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This study aims to present a Russian plan of Braila from 1828, a plan created by officer Petuhov. It is a precious and detailed cartographic source for the history of Ottoman Braila, containing a lot of previously unknown toponyms, mainly names of streets, mosques, gates and roads. Throughout this study, the context for the appearance of the cartographic source, as well as the details found in it, are discussed. Moreover, the legend is translated and a copy of the plan it is published towards the end of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we publish two plans of Craiova, discovered at the MilitaryHistorical Archive of Moscow: a plan made during the occupation of Wallachia in 1771–1774 and another made either during the occupation after the 1848 revolution (1848–1851) or during the first year of the Crimean War (August 1853 – April 1854). Both plans support the idea that the town underwent organic development, which took into account the local landforms and the way man intervened. Its location in the Jiu Valley played a significant role in the emergence and evolution of this centre, as the course of the river was accompanied by an important road, Craiova being at the intersection with other major traffic routes of this region of the country. The valleys bordering the urban core had the role of delimiting the original inhabited area and the position of the “Bănia” area, with the church of St. Dumitru, as a strategic area and centre of power, on the edge of the coast overlooking the valley towards the west, is evident. Separately, across another small valley, the heart of the town developed, the market, the area with the best economic outlook, not coincidentally located at the crossroads of the main east-west and south-north axes. The medieval town evolved around these two cores, but development and population growth meant the valleys bordering it were overtaken by the 18th century. How the streets converged in the town underlines the idea of gradual growth, and the concentration of roads around the focal point that was the town market marked the layout of Craiova. Human intervention up to the 1830s and 1840s took place not only through the building of dwelling houses, shops and workshops but also through the construction of major landmarks represented by churches and monasteries, around which the neighbourhood (mahala) gravitated. Once the process of modernization began, the anthropic footprint became even more important through the extensive building actions initiated after the Organic Regulation, some of which are visible in the second plan studied. Unfortunately, we could not identify the plan’s authors among the Russian armysurveyors of those periods. The two cartographic documents contribute to a better knowledge of Craiova in the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the following century, adding to the already known plans (the Austrian plan of 1790 and the Romanian one of 1845). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present an unknown plan of the town of Roman and its surroundings, provided by the Russian State Military-Historical Archive in Moscow (RGVIA). Russian military engineers made the plan in 1770, during the Russian military occupation of Moldavia in the Russo-Turkish War (1769-1774). Our research objectives are mainly to describe and publish that plan, outline the historical context in which it appeared and highlight its topographical information. The plan captures an area of about 250 km2, which includes the Roman town and 12 nearby villages. It depicts a geographical landscape with noticeable differences from the current one, especially in terms of the hydrographic network, and it shows the geographic forms, the roads, the structure of the town and the locations of ecclesiastical and military objectives. The Russian military plan of the town of Roman from 1770 can be considered the oldest topographical survey of this urban centre in Moldavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Kremlim’s Armoury Chamber (Oruzheinaja Palata), is kept a sword given to the tsar by Vasile Lupu, Prince of Moldavia. It was worked in Oriental style, with precious stones and a Damascus steel blade. In our contribution, we report about this sword and discuss other gifts sent from Moldavia to Moscow. The sword, along with other various gifts, arrived in Moscow in 1641 through a Moldavian named Eustatie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, we wrote about some Romanian embroideries that are kept today in Russian museums. Our contribution is tributary to the study of a remarkable Russian specialist, N. A. Maiasova, written in 1995, but unknown in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we will analyze three plans of the city of Bucharest found in the Military-Historical Archive of Moscow: a plan from 1828 made by Karl I. Stiernskanț after a drawing by Kuzmin N. Petrovici; a version of this plan, drawn up in ca. 1830 for the cabinet of General P. D. Kiseleff, appointed plenipotentiary president of the Romanian Principalities in 1829--1834; a plan made under the coordination of Lieutenant-Colonel Glebov in 1849--1850, when the city of Bucharest was under both Russian and Ottoman occupation. The three plans allow a better understanding: of the evolution of the capital of Wallachia in the first half of the nineteenth century; of how the city expanded; of the way in which the local patrimony, both secular and ecclesiastical, was enriched; of the administrative structure; and of how the town was managed during the Russian and Ottoman occupations. Moreover, these plans give us clues as to how the modernization process encompassed the city, to how the transition from wood to stone as a building material was achieved, and to how new institutions were introduced. Last but not least, the plans convey important information about the city's surroundings, over a fairly large area, the data being helpful not only to