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This Deliverable is aimed to report on the evaluation work made by the External Evaluation Panel and by the EC Independent Observer (IO), for the full final Proposals submitted to the Step-2 Joint Trans-National Call (JTC) of the ERA-PLANET programme. This Deliverable integrates information given in Deliverable 3.3 'Report on Review at the Step-2'.

La presente relazione riguarda la compilazione dell'inventario delle emissioni per l'Aeroporto di Fiumicino per l'anno di riferimento 2015. Lo studio analizza le principali sorgenti che interessano l'aerea aeroportuale, incluso il traffico indotto, e propone per ciascuna sorgente una metodologia di calcolo specifica. Tale metodologia si basa sulle informazioni disponibili, che essendo a volte carenti, e congiuntamente alla complessità dei parametri considerati, possono portare a stime con un fattore di incertezza. Per valutare il grado di incertezza, in alcuni casi, è stata effettuata una stima con un metodo alternativo, in modo da confrontare le stime così ottenute. E' noto che le attività antropiche danno origine ad una molteplicità di composti inquinanti. In questa sede si stimano solo alcuni di essi, che hanno effetti sulla salute e sull'ambiente. In particolare sono stati considerati i seguenti inquinanti: monossido di carbonio (CO), metano (CH4), ossidi di azoto (NOx), ossidi di zolfo (SOx), composti organici volatili (VOCs), composti organici volatili non-metanici (NMVOCs), ammoniaca (NH3), polveri (PM) nelle frazioni PM2.5 e PM10, anidride carbonica (CO2) e vapore (H2O). Ad esclusione delle emissioni provenienti dal ciclo Landing Take-off (LTO) degli aeromobili, che risultano essere di gran lunga predominanti, le emissioni di CO ed NOx maggiormente rilevanti sono risultate essere quelle prodotte dalle attività dei mezzi di supporto (lato air-side) e dalle attività di produzione dei conglomerati. Le emissioni di particolato invece sono predominanti in quelle attività connesse alla costruzione del nuovo molo aeroportuale.

This Deliverable is aimed to report on formal and duly signed commitment on availability of funds (the so called in-kind co-fund) by Beneficiaries and to show figures on approved projects under Strands 1, 2, 3 and 4.

The First Periodic Technical Report explain the work carried out during the First reporting period (Month 1- Month 17) of ERA-PLANET project, in line with the Annex 1 to the Grant Agreement and include an overview of the project results towards the objective of the action in line with the structure of the Annex 1 to the Grant Agreement including summary of deliverables and milestones, and a summary of exploitable results and an explanation about how they can be exploited. ERA-PLANET "the European Network for Observing our Changing Planet" is an ERA-NET Co-fund action under the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (Grant Agreement number 689443), which aims to strengthen the coordination of European research programmes in the field of Earth Observation (EO), within the Group on Earth Observations (GEO, https://www.earthobservations.org/index.php) and the European Earth observation Copernicus programme (www.copernicus.eu).

This Deliverable is aimed to report on the evaluation work made by the External Evaluation Panel for the Full Final Proposals submitted for Step-2 Joint Trans-National Call (JTC) of the ERA-PLANET programme.

This Deliverable is aimed to prepare a guidance for the Expert Panel(s) that will evaluate ERA-PLANET proposals submitted for Step-1 and Step-2 of the Joint Transnational Call (JTC). This document will give a short overview on objectives of ERA-PLANET, targets to be reached, necessary achievements and how to address challenges by means of proposal submitted within the JTC.

Report on the Project Objectives and inception meeting held in Brussels on 16th February 2016

This Deliverable reports cumulative expenditure incurred in ERA-PLANET from 01/02/2016 to 31/12/2016, following Article 20.5 of the Grant Agreement.

The purpose of the risk management plan is to describe how risk management will be structured and performed in the ERA-PLANET project along its lifetime. This document outlines policies and procedures for identifying and handling uncommon cause of project risks.

