Search

The Cis tricornis species-group is restricted to the American continent and has five described species, one Nearctic and four Neotropical. Here we describe two new Neotropical species of the group: Cis caipora Borlini & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov. (Costa Rica); and Cis guarani Borlini & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov. (South and Southeast regions of Brazil).

Cis caipora Borlini & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov. Figs 1–13 Etymology. "Caipora" is a Brazilian folkloric character. For the Tupi-Guarani people, Caipora is a female entity who lives in dense forests as a guardian of animals, protecting them from hunters. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Cis caipora is unique among described species in the tricornis group, including C. guarani sp. nov. described below, in the markedly dual elytral punctation (Figs 1–2, 5). Cis caipora is morphologically most similar to C. guarani sp. nov., differing in the microreticulate pronotum (Fig. 5), males with disc of the first abdominal ventrite tumid at the anterior portion (Fig. 2), and females with baculi of proctiger longer than the gonocoxites and gonostyli together (Fig. 13). In C. caipora, the body is longer than that of C. amazonicus (TL 0.78–1.20 mm), C. delicatulus (TL ~ 1.20 mm) and C. tricornis (0.75–1.00 mm); and Cis miles has comparatively denser and deeper punctation on pronotum and elytra. In males of C. caipora and C. guarani the pronotal plate is shallowly emarginate, forming two short lateral horns when seen from above (Fig. 1), while in males of C. amazonicus, C. delicatulus, C. miles and C. tricornis the anterior pronotal plate is broadly and deeply emarginate, forming two long lateral horns when seen from above; males of C. nasicornis lack conspicuous pronotal projections. Description. Holotype. Adult in good condition. Measurements in mm: TL 1.47; PL 0.59; PW 0.80; EL 0.88; EW 0.82; GD 0.7. Ratios: PL/PW 0.74; EL/EW 1.07; EL/PL 1.49; GD/EW 0.85; TL/EW 1.79. Body convex, suboval, ventral and dorsal surface yellowish brown; cephalic horn, antennae, palpi and tarsi light yellowish brown, except for dark antennal club; dorsal vestiture of very minute decumbent setae barely visible even at high magnification; ventral vestiture of decumbent slender setae. Head concealed by pronotal plate, except for anterocephalic edge; anterocephalic edge strongly projected upward forming a horn (Figs 2, 4), 1.76x longer than wide, with decumbent short setae; apical edge of horn slightly curved inward, with rounded corners; dorsum microreticulate, punctate; venter convex, with some punctures; gula 0.54x as wide as head (measured in a dissected paratype from Heredia), with gular structures broadly bowed; submentum narrow, barely delimited. Antennae with 10 antennomeres, as follows (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.06; 0.04; 0.04; 0.03; 0.02; 0.02; 0.01; 0.04; 0.05; 0.07 (FL 0.12; CL 0.16; FL/CL 1.33). Eyes with subcircular contour; coarsely facetted, each with about 60 ommatidia; GW 0.13 mm. Pronotum 1.4x wider than long; sides arcuate; anterolateral corners rounded, not projected forward; lateral margins barely explanate, simple (not crenulate), visible for their entire lengths when seen from above; anterior edge projected forward as a plate; corners of plate projected forward as short triangular horns with acute apex (Fig. 1); anterior area between horns, impressed, forming conspicuous concavity; punctation single (Figs 1, 5); punctures separated from each other by approximately two to three puncture-widths; interspaces of punctures microreticulate; vestiture indiscernible, consisting of minute light-coloured setae. Scutellar shield subtriangular; smooth; punctation, fine; BW 0.09 mm. Elytra suboval; punctation markedly dual, denser than that on pronotum (Fig. 5); macropunctures apparently aligned (subseriate), more evident on first two-thirds of elytra; each macropuncture lacking a seta; each micropuncture with one minute light-coloured seta; interspaces of punctures smooth; humeral calli conspicuous. Metathoracic wings fully developed. Hypomera markedly microreticulate, inconspicuously punctate; punctures sparse, shallow, each with one slender seta. Prosternum in front of coxae short, markedly microreticulate, impunctate; disc with slender setae, carinate at the longitudinal midline. Prosternal process narrow (but not laminate; Fig. 3), about 1.5x as long as prosternum at disc; with sparse slender setae. Protibiae expanded to apex, 3.1x as long as wide; slender setae regularly distributed at most of their lengths, but concentrated at inner edge; inner apical angle with a row of spines; outer edge straight, lacking spines; outer apical angle projected as an acute tooth. Meso-and metatibiae barely expanded to apex, more than 3x as long as wide; with regularly distributed slender setae; outer edge straight, without spines; outer apical angle not projected; apical edge with a row of spines. Metaventrite microreticulate, with long slender setae; discrimen very short. Abdominal ventrites microreticulate, with regularly distributed long slender setae; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.22; 0.06; 0.06; 0.07; 0.08; first abdominal ventrite tumid at disc at the anterior portion (more conspicuous in lateral view; Fig. 2), with a large, marginated setose sex patch (Fig. 6, arrow; length, 0.06 mm; width, 0.04 mm) closest to the posterior margin. Male abdominal terminalia in paratypes (Figs 7–10) as follows: sternite VIII (Fig. 7) very membranous, posterior edge with broad V-shape emargination at middle, forming two lobes with slender setae at their apices; basal piece (Fig. 8) membranous, about 0.2x the length of tegmen; tegmen (Fig. 9) about twice as long as wide (at the widest portion), lateral margins sinuous, apical portion about 2x as wide as base, emarginate at middle forming two lateral lobes with rounded apices, each inner edge of the emargination with one conspicuous protuberance (Fig. 9, arrow); penis (Fig. 10) about 5x as long as wide, subparallel-sided, slightly tapered to apex, about 0.6x as long as tegmen. Females. Without cephalic and pronotal projections (Fig. 11). Anterior edges of head and pronotum broadly rounded. Eyes visible from above. Gula smaller than in males, 0.44x as wide as head (female from Turrialba dissected); submentum narrow, barely discernible. First abdominal ventrite not tumid at disc and setose patch absent. Female abdominal terminalia (Figs 12–13) as follows: VIII sternite (Fig. 12) width about 0.8x the length of spiculum ventrale, posterior edge slightly sinuous (but not emarginate), posterior corners with long slender setae; paraprocts (Fig. 13) slightly shorter than gonocoxites and gonostyli together; baculi of proctiger (Fig. 13) about twice as long as baculi of paraprocts; gonocoxites (Fig. 13) transversely divided forming two folds at each side, with pair of gonostyli about one-third the length of gonocoxites together. Type Series. Holotype: (FMNH) \Turrialba COSTA RICA VIII-28-66 \ J.F.Lawrence Lot 1845 \ Robin Andrews Collector \ ex Polyporus supinus \ Cis caipora Borlini & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS [red paper]. Paratypes: 4♁♁ and 3♀♀ (2♁♁, 2♀♀ CELC; 2♁♁, 1♀ FMNH), same data as the holotype; 5♁♁ and 8♀♀ (3♁♁ and 4♀♀ CELC; 2♁♁ and 4♀♀ FMNH) “C. RICA: Heredia Finca La Selva May-June. 1974 M. Thayer, coll. \ J. F. Lawrence Lot 3628 \ ex Polyporus supinus ”. Variation. Measurements and ratios: Males, measurements in mm (n = 10): TL 1.26–1.59 (1.48 ± 0.10), PL 0.49–0.66 (0.58 ±0.05), PW 0.65–0.88 (0.08 ± 0.06), EL 0.77–0.96 (0.90 ± 0.06), EW 0.70–0.91 (0.83 ± 0.06), GD 0.62–0.76 (0.70 ± 0.04), PL/PW 0.70–0.76 (0.73 ± 0.02), EL/EW 1.06–1.12 (1.08 ± 0.03), EL/PL 1.40–1.67 (1.55 ± 0.10), GD/EW 0.80–0.89 (0.84 ± 0.03), TL/EW 1.70–1.82 (1.78 ± 0.04). Females, measurements in mm (n = 11): TL 1.41–1.58 (1.51 ± 0.05), PL 0.54–0.63 (0.58 ± 0.03), PW 0.71–0.81 (0.77 ± 0.03), EL 0.88–1.00 (0.93 ± 0.04), EW 0.71–0.90 (0.82 ± 0.05), GD 0.68–0.74 (0.71 ± 0.02), PL/PW 0.66–0.81 (0.75 ± 0.04), EL/EW 0.97–1.27 (1.13 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.48–1.77 (1.61 ± 0.09), GD/EW 0.81–0.96 (0.86 ± 0.04), TL/EW 1.57–2.07 (1.84 ± 0.12). Distribution. Known from only two localities within Costa Rica: “Finca La Selva”, probably La Selva Biological Station (Sarapiquí canton, Heredia province); and Turrialba, probably referring to the Turrialba district within the Turrialba canton (Cartago province). Host fungi. Fomitella supina (Sw.) Murrill (Polyporaceae; 2 breeding records).

