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Urbanization as a global tendency continuously imposes an issue about smart solutions that make life comfortable , safe and environmentally friendly in cities. It is a challenge to transform a city into a smart and sustainable, with the aim to be adaptive enough to address the challenges of the future and to react to innovative or unexpected developments. Smart sustainable city concept is still evolving and meets with different perceptions of technological, environmental, economic and social relations. Therefore, this paper aims to deliver possible basis for the functioning of a smart and sustainable city in the so-called "smartization" process. Smart technologies that asses, monitor and manage data and processes in space are widely discussed. This research is based on a holistic approach in order to show that a successful transformation with clear progress can be achieved by implementing smart technologies with sustainable monitoring process and by integrating the main stake-holders to make the path to smartness successful for all people involved. In that manner cities are accelerating their transformation towards sustainable objectives, creating cleaner, cooperative places which fosters use of resources more efficiently and is flexible to future changes and innovations.

The purpose of the paper was to investigate the attitudes and perceptions of young people about the fast food restaurants in Serbia, with the special emphasis to the elements of corporate social responsibility (brand, nutritional values, ethical values and the quality of food), and to show the extent to which these products are represented in their daily diet. Data were collected from February to June 2019 between students of the University of Belgrade and Novi Sad, and between young people at high schools in Belgrade and Novi Sad (Serbia). A total sample consisted of 1145 young consumers. It was evident that the values and preferences of the target group of the leading fast food restaurants have changed, in the already developed market as well as in the developing ones, such as Serbia. The paper presents empirical results of using the services of fast food restaurants in Serbia by the younger population, as well as their perception of corporate social responsibility, with the special emphasis to the restaurants of McDonald's and KFC.

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed numerous, lasting adverse effects on the global tourism industry. At the same time, it exposed the competitive advantages that existing smart tourism infrastructure could provide for addressing urgent health issues and providing meaningful smart services. This paper initially provides examples of smart geospatial services based on COVID-19 pandemic-related data, such as algorithms for measuring social distancing through CCTV and proximity contract tracing protocols and applications. Indeed, smart destinations, as an evolutionary step of smart cities, very quickly became a practical and research framework in various other disciplines, from leisure and service-oriented to technical and geospatial domains. However, various technologies employed and interests of different stockholders create a constant need for rescaling of smart data to facilitate their usability in providing optimized smart tourism services. One of the pressing concerns is the functional alignment of geospatial data with tourism-related data. Thus, we aim to pinpoint the growing importance of smart geospatial services, by pointing to the main downturn of the current smart destination issue with geospatial data resolutions, and, by building upon the relations of the geospatial layer of data with the tourism-specific layer. To this end, we pinpoint two further research directions - reinvestigating spatial and temporal resolution as a core of data smartness and the need for contextual (tourism-oriented) scaling of smart technology. This could be of keen interest in post-pandemic tourism, where smart geospatial services will be of pressing concern, but also it still an issue to be resolved in further smart destination development.

For decades, the hotel industry has turned to technological innovations that raise its quality of services. In hotel industry, technologies redefined and re-formulated the service process in an innovative way. This paper aims to determine the status and level of knowledge of the currently available information technology (IT) systems, to determine the understanding of future IT opportunities and conditions in the hotel industry by employees, but also to gain understanding of IT requirements from their perspective in the near future. The paper also deals with issues related to the use of e-marketing in general, as well as in interaction with clients. The research has shown that hotel employees in Serbia have a positive attitude when it comes to the use and importance of information communication technologies. In addition, there is understanding for future IT opportunities and conditions in the hotel industry by employees. In the field of e-marketing, the results showed that it is possible to distinguish three important factors that influence the implementation of e-marketing practices in the hotel industry. This confirms the assumption that hotels in Serbia have accepted and that their business is to a certain extent based on e-marketing.

Constantly changing nature of social network sites creates the need for continuous process of online benchmarking for identifying practices used by other parties. Facebook as the most used SNS still plays an increasingly important role as a marketing channel for destination marketing organizations (DMO). This paper explores basic characteristics of the official DMO Facebook Pages in order to quantify and present those characteristics in a regional context on the case of two travel markets (EU countries and U.S. states). The results show inconsistent practices in the EU and the USA. When comparing those two markets most similarities in practices are present in general usage of Facebook Pages, while indicative differences are recorded in terms of Page popularity, some posts' characteristics and most evidently in users' engagement. Understanding the Facebook usage practice under the regional spotlight can help DMOs and other service providers to evaluate their activities and if necessary to harmonize it to regional usage practice.

