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In this study we carry out an analysis on the figure of selfprotection duties and, specifically, on their applicability --or not-- in cases of cyber scams. To this end, we make a presentation on the main characteristics of cyberspace as a new criminogenic environment and criminal opportunity. In this sense, we face the constant official figures that show the annual increase in the number of cybercrimes. Among these cybercrimes, cyberfraud occupies a main place, which is why we carried out an analysis of the criminal type of fraud. At the same time, we address the evolution experienced by computer fraud, which has culminated, through LO 14/2022, of December 22, in its autonomy in relation to traditional fraud. Next, we analyze the figure of the victim's self-protection duties and we study its impact, both in relation to traditional scams and in relation to cyber scams. Finally, we support a restrictive interpretation of the aforementioned duties of self-protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In February 2022, the so-called Special Military Operation launched by Vladimir Putin activated the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This article seeks to answer why the conflict between Russia and Ukraine can be configured as a fifth-generation war. The research found that the confrontation between Russia and Ukraine can be categorized as a fifth-generation war because the fighting is taking place in cities, which are categorized as the military, political and economic centers of gravity. Furthermore, the confrontation, despite taking place on the traditional plane of warfare, has also involved the fifth domain of warfare, cyberspace, and finally, the involvement of private military companies in the conflict was identified. In this respect, the qualitative methodological approach allows us to analyses the characteristics of fifth generation warfare in the light of an international case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The cyberspace is a topic with few investigations in Brazil, mainly in Geography, which should expand its discussions in the face of the transformations of society interconnected by networks. In the globalized world, capitalist society is increasingly inserted into cyberspace by its social, economic, political, religious, cultural dynamics, etc. The internet brought many benefits, such as prompt access to information and knowledge, offering a new form of entertainment and relationships, but also presents conflicts, violence and prejudice. Geography must provide theoretical, methodological and axiological tools that allow students to interpret social relations in virtuality and that provide conceptual, procedural and attitudinal bases that contribute to the formation of digital citizenship. This article is presented as one of the reflections constructed in the PhD thesis in Geography, defended in 2024, which positioned geographic science with its categories of analysis in relation to cyberspace and its virtualization process, elaborating a specific definition of what was analyzed by cyberregion, guided by an interscalarity, as exemplified by the contemporary phenomenon of chans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law, State & Telecommunications Review / Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações is the property of Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunicacoes (GETEL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The military now views cyberspace as a new warfare domain, with constant cyber operations potentially causing significant consequences. Internationally, countries are heavily involved in cyberspace, but international law lags behind this evolution, raising questions about its application and retaliation measures. This article investigates international law in cyberspace and cyber operations in warfare and terrorism, exploring recent calls for increased legislation. The impact of cyberspace nonregulation on international security is examined from both positive and negative perspectives. It argues that solving anonymity and attribution issues requires state collaboration, with an initial step of cooperation against cyber‐terrorism. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of cyberspace regulation and legislation for international and national security, offering a starting point for discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Una de las características más relevantes del ser humano es, sin duda, su imaginación. Hemos sido capaces de superar nuestras carencias físicas a través de nuestra prodigiosa mente. No somos el animal más fuerte, no poseemos una poderosa mandíbula, no tenemos alas que nos permitan volar y tampoco tenemos branquias que nos permitan la subsistencia debajo del agua. Sin embargo, gracias a nuestra imaginación surcamos el aire, el mar y hemos sido capaces de poblar el planeta, incluso en sus territorios más inhóspitos. Aun hemos creado un género, la ciencia ficción, que nos transporta a mundos fantásticos y sugerentes en los que el ser humano convive con inventos prodigiosos, robots o incluso cíborgs. Sin embargo, en el siglo XXI cada vez hay más ciencia y menos ficción. Lo que antes eran ensoñaciones de novelistas y directores de cine, hoy día ya es una realidad que avanza a pasos agigantados. El presente trabajo analiza una de esas ensoñaciones. En 1992 surgió el concepto de metaverso para apoyar la ficción de un novelista. En 2023, el concepto de metaverso ha penetrado en la sociedad como un concepto que es real y que, además, es posible. Este estudio pretende analizar si el metaverso puede ser un lugar regulado o un lugar sin regulación. La pregunta nuclear sobre la que gira el artículo es la siguiente: ¿puede existir el Derecho en el metaverso? Para ello, analizaremos el concepto de metaverso y lo distinguiremos de algunas tecnologías actualmente existentes que pueden ser confundidas con el metaverso. También analizaremos el concepto de Derecho y realizaremos una sencilla catalogación de sus sectores para tratar de explicar que, aunque el Derecho es algo unitario, eso no implica que no pueda ser categorizado. Para finalizar, reflexionaremos sobre cómo será o podrá ser el Derecho dentro del metaverso.