historians but also to geographers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During our research in Russia, we “discovered” a silver vessel of Moldavian origin located in Sankt Petersburg’s Russian Museum collection. It is a small vessel (porringer) made at the beginning of the 16th century. The one who had it made was “Stephen voivode, son of Bogdan voivode”. There were two princes with this name at the beginning of the 16th century in Moldavia: Stephen the Great and his nephew Stephen. We hypothesize how the vessel reached Poland and then Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During our scientific trips to Moscow, we found in the exhibition of the State History Museum, a panaghiar from Moldavia. Later, we found out that the panaghiar was commissioned by Ştefan Tomşa for Solca Monastery in 1623. In this study we report extensively on the discovery of the object, the technical data, noting some specific details, with reference to N. I. Troitsky’s 1907 study, the first researcher who drew attention to this remarkable liturgical vessel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into the Military-Historical Archive in Moscow has allowed the discovery of new plans for the city of Iaşi, i.e. two versions of already known plans and two unknown plans. Comparative analysis led to the re-dating of one of the plans, which had not been drawn in 1790, as previously thought, but in 1770-1771, when General Rumyantsev, in charge of the Russian army involved in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, was stationed in Iasi with five regiments. This plan includes new information about the palace of the prince, the city's fountains and aqueducts, churches, houses, streets and bridges etc. Additional useful data is provided by a new version of the 1789 plan, but mostly by two unknown plans, both made during the Russian occupation of 1828-1834. The 1828 plan is special because it is the first to apply the Lehmann method of graphic representation by hatching (slope hachures), which is why its cartographic perspective is superior to that of the previous plans. This is also the most comprehensive plan so far, giving researchers a much wider perspective on the topography of the city and its surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ivan Ivanovich was born in the family of Ivan III of Moscow and Maria Borisovna of Tver on February 15, 1458. He was the firstborn of the Great Prince of Moscow. In 1471, his father appointed him heir to the throne. The present study analyzes this event, which has been too little dealt with by historians. Ivan Ivanovich was in charge of administrative affairs. Thus, the author, in order to better understand the situation, researched the documents issued by his office. In 1482 he married Elena of Moldova, Stephen the Great's daughter. Ivan Ivanovich, however, never reigned alone. He died in 1490. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the 6th of June 1475, Stephen the Great of Moldavia wrote a letter to the Grand Prince of Moscow, Ivan III. In his letter the Moldavian prince called for help from the Moscow side against the pagans - Ottomans, Tatars - and against his neighbors. First, historians dated this letter to 1482-1484. The author closely analyzes the international situation described in the document and confirms its new dating to the year 1475. This hypothesis was first mentioned in a study authored by Ştefan Andreescu. The present study also closely investigates the relations between Moldavia and Moscow from 1475 to 1483, when Stephen's daughter, Elena, married Ivan Ivanovich the Young, son of the Moscow Grand Prince. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult for researchers to analyze the history of relations between Moldavia and Moscow, mostly because the Moldavian documents from old Moscow archives were lost to fire. It is known that the unfortunate destruction took place in the 17th century, but no one has ever described those documents or has spoken of their place of preservation. By using the opisi of the oldest Moscow archives—The Royal Archive and the Archives of the Posolski Prikaz—we show in this study that all Moldavian documents (except one) and the most precious Wallachian Posolski Books were lost in the fire of 1626. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study makes available to Romanian historiography important information about Stephen the Great's daughter, Elena, married in Moscow to Ivan Ivanovich (also known as Ivan the Young) on January 12, 1483. Elena fought for power for a long period of time after her husband's death in March 1490. Disfavored by her father-in-law, Ivan III, she died in prison on January 18, 1505. Till recently it has been believed that her grave from Ascension Monastery had been lost. Lately it has been shown, without doubt, that the earthly remains of Lady Helen are in sarcophagus No. 50 (the new No. Pn-34) located in the basement of the Archangel Cathedral from Moscow, where it was brought together with other such sarcophagi in 1929. It must be said that this study is a Romanian rendering of the information found in a new book edited by Tatiana Panova, Погребения XV - начала XVI века (Burials of the 15th and Early 16th Centuries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diplomatic relations between Moldavia and Moscow got stronger after the marriage between Elena, the daughter of Stephen the Great, and Ivan, the eldest son of Ivan III. The Grand Prince of Moscow sent countless envoys to Moldavia and only a few of them are known. Who were they ? How close were they to the Grand Prince and what influence they had at the court ? The author tried to answer these questions, based on the existing sources. The people who were sent to Moldavia on diplomatic missions were important landowners who were very close to the Grand Prince of Moscow. This shows, once again, the importance of Moldavia in the external politics of Ivan III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]