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Background: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, perceived as a reflection of cancer-induced cachexia, are often diagnosed in patients with periampullary malignancies. The pathophysiology of those conditions is multifactorial regarding the tumor microenvironment, immunological response, and the relationship to surrounding tissues., Methods: The PubMed and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched between November 2023 and December 2023. A total of 254 studies were primarily identified. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 studies were finally included in the review., Results: Evaluated papers disclosed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications, including pancreatic fistula (POPF) type B and C, with the odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.65 (95%CI 1.43-4.93, p = 0.002) to 4.30 (95%CI 1.15-16.01, p < 0.03). Sarcopenic patients also suffered more often from delayed gastric emptying (DGE) with an OR of 6.04 (95%CI 1.13-32.32, p = 0.036). Infectious complications, postoperative hemorrhage, and intra-abdominal abscesses occurred more often in sarcopenic patients. Surgical complications were also noted more frequently when sarcopenic obesity was present. Preoperative nutritional prehabilitation seems to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. However, more prospective studies are needed., Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with a higher incidence of multiple postoperative complications, including POPF (type B and C), DGE, hemorrhage, and infectious complications.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to analyse the histological differentiation and computed tomography imaging features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs)., Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective single-centre cohort study of 157 patients with histologically confirmed PNEN. We compared the results of the preoperative biopsy from the tumour with reports of the multi-slice computed tomography performed by a radiologist with 30 years of clinical practice., Results: Specific computed tomography (CT) features are associated with histological differentiation, such as enhancement in the arterial phase ( p = 0.032), Wirsung's duct dilatation ( p = 0.001), other organ infiltration ( p < 0.001), distant metastases ( p < 0.001), and enlarged regional lymph nodes ( p = 0.018). When there is an organ infiltration, the likelihood of the tumour having histological malignancy grades G2 or G3 triples (95% CI: 1.21-8.06). Likewise, the existence of distant metastases increases the risk almost fourfold (95% CI: 1.44-10.61), and a tumour size of 2 cm or larger is linked to a nearly threefold rise in the risk of histological malignancy grades G2 or G3 (95% CI: 1.21-6.24)., Conclusions: Certain CT characteristics: enhancement during the arterial phase, Wirsung's duct dilatation, organ infiltration, distant metastases, and the enlargement of regional lymph nodes are linked to histological differentiation., Competing Interests: 1. Institutional review board statement: Not applicable. 2. Assistance with the article: None. 3. Financial support and sponsorship: None. 4. Conflicts of interest: None., (© Pol J Radiol 2024.)

Background: Mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (mICC) is the most frequent type of ICC. In contrast-enhanced computed tomography, mICC is visualized as a hypodense lesion with distal dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts. The presented case illustrates the unusual manifestation of mICC in a 71-year-old male patient, where despite the extensive tumor mass and the hilar infiltration, the dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and cholestasis were not noted., Methods: A literature review on PubMed was performed. Primarily, 547 records were identified, and the titles and abstracts were systematically searched. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 papers describing the non-cancerous liver lesions mimicking ICC were included in the further analysis., Results: In 41.9% of the analyzed non-cancerous lesions, the obstruction of the bile ducts was not noted, similar to our patient. A significant cholestasis has been found in 30.03% of analyzed patients. The invasion of the liver hilum was noted in one-third of the patients., Conclusions: Atypical radiological features in lesions suspected of ICC, such as the absence of intrahepatic bile-duct dilation, are common in benign lesions. In the case of radiologically atypical lesions suspected of ICC, the diagnostic imaging needs to be correlated with clinical data, and the diagnosis should be confirmed with a pathological examination.

Background and Objectives: Working in a healthcare setting is associated with high levels of stress and burnout syndrome. Work-related quality of life (WRQoL) remains insufficiently evaluated among physicians. The aim of this study is to assess the WRQoL among physicians of interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostic specialties in Poland., Materials and Methods: Standardized and anonymous WRQoL questionnaires have been filled in by 257 physicians working in Silesia, Poland. After the removal of missing data, 246 individuals were stratified in terms of specialties into the appropriate categories, including interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostics. These categories were compared using the following subscales: general well-being (GWB), home-work interface (HWI), job and career satisfaction (JCS), control at work (CAW), working conditions (WCS), and stress at work (SAW)., Results: Out of 246 individuals, 132 were women (53.7%) and 112 (45.5%) were men. There were no differences in terms of WRQoL scores ( p = 0.220) and subscales GWB ( p = 0.148), HWI ( p = 0.368), JCS ( p = 0.117), CAW ( p = 0.224), WCS ( p = 0.609), SAW ( p = 0.472) between interventional, non-interventional, and diagnostic specialties. The group of young doctors (age ≤ 30 years) had higher JCS scores than the older ones (mean score [SD], 22.7 [3.98] vs. 21 [4.6]; p = 0.013). Physicians who were not working in hospital had higher WRQoL score than respondents working in hospital ( p = 0.061), with significant differences in terms of GWB (mean score [SD], 20.3 [4.93] vs. 22.8 [3.2], p = 0.014), HWI (mean score [SD], 9.1 [=2.65] vs. 10.6 [2.73], p = 0.011), and WCS (mean score [SD], 9.5 [2.61] vs. 10.8 [2.54], p = 0.035)., Conclusion: There were no differences considering overall WRQoL between analyzed groups stratified according to specialty. However, we disclosed a significant association between the respondent's WRQoL and age as well as place of work.

The study analyzes the correlation between the indications and results of head CT examinations in search of evidence of the excessive use of this diagnostic method. In total, 1160 referrals for urgent head CT were analyzed retrospectively, including the following parameters: patients' sex and age, type of scan (C-, C+, angio-CT), description of symptoms and presence of diagnostic target. Pathologies identified by the radiologist were assigned to four classes, regarding the severity of diagnosed conditions. The analysis of the CT results has shown that over half (55.22%) of the examinations revealed no deviations or showed chronic, asymptomatic lesions. As many as 73.71% referrals constituted group 0 in terms of the lack of a diagnostic target of a specific pathology. The presence of specific clinical targeting in a referral correlated significantly with a higher frequency of acute diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced follow-up examinations allowed the unequivocal classification of patients into extreme classes (I or IV) and accurate identification of patients requiring urgent or chronic treatment. Excessive use of diagnostic imaging is harmful, not only to patients, who often are unnecessarily exposed to radiation, but also to the quality of healthcare, since it increases the costs and radiologists' workload.