, B S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, Thierry, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., González-hernández, J. I., Gouvret, C., Gracia Témich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, Philipp, Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., Macintosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M. J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, J. H. C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., Mccracken, R. A., Melo E Sousa, M. A. F., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Ouellette, N. N.-q., Pallé, Enric, Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Peñate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Perreault Levasseur, L., Perruchot, Sandrine, Petit, P., Pfuhl, Oliver, Pino, L., Piqueras, Javier, Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, Emily, Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-lópez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz-forcada, Jorge, Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-f., Savio, D., Scaudo, A., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R. Y., Strassmeier, Klaus G., Suárez Mascareño, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Véran, J.-p., Vallée, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbé, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.

Published
2024

15. ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: design of the adaptive optics system

Author

Jackson, Kathryn J., Schmidt, Dirk, Vernet, Elise, Pinna, Enrico, Selmi, Chiara, Cheffot, Anne-Laure, Azzaroli, Nicolò, Redaelli, Edoardo, Sauvage, Jean-François, Baldini, Veronica, Dunn, Jennifer, Calderone, Giorgio, Agapito, Guido, Simonnin, Adrien, Jouve, Pierre, Véran, Jean-Pierre, Blind, Nicolas, Aliverti, Matteo, Beaudoin, André, Berio, Philippe, Bonaglia, Marco, Briguglio, Runa, Carbonaro, Luca, Chauvin, Gaël, Chiavassa, Andrea, Chazelas, Bruno, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Doniselli, Simone, Fusco, Thierry, Jackson, Kathryn, Marconi, Alessandro, Martinez, Patrice, N'Diaye, Mamadou, Neichel, Benoit, Riva, Marco, Spang, Alain, Soria Hernandez, Esther, Stocks, Jonathan, Sulich, Antonio, and Zanutta, Alessio

Published
2024
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16. CUBES, the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph: towards final design review

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Genoni, Matteo, Dekker, Hans, Covino, Stefano, Cirami, Roberto, Scalera, Marcello A., Bissel, Lawrence, Seifert, Walter, Calcines, Ariadna, Avila, Gerardo, Stϋrmer, Julian, Ritz, Christopher, Lunney, David, Miller, Chris, Watson, Stephen, Waring, Chris, Castilho, Bruno V., De Arruda, Marcio V., Verducci, Orlando, Coretti, Igor, Oggioni, Luca, Pariani, Giorgio, Redaelli, Edoardo A. M., D’ Ambrogio, Matteo, Calderone, Giorgio, Porru, Matteo, Stilz, Ingo, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Cupani, Guido, Franchini, Mariagrazia, Scaudo, Andrea, Geers, Vincent, De Caprio, Vincenzo, D' Auria, Domenico, Sibalic, Mina, Opitom, Cyrielle, Cescutti, Gabriele, D’ Odorico, Valentina, Sanchez-Janssen, Ruben, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Barbuy, Beatriz, Cristiani, Stefano, and Di Marcantonio, Paolo

Published
2024
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18. CUBES: the Cassegrain U-band Efficient Spectrograph

Author

Cristiani, Stefano, primary, Alcalá, Juan Manuel, additional, Silvia, Alencar, additional, Balashev, Serj, additional, Bastian, Nate, additional, Barbuy, Beatriz, additional, Umberto, Battino, additional, Calcines Rosario, Ariadna, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Cambianica, Pamela, additional, Carini, Roberta, additional, Carter, Brad, additional, Cassisi, Santi, additional, Castilho, Bruno, additional, Cescutti, Gabriele, additional, Christlieb, Norbert, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Cooke, Ryan J., additional, Covino, Stefano, additional, Cremonese, Gabriele, additional, Cunha, Katia, additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, da Silva, André, additional, De Caprio, Vincenzo, additional, De Cia, Annalisa, additional, Dekker, Hans, additional, D'Elia, Valerio, additional, de Silva, Gayandhi, additional, Diaz, Marcos P., additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, D'Auria, Domenico, additional, D'Odorico, Valentina, additional, Fitzsimmons, Alan, additional, Ernandes, Heitor, additional, Evans, Chris, additional, Franchini, Mariagrazia, additional, Genoni, Matteo, additional, Gänsicke, Boris, additional, Giribaldi, Riano Escate, additional, Gneiding, Clemens D., additional, Grazian, Andrea, additional, Hansen, Camilla Juul, additional, La Forgia, Fiorangela, additional, Landoni, Marco, additional, Lazzarin, Monica, additional, Lunney, David, additional, Maciel, Walter J., additional, Marcolino, Wagner, additional, Marconi, Marcella, additional, Migliorini, Alessandra, additional, Miller, Chris, additional, Noterdaeme, Pasquier, additional, Opitom, Cyrielle, additional, Pariani, Giorgio, additional, Pilecki, Bogumil, additional, Piranomonte, Silvia, additional, Quirrenbach, Andreas, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo Maria Alberto, additional, Pereira, Claudio, additional, Randich, Sofia, additional, Rossi, Silvia, additional, Sanchez-Janssen, Ruben, additional, Seifert, Walter, additional, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, additional, Snodgrass, Colin, additional, Stilz, Ingo, additional, Stürmer, Julian, additional, Vanzella, Eros, additional, Ventura, Paolo, additional, Verducci, Orlando, additional, Waring, Chris, additional, Watson, Stephen, additional, Wells, Martyn, additional, Wright, Duncan, additional, Zafar, Tayyaba, additional, and Zanutta, Alessio, additional