Effects of long-term water shortage on Mediterranean pine forests: lessons from two experiments carried out in Southern Italy. A synthesis is presented of two studies carried out on the effects of imposed water shortage in two Mediterranean pine stands growing in Southern Italy, highlighting how physiological responses and structural acclimation can combine in the overall response of mature pine trees to long-term drought. The impact of a severe reduction in water availability on the water relations, transpiration and growth of 50-yearold Pinus halepensis trees (growing along the Ionian coast, Puglia, experiment 1) and 35-year-old Pinus laricio trees (growing in Sila, Calabria, experiment 2) was studied in two replicated experiments, in which the water available to trees was restricted by suspending a `roof' made up by transparent polyethylene sheet. The experimental effects were followed for 12 months in experiment 1 and for 36 months in experiment 2, comparing ‘covered’ plots and ‘uncovered’ control plots. In experiment 1 trees experienced a severe water stress during the experimental period; a direct and rapid impact of drought was evident on the water relations and gas exchanges; there was an evident decrease of predawn water potential and transpiration was strongly reduced by stomatal closure (short-term physiological adjustment). A few months after the removal of the covering, no difference in whole plant hydraulic resistance was observed between droughted and control trees. Needle and shoot elongation and stem radial growth were considerably reduced in droughted trees, but no strategy of trees to allocate carbon preferentially to the stem conducting tissues was apparent throughout the experiment. In experiment 2, albeit rather extreme at the first sight, the treatment resulted in a realistic simulations of water availability as predicted by climate change scenarios; a 35% reduction in terms of timber yield and a 30% reduction of leaf area was estimated over the experiment in covered plots; however, the reduction of radial growth over the three years translated into a mere 2% reduction in sapwood area, so that a shift of resources from leaves to sapwood was apparent after three years (structural adjustment). As for the effect of treatment on transpiration, a 43% reduction of transpiration was observed in covered trees over the summer, but recovering to the same control values was measured over the autumn when, due to differences in leaf area, leaf specific transpiration was greater in covered trees; no significant differences was found for leaf hydraulic resistance and minimum daily values of water potential between covered and control plots; this suggests that stomatal closure was effective in counterbalancing the effects of soil dryness, maintaining minimum water potential values rather constant (homeostasis of water potential), largely decoupled from predawn water potential (isohydric behaviour).

Global mercury emission inventories include anthropogenic emissions, contributing via current use or presence of mercury in a variety of products and processes, as well as natural source emissions. These inventories neglect the contribution of areas contaminated with mercury from historical accumulation, which surround mines or production plants associated with mercury production or use. Although recent studies have shown that releases of mercury from these historical sites can be significant, a database of the global distribution of mercury contaminated sites does not exist, nor are there means of scaling up such releases to estimate fluxes on a regional and global basis. Therefore, here we estimated for the first time the contribution of mercury releases from contaminated sites to the global mercury budget. A geo-referenced database was built, comprising over 3000 mercury contaminated sites associated with mercury mining, precious metal processing, non-ferrous metal production and various polluted industrial sites. In the assessment, mercury releases from these sites to both the atmosphere as well as the hydrosphere were considered based on data available for selected case studies, their number, the reported extent of contamination and geographical location. Annual average global emissions of mercury from identified contaminated sites amount to 198 (137-260) Mg yr-1. Of that, 82 (70-95) Mg yr-1 contribute to atmospheric releases, while 116 (67-165) Mg yr-1 is estimated to be transported away from these sites by hydrological processes. Although these estimates are associated with large uncertainties, our current understanding of mercury releases from contaminated sites indicates that these releases can also be of paramount importance on the global perspective. This is especially important as it is known that these sites represent a long-term source of releases if not managed properly. Therefore, the information presented here is needed by governments and NGO's in order to re-focus resources in making decisions regarding mitigation and remediation strategies on a global level.

The aim of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date overview of the major processes and mechanisms affecting the dynamics of mercury in the atmosphere and at the interfaces with other ecosystems. Understanding of Hg transformations in the atmosphere and major removal processes are dealt with in Section 3.2. Sections 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 detail the measurements that have been made and compile the available information. The results of current modelling efforts towards an understanding of atmospheric processes at regional and global scales are detailed in Sections 3.6 and 3.7. The chapter concludes with a list of new findings on atmospheric pathways, transport and fate and an overview of research gaps and areas for future studies.

This chapter describes the application of the EGIDA Methodology to the use-case Hot-spot pollution in the Mediterranean. After giving an overview of the general objective of the KnowSeas project (an EU FP7) adopted as use-case, the chapter describes the transfer process applied to this use-case. Networking activities and Technical Activities were widely discussed showing weakness and strengths, enabling the EGIDA Methodology assessment. Lesson learned, points discovered and recommendations for new or existing guidelines are finally discussed.