En febrero de 2022, en la denominada Operación Militar Especial lanzada por Vladimir Putin se activó el conflicto entre Rusia y Ucrania. Este artículo busca analizar por qué el conflicto entre Rusia y Ucrania se puede configurar como una guerra de quinta generación. De esta manera, la investigación arrojó que dicha confrontación se puede catalogar como una guerra de quinta generación porque los enfrentamientos se han realizado en las ciudades, que son clasificadas como centros de gravedad militares, políticos y económicos. Así mismo, la confrontación, pese a realizarse en el plano tradicional de la guerra, también se ha desarrollado en su quinto dominio, el ciberespacio, y, finalmente, se identificó la participación de las compañías militares privadas de seguridad en el conflicto. Al respecto, el enfoque metodológico cualitativo permite analizar las características de las guerras de quinta generación a la luz de un estudio de caso internacional.

Concepts of ‘cyberspace’, ‘cybersecurity’ and ‘cyberthreats’ and an analysis of policy documents are employed to explore the character and evolution of cybersecurity policies in Mexico, Colombia and the Dominican Republic, chosen as examples of ‘accelerated’, ‘transitional’ and ‘lagging’ Latin American development. Mexico focused on the stability of the Internet as a space that contributes to faster economic growth. Columbia’s ‘risk management’ path seeks a balance between plausible threat evaluation and the estimated cost of eliminating them and concentrates on the active prevention of cyberattacks, emphasising the importance of developing concrete mechanisms for international regulation in the field of cybersecurity. The approach to cybersecurity of the Dominican Republic is based on the idea of ensuring a rapid transition to an innovative development model with the widespread introduction of information and communication technology (ICT), while addressing domestic cybercrime to which ordinary citizens and businesses are constantly exposed to. Comparing these experiences, it is clear that these approaches are characterised by two trends: randomness and non-imitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reflect on the use of cyberspace in the construction of research methodologies in Art Education, Cultural Mediation and Museum Education, focusing the analysis on an experience carried out during the Covid 19 pandemic for the development of a master's thesis. Based on the methodological principles of participatory research, the action led to the construction of collaborative laboratories using Blogger and Instagram platforms, privileging the actions of the participants in proposing educational actions and exchanging knowledge among themselves. The analysis showed that the participants' creations in cyberspace is an exercise of educational reflection on arts and cultures, differentiating themselves from communication and visual marketing content that are commonly found in the virtual environments of cultural institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teoría & Derecho. Revista de Pensamiento Jurídico is the property of Editorial Tirant Lo Blanch SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teología y Vida is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Teologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La utilización de redes sociales por los estudiantes de educación media de los colegios de la Policía Nacional en Bogotá, incluye, la identificación de posibles vacíos en temas de ciberseguridad, pese a programas y estrategias relacionadas con el uso responsable al navegar por el ciberespacio. Esta investigación se sustenta en el paradigma comprensivo- interpretativo (sociológico) con un enfoque mixto de preponderancia cualitativa. Se realizó una revisión documental, encuesta a estudiantes y entrevista en profundidad a padres de familia y docentes. Se agruparon los hallazgos en dos categorías; ciberseguridad y educación. Los resultados de la encuesta evidenciaron una hiper- conectividad por parte de los estudiantes; la interacción realizada a través de las redes sociales, especialmente mediante el intercambio de fotos, videos, compartir estados y hacer video llamadas. Los hallazgos de la entrevista expresan que, si bien cada establecimiento educativo es autónomo, no es claro entre padres de familia, cuidadores y docentes una ruta expresamente definida a seguir al momento de evidenciar peligros emergentes al uso evidenciado en redes sociales. También falta mayor corresponsabilidad al identificar ciertos tipos de conductas que atentan contra los estudiantes, dado que algunos padres consideran que es un tema del cual debe encargarse el colegio, mientras que los docentes discurren que es compromiso de los padres. En conclusión, se deja al descubierto, la necesidad de valorar el grado de aceptación, efectividad y alcance de estrategias desarrolladas por colegios y entes privados o gubernamentales, respecto a la sensibilización en temas de ciberseguridad y uso responsable al navegar en internet.