Published
2022
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19. CUBES and its software ecosystem: instrument simulation, control, and data processing

Author

Calderone, Giorgio, primary, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Franchini, Mariagrazia, additional, Genoni, Matteo, additional, Kałuszyński, Mikołaj, additional, Landoni, Marco, additional, Rothmaier, Florian M., additional, Scaudo, Andrea, additional, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, additional, Stilz, Ingo D., additional, Stürmer, Julian, additional, and Verducci, Orlando, additional

Published
2022
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20. IBIS 2.0: optical layout and polarimetric unit of the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer 2.0

Author

Viavattene, Giorgio, primary, Ermolli, Ilaria, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Del Moro, Dario, additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Aliverti, Matteo, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Giorgi, Fabrizio, additional, Pedichini, Fernando, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Giovannelli, Luca, additional, Guglielmino, Salvatore Luigi, additional, Murabito, Mariarita, additional, Oggioni, Luca, additional, Oliviero, Maurizio, additional, Piazzesi, Roberto, additional, and Redaelli, Edoardo Maria Alberto, additional

Published
2022
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21. Revamping of VLT-FORS control electronics with PLC systems: the final design.

Author

Baldini, Veronica, primary, Sulich, Antonio, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Bertocco, Sara, additional, Nonino, Mario, additional, Dérie, Frédéric, additional, Manescau Hernandez, Antonio Ramon, additional, Del Valle, Diego, additional, and Gutierrez, Pablo, additional

Published
2022
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22. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: project management and system engineering approaches for mastering its preliminary design phase

Author

Di Marcantonio, Paolo, primary, Zanutta, Alessio, additional, Marconi, Alessandro, additional, Abreu, Manuel, additional, Alberti, Valentina, additional, Aliverti, Matteo, additional, Andersen, Michael I., additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Balestra, Andrea, additional, Baron, Frédérique, additional, Brynnel, Joar, additional, Cabral, Alexandre, additional, Chazelas, Bruno, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Gallo, Elena, additional, Giro, Enrico, additional, Gaessler, Wolfgang, additional, Gonzalez, Oscar, additional, Huke, Philipp, additional, Kouach, Driss, additional, Leão, Izan C., additional, Lunney, David, additional, Macintosh, Mike, additional, Masłowski, Piotr, additional, Monteiro, Manuel A., additional, Oliva, Ernesto, additional, Origlia, Livia, additional, Pariani, Giorgio, additional, Pinna, Enrico, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo M., additional, Riva, Marco, additional, Selmi, Chiara, additional, Sortino, Francesca, additional, Stempels, Eric H., additional, Wehbe, Bachar, additional, Xompero, Marco, additional, and Zimara, Jennifer, additional

Published
2022
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23. CUBES phase a design overview

Author

Zanutta, Alessio, primary, Cristiani, Stefano, additional, Atkinson, David, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Balestra, Andrea, additional, Barbuy, Beatriz, additional, Macanhan, Vanessa Bawden P., additional, Calcines, Ariadna, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Case, Scott, additional, Castilho, Bruno V., additional, Cescutti, Gabriele, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Covino, Stefano, additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, De Caprio, Vincenzo, additional, Dekker, Hans, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, D’Odorico, Valentina, additional, Ernandes, Heitor, additional, Evans, Chris, additional, Feger, Tobias, additional, Feiz, Carmen, additional, Franchini, Mariagrazia, additional, Genoni, Matteo, additional, Gneiding, Clemens D., additional, Kałuszyński, Mikołaj, additional, Landoni, Marco, additional, Lawrence, Jon, additional, Lunney, David, additional, Miller, Chris, additional, Molaverdikhani, Karan, additional, Opitom, Cyrielle, additional, Pariani, Giorgio, additional, Piranomonte, Silvia, additional, Quirrenbach, Andreas, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo Maria Alberto, additional, Riva, Marco, additional, Robertson, David, additional, Rossi, Silvia, additional, Rothmaier, Florian, additional, Seifert, Walter, additional, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, additional, Stürmer, Julian, additional, Stilz, Ingo, additional, Trost, Andrea, additional, Verducci, Orlando, additional, Waring, Chris, additional, Watson, Stephen, additional, Wells, Martyn, additional, Xu, Wenli, additional, Zafar, Tayyaba, additional, and Zorba, Sonia, additional