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) adopted in 2008 aims to protect the marine environment through the holistic Ecosystem Approach (EA). The MSFD requires Member States to develop and implement cost-effective measures to achieve and/or maintain "Good Environmental Status" (GEnS). To this end, interested parties require a large amount of data and this data should be appropriately managed. This is particularly true for EA applications, where data can come from diverse sources, in diverse formats, and from several disciplines. Preliminary steps for supporting reliable multi-disciplinary analysis include data collection, data management, and the implementation of an interoperable sharing system. In an effort to implement this type of multidisciplinary analysis, a working group from the KnowSeas project (www.knowseas.com) created a Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Mediterranean Sea, designed to define and analyze the GEnS concept across various geographical scales. This article describes the implementation of this SDI, demonstrating how an interoperable system can provide strong support in implementing the MSFD under the EA, and how marine spatial planning can assist policymakers in the decision making process.

Applications for atmospheric pollution monitoring and modelling are fundamental tools to develop environmental policies oriented to control and possibly reduce the impact of pollution on ecosystems and human health. However, differences among monitoring systems and data availability are an important limitation in environmental management. In order to standardize protocols and procedures, the EU directives (e.g. INSPIRE, Air Quality Directive) and international programs (i.e. GEOSS) have oriented the community towards developing interoperable standardized systems that assure real time data analysis and dissemination. To coordinate national earth and cross-disciplinary systems for promoting GEOSS and to support the INSPIRE implementation, the GIIDA (Integrated and Interoperable Management of Environmental Data) project was launched. Within GIIDA the working group on air quality was instructed to develop an interoperable system for air quality information management. The system is based on open-source tools compliant with standards and designed to develop a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), which will contain information collected at ground-based as well as at off-shore monitoring sites. This infrastructure aims to store, mine and visualize information. The SDI will support modelling activities and environmental assessments for different scenarios in order to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pollution ecosystems and human health. In this paper we discuss the application of the IT framework and methodologies for the SDI development, which was built on open-source components: Postgis for data storage, Geoserver to export services and GeoNetwork for metadata generation. Finally, we describe the ICT pluggable framework GeoInt, which was developed to simplify the SDI component's complexity for end users by supporting data input from different sources, as well as metadata management

Currently, there is no coordinated global observational network for mercury that could be used by the modelling community or to establish recommendations to protect human health and ecosystems on a global scale. Current national/regional monitoring networks are inadequate for a global scale assessment. Recognizing that TGM and Hg in wet deposition are spatially heterogeneous, several studies have aimed to set up monitoring networks in order to compare trends between sites in the same region, between regions, and to determine the influence of local and regional emission sources. There is also interest in understanding the processes that contribute to Hg variability on a diurnal, weekly, seasonal, and annual basis. It is important to stress that the measurement of Hg by itself is not sufficient to improve our understanding of Hg sources and impacts. Measurements of other key atmospheric constituents at the global monitoring sites are necessary to develop a better understanding of the global redistribution of Hg, and to further refine the parameterisation of key processes in global and regional atmospheric mercury models. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) is a five year project (2010-2015), funded by the European Commission 7th Framework Programme (DG Research); it is aimed to establish a worldwide observation system for the measurement of atmospheric mercury in ambient air and precipitation samples. GMOS will include ground-based monitoring stations, shipboard measurements over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and European Seas, as well as aircraft-based measurements in the UTLS. GMOS is part of UNEP F&T, GEOSS, and UNECE-TF HTAP and will benefit and will cooperate with on-going monitoring programs in Europe, North America and Asia (i.e., EMEP, AMNet, CAMNet). The specific objectives of GMOS are: a)To establish a Global Observation System for Mercury able to provide ambient concentrations and deposition fluxes of mercury species around the world, by combining observations from permanent ground-based stations, and from oceanographic and tropospheric measurement campaigns. b)To validate regional and global scale atmospheric mercury modelling systems able to predict the temporal variations and spatial distributions of ambient concentrations of atmospheric mercury, and Hg fluxes to and from terrestrial and aquatic receptors. c)To evaluate and identify source-receptor relationships at country scale and their temporal trends for current and projected scenarios of mercury emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. d)To develop interoperable tools to allow the sharing of observational and models output data produced by GMOS, for the purposes of research and policy development and implementation as well as at enabling societal benefits of Earth observations, including advances in scientific understanding in the nine Societal Benefit Areas (SBA) established in GEOSS.