El ámbito de la gobernanza digital en Taiwán ha sido testigo de un constante crecimiento desde finales del siglo XX, llegando hasta nuestros días con hitos como el de la gestión de la pandemia de COVID-19 o el de la creación del Ministerio de Asuntos Digitales. Para comprender dicho crecimiento es necesario analizar el ciberespacio en el que se encuadra esta gobernanza digital. En este artículo haremos un breve recorrido por el desarrollo político y tecnológico de Taiwán con el objetivo de contextualizar su ciberespacio y su gobernanza digital. Posteriormente prestaremos atención de manera pormenorizada a ambos campos, detallando sus evoluciones históricas y los agentes que actúan en ellos. Finalmente nos centraremos en un caso de estudio que nos permitirá comprender mejor cómo funciona en la práctica la confluencia entre el ciberespacio y la gobernanza digital en Taiwán: su modelo de gestión de la ya citada pandemia de COVID-19.

La masificación de los sistemas digitales posee diversas lecturas. Por un lado, existen beneficios para la sociedad que hacen posible que ciertas actividades se lleven a efecto de forma más rápida; otra lectura ha implicado que se realicen actos delictivos en el espacio virtual. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los delitos informáticos que se perpetran contra niñas, niños y adolescentes y que vulneran los derechos humanos. Se desarrolla bajo el método cualitativo, el cual permite la exploración y compilación de información relacionada con el tema; igualmente se emplea la investigación explicativa para describir la problemática propuesta. Como resultado, se obtiene que los delitos informáticos que se desarrollan contra niñas, niños y adolescentes causan una grave afectación a la dignidad humana. Por último, se determina que por parte del Estado ecuatoriano no existen acciones encaminadas a combatir los actos ilícitos que se ejecutan por medio de los sistemas informáticos.

El artículo describe las tendencias tecnológicas emergentes utilizadas por los actores ilegales del sistema de drogas ilícitas para dinamizar el narcotráfico; especialmente, la posibilidad del anonimato de la operación criminal, el recaudo y lavado de activos de la actividad ilegal y la entrega de las drogas ilegales a través del ciberespacio. Dicho análisis se construye a partir de la experiencia inicial con la construcción de la Unidad Investigativa en Cibernarcotráfico, adscrita a la Dirección de Antinarcóticos, y la revisión y sistematización del estado del arte de la comercialización de drogas en línea de los últimos cuatro años. En este proceso, y como herramientas del fenómeno criminal del cibernarcotráfico, se identifican tres ejes principales de análisis que se abordarán en este documento: redes sociales, cibercrimen y criptoactivos; todos ellos, elementos que, combinados y analizados con las tendencias que dinamizan el fenómeno y los actores de mayor influencia presentes, permiten proyectar tres escenarios probables a mediano plazo.

A partir de la novedad tecnológica traída por la Inteligencia artificial, sus efectos se hacen sentir en múltiples ámbitos de la realidad, y entre ellos el campo de la Propiedad Intelectual o Derecho de autor. Este trabajo da breve cuenta de la incidencia de esta tecnología en la autoría de obras artísticas o intelectuales que aparecen creadas por una Inteligencia artificial. El estudio se ocupa más extensamente a continuación del Metaverso, como evolución del Ciberespacio, y sus posibles utilizaciones como nuevo medio de comunicación, distribución y soporte de obras artísticas e intelectuales. Seguidamente se ocupa de los nuevos formatos de digitalización de obras como son los tokens, archivos digitales encriptados que pueden contener, además de otros datos valiosos, obras de arte digitalizadas y encriptadas. Estos nuevos bienes digitales se han comportado además como activos de inversión, con un gran éxito en el mercado del arte, donde alcanzan cotizaciones altísimas.

