11 results on '"Cinthia, Silva-Vilches"'
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2. ATP and Its Metabolite Adenosine as Regulators of Dendritic Cell Activity
- Author
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Cinthia Silva-Vilches, Sabine Ring, and Karsten Mahnke
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dendritic cells ,adenosine ,CD73 ,tolerance ,ATP ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is a well-studied neurotransmitter, but it also exerts profound immune regulatory functions. Ado can (i) actively be released by various cells into the tissue environment and can (ii) be produced through the degradation of extracellular ATP by the concerted action of CD39 and CD73. In this sequence of events, the ectoenzyme CD39 degrades ATP into ADP and AMP, respectively, and CD73 catalyzes the last step leading to the production of Ado. Extracellular ATP acts as a “danger” signal and stimulates immune responses, i.e. by inflammasome activation. Its degradation product Ado on the other hand acts rather anti-inflammatory, as it down regulates functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and dampens T cell activation and cytokine secretion. Thus, the balance of proinflammatory ATP and anti-inflammatory Ado that is regulated by CD39+/CD73+ immune cells, is important for decision making on whether tolerance or immunity ensues. DCs express both ectoenzymes, enabling them to produce Ado from extracellular ATP by activity of CD73 and CD39 and thus allow dampening of the proinflammatory activity of adjacent leukocytes in the tissue. On the other hand, as most DCs express at least one out of four so far known Ado receptors (AdoR), DC derived Ado can also act back onto the DCs in an autocrine manner. This leads to suppression of DC functions that are normally involved in stimulating immune responses. Moreover, ATP and Ado production thereof acts as “find me” signal that guides cellular interactions of leukocytes during immune responses. In this review we will state the means by which Ado producing DCs are able to suppress immune responses and how extracellular Ado conditions DCs for their tolerizing properties.
- Published
- 2018
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3. Low doses of cholera toxin and its mediator cAMP induce CTLA-2 secretion by dendritic cells to enhance regulatory T cell conversion.
- Author
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Cinthia Silva-Vilches, Katrien Pletinckx, Miriam Lohnert, Vladimir Pavlovic, Diyaaeldin Ashour, Vini John, Emilia Vendelova, Susanne Kneitz, Jie Zhou, Rena Chen, Thomas Reinheckel, Thomas D Mueller, Jochen Bodem, and Manfred B Lutz
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Immature or semi-mature dendritic cells (DCs) represent tolerogenic maturation stages that can convert naive T cells into Foxp3+ induced regulatory T cells (iTreg). Here we found that murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) treated with cholera toxin (CT) matured by up-regulating MHC-II and costimulatory molecules using either high or low doses of CT (CThi, CTlo) or with cAMP, a known mediator CT signals. However, all three conditions also induced mRNA of both isoforms of the tolerogenic molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 2 (CTLA-2α and CTLA-2β). Only DCs matured under CThi conditions secreted IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23 leading to the instruction of Th17 cell polarization. In contrast, CTlo- or cAMP-DCs resembled semi-mature DCs and enhanced TGF-β-dependent Foxp3+ iTreg conversion. iTreg conversion could be reduced using siRNA blocking of CTLA-2 and reversely, addition of recombinant CTLA-2α increased iTreg conversion in vitro. Injection of CTlo- or cAMP-DCs exerted MOG peptide-specific protective effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by inducing Foxp3+ Tregs and reducing Th17 responses. Together, we identified CTLA-2 production by DCs as a novel tolerogenic mediator of TGF-β-mediated iTreg induction in vitro and in vivo. The CT-induced and cAMP-mediated up-regulation of CTLA-2 also may point to a novel immune evasion mechanism of Vibrio cholerae.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Topical Application of Adenosine A2-Type Receptor Agonists Prevents Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions in Mice by Affecting Skin Dendritic Cells
- Author
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Cinthia Silva-Vilches, Vanessa Bolduan, Mohamad Alabdullah, Kerstin Steinbrink, Hans Christian Probst, Alexander Enk, and Karsten Mahnke
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Cell Biology ,Dermatology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2023
5. Tumor-derived CCL20 affects B16 melanoma growth in mice
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Alexander Enk, Rainer Will, Cinthia Silva-Vilches, Anke S. Lonsdorf, and Diego Martin-Garcia