An interesting feature of mercury biogeochemistry in the Mediterranean is that several fish species from the Mediterranean show higher concentrations of Hg than same fish species in the Atlantic ocean, although the concentrations of total-Hg in the open waters of both oceans are similar. Elevated Hg levels have been noted in environmental matrices from the Mediterranean regions adjacent to known mercury anomalies, yet, the data do not clearly indicate that these contaminated sites have contributed to open waters or to lower trophic level species. Recent studies indicated that the main source of MeHg in organisms in the coastal areas is related to methylation in sediments, while net mercury methylation in the open ocean occurs in the water column and is linked to organic matter regeneration promoted by the presence of small-sized nano- and picophytoplankton, that dominate under oligotrophic conditions. Relatively large portion of mercury in waters is present as dissolved gaseous Hg, originating from photochemical, biologically mediated mechanisms and/ or diff usion from deeper layer either due to biological and/or to tectonic activity which is typical of the Mediterranean region. Recent studies on distribution and cycling of Hg and a mass balance were implemented. It was shown that the total-Hg exchanges at the straits are not unbalanced, while mercury entering the western Mediterranean is mainly in inorganic Hg forms and is exported to the Atlantic partially as methylated species. It has been shown that exchange with the atmosphere is the most important source/sink of Hg for the water compartment. Measurements have shown that the evasion of Hg varied between the different seasons with the highest evasion during the autumn and an estimate of yearly evasion from the Mediterranean Sea surface was 77 tons. Based on policy target scenarios and integrated models developed, it is expected that Hg concentration in the Mediterranean will decrease by 2020 for about 3 to 12% as compared to 2005. Based on mercury measured in sea food, it was indicated that a consumption of certain fish species may pose a health risk. A review of health related studies in the Mediterranean, particularly the effects of prenatal Hg exposure through fish consumption on neurodevelopment, will be presented and discussed in the light of inconsistencies found in similar studies around the world. Any fish advisories should carefully be balanced against the benefit of the fish consumption in the region.

Applications for atmospheric pollution monitoring and modelling are fundamental tools to develop environmental policies oriented to control and possibly reduce pollution impact on both ecosystems and human health. However, spatial and temporal discrepancies (in terms of acquisition, transmission, storage and resolution) among systems monitoring very different environments is an important limitation in environmental management. In order to standardize protocols and procedures, the EU directives (i.e. INSPIRE, Air Quality Directive) and international programs (i.e. GEOSS) have oriented the scientific community to develop advanced interoperable systems able to assure data integration for real time analysis and dissemination within the scientific community as well as to stakeholders and policy makers. To coordinate national earth and cross-disciplinary systems for promoting GEOSS and to support the INSPIRE implementation, CNR promoted the GIIDA project (Integrated and Interoperable Management of Environmental Data). Among the GIIDA working groups, that on air quality is addressed to develop an interoperable system for air quality information management and dissemination at national level. The system is based on open-source tools compliant with standards (WMS, WFS, CSW....) and oriented to develop an integrated system (i.e. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)) that facilitate data storage, mining and visualization. The SDI (see figure) contains information on air quality collected at ground-based monitoring sites as well as at off-shore sites. It will support modelling activities and environmental assessments for different scenarios aiming at the evaluation of the impact of atmospheric pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and human health. As processes of data input, classification (through metadata), publishing and visualization are fundamental steps of a SDI implementation, an integrated and simple tool is required. Here we discuss the application of the IT framework and methodologies to build the SDI for air quality management and the development of a ICT pluggable framework (GeoInt), which was proposed in order to integrate data, metadata and measures from different sources and to hide to final users the SDI complexity. GeoInt is a framework developed as Web Application and deployed in a Servlet Container providing to final user a friendly user interface to SDI. In addition, it is a wrapper for complex tools like PostGis and GeoServer.

Our recent findings show that mercury emissions from natural sources and re-emission from aquatic and terrestrial surfaces are significantly higher than the mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources. On an annual basis, natural sources account for 5207 Mg of mercury released to the global atmosphere, including the contribution from re-emission processes, which are emissions of previously deposited mercury originating from anthropogenic and natural sources, and primary emissions from natural reservoirs. Anthropogenic sources, which include a large number of industrial point sources, are estimated to account for 2320 Mg of mercury emitted annually. Therefore, our current estimate of global mercury emissions suggests that within the overall contribution (7527 Mg ), as much as two thirds of the total emissions originate from natural sources and re-emission fields. This may have clear repercussions on the necessity of investing a lot of money and reduce emissions from coal combustion and from other anthropogenic sources as we do not have any idea to handle mercury emission from natural sources, which are two times higher than that generated by various human activities.