Cis guarani Borlini & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov. Figs 14–26 Etymology. Guarani are a group of indigenous peoples of South America, who originally lived in parts of Argentina, Paraguay, and in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Cis guarani is morphologically most similar to C. caipora sp. nov., differing in the pronotum smooth on disc (Figs 14, 18), males with the first abdominal ventrite not tumid at disc, and females with baculi of proctiger shorter than the gonocoxites and gonostyli together (Fig. 26). In C. guarani, the body is usually longer than that of C. amazonicus (TL 0.78–1.20 mm), C. delicatulus (TL ~ 1.20 mm) and C. tricornis (0.75–1.00 mm); and Cis miles has comparatively denser and deeper punctation on pronotum and elytra. In males of C. caipora and C. guarani the pronotal plate is shallowly emarginate, forming two short lateral horns when seen from above (Fig. 14), while in males of C. amazonicus, C. delicatulus, C. miles and C. tricornis the anterior pronotal plate is broadly and deeply emarginate, forming two long lateral horns when seen from above; males of C. nasicornis lack conspicuous pronotal projections. Description. Holotype. Adult in good condition, but right posterior leg glued on another triangle mounted at the same pin. Measurements in mm: TL 1.56; PL 0.63; PW 0.83; EL 0.93; EW 0.83; GD 0.70. Ratios: PL/PW 0.76; EL/ EW 1.12; EL/PL 1.47; GD/EW 0.84; TL/EW 1.88. Body convex, suboval; dorsal surface yellowish brown; ventral surface light yellowish brown; horns, antennae, palpi and tarsi light yellowish brown, except for dark antennal club; dorsal vestiture of very minute decumbent setae, barely visible even in high magnifications; ventral vestiture of decumbent slender setae. Head concealed by pronotal plate, except for anterocephalic edge; anterocephalic edge strongly projected forming a horn (Figs 15, 17), 1.6x longer than wide, bearing decumbent short setae; apical edge of horn slightly curved inward, with rounded corners; dorsum microreticulate, punctate; venter convex, with some minute punctures; gula 0.52x as wide as head (measured in a dissected paratype from Rio Grande do Sul), with gular structures broadly bowed; submentum narrow, barely delimited. Antennae with 10 antennomeres, as follows (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.07; 0.05; 0.04; 0.03; 0.02; 0.02; 0.01; 0.04; 0.05; 0.07 (FL 0.12; CL 0.16; CL/FL 1.33). Eyes with subcircular contour; coarsely facetted, each with about 60 ommatidia; GW 0.12 mm. Pronotum 1.3x as long as wide, sides arcuate; anterolateral corners rounded, not projected forward; lateral margins barely explanate, simple (not crenulate), visible for their entire lengths when seen from above; anterior edge projected forward as a plate; corners of plate projected forward as short triangular horns with acute apex (Fig. 14); anterior area, between horns, impressed, forming conspicuous concavity; punctation fine, single (Figs 14, 18); punctures separated from each other by approximately three to four puncture-widths; interspaces of punctures smooth on disc and microreticulate close to edges; vestiture indiscernible, consisting of minute light-coloured setae. Scutellar shield subtriangular; microreticulate; impunctate; BW 0.07 mm. Elytra suboval; punctation indistinctly dual (usually noticeable as single, but in magnifications>100x there are slight differences among punctures, and macro- and micropunctures can be distinguished), confuse, finer and denser than that on pronotum (Figs 14, 18); each macropuncture lacking a seta; interspaces of punctures smooth; each micropuncture with one minute light-coloured seta (~ 0.006 mm); humeral calli conspicuous. Metathoracic wings fully developed. Hypomera markedly microreticulate, inconspicuously punctate; punctures sparse, shallow, each one slender seta. Prosternum in front of coxae short, microreticulate, impunctate; disc with slender setae, carinate at the longitudinal midline. Prosternal process narrow (but not laminate, Fig. 16), about 1.5x as long as prosternum at disc; with sparse slender setae. Protibiae expanded to apex, 3x as long as wide (widest portion without tooth); slender setae regularly distributed at most of their lengths, but concentrated at inner edge; inner apical angle with a row of spines; outer edge straight, without spines; outer apical angle projected as an acute tooth. Meso-and metatibiae barely expanded to apex, 3x as long as wide, with regularly distributed slender setae; outer edge straight, lacking spines; outer apical angle not projected; apical edge with a row of spines. Metaventrite microreticulate; disc with long slender setae; discrimen indiscernible. Abdominal ventrites microreticulate; with regularly distributed long slender setae; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.22; 0.07; 0.06; 0.07; 0.08; first abdominal ventrite with a large, marginated setose sex patch (Fig. 19, arrow; length, 0.06 mm; width, 0.06 mm). Male abdominal terminalia in a paratype (Figs 20–23) as follows: sternite VIII (Fig. 20) very membranous, posterior edge with broad U-shaped emargination at middle, forming two lobes with slender setae at their apices; basal piece (Fig. 21) membranous, about 0.4x the length of tegmen; tegmen (Fig. 22) about 3x as long as wide, lateral margins slightly sinuous, apical portion with V-shaped emargination at middle forming two short lateral lobes with rounded apices; penis (Fig. 23) about 4.5x as long as wide, straight-sided, apical portion subtriangular, apex acute, about 0.9x as long as tegmen. Females. Without cephalic and pronotal projections (Fig. 24). Anterocephalic edge microreticulate, not projected, but slightly emarginate at middle forming two rounded and very short plates. Anterior pronotal edge broadly rounded. Head with single punctation, with short and decumbent setae. Gula smaller than that of males, 0.40x as wide as head (female from Rio Grande do Sul dissected); submentum barely visible. Elytral and pronotal punctation similar to those of male. First abdominal ventrite lacking sex patch. Female abdominal terminalia (Figs 25–26) as follows: VIII sternite (Fig. 25) as wide as length of spiculum ventrale, posterior edge emarginate at middle forming two lobes with slender setae at their apices; paraprocts (Fig. 26) about 0.8x the length of gonocoxites and gonostyli together; baculi of proctiger (Fig. 26) about as long as baculi of paraprocts; gonocoxites (Fig. 26) transversely divided forming two folds at each side, with pair of gonostyli about one-third the length of gonocoxites together. Type Series. Holotype (CELC): \ BRASIL: RS, Canela, “Área CEEE” [29º22’45”S e 50º43’47”W] 28.xi.2015; A. G. Mezzomo, leg. \ Cis guarani Borlini & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS [red paper]\. Paratypes: 9♁♁ and 4♀♀ (1♁ and 1♀ CAMB; 7♁♁ and 2♀♀ CELC; 1♁ and 1♀ CERPE) “Brasil: RS, Canela “Área CEEE” [29º22’45”S e 50º43’47”W] 28.xi.2015; A. G. Mezzomo, leg. \ Trametes membranacea \ B304; 4♁♁ and 2♀♀ (CELC) “ Brasil: RS, Canela “Área CEEE” [29º22’45”S e 50º43’47”W] 22.x.2015; A. G. Mezzomo, leg. \ Trametes membranacea \ B243; 2♁♁ and 2♀♀ (CELC) “BRASIL: ES,Atílio Vivacqua 15.iv.2007 K. S. Furieri leg”. All paratypes additionally labeled \ Cis guarani Borlini & Lopes-Andrade PARATYPUS [yellow paper]\. Variation. Measurements and ratios: Males, measurements in mm (n = 13): TL 1.17–1.56 (1.33 ± 0.11), PL 0.45–0.63 (0.51 ± 0.05), PW 0.62–0.83 (0.68 ± 0.06), EL 0.70–0.95 (0.82 ± 0.07), EW 0.63–0.83 (0.73 ± 0.05), GD 0.51–0.70 (0.60 ± 0.05), PL/PW 0.71–0.79 (0.75 ± 0.03), EL/EW 1.05–1.21 (1.12 ± 0.05), EL/PL 1.48–1.79 (1.62 ± 0.11), GD/EW 0.73–0.89 (0.83 ± 0.04), TL/EW 1.73–1.89 (1.83 ± 0.06). Females, measurements in mm (n = 7): TL 1.37–1.53 (1.43 ± 0.03), PL 0.50–0.59 (0.54 ± 0.03), PW 0.66–0.79 (0.73 ± 0.05), EL 1.00–0.82 (0.89 ± 0.06), EW 0.72–0.85 (0.79 ± 0.05), GD 0.55–0.70 (0.63 ± 0.05), PL/PW 0.69–0.83 (0.75 ± 0.05), EL/EW 1.06–1.27 (1.13 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.49–1.89 (1.65 ± 0.13), GD/EW 0.76–0.83 (0.80 ± 0.03), TL/EW 1.71–1.94 (1.82 ± 0.08). Distribution. Known from only two localities within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome: Canela, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (South region of Brazil); and Atílio Vivacqua, in the state of Espírito Santo (Southeast region of Brazil). Host fungi. Trametes membranaceae (Sw.) Kreisel (Polyporaceae; two records, of which one is a breeding record)., Published as part of Borlini, Paula Vieira & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2023, Two new Neotropical species of the Cis tricornis species-group (Coleoptera Ciidae), pp. 565-572 in Zootaxa 5277 (3) on pages 569-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7890253