The use of social networks by high school students from National Police schools in Bogotá includes the identification of possible gaps in cybersecurity issues, despite programmes and strategies related to responsible use when browsing cyberspace. This research is based on the comprehensive-interpretive (sociological) paradigm with a mixed approach of qualitative predominance. A documentary review, a student survey and an in-depth interview with parents and speakers were carried out. The findings were grouped into two categories; cybersecurity and education. The results of the survey showed hyper-connectivity on the part of the students; the interaction carried out through social networks, especially through the exchange of photos, videos, sharing statuses and making video calls. The findings of the interview express that, although each educational establishment is autonomous, among parents, caregivers and teachers an expressly defined route is not clear to follow when evidencing emerging dangers to the use evidenced in social networks. There is also a lack of greater co-responsibility when identifying certain types of behaviour that threaten students, given that some parents consider that it is an issue that the school should take care of, while teachers believe that it is the parents' responsibility. In conclusion, the need to assess the degree of acceptance, the effectiveness and the scope of strategies developed by schools and private or government entities, with respect to raising awareness on cybersecurity issues and responsible use when browsing the Internet, is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capitalist accumulation requires technological revolution, legal regulation of the workforce, territorialized habits, commodification of nature and life, sociotechnical fluidity of territories and places in the socio-spatial division of labor and control of the individual and society. In this article, the objective is to observe the political geography of neoliberal accumulation by spoliation of corporations Big Tech through the surveillance of life experience for the purpose of grabbing personal and collective data. The methodology is based on the rescue of bibliography about the techno-informational revolution in times of neoliberalism and social networks. The conclusion reached is the use of social networks as a sociotechnical-informational instrument to control individuals through faith in progress and in voluntary servitude for the Big Tech capital accumulation schemes through the spoliation of life experience in cyberspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) contributes to public administration by augmenting public services, including managing big data and information technology. AI is currently utilized in e‐government services that contribute value to American citizens, including providing a personalized customer experience, such as linking individualized data and processing individual assistance requests. Furthermore, AI can take over redundant routine tasks such as digital information provisioning and delivering services. However, in the United States, there is no overarching policy that governs AI. Inconsistent public policy contributes to public distrust of AI, concerns about privacy intrusion, and fears of inequitable service delivery. This review article discusses the rapid emergence of government applications of AI and provides a systematic review of proposed AI governance models. It then outlines their common components for the purpose of building a coherent, yet adaptable, AI Governance Framework and proposes a research agenda for policy and administration researchers. Related Articles: Glen, Carol M. 2014. "Internet Governance: Territorializing Cyberspace?" Politics & Policy 42(5): 635–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12093. Glen, Carol M. 2021. "Norm Entrepreneurship in Global Cybersecurity." Politics & Policy 49(5): 1121–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12430. Zeng, Jinghan, Tim Stevens, and Yaru Chen. 2017. "China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of 'Internet Sovereignty.'" Politics & Policy 45(3): 432–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo presentamos una aproximación al problema de la seguridad en el ciberespacio desde una perspectiva sociocultural. Comenzamos caracterizando el nuevo espacio a través de un modelo estratificado que da relevancia a las personas como agentes que utilizan y dan sentido a la infraestructura tecnológica. Mostramos cómo la expansión del ciberespacio ha generado de manera paralela un aumento de la cibercriminalidad, en sus distintas formas ‒ciberdelito, ciberterrorismo, ciberguerra, entre otros. Sin obviar la importancia de la tecnología subyacente, nos centramos en el papel del factor humano analizando las principales ciberamenazas a las que estamos expuestos y los actores que intervienen. Finalmente, apuntamos cómo el rápido avance del ciberespacio en extensión y profundidad dará soluciones asombrosas a ciertas necesidades humanas, pero a la vez aumentará la vulnerabilidad abriendo un escenario de alto riesgo que la sociedad tendrá que enfrentar para establecer la confianza necesaria que garantice la seguridad y la libertad en el nuevo entorno. Concluimos defendiendo que las ciencias sociales tienen un papel esencial pues los problemas que atañen a la seguridad y los derechos no pueden abordarse como una cuestión meramente técnica.