This chapter reviews global mercury emission estimates published in recent years, and describes relative contributions from major anthropogenic and natural sources as well as from natural ecosystem-driven processes (re-emissions/recycling). The assessment of historical and current emissions for both anthropogenic and natural source categories is supplemented by scenario evaluations for the target years of 2025 and 2050.

Atmospheric pollution monitoring and modelling applications are fundamental tools for developing environmental policies oriented to control and possibly reduce its impact on ecosystems and human health. However, discrepancies among monitoring systems in terms of spatial and temporal differences and data availability for very different ecosystems are an important limitation in environmental management. In order to standardise protocols and procedure the EU directives (e.g. INSPIRE, Air Quality Directive) and international programs (i.e. GEOSS) have oriented the scientific community to develop advanced interoperable systems able to assure real time data analysis and dissemination within the scientific community as well as to stakeholders and policy makers. To coordinate national earth and cross-disciplinary systems for promoting GEOSS and to support INSPIRE implementation, CNR promoted the GIIDA project (Integrated and Interoperable Management of Environmental Data). Among the various working groups active within GIIDA, that on air quality is addressed develop an interoperable system for air quality information management and dissemination. The system that has been developed in the GIIDA framework is based on open-source tools compliant with European standards and oriented to develop an integrated system that facilitate data storage, data mining and visualization. In our case PostGIS, a de facto standard open source geographic database, was used for data storage. PostGIS was linked to Geoserver, a Web Map Server hosted in a Servlet Container (Tomcat), that export WMS Services with data contained in the database. GeoNetwork was used for discovering the data exported; it also offers a complete tool for adding metadata compliant to INSPIRE directive (ISO 19115, ISO 19139). Stored and discovered information is finally rendered through Intermap, a tool for WMS layer visualization exported from Geoserver. The Spatial Data Infrastructure will holds information on air quality, collected new data sets related at ground-based monitoring sites as well as at off-shore sites. It will support modelling activities and environmental assessments for different case studies aiming to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and human health.

Mercury is released to the atmosphere from a large number of man-made sources which include fossil fuel fired power plants, ferrous and non-ferrous metals manufacturing processes, chemicals production, processing of ores and waste disposal facilities and cement plants. Among them, emis-sion from mobile sources has been reported as an important source for which there are few estimates (EPA, 1997). However, recent studies in the United States indicate that the overall emission quantities are relatively small compared to many other categories. This work provides a global assessment, disaggregated by country, on mercury emission from pe-troleum fuel consumption for 2000 by considering emission factors reported by Landis et al. (2004) and the world consumption of petrol and diesel (IEA, 2006). Petrol combustion contributed 238 kg yr-1 (121-281 kg yr-1) to mercury emissions while diesel contributed 140 kg yr-1 (71-209). The total mercury emission was around 378 kg yr-1 (192-564 kg yr-1) with a growing trend due to the increase of gasoline and diesel consumption. The global contribution to atmospheric mercury emission from petroleum fuel combustion repre-sented 0.015% of the total anthropogenic emissions. It should be kept in mind that these estimates are very conservative because not all countries are reported in the EIA database and because fuel consumption in the shipping industry and for military use is not included in the database

This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of global mercury emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources at country and regional/continental scale. The information reported in Chapters 2-8 is the basis of the assessment reported in this chapter, however, emissions data related to sources and regions not reported in chapters 2-8 have been derived, to the extent possible, from the most recent peer-reviewed literature and from official technical reports. Natural sources, which include the contribution from oceans and other surface waters, rocks, top soils and vegetation, volcanoes and other geothermal activities and biomass burning are estimated to release annually about 5207 Mg of mercury, part of which represent previously deposited anthropogenic and natural mercury from the atmosphere to ecosystem-receptors due to historic releases and part is a new contribution from natural reservoirs. Current anthropogenic sources, which include a large number of industrial point sources are estimated to release about 2917 Mg of mercury on an annual basis, the major contribution is from fossil fuel-fired power plants (1422 Mg yr-1), artisanal small scale gold mining (400 Mg yr-1), waste disposal (187 Mg yr-1), non-ferrous metals manufacturing (310 Mg yr-1) and cement production (236 Mg yr-1). Our current estimate of global emissions suggest that summing up the contribution from natural and anthropogenic sources nearly 8124 Mg of mercury is released annually to the global atmosphere. The evaluation of global emissions presented in this report differs from previous published assessments because in the past, emissions from several sources, i.e., forest fires and coal-bed fires have not been accounted for, and also because of improved knowledge of some anthropogenic and natural sources (i.e., emissions from oceans, vegetation) as suggested by the most up-to-date literature.