Syncosmetus wuliangensis sp. nov. Figs. 1–8 Chinese vernacular name: ƮḆğ木ϕφ Type material. HOLOTYPE: CHINA: male, “China: Yunnan, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Nanjian County, Wuliang Mountain, 24°45′1″N, 100°30′11″E, 2350 m, 03.viii.2020, leg. Ji-Shan Xu, Da-Rui Mo & Juan Shao”. PARATYPES: CHINA: 2 males, same data as the holotype. Diagnosis. This species differs from all known Syncosmetus species by pronotum lacking a sulcus at longitudinal midline (present in all known species); sides of pronotum narrow, barely visible from above; first and second longitudinal keels united close to elytral base; second and third keels united at their apices (in Sy. japonicus, first and second keels united, second and third keels not united; in Sy. euryale, Sy. medusa and Sy. stheno, first, second and third keels not united; in Sy. perseus, first and second keels not united, second and third keels united). Description. Male (Figs. 1–8). Fully pigmented adult (hind legs lost), measurements in mm: TL 1.52, PL 0.62, PW 0.75, EL 0.87, EW 0.97, GD 0.81. Ratios: PL/PW 0.83, EL/EW 0.90, EL/PL 1.40, GD/EW 0.84, TL/EW 1.57. Body rounded, extremely convex, mostly blueish black; antennae, palpi and legs brownish yellow; dorsal with minute setae, ventral with minute setae as long as dorsal. Head with several minute setae; punctation coarse and shallow, the surface between punctures microreticulate; vertex with a median knob. Antennae (Fig. 4) bearing ten antennomeres with the following lengths (in mm, right antenna measured): 0.09, 0.04, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.06 (FL 0.13 mm, CL 0.13 mm, CL/FL 1.00). Compound Eyes coarsely facetted, each bearing approximately 30 ommatidia; GW 0.11 mm. Pronotum with coarse and deep punctures bearing minute setae; the surface between punctures microreticulate (best seen in lateral view); longitudinal midline without a sulcus; anterior edge broadly rounded; sides explanate but usually narrow, weakly crenulate, barely visible from above; posterior edge with coarse and shallow punctures. Scutellar shield very small, barely discernible; BW 0.03 mm. Elytra tightly locked but not fused, punctation coarse and deep, without minute setae, and the surface between punctures smooth; each elytron with four longitudinal keels (excluding the median keel), bearing thin and sparse setae; each elytron with first longitudinal keel extending to about the middle of elytral edge; first and second keels united close to elytral base; second and third keels united at their apices (Fig. 2, arrow). Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave, without punctures, wrinkled, extremely tumid at middle, bearing a longitudinal carina; sides with thin and long setae; prosternal process laminate, extending to posterior edge of procoxal cavity. Mesoventrite in front of coxae biconcave, with thin and long setae; mesoventrital process extending to half the length of mesocoxal cavity. Metaventrite tumid at middle, bearing a longitudinal carina; punctation shallow at longitudinal carina; sides with deep and rounded punctures, bearing minute setae. Protibia not expanded, three times as long as broad; inner margin with a conspicuous tuft of long bristles at the apical third; apical edge with a row of spines. Meso- and metatibia ( Fig. 5, right hind leg of a holotype ) not expanded, five times as long as broad; outer edge with several sparse spines; apical edge with a row of spines and several setae. Abdominal ventrites with coarse punctures, concentrated at the anterior portion of each ventrite; abdominal ventrites I–II with punctation visible and abdominal ventrites III–V with punctation barely visible, length of the ventrites (in mm) as follows: 0.22, 0.06, 0.05, 0.07, 0.15; first abdominal ventrite bearing a circular, weakly margined setose sex patch at its center, with a transverse diameter of 0.02 mm. Male abdominal terminalia in a paratype (Figs. 6–8) (sternite VIII damaged during dissection, so not described): Tegmen (Fig. 7) long, rounded apically, with a pair of processes in the apical third, and subparallel laterally in basal two-thirds. Penis (Fig. 8) flat, sclerotized laterally, membranous in the middle. Female. Unknown. Measurements. Males (n = 3, including the holotype; in mm): TL 1.52–1.78 (1.63 ± 0.11); PL 0.62–0.67 (0.64 ± 0.02); PW 0.75–0.84 (0.79 ± 0.04); EL 0.87–1.07 (0.97± 0.08); EW 0.97–1.13 (1.03 ± 0.07); GD 0.81–0.97 (0.89 ± 0.07). Ratios: PL/PW 0.80–0.84 (0.82 ± 0.02); EL/EW 0.90–0.96 (0.93 ± 0.03); EL/PL 1.40–1.60 (1.50 ± 0.08); GD/EW 0.84–0.88 (0.86 ± 0.02); TL/EW 1.57–1.84 (1.73 ± 0.12). Distribution. Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China. Host fungi. Unidentified Polyporaceae. Etymology. The specific name ‘ wuliangensis’ is taken from the type locality, Wuliang Mountain.

Key to Chinese transition zone and Oriental species of Syncosmetus Sharp, 1891 (adults) Updated from Lopes-Andrade (2008) and Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov (2015) 1 Body elongate; elytra with longitudinal keels weak.................................... Sy. reticulatus Miyatake, 1985 - Body rounded; elytra with longitudinal keels prominent....................................................... 2 2 Pronotum with sides broad, visible for their entire lengths from above........................................... 3 - Pronotum with sides narrow, partly visible their lengths from above............................................. 5 3 Each elytron first and second keels united at their base, second and third keels not united at their apices................................................................................................. Sy. japonicus Sharp, 1891 - Each elytron first and second keels not united at their base, second and third keels united or not united at their apices...... 4 4 Each elytron second and third keels not united at their apices............. Sy. euryale Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015 - Each elytron second and third keels united at their apices............... Sy. perseus Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015 5 Pronotum with longitudinal sulcus at midline; each elytron first and second keels not united at their base, second and third keels not united at their apices................................................................................ 6 - Pronotum without longitudinal sulcus at midline; each elytron first and second keels united at their base, second and third keels united at their apices................................................................ Sy. wuliangensis sp. nov. 6 Pronotum with broad longitudinal sulcus at midline, lateral edges usually broad................................................................................................. Sy. medusa Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015 - Pronotum with narrow longitudinal sulcus at midline, lateral edges usually narrow............................................................................................... Sy. stheno Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015, Published as part of Mo, Da-Rui & Xu, Ji-Shan, 2022, Two new species of the tribe Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 5219 (3) on page 296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5219.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7417529, {"references":["Lopes-Andrade, C. (2008) An essay on the tribe Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae). Zootaxa, 1832 (1), 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1832.1.1","Lopes-Andrade, C. & Grebennikov, V. V. (2015) First record and five new species of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from China, with online DNA barcode library of the family. Zootaxa, 4006 (3), 463 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4006.3.3"]}