As historical-qualitative research, this article consists of a systematic investigation on platformisation in the world-systems. We evaluate that these digital platform ecosystems activities reflect the ideological orientation which permeates their respective geographical cyberspaces. Thus, we propose a cyberspace division between the named United States' international cyberspace - neoliberal oriented - and the national insulated Chinese cyberspace - projectment oriented. We conclude that the foundations of this phenomena are found in the second innovation wave of the Digital Era and that platformisation in China doesn't manifest itself only through strict state regulation over practices of platformed corporations, but as well through grand State coordinated projects in partnership with their national platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text presents reflections on young people's experience in Aglomerado da Serra, an urban periphery area, in the city of Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais. Those reflections are the result of an ethnography developed among young people in the territory they live and in cyberspace as well. The research in digital social media revealed that urban places such as cities, neighborhoods and the streets are not only digitized, but also mark online socialization of the youth. Their posts on social media show interfaces between the city and the web and cyberspace was revealed to be a fold of urban life. The place where they live has not only the function of spatial reference or space of residence anymore, but also of a social and symbolic category, an essential component of the plot of their identity references and of their processes of socialization and individualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El ciberespacio es un ámbito en el que el avance y el desarrollo tecnológico, imparables en su velocidad y en su impacto, contrastan con una situación de relativo impasse desde el punto de vista jurídico. El derecho se ha ocupado de su regulación mediante una aproximación sectorial, coyuntural y fragmentaria que difícilmente puede cubrir sus necesidades de normación. El aumento de la criminalidad y de la conflictividad cibernética constituye una prueba evidente y constante de las carencias de esa regulación. La ordenación jurídica del ciberespacio requiere un planteamiento global y coherente sobre la base de un análisis previo de esta realidad y de los condicionantes y presupuestos que impone y que la diferencian de otros espacios sujetos a regulación. La amenaza cibernética supone un cambio de paradigma porque es diferente, completamente deslocalizada, insuficientemente apreciada y de naturaleza estructural. La conflictividad ciberespacial se manifiesta, asimismo, de un modo singular en la cibercriminalidad, el ciberespionaje, el ciberterrorismo y la ciberguerra, diferenciándose de sus homólogas no virtuales y difuminándose los límites entre esas diversas categorías. El ciberespacio impone, también, la necesidad de abordar ciertos cambios en los modelos de organización interna e internacional.

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This article discusses the use of digital tools in the period of emergency remote education implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to reconstruct the meanings of technologies in education in the light of hermeneutic rationality. For this, a bibliographical review is used aiming to present the hermeneutic rationality as a possibility of theoretical-conceptual understanding about the use of digital technologies in remote teaching. Based on the research carried out, it was possible to conclude that the use of digital tools analyzed from the perspective of hermeneutic rationality allows bringing historicity and language as a basis for access to the world and for the development of students through understanding and dialogue, in a process of semantic linkage between tradition and knowledge innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, we discuss a pedagogical need that has been highlighted in recent years in Education, mainly due to the coronavirus pandemic phenomenon: the urgency of virtual learning environments to enhancing students' sense of belonging. This research objective was to design a Digital Learning Object (DLO) whose motto is the pains of the students of a Higher Education Institution (HEI). The purpose was to present a proposal for a situationally designed ODA, to enhance Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) usage and instigate the feeling of belonging to a (virtual) place between teacher and student, i.e., the affective relationship in cyberspace. At this regard, we questioned: how could the affective relationship be possible through a virtual environment to promote learning? The methodological foundation of this research was subdivided into three moments and by a triangular nature: bibliographic, qualitative and exploratory retrospective (to build a hypothesis). The results achieved demonstrate that there are factors that must be considered in the affective relationship and the feeling of belonging among students: internet access' quality, the pedagogical architecture of the virtual environment, and the neurocognitive experience with digital objects. We highlight a proposal for a digital learning object called Conecta Mais, which is in pilot phase of application in a higher education institution in the state of Paraná. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article demonstrates that information and communication technologies, which are actively implemented in modern life, have no analogues in the past. Reality, characterized by the concept of "cyberspace", has become one of the main factors of socio-cultural reality, a special living environment with which all spheres of public life are connected - economic, social, political, spiritual. Modernity is characterized by the emergence of electronic virtual reality, which significantly changes the language, bringing in new elements of communication. Today, the Internet in some way is a global information space that unites all existing telecommunications and information networks. It is stated that the formation of global information networks has become a direct consequence of computer technology, so the global information space is primarily cybernetic (computer) in nature. The question is raised about the spatial and temporal characteristics of virtual reality and their ontological substantiation, because cyberspace presupposes the existence of a certain world, characterized by the length and metrics represented in consciousness. The thesis about the sociality of cyberspace is substantiated. It is shown that cyberspace is artificially maintained and developed by real space, so it is concluded that it is impossible and inexpedient to study it as an independent phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La representación de pertenencia a alguna unidad territorial se ha organizado casi siempre en torno a lógicas inclusivas que generalmente partían de lo local y se extendían en círculos concéntricos y discontinuos hasta lo regional, nacional e internacional. Las modificaciones espacio temporales generadas por las nuevas formas de comunicación que permiten las tecnologías de la comunicación han generado nuevas dinámicas de transnacionalismos desterritorializados donde están aflorando nuevas comunidades construidas de subjetividades y colectividades no circunscriptas a un territorio sino difusas y diseminadas en una malla o red. Estas redes de comunicación toman la red global de ordenadores como la base tecnosimbólica para la emergencia de lo que diversos autores vienen a denominar la comunidad transnacional imaginada-virtual. Los así llamados ciberespacio y cibercultura son los universos típicos donde las dinámicas del transnacionalismo pueden expresarse en su plenitud.