Universities are institutions where new ideas are developed, new technologies are created, new ways for improving the existing business, economic and other models are explored and developed. Universities are adjusting to the recent changes in the economic environment, and the expectations regarding their contribution to innovation and economic development. They are forced on diversifying their revenue sources, in order to become more efficient and to direct their resources towards greater commercialization of knowledge. As a response, universities are encouraged to become more 'entrepreneurial' and cooperate with the industry sector. Entrepreneurial universities have proved to be the organisations where risktaking is an expected situation when new practices are initiated, and where entrepreneurship is often perceived as implementing an innovative practice in a commercial stage of managing the profit. New universities should be organized so as to reduce the level of bureaucracy that characterizes public organizations and support the commercialization of the ideas generated at universities. Therefore, in this paper, the authors analyse the relationship between the University of Novi Sad (Serbia) and the industry sector, as well as the way in which the employees at the university participate in this cooperation.

A more complete climate image of a site is obtained by analyzing bioclimatic indicators. In this paper, an analysis of the physiological sense of heat in the territory of the city of Kragujevac was presented. Bioclimatic considerations are based on the equivalent temperature, which represents the combined influence of air temperature and water vapor pressure. Based on these two climatic elements, the corresponding equations and the Krüger anthropo-climatic classifications, three climate types and nine physiological sensations of heat for the territory of the city of Kragujevac were isolated. Their significance in bioclimatology is that they cause different sensations of heat in healthy and sick people, and can serve as the basis for the expected types of bioclimate during the year. Urban areas are areas of higher population concentration to which the climate elements act stimulating or, on the contrary, discouraging, which depends on the person's health. For the needs of this work, a thirty-year climate period (1981-2010) was analyzed based on the data obtained from the weather station Kragujevac. There are significant historical and tourist sites and natural resources in the city and its surroundings, which can be valorized complementarily. Analyzed values of equivalent temperatures can be used for the planning of tourist activities and in means of tourist propaganda. For this purpose, this work can be a solid bioclimatic basis.

Spatial autocorrelation methodologies can be used to reveal patterns and temporal changes of different spatial variables, including tourism arrivals. The research adopts a GIS-based approach to spatially analyse tourist arrivals in Serbia, using Global Moran's I and Anselin's Local Moran's I statistics applied on the level of municipalities. To assess feasibility of this approach the article discusses spatial changes of tourist arrivals in order to identify potentially significant trends of interest for tourism development policy in Serbia. There is a significant spatial inequality in the distribution of tourism arrivals in Serbia that is not adequately addressed in tourism development plans. The results of global autocorrelation suggest the existence of low and decreasing spatial clustering for domestic tourist arrivals and high, relatively stable spatial clustering for international tourists. Local autocorrelation statistics revealed different of domestic and international tourism arrivals. In order to assess feasibility of this approach these results are discussed in their significance to tourism development policy in Serbia.

The idea of protecting geological heritage in Serbia occurred in late XIX and early XX century, but not until mid-90s began the systematic separation of ob¬jects, their evaluation and proposal for protection. As a country abound in natural resources and geographical diversity, Serbia represents an attractive destination for geotourism development. In the last few years have become available innovative techniques and tools supported by geographic information systems (GIS), which have left their mark in the presentation of geological data and geological heritage management. In this paper, in addition to theoretical considerations of geological terms such as geodiversity, geological heritage and geotourism, in a certain examples are analyzed the possibility of GIS technology application in geological and geomor¬phological research. Besides that, the emphasis is given on the application and sig¬nificance of geological resources portal in Serbia (GeoIISS). Portal represents the basis for the geological storage of data in digital form, a review of existing data and easier managing, as well as creating interactive queries. In this way, users have the possibil¬ity to conduct the analysis of spatial data, update data, maps, and display the results.

There is fierce competition among destinations in attracting a greater number of international congresses, both on the international market of congress tourism and, particularly, in Europe. The number of destinations that have recognized the benefits of this kind of tourism is continuously growing, while simultaneously contributing to the infrastructure of congress tourism by providing substantial funds necessary for the development of congress tourism. The aim of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of two popular European congress destinations, Belgrade and Prague, regarding congress and accommodation facilities in both cities, and characteristics of the congress industry. The analysis is based on the data obtained from the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) database and from the data acquired by the Convention Bureau of Belgrade and Prague. The results have shown that the congress tourism of Prague is at the significantly higher level of development in comparison to Belgrade. Ergo, our capital has to continue improving its offer as regards congress tourism, in order to become competitive with both, the European and global congress market. These research results can be useful to tourist organizations, destination management companies, convention bureaus, hotels and business event organizers with the aim of improving congress tourism not only in Belgrade, but beyond that, on the territory of the entire Republic of Serbia as well.