Published
2022
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24. CUBES phase a design overview

Author

Zanutta, Alessio, Cristiani, Stefano, Atkinson, David, Baldini, Veronica, Balestra, Andrea, Barbuy, Beatriz, Macanhan, Vanessa Bawden P., Calcines, Ariadna, Calderone, Giorgio, Case, Scott, Castilho, Bruno V., Cescutti, Gabriele, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Covino, Stefano, Cupani, Guido, De Caprio, Vincenzo, Dekker, Hans, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, D’Odorico, Valentina, Ernandes, Heitor, Evans, Chris, Feger, Tobias, Feiz, Carmen, Franchini, Mariagrazia, Genoni, Matteo, Gneiding, Clemens D., Kałuszyński, Mikołaj, Landoni, Marco, Lawrence, Jon, Lunney, David, Miller, Chris, Molaverdikhani, Karan, Opitom, Cyrielle, Pariani, Giorgio, Piranomonte, Silvia, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Redaelli, Edoardo Maria Alberto, Riva, Marco, Robertson, David, Rossi, Silvia, Rothmaier, Florian, Seifert, Walter, Smiljanic, Rodolfo, Stürmer, Julian, Stilz, Ingo, Trost, Andrea, Verducci, Orlando, Waring, Chris, Watson, Stephen, Wells, Martyn, Xu, Wenli, Zafar, Tayyaba, and Zorba, Sonia

Abstract

We present the baseline conceptual design of the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) for the Very Large Telescope. CUBES will provide unprecedented sensitivity for spectroscopy on a 8 – 10 m class telescope in the ground ultraviolet (UV), spanning a bandwidth of ≥ 100 nm that starts at 300 nm, the shortest wavelength accessible from the ground. The design has been optimized for end-to-end efficiency and provides a spectral resolving power of R≥ 20000, that will unlock a broad range of new topics across solar system, Galactic and extraglactic astronomy. The design also features a second, lower-resolution (R ∼ 7000) mode and has the option of a fiberlink to the UVES instrument for simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths. Here we present the optical, mechanical and software design of the various subsystems of the instrument after the Phase A study of the project. We discuss the expected performances for the layout choices and highlight some of the performance trade-offs considered to best meet the instrument top-level requirements. We also introduce the model-based system engineering approach used to organize and manage the project activities and interfaces, in the context that it is increasingly necessary to integrate such tools in the development of complex astronomical projects.

Published
2022

25. The CUBES instrument model and simulation tools

Author

Genoni, Matteo, primary, Landoni, Marco, additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, Franchini, Mariagrazia, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Zanutta, Alessio, additional, Evans, Chris, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Cristiani, Stefano, additional, Trost, Andrea, additional, and Zorba, Sonia, additional

Published
2022
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26. CUBES phase a design overview: The Cassegrain U-Band efficient spectrograph for the very large telescope.

Author

Zanutta, Alessio, Cristiani, Stefano, Atkinson, David, Baldini, Veronica, Balestra, Andrea, Barbuy, Beatriz, Macanhan, Vanessa Bawden P., Calcines, Ariadna, Calderone, Giorgio, Case, Scott, Castilho, Bruno V., Cescutti, Gabriele, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Covino, Stefano, Cupani, Guido, De Caprio, Vincenzo, Dekker, Hans, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, and D'Odorico, Valentina

Subjects
VERY large telescopes, SPECTROGRAPHS, CUBES, SYSTEMS engineering, CONCEPTUAL design, SOFTWARE architecture
Abstract

We present the baseline conceptual design of the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) for the Very Large Telescope. CUBES will provide unprecedented sensitivity for spectroscopy on a 8 – 10 m class telescope in the ground ultraviolet (UV), spanning a bandwidth of ≥ 100 nm that starts at 300 nm, the shortest wavelength accessible from the ground. The design has been optimized for end-to-end efficiency and provides a spectral resolving power of R≥ 20000, that will unlock a broad range of new topics across solar system, Galactic and extraglactic astronomy. The design also features a second, lower-resolution (R ∼ 7000) mode and has the option of a fiberlink to the UVES instrument for simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths. Here we present the optical, mechanical and software design of the various subsystems of the instrument after the Phase A study of the project. We discuss the expected performances for the layout choices and highlight some of the performance trade-offs considered to best meet the instrument top-level requirements. We also introduce the model-based system engineering approach used to organize and manage the project activities and interfaces, in the context that it is increasingly necessary to integrate such tools in the development of complex astronomical projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. FORS-Up: May the FORS Be With Us For Another 15 Years