Key to Australian and Oriental species of Scolytocis Blair, 1928 (adults) Updated from Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade (2017) 1 Metatibiae with outer edge straight to barely rounded, usually with a clear distinction between outer and apical edges; spines of outer edge separated by one spine-width or more. If distinction of outer and apical edges of metatibiae is not clear, then TL less than 1.16 mm..................................................................................... 6 - Metatibiae with outer edge broadly rounded, without a distinction between outer and apical edges; spines of outer edge very close to each other at apical half and TL at least 1.26 mm...................................................... 2 2 Apical antennomere of club longer than preceding two antennomeres together..................................... 5 - Apical antennomere of club shorter than preceding two antennomeres together.................................... 3 3 Prosternum with a conspicuous longitudinal carina in front of coxae. TL less than 1.40 mm. Known from the Philippines........................................................................ Sc. philippinensis Lopes-Andrade, 2008 - Prosternum devoid of a longitudinal carina in front of coxae. Known from Southwest China.......................... 4 4 First abdominal ventrite of the male with a sex patch. TL more than 2.1 mm. Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan, China....................................................................... Sc. danae Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015 - First abdominal ventrite of the male devoid of sex patch. TL less than 2.1 mm. Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China.......................................................................................... Sc. multispinus sp. nov. 5 Prosternum biconcave. TL more than 1.70 mm. Known from the Philippines........... Sc. thayerae Lopes-Andrade, 2008 - Prosternum concave. TL less than 1.70 mm. Known from Fiji..................... Sc. zimmermani Lopes-Andrade, 2008 6 Pronotum with a rugose border along the posterior edge....................................................... 9 - Pronotum lacking a rugose border along the posterior edge, the surface similar to that of pronotal disc.................. 7 7 CL/FL at least 1.80. Known from Malaysia..................................... Sc. malayanus Lopes-Andrade, 2008 - CL/FL 1.60 or less.................................................................................... 8 8 Metatibiae with a clear distinction between outer and apical edges; outer edge straight and bearing few spines (usually three). Known from Samoa and Guam....................................................... Sc. samoensis Blair, 1928 - Metatibiae without a clear distinction between outer and apical edges); outer edge slightly rounded and bearing much more than three spines. Known from the Pohnpei Island (Micronesia)......... Sc. insularis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2017 9 Pronotum with interspaces of punctures smooth. Known from Australia............................................................................................ Sc. australimontensis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2017 - Pronotum with interspaces of punctures microreticulate...................................................... 10 10 Posterior pronotal edge with a narrow rugose border. Metaventrite bearing a conspicuous and long discrimen. Known from the Philippines................................................................ Sc. werneri Lopes-Andrade, 2008 - Posterior pronotal edge with a broad rugose border. Discrimen short, not reaching the middle of metaventrite. Known from Northern New Zealand................................................. Sc. novaezelandiae Lopes-Andrade, 2008, Published as part of Mo, Da-Rui & Xu, Ji-Shan, 2022, Two new species of the tribe Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 5219 (3) on page 298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5219.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7417529, {"references":["Souza-Goncalves, I. & Lopes-Andrade, C. (2017) Taxonomy of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from the Australian and Oriental regions with descriptions of new species of Scolytocis and Xylographella. Zoologia, 34, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 34. e 13730","Lopes-Andrade, C. (2008) An essay on the tribe Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae). Zootaxa, 1832 (1), 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1832.1.1","Lopes-Andrade, C. & Grebennikov, V. V. (2015) First record and five new species of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from China, with online DNA barcode library of the family. Zootaxa, 4006 (3), 463 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4006.3.3"]}

Two new species of the tribe Xylographellini, Syncosmetus wuliangensis sp. nov. and Scolytocis multispinus sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, China. Key to all known species of the genus Syncosmetus, and the key to the Australian and Oriental species of the genus Scolytocis are updated to include the two new species.

Scolytocis multispinus sp. nov. Figs. 9–18 Chinese vernacular name: Øḏffiff木&straightphi;φ Type material (21exx.). HOLOTYPE: CHINA: male, “China: Yunnan, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Nanjian County, Wuliang Mountain, 24°45′1″N, 100°30′1″E, 2350 m, 03.viii.2020, leg. Ji-Shan Xu, Da-Rui Mo & Juan Shao”. PARATYPES : CHINA: 8 males, 12 females, same data as the holotype. Diagnosis. The species belongs to the zimmermani species-group characterized by tibiae expanded to the middle, with the outer edge broadly rounded and with spines very close to each other at the apical half. The species differs from Sc. danae (Yunnan, China) by body size (Sc. danae > 2.40 mm, Sc. multispinus sp. nov. < 2.00 mm) and first abdominal ventrite of the male devoid of sex patch. It differs from Sc. thayerae and Sc. zimmermani by head and pronotum without cuticular globules; elytral apex bearing conspicuous cuticular globules (best seen in lateral view), and distributed dense punctures. And it differs from Sc. philippinensis by without a conspicuous longitudinal carina in front of coxae. Additionally, this species differs from all the other known species (excluding the Sc. zimmermani species-group) by the number of spines on metatibia (around 40 v.s. 10–25). Description. Male (Figs. 9–13, 16–18). Fully pigmented adult. Measurements in mm: TL 1.91, PL 0.62, PW 0.77, EL 1.26, EW 0.88, GD 0.80. Ratios: PL/PW 0.81, EL/EW 1.43, EL/PL 2.03, GD/EW 0.91, TL/EW 2.17. Body elongate, convex, dorsal dark yellowish brown, with minute setae, barely visible; ventral with fine and long setae, yellowish brown; antennae, palpi and legs yellowish brown. Head without cuticular globules, but with shallow and fine punctures, the surface between punctures smooth. Antennae (Fig. 12) bearing nine antennomeres with the following lengths (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.16, 0.05, 0.06, 0.02, 0.02, 0.01, 0.06, 0.05, 0.09 (FL 0.11 mm, CL 0.20 mm, CL/FL 1.82). Compound Eyes finely facetted, each bearing approximately 90 ommatidia; GW 0.18 mm. Pronotum without cuticular globules, but with dense, coarse and shallow punctures, which coarser and denser than elytra, the surface between them smooth; anterior margin broadly rounded, not projected forward; sides not explanate and smooth, barely visible from above; posterior edge broadly rounded, without a rugose border. Scutellar shield well-developed, triangular, smooth; BW 0.14 mm. Elytra with minute setae, punctuation shallow, sparse and fine, the surface between punctures smooth; elytral apex truncate, the punctures were denser and coarser, slightly concave when seen from above, bearing sparse and conspicuous cuticular globules (best seen in lateral view). Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave, slightly tumid at midline but not carinate, punctures indiscernible; sides with fine and long setae; prosternal process small, laminate. Mesoventrite with coarse and shallow punctures. Metaventrite tumid at middle, extremely convex, with discrimen being half the length of the ventrite; ventrite with fine and long setae, punctuation shallow and coarse, they are concentrated at from the anterior portion to half. Protibia outer edge straight to slightly expand and with spines at the apical two-thirds; inner margin with a narrow tuft of long bristles at the apical third. Meso- and metatibia ( Fig. 13, left metatibia of a paratype ) with similar shape and length, approximately three as long as broad; expanded from apex to apical two-thirds of their lengths and with outer edge broadly rounded, almost covered spines, dense at apical three-eighths and then getting sparser. Abdominal ventrites with minute setae, punctation shallow and coarse; punctation of abdominal ventrites II–IV concentrated at the transverse midline; sides of first abdominal ventrites with shallow, coarse and sparse punctures, but dense in the middle, without sex patch; abdominal ventrites V cover shallow and coarse punctures; length of the ventrites (in mm) as follows: 0.21, 0.08, 0.08, 0.08, 0.15. Male abdominal terminalia in a paratype (Figs. 16–18): sternite VIII with posterior angles bearing a few long setae, sides with a few short setae. Tegmen (Fig. 17) long, rounded apically, membranous laterally in basal half, sclerotized in apical half. Penis (Fig. 18)subparallel and sclerotized laterally, membranous in the middle. Female. Similar to male in external morphology. Female abdominal terminalia in a paratype (Figs. 14–15): ventral lobe of gonocoxites inconspicuous, devoid of gonostyli; proctiger with apical margin membranous in the middle and bearing several long setae laterally; paraprocts membranous, transparent; baculi of paraprocts and proctiger both slender, apex with three setae; spiculum ventrale slightly curved in the middle. Measurements. Males (n = 9, including the holotype; in mm): TL 1.72–1.99 (1.84 ± 0.08); PL 0.58–0.68 (0.63 ± 0.04); PW 0.71–0.84 (0.76 ± 0.03); EL 1.10–1.27 (1.18 ± 0.05); EW 0.81–0.90 (0.85 ± 0.03); GD 0.75–0.83 (0.79 ± 0.02). Ratios: PL/PW 0.77–0.87 (0.82 ± 0.03); EL/EW 1.34–1.45 (1.39 ± 0.04); EL/PL 1.69–2.05 (1.89 ± 0.12); GD/EW 0.90–0.96 (0.93 ± 0.02); TL/EW 2.11–2.21 (2.17 ± 0.04). Females (n = 12; in mm): TL 1.39–1.80(1.66 ± 0.12); PL 0.53–0.65 (0.58 ± 0.03); PW 0.60–0.76 (0.70 ± 0.04); EL 0.84–1.16 (1.04 ± 0.11); EW 0.68–0.87 (0.79 ± 0.05); GD 0.62–0.68 (0.65 ± 0.02). Ratios: PL/PW 0.79–0.90 (0.84 ± 0.04); EL/EW 1.16–1.45 (1.31 ± 0.09); EL/PL 1.48–2.13 (1.78 ± 0.18); GD/EW 0.78–0.91 (0.82 ± 0.04); TL/EW 1.99–2.21 (2.09 ± 0.06). Distribution. Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China. Host fungi. Unidentified Polyporaceae. Etymology. The specific name ‘ multispinus’ refers to the many spines on metatibia., Published as part of Mo, Da-Rui & Xu, Ji-Shan, 2022, Two new species of the tribe Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 5219 (3) on pages 298-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5219.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7417529