Improved information on emissions, particularly in Europe and North America, have contributed to further progress in the assessment of the regional impacts of mercury on terrestrial and aquatic envi-ronments (Pirrone et al., 2001), devoted to the preparation of legislative measures aimed to phase out the use of mercury in goods and industrial applications and reduce to the extent possible mer-cury emissions to the atmosphere. In 2002 UNEP Chemicals released the first assessment (Global Mercury Assessment Report, GMA) on global mercury contamination (UNEP, 2002), while in 2008 the report on "Global Atmospheric Mercury Assessment: Sources, Emissions and Transport", the result of the UNEP Governing Council's decision 24/3 I, reported the most updated information by including detailed assessments on China and India, which are the fastest growing economies, as well as for South Africa (Street et al., 2008; Feng et al., 2008; Mukherjee et al, 2008; Leaner et al., 2008). On the other hand, some fundamental sectors that release mercury to the atmosphere are not well documented (i.e. artisanal gold mining, coal-bed fires, biomass burning). In addition, a few inventories have been published under the UNEP-Global Partnership for Mercury Air Transport and Fate Research (UNEP-MFTP) (i.e. Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Cambodia, Paki-stan, The Philippines, Syria and Yemen) as an important step toward mercury pollution assessment and identification of possible ways of dealing with any adverse impacts. The effort and work which has gone into the assessments mentioned above and the pressing nature of mercury contamination means that the international community should not procrastinate but push for the development of a unified emissions inventory based on national inventories, expert assess-ments and the most advanced information techniques.

This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of global mercury emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources at country and regional/continental scale. The information reported in Chapters 2-8 is the basis of the assessment reported in this chapter, however, emissions data related to sources and regions not reported in chapters 2-8 have been derived, to the extent possible, from the most recent peer-reviewed literature and from official technical reports. Natural sources, which include the contribution from oceans and other surface waters, rocks, top soils and vegetation, volcanoes and other geothermal activities and biomass burning are estimated to release annually about 5207 Mg of mercury, part of which represent previously deposited anthropogenic and natural mercury from the atmosphere to ecosystem-receptors due to historic releases and part is a new contribution from natural reservoirs. Current anthropogenic sources, which include a large number of industrial point sources are estimated to release about 2917 Mg of mercury on an annual basis, the major contribution is from fossil fuel-fired power plants (1422 Mg yr-1), artisanal small scale gold mining (400 Mg yr-1), waste disposal (187 Mg yr-1), non-ferrous metals manufacturing (310 Mg yr-1) and cement production (236 Mg yr-1). Our current estimate of global emissions suggest that summing up the contribution from natural and anthropogenic sources nearly 8124 Mg of mercury is released annually to the global atmosphere. The evaluation of global emissions presented in this report differs from previous published assessments because in the past, emissions from several sources, i.e., forest fires and coal-bed fires have not been accounted for, and also because of improved knowledge of some anthropogenic and natural sources (i.e., emissions from oceans, vegetation) as suggested by the most up-to-date literature.

Vengono riportati i risultati scaturiti da esperimenti di manipolazione idrica in pinete ubicate nell'Italia meridionale. La prima pineta di pino d'Aleppo è ubicata a livello del mare, la seconda sull'altopiano della Sila ad una altitudine di 1000 m. s.l.m.

Rapporto finale relativo all'attività svolta nel progetto "Sviluppo di un sistema integrato per la gestione del patrimonio forestale e per salvaguardarne la funzionalità ecologica (GESFO)" Programma Operativo Regionale Misura 3.16 - Sistema Regionale per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione. Regione Calabria, Fondi Strutturali 2000 - 2006