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In the present study, the finite element method is developed for the static analysis of nano-beams under the Winkler foundation and the uniform load. The small scale effect along with Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory is taken into account. The governing equations are derived based on the minimum potential energy principle. Galerkin weighted residual method is used to obtain the finite element equations. The validity and novelty of the results for bending are tested and comparative results are presented. Deflections according to different Winkler foundation parameters and small scale parameters are tabulated and plotted. As it can be seen clearly from figures and tables, for simply-supported boundary conditions, the effect of small scale parameter is very high when the Winkler foundation parameter is smaller. On the other hand, for clamped-clamped boundary conditions, the effect of small scale parameter is higher when the Winkler foundation parameter is high. Although the effect of the small scale parameter is adverse on deflection for simply-supported and clamped-clamped boundary conditions.

Abstract Background Carbon capture using alkaliphilic cyanobacteria can be an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for producing bioenergy and bioproducts. The inefficiency of current harvesting and downstream processes, however, hinders large-scale feasibility. The high alkalinity of the biomass also introduces extra challenges, such as potential corrosion, inhibitory effects, or contamination of the final products. Thus, it is critical to identify low cost and energy-efficient downstream processes. Results Autofermentation was investigated as an energy-efficient and low-cost biomass pre-treatment method to reduce pH to levels suitable for downstream processes, enabling the conversion of cyanobacterial biomass into hydrogen and organic acids using cyanobacteria’s own fermentative pathways. Temperature, initial biomass concentration, and oxygen presence were found to affect yield and distribution of organic acids. Autofermentation of alkaline cyanobacterial biomass was found to be a viable approach to produce hydrogen and organic acids simultaneously, while enabling the successful conversion of biomass to biogas. Between 5.8 and 60% of the initial carbon was converted into organic acids, 8.7–25% was obtained as soluble protein, and 16–72% stayed in the biomass. Interestingly, we found that extensive dewatering is not needed to effectively process the alkaline cyanobacterial biomass. Using natural settling as the only harvesting and dewatering method resulted in a slurry with relatively low biomass concentration. Nevertheless, autofermentation of this slurry led to the maximum total organic acid yield (60% C mol/C mol biomass) and hydrogen yield (326.1 µmol/g AFDM). Conclusion Autofermentation is a simple, but highly effective pretreatment that can play a significant role within a cyanobacterial-based biorefinery platform by enabling the conversion of alkaline cyanobacterial biomass into organic acids, hydrogen, and methane via anaerobic digestion without the addition of energy or chemicals.

Alkaliphilic cyanobacteria have gained significant interest due to their robustness, high productivity, and ability to convert CO2 into bioenergy and other high value products. Effective nutrient management, such as re-use of spent medium, will be essential to realize sustainable applications with minimal environmental impacts. In this study, we determined the solubility and uptake of nutrients by an alkaliphilic cyanobacterial consortium grown at high pH and alkalinity. Except for Mg, Ca, Co, and Fe, all nutrients are in fully soluble form. The cyanobacterial consortium grew well without any inhibition and an overall productivity of 0.15 g L−1 d−1 (AFDW) was achieved. Quantification of nutrient uptake during growth resulted in the empirical formula CH1.81N0.17O0.20P0.013S0.009 for the consortium biomass. We showed that spent medium can be reused for at least five growth/harvest cycles. After an adaptation period, the cyanobacterial consortium fully acclimatized to the spent medium, resulting in complete restoration of biomass productivity.

Rationale: Alcohol and substance use disorders are types of brain diseases that have psychological components which damage many life areas of the affected individual. Since investigating alcohol use alone is insufficient in the diagnostic evaluation process, self-awareness and the individual’s long-term psychological well-being are important in the treatment process. Primary prevention is used for preventing disease in healthy people, whereas secondary prevention is used for early diagnosis of people at risk. Tertiary prevention is important to prevent the recurrence of the disease. Since substance use disorders are a chronic problems, a new need has emerged for tertiary protection in rehabilitation standards. Methodology: In this study, we aimed to develop two scales that can provide ideas about rehabilitation standards by determining the awareness of individuals with or without alcohol and substance use disorders. By so, experts in the field can have information about the risk status of their patients in the follow-up process of rehabilitation, with the data obtained from the harm perception and result awareness dimensions in the scales. The sample consisted of 1134 participants, 41 of whom had substance use disorders. Results: Among the two scales developed in the study, the Uskudar Result Awareness Scale (USRAS) consisting of 25 items and 6 factors explained 58.4% of the total variance. The Uskudar Harm Perception Scale (USHPS), consisting of 36 items and 10 factors, explained 56.3% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis of the two scales resulted in acceptable goodness-of-fit values. (X2/df < 3; RMSEA < 0.08; NFI > 0.90; NNFI > 0.95; CFI > 0.95; GFI > 0.90; AGFI > 0.85). Discussion: Comparisons showed that the resulting awareness of the non–SUD group was moderate (X = 3.81), whereas the SUD group had a low result awareness (X = 3.20); the effect size of the difference between the two groups was found to be high (d = 1.45; >0.8). On the other hand, the harm perception of the non–SUD group was found in the low-risk group (X = 3.78); the harm perception of the SUD group was found in the moderate-risk group (X = 3.43). According to Cohen’s d calculations, the effect size of the difference between the two groups is high (d = 1.43; >0.8). It was concluded that both of the scales are valid and safe. They can be included in the treatment process and future studies.