Author

Boffin, Henri M. J., Derie, Frédéric, Manescau, Antonio, Siebenmorgen, Ralf, Baldini, Veronica, Calderone, Giorgio, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Del Valle Izquierdo, Diego, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Gutierrez Cheetham, Pablo, Haddad, Nicolás, Hopgood, Joshua, Kolsmanski, Johan, Modigliani, Andrea, Lilley, Paul, Moehler, Sabine, Nonino, Mario, Rupprecht, Gero, and Silber, Armin

Subjects
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The FORS Upgrade project (FORS-Up) will extend the life of the popular workhorse instrument attached to ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), FORS2. The project — a collaboration between ESO and INAF–Astronomical Observatory of Trieste — aims to bring to the telescope, in about three years’ time, a refurbished instrument with a new scientific detector, upgraded instrument control software and electronics based on ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) standard technologies, a new calibration unit, and additional filters and grisms., Published in The Messenger vol. 183, pp. 18-19, June 2021.

Published
2021
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28. HIRES, the High-resolution Spectrograph for the ELT

Author

Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Manual, Adibekyan, V., Aliverti, Andrea, Prieto, Carlos, Amado, Pedro, Amate, Manuel, Artigau, Etienne, Augusto, Sergio Ribeiro, Barros, S. De, Becerril, Santiago, Benneke, Björn, Bergin, E., Berio, Philipe, Bezawada, Naidu, Boisse, Isabelle, Christensen, Lise Bech, Cirami, Roberto, Covino, S., Fynbo, Johan Peter Uldall, Kouach, D., Korn, Andreas, Liske, Jochen, Tozzi, Andrea, Udry, Stephane, Vanzi, Leonardo, Weber, M., Xompero, Marco, Zackrisson, Erik, Osorio, Maria Rose Z, Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Manual, Adibekyan, V., Aliverti, Andrea, Prieto, Carlos, Amado, Pedro, Amate, Manuel, Artigau, Etienne, Augusto, Sergio Ribeiro, Barros, S. De, Becerril, Santiago, Benneke, Björn, Bergin, E., Berio, Philipe, Bezawada, Naidu, Boisse, Isabelle, Christensen, Lise Bech, Cirami, Roberto, Covino, S., Fynbo, Johan Peter Uldall, Kouach, D., Korn, Andreas, Liske, Jochen, Tozzi, Andrea, Udry, Stephane, Vanzi, Leonardo, Weber, M., Xompero, Marco, Zackrisson, Erik, and Osorio, Maria Rose Z

Published
2021

29. Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: Towards an accurate wavelength calibration for a precision test of the fine-structure constant

Author

Schmidt, Tobias M., primary, Molaro, Paolo, additional, Murphy, Michael T., additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, Cristiani, Stefano, additional, Pepe, Francesco A., additional, Rebolo, Rafael, additional, Santos, Nuno C., additional, Abreu, Manuel, additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Aliverti, Matteo, additional, Allart, Romain, additional, Allende Prieto, Carlos, additional, Alves, David, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Cabral, Alexandre, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Coelho, João, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, D’Odorico, Valentina, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Figueira, Pedro, additional, Genoni, Matteo, additional, Génova Santos, Ricardo, additional, González Hernández, Jonay I., additional, Kerber, Florian, additional, Landoni, Marco, additional, Leite, Ana C. O., additional, Lizon, Jean-Louis, additional, Lo Curto, Gaspare, additional, Manescau, Antonio, additional, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., additional, Megévand, Denis, additional, Mehner, Andrea, additional, Micela, Giuseppina, additional, Modigliani, Andrea, additional, Monteiro, Manuel, additional, Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G., additional, Mueller, Eric, additional, Nunes, Nelson J., additional, Oggioni, Luca, additional, Oliveira, António, additional, Pariani, Giorgio, additional, Pasquini, Luca, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo, additional, Riva, Marco, additional, Santos, Pedro, additional, Sosnowska, Danuta, additional, Sousa, Sérgio G., additional, Sozzetti, Alessandro, additional, Suárez Mascareño, Alejandro, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Zapatero Osorio, Maria-Rosa, additional, and Zerbi, Filippo, additional