The emergence of the Internet brought about significant changes that altered the hypermodern life experience. Faced with this new scenario, how are subjectivities produced? This paper seeks to reflect on the current exposure of the digital image of the body and its relation to the processes of subjectivation. Based on studies on digital culture carried out in Latin America and their interlocution with Jacques Lacan's theory of the mirror stage, it delves into the dimension of virtuality and its impact on subjectivity, which is addressed regarding its aspect of extimacy and liquid plurality and is constructed from a digital body produced for the gaze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes Ukraine's cybersecurity system, its place, and its role in a single configuration of national security. The methods used include formal-dogmatic, comparative-legal, sociological, and hermeneutics. The research revealed that effective cybersecurity must be addressed comprehensively, requiring coordinated action at the national, regional, and international levels to prevent, prepare, and respond to incidents by the government, the private sector, and civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to weave an analysis of the relationships woven between work, cyberspace and the creation of new spatialities. Thus, when considering the development of new communication technologies and their relationship with the precariousness of work, it becomes possible to reflect on the nuances of cyberspace and this implications for contemporary work dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los ciberataques en tiempos de paz – por parte de grupos de hacktivistas, organizaciones criminales transnacionales o bandas terroristas – aumentan cada año más, suponiendo para los Estados la ciberamenaza más frecuente contra sus infraestructuras informáticas. Ante esta realidad, la comunidad internacional no cuenta todavía con una herramienta jurídica eficaz para atribuir la responsabilidad internacional a aquellos Estados desde cuyo territorio dichos actores no estatales lanzan sus ciberataques contra otros países. Por tanto, en el presente artículo se propone la adopción del concepto de “ciberdiligencia debida”. Partiendo de la noción clásica de “diligencia debida” desarrollada en el Derecho internacional del medioambiente, se sugiere que la “ciberdiligencia debida” permitiría identificar con más facilidad al Estado responsable y atribuirle la responsabilidad por no adoptar las medidas preventivas, como las de monitoreo, necesarias para oponerse a las actividades cibernéticas ilícitas de estos grupos privados.