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Receptors, CCR6 ,0301 basic medicine ,Chemokine ,Skin Neoplasms ,Melanoma, Experimental ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Dermatology ,C-C chemokine receptor type 6 ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Flow cytometry ,Mice ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,neoplasms ,Molecular Biology ,Skin ,Mice, Knockout ,Tumor microenvironment ,Chemokine CCL20 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Melanoma ,hemic and immune systems ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,CCL20 ,030104 developmental biology ,Tumor progression ,Disease Progression ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Background Chemokine ligand-20 (CCL20) expressed in the epidermis is a potent impetus for the recruitment of CC-chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6)-expressing subsets of DCs, B-cells and memory T-cells into the skin. CCL20 and CCR6+ immune cells have been detected in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and several malignancies, including melanoma. Yet, the functional contribution of the CCR6/CCL20 axis for melanoma progression remains controversial. Objective The functional contribution of CCR6-expressing immune cell subsets and local CCL20 in the tumor microenvironment for the immune control of melanoma was studied. Methods Homeostatic and inducible CCL20 secretion of murine (B16, Ret) and human (A375, C32) melanoma cells was analyzed by ELISA. To assess the functional relevance of CCR6/CCL20 interactions on local tumor progression, prestimulated or retrovirally transduced B16/F1 melanoma cells overexpressing CCL20 (B16-CCL20) were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6 Wt mice and congenic CCR6-deficient (CCR6−/−) mice. Infiltrating leucocytes were examined by flow cytometry in tumors and draining lymph nodes (DLNs). Results Melanoma cell lines up-regulate CCL20 secretion upon stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. While only moderate changes in phenotype and composition of leucocytes were detected in advanced tumors and DLNs, mice injected with CCR6+ B16-CCL20 cells developed smaller tumors compared to B16-Control injected littermates, with CCR6-/- mice displaying the most pronounced reduction in tumor growth and incidence. Conclusion Our results suggest that CCR6/CCL20 interactions and individual independent effects of CCL20 and CCR6 in the microenvironment may be essential for melanoma progression and suggest a decisive role of this chemokine axis for melanoma pathogenesis beyond chemoattraction.
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- 2020
6. Topical Application of Adenosine A
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Cinthia, Silva-Vilches, Vanessa, Bolduan, Mohamad, Alabdullah, Kerstin, Steinbrink, Hans Christian, Probst, Alexander, Enk, and Karsten, Mahnke
- Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) produced by skin and skin migratory CD73
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- 2021
7. Production of Extracellular Adenosine by CD73+ Dendritic Cells Is Crucial for Induction of Tolerance in Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions
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Björn E. Clausen, Hansjörg Schild, Alexander Enk, Jürgen Schrader, Cinthia Silva-Vilches, Hans Christian Probst, Sabine Ring, Karsten Mahnke, and Felix Melchior
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0301 basic medicine ,Adenosine monophosphate ,Langerhans cell ,Regulatory T cell ,Transgene ,Cell Biology ,Dermatology ,Dendritic cell ,Biochemistry ,Adenosine ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Extracellular ,medicine ,Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ,Molecular Biology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) express the ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73 that generates immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado) by dephosphorylation of extracellular Ado monophosphate and diphosphate. To investigate whether CD73-derived Ado has immune-suppressive activity, 2,4-dinitrothiocyanobenzene (DNTB) was applied to skin of wild-type (WT) or CD73-deficient (CD73–/–) mice, followed by sensitization and challenge with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. In this model, we show the induction of tolerance by DNTB against 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene only in WT but not in CD73–/– mice. Analysis of skin DCs showed increased expression of CD73 after application of DNTB in WT mice. That was accompanied by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ado in the lymph node. Moreover, T cells expressed markers for anergy, namely EGR2 and NDRG1 in DNTB-treated WT mice and they exhibited impaired proliferation upon ex vivo re-stimulation. Similarly, in vitro we observed that Ado-producing WT DCs, but not CD73–/– DCs, rendered transgenic T cells from OTII mice (OTII T cells) hyporeactive, decreased their T-cell costimulatory signaling, and induced up-regulation of EGR2 and NDRG1. Thus, these data show that expression of CD73 by DCs, which triggers elevated levels of extracellular Ado, is a crucial mechanism for the induction of anergic T cells and tolerance.