Published
2021
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30. FORS-Up: Making the most versatile instrument in Paranal ready for 15 more years of operations

Author

Boffin, Henri M. J., primary, Dérie, Frédéric, additional, Manescau, Antonio, additional, Siebenmorgen, Ralf, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Kosmalski, Johan, additional, Lilley, Paul, additional, Moehler, Sabine, additional, Nonino, M., additional, Rupprecht, Gero, additional, and Silber, Armin, additional

Published
2020
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31. IBIS2.0: The new Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer

Author

Ermolli, Ilaria, primary, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Del Moro, Dario, additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Viavattene, Giorgio, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Giorgi, Fabrizio, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Giovannelli, Luca, additional, Guglielmino, Salvatore Luigi, additional, Murabito, Mariarita, additional, Pedichini, Fernando, additional, Piazzesi, Roberto, additional, Aliverti, Matteo, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo, additional, Berrilli, Francesco, additional, and Zuccarello, Francesca, additional

Published
2020
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35. FORS-Up: An Upgrade of the FORS2 Instrument @ ESO VLT

Author

Cirami, Roberto, Baldini, Veronica, Boffin, Henri, Coretti, Igor, Derie, Frédéric, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Manescau, Antonio, and Siebenmorgen, Ralf

Subjects
Control System Upgrades, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The FORS Upgrade project (FORS-Up), financed by the European Southern Observatory, aims at upgrading the FORS2 instrument currently installed on the UT1 telescope of the ESO Very Large Telescope in Chile. FORS2 is an optical instrument that can be operated in different modes (imaging, polarimetry, long-slit and multi-object spectroscopy). Due to its versatility, the ESO Scientific Technical Committee has identified FORS2 as a highly demanded workhorse among the VLT instruments that shall remain operative for the next 15 years. The main goals of the FORS-Up project are the replacement of the FORS2 scientific detector and the upgrade of the instrument control software and electronics. The project is conceived as "fast track" so that FORS2 is upgraded to the VLT for 2022. This paper focuses on the outcomes of the FORS-Up Phase A, ended in February 2019, and carried out as a collaboration between ESO and INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Trieste, this latter in charge of the feasibility study of the upgrade of the control software and electronics with the latest VLT standard technologies (among them the use of the PLCs and of the latest features of the VLT Control Software)., Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2019, New York, NY, USA

Published
2020
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36. Code Generation based on IFML for the User Interfaces of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)

Author

Brambilla, Marco, Cirami, Roberto, Gasparini, Mattia, Marassi, Alessandro, Pavanetto, Silvio, and ITA

Subjects
User Interfaces, User Perspective, and User Experience(UX), Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project is responsible for developing the SKA Observatory, the world’s largest radiotelescope ever built. In this context, a number of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) have to be designed and built to be used for monitoring and control, testing, simulation, integration, commissioning and maintenance. The Tango framework and its UI tools, selected for SKA in 2015, support the types of basic control interfaces currently used at both radio telescopes and within high energy physics experiments. This paper reports on the development of a Qt/Taurus code generator prototype based on the IFML (Interaction Flow Modeling Language) standard and respective modeling tools, that are extended for supporting the platform-specific code generation. The purpose of this work is to enable the use of low-code development in SKA GUI design, thus enabling increased efficiency, reliability and coherency of the produced UI. We present a simple GUI use case as complete example of software development cycle starting from requirements and including IFML modelling, Qt/Taurus automatic coding, interface evaluation and validation., Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2019, New York, NY, USA

Published
2020
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37. IBIS-04 System Design Description

Author

VIAVATTENE, GIORGIO, BALDINI, Veronica, CIRAMI, ROBERTO, CORETTI, Igor, DEL MORO, DARIO, DI MARCANTONIO, Paolo, ERMOLLI, Ilaria, GIORGI, Fabrizio, GIOVANNELLI, LUCA, PEDICHINI, Fernando, PIAZZESI, Roberto, MUNARI, MATTEO, and VITALI, Fabrizio

Abstract

The IBIS-04 "System Design Description" document presents the proposed opto-mechanical, electronical, automation and software design of the instrument for the preliminary Phase A of the project IBIS 2.0.