To make tourism enterprises function harmoniously and in order to achieve good business results, knowledgeable, engaged, service-oriented, and therefore satisfied staff is crucial, because human resources are one of the most important segments of the service quality in tourism and hospitality industry. The study explored moderating effects of education on relationships between service orientation and work engagement on employees' job satisfaction among employees in the hotel industry in Serbia. The moderating effects of education are particularly noticeable between service orientation and job satisfaction. Also, the results indicated that employees who had a high school degree showed the lowest level of job satisfaction, as well as service orientation and work engagement. On the other side, employees who have tourism education indicated less job satisfaction, service orientation and work engagement. Based on the insight into the employees' attitudes and behavior, managers can organize various training programs especially for employees with lower education levels, to remove any obstacles in their work, motivate them more and improve working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of this research were twofold: firstly, to evaluate tourists' perception of Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve, one of the four significant protected areas within the Serbian part of Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve, and secondly, to identify the motivations behind tourists' visits to wetlands and their overall satisfaction with the visits. In addition, this study was also focused on the relationships between aforementioned constructs and tourists' socio-demographic characteristics and visit characteristics. Finally, this study attempts to address the relationships between tourists' motives for their visit, their image perception and satisfaction. The research findings showed that each of the three remaining factors had significant relationships with Satisfaction and experience. The research was conducted in the form of the survey in the period between May 2020 and April 2022 on the sample of 216 visitors. The research findings showed that each of three remaining factors had significant relationships with Satisfaction and experience. Relationships are also found between identified improvement requirements, Motivation for spending time particularly in wetlands, and perceived biodiversity image. Finally, there are significant relationships between duration of the visit with Satisfaction and experience and Motivation for spending time in nature and future behavior. Practical implications of the research results might be beneficial for managers of wetland destinations, in order to improve the offer in line with tourists' preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist destinations around the world are trying to cope with the needs of visitors, which are very susceptible to change. Nowadays, tourists are becoming more sophisticated and knowledgeable; their needs for extensive and diverse experiences increasing. As opposed to the destinations whose tourism development depends on the natural resources that are difficult to influence and whose business is susceptible to the negative impacts of seasonality, destinations of city and cultural tourism have more space to design their offers and contents that can satisfy the needs of travelers of the modern age. Content that can make a destination unique and well known, is the cultural heritage created in the Art Nouveau style. The Vienna secession architectural masterpieces can represent major tourist attractions in some destinations. For example, many attractive tourist cities such as Aveiro, Barcelona, Prague and Hamburg tourists visit just in order to feel and experience these works of art. For this reason, it is very important to point out Art Nouveau as an essential part of the cultural heritage of the destination and enable informing and introducing tourists with this valuable tourism potential. The initial hypothesis of this paper is that Aveiro has authentic cultural heritage in the Art Nouveau style that enriches the tourist offer of the city and that attracts a certain segment of the tourism market. The aim of the paper is to examine the participation and influence of Art Nouveau heritage in the tourism industry of Aveiro.

The aim of this study is to explore a tourist preference towards information-communication technologies (ICTs) use at large-scale events, as well as disadvantages of insufficient ICTs implementation. In addition, we highlighted the importance of ICT usage on large-scale events for achieving smart tourism agenda. The importance and performance analysis of 38 attributes related to usage of ICTs at EXIT, a well-known European music festival held annually in Novi Sad (Serbia), was conducted. By employing an exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were extracted. The results show that the "level of smartness" of EXIT festival is relatively low. Furthermore, some advanced smart applications do not necessarily match tourists' needs and interests, while festival organizers should focus on more basic online information access. Festival should make an optimal use of smart tourism facilities by offering the right smart tourism devices and services, enabling tourists to meet smart technologies on time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key factors for success of sustainable tourism industry in all areas, including rural, is the support of community members. The paper aims to analyze how rural residents’ perceptions of sustainable tourism development (expressed through economic, social, environmental, and physical benefits) can affect residents’ intentions to support tourism. The second aim was to determine if attachment to the particular community and perceived quality of life can have influence on attitudes towards sustainable development of tourism in rural communities. Using a sample of 881 residents living in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia, the results highlighted that perceived values of tourism were important for evaluating how tourism is developed, if it is sustainable for a community, and how it affects quality of residents’ life. The study provided better understanding of factors that can have impact on residents’ attitudes in relation to tourism and highlighted the importance of paying attention to local community as significant player for tourism development, especially in those regions that want to boost its economy by developing sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]