Bu çalışmada grafen tabakaların membran gibi modellenerek serbest titreşim analizleri yapılmıştır. Membranlar eğilmeye ya da burkulmaya karşı rijitliği olmayan ince plaklardır. Yanal güçleri eksenel ve merkezi kesme kuvvetleri ile taşırlar. Böyle yük taşımaları, aşırı incelikleri ve moment taşıma kapasitelerinin ihmal edilebilir olmasından dolayı gergin kablo ağlarına benzetilebilirler. Grafen tabakalar dikdörtgen ve kare geometriye sahip olmak üzere değişik boyutlarda modellenmiştir. Elde edilen denklemin çözümünde hem ayrık tekil konvolüsyon yöntemi ve hem de analitik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Literatürde bulunan plak modeli ile ilk defa yapılan membran modelinin sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulunan değerler grafik ve tablo halinde sunulmuştur.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of inactive form of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on the flap viability. Methods: Thirty six rats were used. Rats were divided into six groups then 9x3 cm random pattern skin flaps were elevated from dorsum of all rats. For precluding vascularization from the base, a silicone layer was placed under the flap in groups 2(only flap+silicone), 4(saline+silicone) and 6(PRP+silicone). In groups 1(only flap), 2(only flap+silicone) nothing was done except flap surgery. In groups 3(saline) and 4(saline+silicone), saline was applied intradermally , in groups 5(PRP) and 6(PRP+silicone), inactive form of PRP which obtained from different 16 rats was applied intradermally, into certain points of flaps immediately after surgery. After 7 days flap necrosis ratio was measured in all groups. Results: Mean necrosis rate in group 5(PRP) (16.05%) was statistically significantly lower than group 1(only flap) (31,93%) and group 3(saline) (30,43%) (p

Bu makale, üniversite öğrencilerinin özgecilik ve otantiklik seviyelerinin incelenmesi amacıyla ilişkisel tarama yöntemiyle dizayn edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan 314 öğrenciye Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Özgecilik Ölçeği ve Otantiklik Ölçeği uygulanmış; yapılan ayıklama işleminin ardından bunların 291’i analize tabi tutulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için Pearson korelasyon analizi ve grupların aritmetik ortalamaları arasındaki farklılıkları belirlemek için bağımsız gruplar t testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, üniversite öğrencilerinin özgecilik ile otantiklik seviyeleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.

Today, the most frequently used tool that is utilized within the operations of the institutions in order to make them productive and effective is motivation. An institution’s success depends on the employee’s occupational knowledge, skills and enthusiasm. State hospitals are institutions which bring many different occupations together in order to meet the health needs of the society. It is obvious that one of the most important factors which affect the success of these institutions is motivating the employees in accordance with the aims and goals of the institution. Within this study, it is aimed to determine the factors that affect the motivation of the nurses working at the Muğla State Hospital. The questionnaire is applied to 117 of 476 nurses working at the hospital. In the analysis of data; average, stantard deviation, factor analysis, and chi square tests are used. As a result of factor analysis, 20 different motivation tools are grouped under 7 factors. At the end of the tryouts, it is observed that harmony in work between employees & administrators and improvement of working conditions of the nurses bear significance for occupational satisfaction.

Transhumance is a traditional economic activity based on stock breeding that has been carried out for many years in Turkey. Turkey naturally has an uneven topography and has many plateaus due to its hilly areas. Even though there may be differences in the regional scale, tourism activities increased in the areas where cattle breeding was done until 1980. Plateau tourism can be considered as an important part of nature tourism. Damaging the nature in these areas will risk the growing tourism potential as well as the breeding areas of the animals that are raised as a traditional economic activity. Transhumance activities in the Keremali Mountain located on the western part of North Anatolian mountains will be studied due to its closeness and easy access to the North Western part, which is a highly populated area in Turkey. After the tourism potential of the plateaus in the area will be evaluated, the most important plateau in the region: Çiğdem Plateau will be studied as an example.The people who come from Sakarya, İzmit, İstanbul, Düzce settlements take (regreatif) short term advantage of the Keremali Plateau. However, in order to keep nature tourism going, accommodation possibilities in the area should be increased without harming the nature and short term tourism should be converted to long term tourism.