Key to the described Syncosmetus species (based on Lopes-Andrade, 2008 and Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov, 2015) 1 Pronotum with two pairs of strong longitudinal ridges...................................... S. yunnanensis sp. nov. - Pronotum without longitudinal ridges..................................................................... 2 2 Elytra subparallel-sided, with poorly raised longitudinal keels........................................ S. reticulatus - Elytra suboval, with well-raised longitudinal keels........................................................... 3 3 First two elytral keels diverging far from elytral base................................................ S. japonicus - First two elytral keels diverging close to elytral base......................................................... 4 4 Pronotum with surface between punctures not in high relief. Each elytron with second and third keels united at their apices.............................................................................................. S. perseus - Pronotum with surface between punctures in high relief forming longitudinal striae. Each elytron with second and third keels not united at their apices................................................................................ 5 5 Pronotum with narrow longitudinal sulcus at midline; lateral margins usually narrow. Tegmen with basal portion membranous and bearing a sclerotized longitudinal stripe; apical portion not spoon-like and bearing a small emargination....... S. stheno - Pronotum with broad longitudinal sulcus at midline; lateral margins usually broad. Tegmen with basal portion homogeneously sclerotized; apical portion spoon-like...................................................................... 6 6 Pronotum with margins visible for their entire lengths from above, coarsely crenulated; surface of longitudinal sulcus not microreticulate. Penis with lateral baculi not joined at base............................................... S. euryale - Pronotum with only the posterior portions of margins visible from above, minutely crenulate; surface of longitudinal sulcus microreticulate. Penis with lateral baculi joined at base................................................ S. medusa, Published as part of Jiang, Ri-Xin, Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, Liu, Hao-Yi & Chen, Xiang-Sheng, 2022, An extraordinary new species of the genus Syncosmetus Sharp, 1891 (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Yunnan, China, pp. 294-300 in Zootaxa 5214 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7385170, {"references":["Lopes-Andrade, C. (2008) An essay on the tribe Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae). Zootaxa, 1832 (1), 1 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1832.1.1","Lopes-Andrade, C. & Grebennikov, V. V. (2015) First record and five new species of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from China, with online DNA barcode library of the family. Zootaxa, 4006 (3), 463 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4006.3.3"]}

Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Type material. Holotype: CHINA: &male;, labeled ‘China: Yunnan, Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe (IJ河 Ḃ尼dzh治州), Pingbian Miao Autonomous County (屏ṁffidzh治县), Daweishan Nature Reserve (k围山Dz ẎNJh然保护区) 02.VIII.2021, H: 2046m, Hao-Yi Liu leg.’ (GUGC). Paratypes: CHINA: 3 m &male;, 4 f &female;, with the same label data as the holotype (GUGC). Diagnosis. Body small and rounded, dark brown with antennae, palpi and tarsi reddish brown. Head covered with longitudinal and irregular microsculpture. Pronotum with four strong longitudinal ridges. Elytra with three convex longitudinal keels, formed by series of discontinuous and irregular tuberculation. Apex of prosternal process truncate. Disc of metaventrite with a pair of large and round impressions. Description. Male. Body (Fig. 1A–B) rounded, extremely convex, dark brown with antennae, palpi and tarsi reddish-brown. Head wider than long, surface densely covered with longitudinal and irregular microsculpture, without punctures. Eyes small, coarsely facetted, each with about 20 ommatidia, GW 0.10 mm. Each antenna (Fig. 2B) bearing ten antennomeres, with 3-segmented club; length of antennomeres (in mm) as follows: 0.17, 0.08, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.05, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.14. Pronotum (Fig. 1A) covered with shallow punctures, distinctly denser at the posterior portion, sparser at disc and near the anterior edge. Surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture, and bearing two pairs of strong longitudinal ridges. Anterior margin broadly rounded; anterior angles slightly projected forward, bluntly rounded; lateral margins broad, coarsely crenulate, visible for almost their entire lengths when seen from above; posterior margin broadly rounded; posterior angles obtuse and not distinct. Scutellar shield very small, almost indiscernible, concealed under the beginning of the medial keel of elytra. Elytra (Fig. 1A, 2A) tightly locked but not fused; punctures coarse, deep, separated from each other by at least a puncture-width; surface between punctures, smooth. Pseudoepipleura impunctate, glabrous; surface covered by tiny microsculpture. Each elytron with three longitudinal, convex keels, each formed by series of discontinuous and irregular tuberculation; all keels extending from base to near apex of elytra; surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture. Each side of medial elytral suture with a distinct tuberculation located near its base. Protibiae not expanded to apex, about three times as long as broad; inner side with a conspicuous tuft of long bristles at the apical half; apical angle broadly rounded, with edge bearing a row of spines; outer edge apparently devoid of spines. Meso- and metatibiae not expanded; outer apical angle rounded, not produced, with apical edge with a row of spines. Prosternum (Fig. 1B) in front of coxae slightly biconcave, bearing a distinct longitudinal carina at middle; surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture and sparse shallow punctures. Prosternal process with truncate apex. Hypomera surface similar to that of prosternum, but without punctures. Metaventrite (Fig. 1B) without discrimen; surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture; disc with pair of large and round impressions. Abdominal ventrites (Fig. 1B) with shallow and different-sized elliptic punctures, concentrated at the anterior portion of each ventrite and separated by less than a puncture-width; surface between punctures and elsewhere covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture. Length of the ventrites as follows (mm): 0.24, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.17. Ventrite bearing a circular, weakly margined setose sex patch at disc. Sternite VIII (Fig. 2C) subtrapezoidal; posterior edge slightly narrower, weakly curved inward at middle; posterior angles bearing a few long setae. Tegmen (Fig. 2D) slender with rounded apex. Penis (Fig. 2E) comparatively much slender than tegmen; basal two-thirds bearing lateral struts; lateral edges subparallel, slightly enlarged near apex and converging to a membranous apex. Measurements (mm): TL 1.53–1.67 (1.58 ± 0.06), PL 0.63–0.70 (0.66 ± 0.03), PW 0.75–0.82 (0.78 ± 0.03), EL 0.90–0.97 (0.93 ± 0.03), EW 0.88–0.94 (0.91 ± 0.03), GD 0.80–0.85 (0.83 ± 0.02). Females. Similar to males, but without abdominal sex patch. GW 0.10 mm. Abdominal terminalia with conspicuous gonostyli; gonocoxites transversely divided into two parts; paraprocts shorter than gonocoxites together. Measurements (in mm; n = 4): TL 1.58–1.78 (1.68 ± 0.08), PL 0.65– 0.76 (0.71 ± 0.05), PW 0.77–0.85 (0.81 ± 0.03), EL 0.93–1.02 (0.97 ± 0.03), EW 0.87–0.95 (0.91 ± 0.03), GD 0.82–0.88 (0.85 ± 0.02). Distribution. China: Yunnan. Biology. All specimens of this species were collected in unidentified polypore basidiomes (similar to Trametes species) growing on rotten wood (Fig. 4). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Yunnan Province; adjective. Comments. Species of Syncosmetus are known only from East Asia, in areas belonging to the Palearctic region (Japan) and the Chinese transition zone (Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade 2017). They have narrow distributional ranges, are flightless, seldom collected and only adults were described up to date. Little information is available about their microhabitats and feeding habits. Syncosmetus japonicus has breeding records in Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma applanatum, Inonotus mikadoi and Pyrrhoderma sendaiense (Kawanabe 1998, 1999), with doubtful records in Inonotus cuticularis, Pleurotus sp. and Trametes versicolor (Kawanabe 1995, 1996; Miyatake 1954). Syncosmetus reticulatus has breeding records in Fomes fomentarius and Ganoderma applanatum (Kawanabe 1998), and the previously described Chinese species were collected by sifting forest litter (Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov 2015). Flightless species of a few ciid genera are collected in forest litter, as summarized by Lopes-Andrade (2007), and it is still early to state whether these “litter” species are detritivores of dead plant material, consumers of microfungi, or are simply caught while dispersing through the litter. However, it can be stated that the collection of basidiomes alone does not guarantee a good sampling of ciid beetles for broad faunistic or taxonomic works on the family (Lopes-Andrade 2007). Within the genus Syncosmetus, S. yunnanensis is extraordinary due to its pronotum bearing four conspicuous longitudinal ridges, a feature not observed in any other described Ciidae up to date.