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In an era dominated by social media, reportedly more concerned with self-expression than self-reflection, the classical injunction to ‘Know Thyself’ has renewed purchase. Increased self-knowledge on the whole enables a student to become more self-determining by exercising a choice, a ‘freedom to be’ that is central to the human condition. Identity construction, development and formation are all considered important functions within education, and many teachers adopt a pedagogical approach that stimulates adolescents to connect what they are taught to who they are and want to be. However, much of this development of self-knowledge takes place in non-formal learning environments, be they co-curricular clubs or activities outside of school. It is my contention that social media offers as much in terms of exploring new identity positions as these more traditional locations for self-learning. Although many do not feel a need to articulate and share in order to believe they are present in the world there are an increasing number of those, who believe that to be is to be perceived through online expression. Rather than focusing upon the envy inducing ‘Perfect Me’ posts that are so often linked to the decline in adolescent mental health and wellbeing, this paper explores how mundane and banal posts on social media can be used to frame and reframe aspects of modern life which in turn promotes self-learning. By drawing attention to the average, everydayness of existence, the relationship between the seemingly ordinary and self-knowledge becomes more apparent. This paper considers the potential individuals have for coming to know themselves a little more deeply as they move through a process of self expression, to self curation, to self construal, to self construction. Rather than asking ‘What is it to be in the [online] world?’ it poses the slightly different question: ‘What is it to present being?’. It also considers the space between these two questions as offering potential for fostering the wider educational ideal, that of greater self-knowledge.

El mundo digital o ciberespacio es una de las realidades más representativas de nuestra época, debido al amplio y extendido impacto que ha tenido en la vida humana. Es imposible negar la gran implicancia antropológica que tienen las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación. Por esto, se vuelve necesario un abordaje interdisciplinar capaz de brindar una renovada visión ética del uso de la Internet. Este estudio intentará desarrollarlo en el marco de una concepción filosófica que ofrezca un verdadero diálogo con los aportes de la Psicología, la Sociología y la Antropología, de modo que las problemáticas sociales señaladas reciban una respuesta en sus aspectos fundamentales.

El ciberespacio se encuentra en expansión tanto por las actividades sociodigitales que ahí ocurren, como por los usos que las personas, instituciones y empresas le dan. Compuesto de una estructura digital ilimitada, ofrece diversos servicios para diferentes áreas del quehacer humano. Una de estas formas de interacción son las redes sociodigitales, que se erigen como parte de los medios digitales sociales. El objetivo es revisar, contrastar y destacar hallazgos de diferentes estudios respecto a los usos comunicacionales de Facebook, atendiendo a los principales enfoques para analizar el fenómeno. La metodología realizada fue una de artículos de investigación académica en diferentes plataformas científicas y revistas indexadas buscando las características, las temáticas y usos que se dan a Facebook como medio de comunicación. Los resultados presentan una utilización heterogénea de la plataforma, sin embargo, aunque se observa un fuerte uso del medio aún faltan por construir estrategias adecuadas de comunicación y aprovechar mejor el recurso a nivel interactivo.

El impacto de internet en la sociedad, el surgimiento de tecnologías y desarrollos característicos de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, la vigencia de diversas formas de influencia o desinformación, y la manifestación del ciberespacio como escenario predominante y transversal para la guerra constituyen una agrupación de elementos y métodos que han sido aprovechados para afectar la estabilidad política, económica y social de las naciones e, incluso, su imagen internacional. Mediante un desarrollo investigativo con enfoque cualitativo, se evidenció la práctica de manipulación social hostil sobre tres objetivos: el estudio de casos en los ámbitos nacional e internacional; la identificación de técnicas y modalidades practicadas en dichos casos, y la determinación de lineamentos para contrarrestar ese tipo de campañas. Se obtuvieron como resultados: la efectividad de su implementación, los enormes retos que debe enfrentar Colombia ante un desafío de tal magnitud y la necesidad de tomar medidas oportunas con el fin de mitigar el impacto negativo en la nación.

This article brings to light the impacts caused in the extension project Dialogues in Paulo Freire and Popular Education - LEFREIRE - and the problematization of the remote encounter in the action-reflection-action movement. When liberating education is the guiding tendency of educational actions, we think in the collective act that takes place in the encounter of people who dialogue, criticize and reflect on the living conditions of excluded groups, from the most embracing and planetary contexts to the remarkable local realities. The covid-19 pandemic, as a current event, has caused the rupture of face-to-face and interactive dynamics. At first glance, social withdrawal, by making it difficult to continue the activities involved in proximity to the other person, has raised questions that call into question the validity of educational approaches in the remote space. The emerging need for revisiting pedagogical trends is considered as a means of finding ways for research and verifying whether it is possible to deliver liberating education by distance without falling into the network of an impersonal and contentious practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]