Search

BACKGROUND: Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic setting and changes in TILs and their subpopulations are potential candidates to influence the metastatic process. Aim of this pilot study is to describe the changes occurring between primary breast cancers and their paired metastases in terms of TILs composition. To assess if these changes influence the process of metastasis development, we used a control group of patients.METHODS: We retrospectively identified 18 Luminal patients, for whom primary and metastatic tissue were available (cases) and 18 paired-matched patients (controls), not relapsed after at least 9years of follow-up, and we quantified TILs and their composition (i.e. T CD8+ and CD4+/FOXP3+). The presence of TILs was defined as ≥10%.RESULTS: Our results showed that the microenvironment composition of relapsed patients was poor of TILs (median=5%, I-III quartiles=0.6-5%), CD8+ (2.5%, 0-5%) and CD4+/FOXP3+(0%, 0-0.6%) in the primary tumor. Comparable results were observed in their related metastases (TILs 3.8%, 0.6-5%; CD8+0%, 0-1.3%; CD4+/FOXP3+0%,0-1.9%). On the contrary, the microenvironment in the control group was richer of TILs (5%, 5-17.5%) in comparison to cases, both in primary tumor (p=0.035) and related metastases (p=0.018). Although CD8+ in controls were similar to cases at primary tumor (p=0.6498), but not at metastasis (p=0.0223), they expressed only one part on the TILs subpopulations (p=0.0060), while TILs in the cases at primary tumor were almost completely CD8+ (p=0.5034).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the lack of activation of immune system in the primary tumor might influence the multifactor process of cancer progression.

Introduction: The Trust in Oncologist Scale (TiOS) is an 18-item questionnaire aimed to assess the cancer patients' trust in their oncologist and has been validated in Dutch and English language. This study aims to validate the Italian version of the TiOS (IT-TiOS) and the TiOS-Short Form (IT-TiOS-SF). Methods: The IT-TiOS was administered to 194 patients recruited in an Italian oncology department from April to December 2018. Data collected included socio-demographic data, health and clinical information, satisfaction with the most recent oncology visit and trust in the regional healthcare system. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent and the structural validity of both the full and short form were tested. Results: Factor analyses indicated that neither four-factor nor one-factor models of the full scale were acceptable. However, confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-dimensionality of the IT-TiOS-SF, and internal consistency assessed with Cronbach's alpha was 0.88. Mean scores on the IT-TiOS-SF correlated with satisfaction with the oncologist (rs = 0.64) and willingness to recommend the oncologist to others (rs = 0.67), confirming good construct validity. Conclusion: The IT-TiOS-SF demonstrates good psychometric properties and can be used to assess trust for both clinical and research purposes.