Published
2020

38. An Upgrade of the HARPS-N Spectrograph Autoguider at TNG

Author

Cirami, Roberto, Alesina, Fabien, Buchschacher, Nicolas, Coretti, Igor, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, and Pepe, Francesco

Subjects
Device Control and Integrating Diverse Systems, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

HARPS-N is a high-precision radial-velocity spectrograph installed on the INAF TNG in the island of La Palma, Canary Islands. The HARPS-N project is a collaboration among several institutes lead by the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Geneva. The HARPS-N control software is composed by the Sequencer, which coordinates the scientific observations and by a series of modules implemented in LabVIEW for the control of the instrument front end, calibration unit and autoguider. The autoguider is the subsystem in charge of maintaining the target centered on the spectrograph fiber. It acquires target images at high frequency with a technical CDD and with the help of dedicated algorithms keeps the target centered on the fiber through a piezo tip-tilt stage. Exploiting the expertise acquired with the autoguiding system of the ESPRESSO spectrograph installed at the ESO VLT, a collaboration has been setup between the HARPS-N Consortium and the INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Trieste for the design and implementation of a new autoguider for HARPS-N. This paper describes the design, implementation and installation phases of the new autoguider system., Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2019, New York, NY, USA

Published
2020
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39. IBIS 2.0: optical layout and polarimetric unit of the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer 2.0

Author

Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Viavattene, Giorgio, Ermolli, Ilaria, Cirami, Roberto, Calderone, Giorgio, Del Moro, Dario, Romano, Paolo, Aliverti, Matteo, Baldini, Veronica, Giorgi, Fabrizio, Pedichini, Fernando, Coretti, Igor, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Giovannelli, Luca, Guglielmino, Salvatore Luigi, Murabito, Mariarita, Oggioni, Luca, Oliviero, Maurizio, Piazzesi, Roberto, and Redaelli, Edoardo Maria Alberto

Published
2022
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40. A PLC Distributed Layout: the Case of the Instrument Control Electronics of ESPRESSO

Author

BALDINI, Veronica, CALDERONE, GIORGIO, CIRAMI, ROBERTO, CORETTI, Igor, CRISTIANI, Stefano, DI MARCANTONIO, Paolo, Mégevand, Denis, RIVA, Marco, ITA, and CHE

Abstract

ESPRESSO, the Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) is passing the integration phase in Geneva before being shipped to Chile and installed at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) site on the Cerro Paranal. It is going to be one of the first permanent instruments of VLT with a distributed control electronics based on Beckhoff PLCs. About 40 motorized stages, more than 90 sensors and several calibration lamps are controlled by the Instrument Control Electronics (ICE) and Software (ICS). All the ESPRESSO functionalities are managed by two main CPUs that Sshare the workload. The Beckhoff EtherCAT decentralization modules ensure the EtherCAT continuity between the 7 PLC electronics subracks placed in different cabinets, allowing optimal distributed architecture. Furthermore, one of the two CPUs is equipped with an IEEE 1588 protocol interface, used for the time synchronization of the distributed clocks in the networks. In this paper the features of the CPUs used, the distribution of functions among them, the electronic cabinets configuration and a detailed overview of the PLC control system used are presented.

Published
2019

41. Nightside condensation of iron in an ultrahot giant exoplanet

Author

Ehrenreich, David, primary, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Allart, Romain, additional, Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, additional, Pepe, Francesco, additional, Cristiani, Stefano, additional, Rebolo, Rafael, additional, Santos, Nuno C., additional, Borsa, Francesco, additional, Demangeon, Olivier, additional, Dumusque, Xavier, additional, González Hernández, Jonay I., additional, Casasayas-Barris, Núria, additional, Ségransan, Damien, additional, Sousa, Sérgio, additional, Abreu, Manuel, additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Affolter, Michael, additional, Allende Prieto, Carlos, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Aliverti, Matteo, additional, Alves, David, additional, Amate, Manuel, additional, Avila, Gerardo, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Bandy, Timothy, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Bianco, Andrea, additional, Bolmont, Émeline, additional, Bouchy, François, additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Cabral, Alexandre, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Cegla, H. M., additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Coelho, João M. P., additional, Conconi, Paolo, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, Cumani, Claudio, additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, Dekker, Hans, additional, Delabre, Bernard, additional, Deiries, Sebastian, additional, D’Odorico, Valentina, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Figueira, Pedro, additional, Fragoso, Ana, additional, Genolet, Ludovic, additional, Genoni, Matteo, additional, Génova Santos, Ricardo, additional, Hara, Nathan, additional, Hughes, Ian, additional, Iwert, Olaf, additional, Kerber, Florian, additional, Knudstrup, Jens, additional, Landoni, Marco, additional, Lavie, Baptiste, additional, Lizon, Jean-Louis, additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Lo Curto, Gaspare, additional, Maire, Charles, additional, Manescau, Antonio, additional, Martins, C. J. A. P., additional, Mégevand, Denis, additional, Mehner, Andrea, additional, Micela, Giusi, additional, Modigliani, Andrea, additional, Molaro, Paolo, additional, Monteiro, Manuel, additional, Monteiro, Mario, additional, Moschetti, Manuele, additional, Müller, Eric, additional, Nunes, Nelson, additional, Oggioni, Luca, additional, Oliveira, António, additional, Pariani, Giorgio, additional, Pasquini, Luca, additional, Poretti, Ennio, additional, Rasilla, José Luis, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo, additional, Riva, Marco, additional, Santana Tschudi, Samuel, additional, Santin, Paolo, additional, Santos, Pedro, additional, Segovia Milla, Alex, additional, Seidel, Julia V., additional, Sosnowska, Danuta, additional, Sozzetti, Alessandro, additional, Spanò, Paolo, additional, Suárez Mascareño, Alejandro, additional, Tabernero, Hugo, additional, Tenegi, Fabio, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Zanutta, Alessio, additional, and Zerbi, Filippo, additional