Jiang, Ri-Xin, Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, Liu, Hao-Yi, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2022): An extraordinary new species of the genus Syncosmetus Sharp, 1891 (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Yunnan, China. Zootaxa 5214 (2): 294-300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.2.9

The study of factors that affect to the biodiversity of forest insects has not lost its relevance for several decades. As obligate fungicolous, minute tree-fungus beetles (Coleoptera, Ciidae) are one of the main destructors of saproxylic fungi. Since primeval forests are characterized by different age of tree stands and a large volume of dead wood of different stages of decomposition – the number of saproxylic fungi, and, as a consequence, minute tree-fungus beetles, show a high variety. In managed forests, selective felling and removal of dead wood is carried out, which leads to the loss of habitats and, as a consequence, to the impoverishment of the biodiversity of minute tree-fungus beetles. The fauna of minute tree-fungus beetles of primeval beech forest of the Uholsky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and managed 150-year-old beech forest from adjacent territories has been studied. According to the literature, at the beginning of our research the fauna of Ciidae were consisted 34 species of fauna of the Ukrainian Carpathians, and 11 species were known for the beech primeval forests of the Uholka Shyrokyi Luh preservation massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (CBR). The material was collected with the combined window-type traps (polytrap) during the growing season 2017-2018. In general, 3302 specimens of minute tree-fungus beetles, belonging to 31 species from 8 genera, were collected and identified. For the first time for the region of the Ukrainian Carpathians were indicated such species: Cis rugulosus Mellie, 1848, Cis striatulus Mellie, 1848, Ennearthron pruinosulum (Perris in Abeille, 1864) and Rhopalodontus strandi Lohse, 1969. Taking into account our research and literature data, the faunal list of minute tree-fungus beetles for the Ukrainian Carpathians include 38 species. The species richness of beech primeval and 150-year-old managed forest is close in value, and the relative density of individuals in primeval forest is three times higher than its value in managed forest. Thus, 30 species from 8 genera (2442 individuals) have been identified for primeval beech; for managed beech forest – 28 species from 8 genera (860 specimens of minute tree-fungus beetles). Primeval beech forests are an important center for the diversity of minute tree-fungus beetles, because of the 38 species known from the Ukrainian Carpathians, 31 species have been registered in the Uholsky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve.

Ciidae are a small family of mycetophagus beetles with only nine species so far recorded in Iran. The occurrence of four of them has now been confirmed. During the 2014-2017 survey in the Hyrcanian Forest, North Iran, 12 species belonging to 6 genera have been recorded for the first time in Iran. As a result of this study, the number of species known from Iran has increases to 21.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A micofagia, hábito de se alimentar de estruturas fúngicas ou de material vegetal que tenha sido decomposto por enzimas fúngicas, é um dos hábitos alimentares mais antigos dos besouros. Uma importante família de besouros que possuem associação obrigatória com fungos é Ciidae, cujos integrantes utilizam os fungos como abrigo e alimento durante todo seu ciclo de vida, sendo classificados como micetobiontes. Os fungos aos quais os ciídeos se associam pertencem ao filo Basidiomycota e apresentam importante papel na ciclagem de nutrientes, pois realizam degradação da madeira, sendo capazes de decompor celulose, hemicelulose e lignina. Os ciídeos são responsáveis pela degradação de grande parte dos basidiomas desses fungos, impedindo maior acúmulo dessas estruturas e contribuindo com o aumento da disponibilidade de nutrientes importantes para os sistemas florestais. Embora as interações entre os besouros Ciidae e seus fungos hospedeiros já tenham sido relativamente bem estudadas, os estudos dessas interações na região Neotropical ainda são escassos. Diante disto, realizamos neste trabalho, um estudo das interações dos ciídeos e seus hospedeiros em dois fragmentos florestais pertencentes ao bioma Mata Atlântica. Utilizamos a abordagem de análise de redes ecológicas e avaliamos importantes índices usados para descrever comunidades: conectância, assimetria da rede, links por espécie, aninhamento, robustez e especialização. Assim, foi possível conhecer e comparar as estruturas das duas comunidades de Ciidae e seus fungos hospedeiros. Nossos resultados mostraram que as principais espécies de fungos hospedeiros das duas comunidades foram as mesmas. Apesar disso, encontramos diferenças no uso de hospedeiros pelos ciídeos de acordo com a disponibilidade de espécies fúngicas, resultando em diferentes estruturas de rede. Encontramos espécies de Ciidae que nos permitiram fazer importantes inferências a respeito da qualidade dos fragmentos estudados. Keywords: Ciidae. Micetobiontes. Micofagia. Rede de interação. Mycophagy, the habit of feeding on fungal structures or plant material that has been decomposed by fungal enzymes, is one of the oldest feeding habits of beetles. An important family of beetles that have an obligatory association with fungi is Ciidae, whose members use fungi as shelter and food throughout their life cycle, being classified as mycetobionts. The fungi to which ciids are associated belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and play an important role in nutrient cycling, as they perform wood degradation, being able to decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Ciidae are responsible for the degradation of most of the basidiomes of these fungi, preventing further accumulation of these structures and contributing to the increase in the availability of important nutrients for forest systems. Although interactions between Ciidae beetles and their host fungi have already been relatively well studied, studies of these interactions in the Neotropics are still scarce. In view of this, in this work, we carried out a study of the interactions of ciids and their hosts in two forest remnants belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome. We used the approach of ecological network analysis and evaluate important indices used to describe communities: connectance, web asymmetry, links per species, nestedness, robustness and specialization. Thus, it was possible to know and compare the structures of the two communities of Ciidae and their host fungi. Our results showed that the main host fungal species of the two communities were the same. Despite this, we found differences in the use of hosts by ciids according to the availability of fungal species, resulting in different network structures. We found species of Ciidae that allowed us to make important inferences about the quality of the fragments studied. Keywords: Ciidae. Mycetobionts. Mycophagy. Network. Bipartite.

5- Cis fusciclavis Nyholm, 1953 Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Amini et al. 2020). General distribution: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Russia (Central European Territory), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia. Habitat: In Europe, this species is found in a large number of species tinder fungus with soft and hard basidiomes: Bjerkandera adusta, Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (Ehrenb.) Ryvarden, Pappia fissilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Zmitr., Fomitopsis betulina, in old dry Neolentinus cyathiformis (Schaeff.) Della Magg. & Trassin., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm., Cerioporus squamosus and Laetiporus sulphureus. This species is also often found on mycelial layer under the bark of dead deciduous trees., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317"]}

1- Cis boleti (Scopoli, 1763) Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Amini et al. 2020), Iran (no exact locality cited) (Jelínek 2008). New material examined: East Azarbaijan province, Arasbaran forest, 3 ex., A. Ahmadi leg., 26.vii.2015. General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Belarus, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory, Far East), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, “Transcaspia”, Ukraine. Habitat: In Europe, this species develops in basidiomes of tinder fungus with soft or leathery consistency: different species of the genus Trametes (T. suaveolens (L.) Fr., T. versicolor (L.) Lloyd, T. hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd, T. ochracea (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, T. pubescens (Schumach.) Pilát, etc.), Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.) P.Karst., Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill, Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill. Comments: Meteorus cis (Bouché, 1834) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), 1&female;, 1&male;, was collected from Cis boleti in East Azarbaijan province (Arasbaran forest).