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- 2019
8. Dermal CD207-Negative Migratory Dendritic Cells Are Fully Competent to Prime Protective, Skin Homing Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses
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Sabine Muth, Tobias Bopp, Cinthia Silva-Vilches, Markus P. Radsak, Julian Sohl, Felix Melchior, Georg Bündgen, Hela Weslati, Karsten Mahnke, Tobias Hain, Nadine Kamenjarin, Hans Christian Probst, Björn E. Clausen, Kristian Schütze, Hansjörg Schild, and Sven Danckwardt
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0301 basic medicine ,Langerhans cell ,Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ,Priming (immunology) ,Mice, Transgenic ,Vaccinia virus ,Dermatology ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Biology ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Biochemistry ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cross-Priming ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Molecular Biology ,Skin ,integumentary system ,Cluster of differentiation ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ,Cell Biology ,Dendritic cell ,Cell biology ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Langerhans Cells ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Skin Diseases, Viral ,biology.protein ,Immunologic Memory ,CD8 ,T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important inducers and regulators of T-cell responses. They are able to activate and modulate the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In the skin, there are at least five phenotypically distinct DC subpopulations that can be distinguished by differential expression of the cell surface markers CD207, CD103, and CD11b. Previous studies have suggested that dermal CD11b−CD207+ conventional type 1 DCs are indispensable for the priming of a skin homing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. However, conventional type 1 DCs are also the only skin DC subset capable of cross-presenting exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I. Thus, it remained unclear whether for antigens that do not require cross-presentation, such as viruses that infect DCs, other DC subtypes in the skin can contribute to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte priming. To address this question, we used a transgenic mouse model that allows inducible expression and presentation of a model antigen on selected subsets of dermal DCs. We show that for antigens presented via the conventional major histocompatibility complex class I presentation pathway, CD207– dermal DCs are fully competent to prime a skin homing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response that is capable of protection against a local virus challenge and gives rise to skin resident memory CD8+ T cells.
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- 2019
9. Expression of CD73 slows down migration of skin dendritic cells, affecting the sensitization phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice
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Karsten Mahnke, Sabine Ring, Alexander Enk, A. Neuberger, Jürgen Schrader, and Cinthia Silva-Vilches
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0301 basic medicine ,Adenosine ,Langerin ,T-Lymphocytes ,Motility ,Picryl Chloride ,Dermatology ,GPI-Linked Proteins ,Biochemistry ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Cell Movement ,Extracellular ,medicine ,Animals ,Lectins, C-Type ,5'-Nucleotidase ,Molecular Biology ,Cells, Cultured ,Sensitization ,Skin ,Mice, Knockout ,integumentary system ,biology ,Chemistry ,Wild type ,Dendritic Cells ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Mannose-Binding Lectins ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antigens, Surface ,Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Lymph Nodes ,Haptens ,Hapten ,030215 immunology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Application of haptens to the skin induces release of immune stimulatory ATP into the extracellular space. This “danger” signal can be converted to immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO) by the action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, expressed by skin and immune cells. Thus, the expression and regulation of CD73 by skin derived cells may have crucial influence on the outcome of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions. Objective To investigate the role of CD73 expression during 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) induced CHS reactions. Methods Wild type (wt) and CD73 deficient mice were subjected to TNCB induced CHS. In the different mouse strains the resulting ear swelling reaction was recorded along with a detailed phenotypic analysis of the skin migrating subsets of dendritic cells (DC). Results In CD73 deficient animals the motility of DC was higher as compared to wt animals and in particular after sensitization we found increased migration of Langerin + DC from skin to draining lymph nodes (LN). In the TNCB model this led to a stronger sensitization as indicated by increased frequency of interferon-γ producing T cells in the LN and an increased ear thickness after challenge. Conclusion CD73 derived ADO production slows down migration of Langerin + DC from skin to LN. This may be a crucial mechanism to avoid over boarding immune reactions against haptens.
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- 2017
10. Production of Extracellular Adenosine by CD73
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Cinthia, Silva-Vilches, Sabine, Ring, Jürgen, Schrader, Björn E, Clausen, Hans-Christian, Probst, Felix, Melchior, Hansjörg, Schild, Alexander, Enk, and Karsten, Mahnke
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Mice, Knockout ,Adenosine ,Dendritic Cells ,Flow Cytometry ,GPI-Linked Proteins ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Disease Models, Animal ,Mice ,Random Allocation ,Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ,Immune Tolerance ,Animals ,5'-Nucleotidase ,Cells, Cultured - Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) express the ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73 that generates immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado) by dephosphorylation of extracellular Ado monophosphate and diphosphate. To investigate whether CD73-derived Ado has immune-suppressive activity, 2,4-dinitrothiocyanobenzene (DNTB) was applied to skin of wild-type (WT) or CD73-deficient (CD73
- Published
- 2018
11. 347 Regulated expression of CD73 by subsets of dendritic cells in skin is crucial for modulating contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice
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Karsten Mahnke, A. Neuberger, Alexander Enk, Cinthia Silva-Vilches, and Sabine Ring
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Expression (architecture) ,Chemistry ,Immunology ,Contact hypersensitivity ,Cell Biology ,Dermatology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2017
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