Published
2020
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42. The SKA Dish Local Monitoring and Control System

Author

Riggi, Simone, Becciani, Ugo, Buttaccio, Salvo, Cirami, Roberto, Costa, Alessandro, Ingallinera, Adriano, Marassi, Alessandro, Nicotra, Gaetano, Schillirò, Francesco, and Trigilio, Corrado

Subjects
Project Status Reports, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the world's largest and most sensitive radio observatory ever built. SKA is currently completing the pre-construction phase before initiating mass construction phase 1, in which two arrays of radio antennas - SKA1-Mid and SKA1-Low - will be installed in the South Africa's Karoo region and Western Australia's Murchinson Shire, each covering a different range of radio frequencies. The SKA1-Mid array comprises 130 15-m diameter dish antennas observing in the 350 MHz-14 GHz range and will be remotely orchestrated by the SKA Telescope Manager (TM) system. To enable onsite and remote operations each dish will be equipped with a Local Monitoring and Control (LMC) system responsible to directly manage and coordinate antenna instrumentation and subsystems, providing a rolled-up monitoring view and high-level control to TM. This paper gives a status update of the antenna instrumentation and control software design and provides details on the LMC software prototype being developed., Proceedings of the 16th Int. Conf. on Accelerator and Large Experimental Control Systems, ICALEPCS2017, Barcelona, Spain

Published
2018
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43. ESPRESSO Instrument Control Electronics and Software: Final Phases Before the Installation in Chile

Author

Baldini, Veronica, Calderone, Giorgio, Cirami, Roberto, Coretti, Igor, Cristiani, Stefano, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, MéGevand, Denis, Riva, Marco, ITA, and FRA

Subjects
Experiment Control, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

ESPRESSO, the Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations, is undergoing the final testing phases before being shipped to Chile and installed in the Combined Coudé Laboratory (CCL) at the ESO Very Large Telescope site. The integration of the instrument takes place at the Astronomical Observatory of Geneva. It includes the full tests of the Instrument Control Electronics (ICE) and Instrument Control Software (ICS), designed and developed at the INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Trieste. ESPRESSO is the first ESO-VLT permanent instrument which electronics is based on Beckhoff PLCs. Two PLC CPUs shares all the workload of the ESPRESSO functions and through the OPC-UA protocol the PLC communicates with the instrument control software based on VLT control software package. In this phase all the devices and subsystems of ESPRESSO are installed, connected together and verified, mimicking the final working conditions in Chile. This paper will summarize the features of the ESPRESSO control system, the tests performed during the integration in Europe and the main performance obtained before the integration of the whole instrument "on sky" in South America., Proceedings of the 16th Int. Conf. on Accelerator and Large Experimental Control Systems, ICALEPCS2017, Barcelona, Spain

Published
2018
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44. IBIS 2.0 interferometric bidimensional spectrometer 2.0: overview and current status

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Ermolli, Ilaria, Cirami, Roberto, Sant, Kamal, del Moro, Dario, Romano, Paolo, Viavattene, Giorgio, Aliverti, Matteo, Baldini, Veronica, Giorgi, Fabrizio, Pedichini, Fernando, Coretti, Igor, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Giovannelli, Luca, Guglielmino, Salvatore, Murabito, Mariarita, Oggioni, Luca, Oliviero, Maurizio, Piazzesi, Roberto, Redaelli, Edoardo, Alberti, Valentina, Bertocco, Sara, Jerse, Giovanna, Frazzoni, Giorgio, and Mainella, Gianni

Published
2024
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45. ESPRESSO data flow in operations: results of commissioning activities