22- Sulcacis nitidus (Fabricius, 1792) Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Guilan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020), Yazd (Samin et al. 2018b). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory, Far East), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Habitat: The way of life is very similar to the previous species, inhabits one species of tinder fungus, often together. Comments: Reared from fungus on Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Amini et al. 2020). Stenopogon laevigatus (Loew, 1851) (Diptera: Asilidae) was collected as the predator of Sulcacis nitidus in Yazd., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317","Samin, N., Bunalski, M., Kubisz, D., Hava, J., Navaeian, M., Otero, J. C., Hawkeswood, T. J., Zhou, H., Sakenin, H. & Jedryczkowski, W. B. (2018 b) Contributions to the knowledge of the distribution of select Coleoptera families from Iran. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne, 37 (4), 197 - 209."]}

Cis multidentatus (Pic, 1917) Records from Iran: Guilan (Amini et al. 2014). General distribution: China, Germany, Italy (Jelínek 2008). Comments: Amini et al. (2014) reported erroneously Cis multidentatus. This record was corrected by Amini et al. (2020) as Cis chinensis.

9- Cis matchanus Reitter, 1915 = Cis hanseni A. Strand, 1965. Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Królik 2016). General distribution: Bosnia Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Italy, Norway, Poland, Russia (North and South European Territory), Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine. Comments: A species very similar to Cis lineatocribratus and often incorrectly identified, according to our observations in Europe is also associated in development with hard tinder basidiomes – Fomes fomentarius, Ganoderma applanatum and Fomitopsis pinicola., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Krolik, R. (2016) Two new species and nomenclatural changes in the Cis castaneus species group (Coleoptera, Ciidae). Zootaxa, 4114 (4), 492 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4114.4.9"]}

14- Cis submicans Abeille de Perrin, 1874 Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020), Guilan (Amini et al. 2020; Samin et al. 2018b as Cis villosulus (Marsham, 1802) - misidentification), Northern Iran (Lopes-Andrade et al. 2016). New material examined: Mazandaran province, near Behshahr, in bracket fungus, 2 ex, without data on collecting date, R. Rezaei leg. General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory, Far East), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America. Habitat: In Europe, this species develops in soft basidiomas of tinder fungi from deciduous trees, mainly of the genus Trametes (T. versicolor, T. pubescens, T. ochracea, T. gibbosa etc.), as well as Lenzites betulinus and Cerrena unicolor. Comments: Reared from fungi on Fagus orientalis (Fagaceae) and Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Amini et al. 2020)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 322-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317","Samin, N., Bunalski, M., Kubisz, D., Hava, J., Navaeian, M., Otero, J. C., Hawkeswood, T. J., Zhou, H., Sakenin, H. & Jedryczkowski, W. B. (2018 b) Contributions to the knowledge of the distribution of select Coleoptera families from Iran. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne, 37 (4), 197 - 209.","Lopes-Andrade, C., Webster, R. P., Webster, V. L., Alderson, C. A., Hughes, C. C. & Sweeney, J. D. (2016) The Ciidae (Coleoptera) of New Brunswick, Canada: New records and new synonyms. In: Webster, R. P., Bouchard, P. & Klimaszewski, J. (Eds.), The Coleoptera of New Brunswick and Canada: providing baseline biodiversity and natural history data. ZooKeys, 573, pp. 339 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 573.7445"]}

18- Octotemnus rugosopunctatus Drogvalenko, 2002 (Figure 3) Distribution in Iran: Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020). New material examined: Mazandaran province, near Behshahr, 12 ex., in bracket fungus, R. Rezaei leg., without data on collecting date. Semnan province, Shahrud, Jangal-e Abr, 3 ex., reared from mycelial layer on Populus sp. (Salicaceae), H. Ghahari leg., 11.vi.2015. Golestan province, Golestan National Park, 4 ex., in bracket fungus (Basidiomycetes) on Carpinus orientalis (Betulaceae), H. Ghahari leg., 4.vii.2017. Azerbaijan, Greater Caucasus Range, 7 km N Katex vill., N 41°44’03”, E 46°36’04”, Zagatala Nat. Reserve, NW and W slope Messergor mt., river valley Katexçay, right bank, 700-800 m, beech forest, in bracket fungus, 05- 06.07.2004, K.S. Nadein leg., 13 ex.; Talysh Mountains, between Ovala vill. and Çükə&scedil; vill., NE slope Debavnoband Range, 400-500 m, N 38°33’02”, E 48°43’02”, hyrcanian forest, in bracket fungus, 19.06.2004, K.S. Nadein leg., 11 ex. Georgia, Abkhazia, West Gumista river, S part Ashamtvara Range, 800 m, N 43°11’53,39”, E 41°01’21,98”, beech forest, in bracket fungus, 18.06.2007, K.S. Nadein leg., 3 ex. Russia, Krasnodar Region, 10 km &IEcy; Sochi, Zmeyka river, beech, in bracket fungus, 01.04.2008, M.N. Tsurikov leg., 24 ex. New record for Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia. General distribution: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia (West Caucasus) (this study), Ukraine (Crimea) (Drogvalenko 2002; Jelínek 2008). Habitat: This species was described from the Crimea (Ukraine), where it was collected mainly in the basidiomes of tinder fungus of the genus Trametes (T. versicolor, T. ochracea, T. pubescens, T. suaveolens), as well as Cerrena unicolor. Also found singly in basidiomes of Hapalopilus rutilans, Fomes fomentarius and Fuscoporia contigua. Comments: Reared from fungus on Fagus orientalis (Fagaceae) (Amini et al. 2020). Camptoptera cardui (Förster, 1856) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), 3&female;&female;, was collected from bracket fungus of Octotemnus rugosopunctatus in Golestan National Park. Two species of Asilidae (Diptera), Machimus annulipes (Brullé, 1832), and Stenopogon elongatus (Meigen, 1804) were collected as the predators of Octotemnus rugosopunctatus from Semnan (Jangal-e Abr)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Drogvalenko, A. N. (2002) The new and rare species of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) for fauna of Ukraine. Information 2. The Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette, IX (1 - 2), 9 - 19.","Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317","Jelinek, J. (2008) Family Ciidae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 5. Tenebrionoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 55 - 62."]}

4- Cis comptus Gyllenhal, 1827 Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Amini et al. 2020), Mazandaran (Samin et al. 2018a; Amini et al. 2020). New material examined: East Azarbaijan province, Arasbaran forest, 5 ex., in bracket fungus, A. Ahmadi leg., 26.vii.2015. General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory, East and West Siberia, Far East), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine. Habitat: In Europe, this species develops in basidiomes on a large number of species tinder fungus with soft or leathery consistency: different species of the genus Trametes (T. trogii Berk., T. ochracea, T. hirsuta, etc), Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden, Cerrena unicolor, Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P.Karst., Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát, Inocutis dryophila (Berk.) Fiasson & Niemelä, Lenzites betulinus (L.) Fr., in old dry Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Quél. and Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill. Comments: Reared from fungus on Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Amini et al. 2020). Meteorus cis (Bouché, 1834) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), 2&female;&female;, was collected from Cis comptus in East Azarbaijan province (Arasbaran forest)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317","Samin, N., Hava, J., Carlos Otero, J., Hawkeswood, T. J., Jedryczkowski, W. B., Kubisz, D., Sakenin, H. & Bunalski, M. (2018 a) New record and new distributional data of Coleoptera (Insecta) of Iran. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia, 42 (3 - 4), 259 - 274."]}

19- Ropalodontus perrini Reitter, 1878 Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Georgia. Comments: Reared from fungus on Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Amini et al. 2020)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317"]}

3- Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991 Distribution in Iran: Guilan (Amini et al. 2014 as Cis multidentatus (Pic, 1917) – misidentification; Amini et al. 2016), Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020). General distribution: China, France, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Malta, Spain (Amini et al. 2020). Comments: This species was collected from Eriobotrya sp. (Rosaceae) (Amini et al. 2014)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Lawrence, J. F. & Britton, E. B. (1991) Coleoptera (Beetles). In: CSIRO (Ed.), The Insects of Australia. Second edition. Melbourne University Press, Carlton, pp. 543 - 683.","Amini, S., Sheikhnejad, H. & Hosseini, R. (2014) First record of Cis multidentatus (Coleoptera: Ciidae) for the fauna of Iran. Proceedings of the 21 st Iranian Plant Protection Congress, University of Urmia, Iran Urmia, West Azarbaijan Province, 2014, 493.","Amini, S., Sheikhnejad, H. & Hosseini, R. (2016) First record of Cis chinensis (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Research, 8 (2), 165 - 169. [in Persian, English summary]","Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317"]}

13- Cis striatulus Mellié, 1849 Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020), Northern Iran (Lopes-Andrade et al. 2016). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Canada, Croatia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia (South European Territory), Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America. Habitat: In Europe, this is a rare species, in a small amount was found by us on the leathery basidiomes corticioid type of Radulomyces sp., occasionally singly in the basidiomes of other fungi from deciduous trees: Fomitiporia robusta (P.Karst.) Fiasson & Niemelä, Cerrena unicolor and old dry Laetiporus sulphureus., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317","Lopes-Andrade, C., Webster, R. P., Webster, V. L., Alderson, C. A., Hughes, C. C. & Sweeney, J. D. (2016) The Ciidae (Coleoptera) of New Brunswick, Canada: New records and new synonyms. In: Webster, R. P., Bouchard, P. & Klimaszewski, J. (Eds.), The Coleoptera of New Brunswick and Canada: providing baseline biodiversity and natural history data. ZooKeys, 573, pp. 339 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 573.7445"]}

7- Cis lasoni Królik, 2016 Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Królik 2016). General distribution: Azerbaijan., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Krolik, R. (2016) Two new species and nomenclatural changes in the Cis castaneus species group (Coleoptera, Ciidae). Zootaxa, 4114 (4), 492 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4114.4.9"]}

15- Cis tomentosus Mellié, 1849 Distribution in Iran: Golestan (Amini et al. 2020). General distribution: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Romania, Russia (South European Territory), Serbia, Montenegro, Spain. Habitat: According to our observations, in Europe and the Caucasus, this species is associated with thin leathery basidiomas of the genus Trichaptum: T. biforme from deciduous trees and, rarely, with T. abietinum (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Ryvarden and T. fuscoviolaceum from coniferous trees. Comments: Collected from Alnus sp. (Betulaceae) and Fagus sp. (Fagaceae) (Amini et al. 2020)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317"]}

12- Cis rugulosus Mellié, 1849 Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Russia (Central and South European Territory), Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland. Habitat: In Europe, this species develops in basidiomes of a large number of species of tinder fungus with soft or leathery consistency: different species of the genus Trametes (Trametes versicolor, T. trogii, T. suaveolens, T. pubescens, T. ochracea, T. hirsuta, T. gibbosa, etc.), Cerrena unicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Hapalopilus rutilans, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Lenzites betulinus. Comments: Reared from fungus on Fagus orientalis (Fagaceae) (Amini et al. 2020)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317"]}

17- Octotemnus glabriculus (Gyllenhal, 1827) Distribution in Iran: Lorestan (Samin et al. 2018a). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Samin, N., Hava, J., Carlos Otero, J., Hawkeswood, T. J., Jedryczkowski, W. B., Kubisz, D., Sakenin, H. & Bunalski, M. (2018 a) New record and new distributional data of Coleoptera (Insecta) of Iran. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia, 42 (3 - 4), 259 - 274."]}

8- Cis lineatocribratus Mellié, 1849 Distribution in Iran: Fars (Samin et al. 2018b). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory), Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Habitat: In Europe, this species was found by us in hard basidiomes of tinder fungus: Fomes fomentarius and Fomitopsis pinicola. Comments: Plutothrix acuminata (Thomson, 1878) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), 2&female;&female;, was collected from Cis lineatocribratus in Fars province (Kazerun)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Samin, N., Bunalski, M., Kubisz, D., Hava, J., Navaeian, M., Otero, J. C., Hawkeswood, T. J., Zhou, H., Sakenin, H. & Jedryczkowski, W. B. (2018 b) Contributions to the knowledge of the distribution of select Coleoptera families from Iran. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne, 37 (4), 197 - 209."]}

20- Strigocis bicornis (Mellié, 1849) Distribution in Iran: East Azarbaijan (Samin et al. 2018b), Golestan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020). General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, “Caucasus”, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia (South European Territory), Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine. Habitat: In Europe, we found this species in basidiomes Trametes versicolor and T. ochracea. Comments: Reared from fungus on Fagus orientalis (Fagaceae) (Amini et al. 2020)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Samin, N., Bunalski, M., Kubisz, D., Hava, J., Navaeian, M., Otero, J. C., Hawkeswood, T. J., Zhou, H., Sakenin, H. & Jedryczkowski, W. B. (2018 b) Contributions to the knowledge of the distribution of select Coleoptera families from Iran. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne, 37 (4), 197 - 209.","Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317"]}

Cis villosulus (Marsham, 1802) Records from Iran: Guilan (Samin et al. 2018b). General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory, East Siberia, Far East), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine (Jelínek 2008). Comments: Reexamination of specimens proved Samin et al. (2018b) identification of Cis villosulus was a misidentification of Cis submicans and we therefore exclude C. villosulus from the fauna of Iran and record the data under C. submicans., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on page 326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Samin, N., Bunalski, M., Kubisz, D., Hava, J., Navaeian, M., Otero, J. C., Hawkeswood, T. J., Zhou, H., Sakenin, H. & Jedryczkowski, W. B. (2018 b) Contributions to the knowledge of the distribution of select Coleoptera families from Iran. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne, 37 (4), 197 - 209.","Jelinek, J. (2008) Family Ciidae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 5. Tenebrionoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 55 - 62."]}

2- Cis castaneus (Herbst, 1793) Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020), Isfahan (Samin et al. 2018b). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, “Buchara”, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central, North and South European Territory, Far East), Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. Habitat: In Europe, most often, this species lives and develops in basidiomas with a dense woody consistency (Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., G. pfeifferi Bres., Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P.Karst., etc), but sometimes adults are also found in the soft basidiomes of tinder fungi (Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han & Y.C. Dai, Hapalopilus rutilans (Pers.) Murrill, Trametes suaveolens etc.). Comments: Reared from fungus on Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Amini et al. 2020)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 319-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317","Samin, N., Bunalski, M., Kubisz, D., Hava, J., Navaeian, M., Otero, J. C., Hawkeswood, T. J., Zhou, H., Sakenin, H. & Jedryczkowski, W. B. (2018 b) Contributions to the knowledge of the distribution of select Coleoptera families from Iran. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne, 37 (4), 197 - 209."]}

23- Xylographus bostrichoides (Dufour, 1843) Distribution in Iran: Golestan, Mazandaran (Amini et al. 2020), West Azarbaijan (Samin et al. 2018a). General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Belarus, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia (South European Territory), “Siberia”, Slovakia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Ukraine. Habitat: This species inhabits hard basidiomes of a very limited number of tinder fungus species. In Europe, we collected it only in Fomes fomentarius, and according to literature data it may be Ganoderma and Phellinus (Amini et al. 2020). Comments: Reared from fungi on Fagus orientalis (Fagaceae) and Populus sp. (Salicaceae) (Amini et al. 2020)., Published as part of Drogvalenko, Alexander N. & Ghahari, Hassan, 2021, An annotated checklist of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of Iran, pp. 317-330 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 325-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4920512, {"references":["Amini, S., Krolik, R., Nozari, J., Farashiani, M. E. & Kazerani, F. (2020) A survey of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Hyrcanian forest (Iran) with new faunistic records. Zoodiversity, 54 (4), 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.15407 / zoo 2020.04.317","Samin, N., Hava, J., Carlos Otero, J., Hawkeswood, T. J., Jedryczkowski, W. B., Kubisz, D., Sakenin, H. & Bunalski, M. (2018 a) New record and new distributional data of Coleoptera (Insecta) of Iran. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia, 42 (3 - 4), 259 - 274."]}