Author

Di Marcantonio, Paolo, primary, Cupani, Guido, primary, Sosnowska, Danuta, primary, D'Odorico, Valentina, primary, Lovis, Christophe, primary, Sousa, Sergio, primary, González Hernández, Jonay I., primary, Calderone, Giorgio, primary, Cirami, Roberto, primary, Modigliani, Andrea, primary, Lo Curto, Gaspare, primary, Cristiani, Stefano, primary, Pepe, Francesco, primary, Mégevand, Denis, primary, Molaro, Paolo, primary, and Segovia, Alex, primary

Published
2018
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46. ELT high resolution spectrograph: phase-A software architecture study

Author

Di Marcantonio, Paolo, primary, Boisse, Isabelle, primary, Cirami, Roberto, primary, Cupani, Guido, primary, Di Varano, Igor, primary, Drass, Holger, primary, Figueira, Pedro, primary, Furlan de Souza, Marco Antonio, primary, Genoni, Matteo, primary, Landoni, Marco, primary, Li Causi, Gianluca, primary, Marquart, Thomas, primary, Mason, Elena, primary, Monteiro, Manuel, primary, Parro, Vanderlei, primary, Ribeiro Augusto, Sergio, primary, Rousseau, Sylvain, primary, Sanna, Nicoletta, primary, Shen, Tzu-Chiang, primary, Sosnowska, Danuta, primary, Sousa, Sérgio, primary, Xompero, Marco, primary, Marconi, Alessandro, primary, and Gonzalez, Oscar A., primary

Published
2018
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48. ELT-HIRES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: results from the Phase A study

Author

Di Marcantonio, Paolo, primary, Maiolino, Roberto, primary, Oliva, Ernesto, primary, Origlia, Livia, primary, Riva, Marco, primary, Valenziano, Luca, primary, Allende Prieto, Carlos, primary, Amado, Pedro, primary, Amate, Manuel, primary, Becerril, Santiago, primary, Bezawada, Naidu, primary, Boisse, Isabelle, primary, Bouchy, François, primary, Cabral, Alexandre, primary, Chazelas, Bruno, primary, Cirami, Roberto, primary, Coretti, Igor, primary, Cristiani, Stefano, primary, Cupani, Guido, primary, D'Odorico, Valentina, primary, de Souza, M. A. F., primary, Marconi, Alessandro, primary, de Castro Leão, Izan, primary, de Medeiros, José, primary, Di Varano, Igor, primary, Drass, Holger, primary, Figueira, Pedro, primary, Fragoso Lopez, Ana Belen, primary, Fynbo, Johan, primary, Genoni, Matteo, primary, González Hernández, Jonay, primary, Hughes, Ian, primary, Huke, Philipp, primary, Kjeldsen, Hans, primary, Korn, Andreas, primary, Landoni, Marco, primary, Liske, Jochen, primary, Lovis, Christophe, primary, Martins, Carlos, primary, Mason, Elena, primary, Monteiro, Manuel, primary, Morris, Timothy J., primary, Niedzielski, Andrzej, primary, Pallé, Enric, primary, Parr-Burman, Phil, primary, Pepe, Francesco, primary, Piskunov, Nikolai, primary, Rasilla, José Luis, primary, Rebolo-López, Rafael, primary, Rousseau, Sylvain, primary, Sanna, Nicoletta, primary, Santos, Nuno, primary, Shen, Tzu-Chiang, primary, Sortino, Francesca, primary, Sosnowska, Danuta, primary, Sousa, Sergio, primary, Stempels, Eric, primary, Strassmeier, Klaus G., primary, Tenegi, Fabio, primary, Tozzi, Andrea, primary, Udry, Stéphane, primary, Vanzi, Leonardo, primary, Weber, Michael, primary, Woche, Manfred, primary, Xompero, Marco, primary, Zackrisson, Erik, primary, Augusto, Sergio Ribeiro, primary, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, primary, Murray, Graham, primary, Rees, Phil, primary, Haehnelt, Martin, primary, and Marquart, Thomas, primary

Published
2018
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50. BATMAN @ TNG: instrument integration and performance

Author

Lanzoni, Patrick, primary, Tchoubaklian, Nicolas, primary, Ramarijaona, Harald, primary, Moschetti, Manuele, primary, Riva, Marco, primary, Jaquet, Marc, primary, Spanò, Paolo, primary, Bon, William, primary, Vachey, Mathieu, primary, Nicastro, Luciano, primary, Molinari, Emilio, primary, Cosentino, Rosario, primary, Ghedina, Adriano, primary, Gonzalez, Manuel, primary, Boschin, Walter, primary, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, primary, Coretti, Igor, primary, Cirami, Roberto, primary, Zerbi, Filippo, primary, Valenziano, Luca, primary, and Zamkotsian, Frédéric, primary

Published
2018
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