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In this research, a mining effluent was used to produce microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass to obtain red (carotenoids) and blue pigments (phycocyanin). Two strains were isolated from a hydrothermal source in Norte de Santander and grown in mining wastewater mixed with 50% BG-11 medium for the Osci_UFPS01 cyanobacterium and 50% with Bold Basal medium for the Chlo_UFPS01 microalgae. A carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus experiment design was developed, and subsequent response surface analysis (RSM) was used to determine the optimal operating conditions for the formation of the products of interest. A notable decrease in pigment production was observed compared to that in the controls without mining wastewater. Overall, 45% of phycocyanin (C PC) per unit dry weight (DW) and 1,129% (w/w) of carotenoids were obtained in the cultures with a mining wastewater mixture in the final optimization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hoy en día, los derrames de petróleo no son casos aislados. El uso en gran medida de hidrocarburos genera altas tasas de probabilidades de derrames. Lamentablemente, el Perú no es la excepción en la incidencia de derrames de petróleo. Ante estos eventos la biorremediación con microorganismos marinos (bacterias y cianobacterias) surge como una solución sostenible para implementar planes de contingencia ante potenciales acontecimientos de contaminación por hidrocarburos. Entre las bacterias más importantes resaltan los géneros Achromobacter, Acinetobacter y Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Haloferula, Ruegeria y Alcanivorax. Asimismo, bacterias nativas peruanas como Vibrio fluvialis y Vibrio sp. y la cianobacteria Anabaena cicadae han mostrado potencial de biodegradación. Es imperativo que las autoridades promuevan la investigación sobre el uso de consorcios microbianos autóctonos en ambientes naturales en adición de nutrientes, en diferentes estratos y zonificación de la costa peruana.

Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are an increasingly common global problem due to eutrophication, the effects of climate change and increased surveillance efforts in aquatic ecosystems. In Cuba, several ecosystems have been analyzed in the eastern region, demonstrating that this risk occurs to surface and inland waters, due to climatic conditions, mainly in small ecosystems with great human pressures. However, other areas are still unexplored. The objective of this work was to implement a risk management protocol in the San Blas Lagoon, Camaguey, due to the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in the ecosystem, following a community report, with the death of domestic and wild animals; unpleasant odors and dermatological symptoms in humans. A management protocol and community actions were implemented to minimize the impact of toxic cyanobacteria. In this small eutrophic reservoir, the presence of a mixed bloom of toxigenic cyanobacteria was confirmed, being Spherospermopsis torques-reginae the majority, as well as other nine species associated with the production of microcystins, anatoxins and/or cylindrospermopsins were identified. Strategic actions were implemented to contain the risk situation, with the participation of the community and experts, led by the Camagüey Criminalistics Laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic organisms that possess a high adaptive capacity to different environments, allowing them to pioneer terrestrial ecosystems. The objective of this study was to compare the cyanobacterial community in two areas of secondary mountain forest: one seven days after a fire (post-fire soil) and another nearby without fire (control soil). The collected samples were cultivated for 8 weeks under controlled conditions. A total of 35 taxa were identified: 2 unicellular, 24 filamentous without heterocytous, and 9 with heterocytous cyanobacteria; 13 of them represent the first record for soils in Córdoba. Microcoleus vaginatus was the most frequent taxon, along with Scytonema hoffmannii, Desmonostoc muscorum, and Nostoc commune, which persisted until the end of the experiment. The presence of exclusive organisms such as Calothrix brevissima, Chlorogloeopsis fritschii, and Cylindrospermum muscicola in the control soils highlights their sensitivity to this type of disruptive event in the community. The availability of nitrogen, CO content, and pH are the physicochemical soil variables that define the community structure. This work is contributing to increase our knowledge of soil restoration after forest fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drylands cover ~41% of the earth's surface and suffer from degradation, soil erosion, and biodiversity and biomass reductions of vascular plant and biological soil crusts (BSC). Biological soil crusts are communities of cyanobacteria, lichens, algae and bryophytes associated with soil particles. This study aims to identify the optimal growth conditions of biological soil crusts, through culture and propagation tests in greenhouse under different light, moisture, and salinity levels. Different types of biocrusts, dominated by cyanobacteria, cyanolichens, and mosses, were cultivated in greenhouses. The biocrusts were grown in pots under three radiation (high, medium and low) and irrigation (distilled water every three and two weeks and weekly watering). The salt dissolved in the irrigation water was added to another group of pots (S1: -0.05 M NaCl; S2: -0.1 M NaCl). Total biological soil crust cover and each functional type of cover was determined by photographs of each pot using the SamplePoint free software. Results indicated that total biocrust cover increased after 24 months of being cultivated. Higher total biocrust cover were obtained under the weekly irrigation treatments for medium and low radiation levels. Among these treatments, pots sown with mosses reached higher biocrust cover than the other functional types, more than 70%, followed by pots sown with cyanobacteria and cyanolichens. Pots without sowing also registered biological soil crust growth, favored by low and medium irradiances with maximum irrigation. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment, cyanobacteria grew in pots sown with all functional types. Saline solution irrigation impaired biological soil crust cover compared to pots without saline solution. In conclusion, functional type sown as cyanobacteria and mosses, low radiation and high irrigation frequency benefited biocrusts growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se monitorearon las aguas costeras de 6 playas recreativas en la costa de Campeche en el golfo de México de marzo a octubre de 2019. Los rangos de temperatura, salinidad y pH variaron según la temporada y probablemente estuvieron influenciados por la hidrografía local y la poca profundidad del área de estudio. Los taxones nocivos identificados en este estudio incluyeron 3 especies de diatomeas, 5 dinoflagelados y 2 cianobacterias, con abundancias que oscilaron entre 102 y 105 cél·L–1. Dentro de la comunidad de fitoplancton, los fitoflagelados (nanofitoplancton 20 μm), incluidas diatomeas, dinoflagelados y cianobacterias, fue un componente secundario con densidades que oscilaron entre 103 y 106 cél·L–1. El dinoflagelado Pyrodinium bahamense, identificado como tóxico para los humanos en la costa de Campeche, mostró una abundancia máxima de 2.0 × 105 cel·L–1 en mayo en Boca del Río. La diatomea tóxica Pseudo-nitzschia exhibió una abundancia máxima de 105 cél·L–1 en Payucan en mayo. Los géneros de cianobacterias Anabaena y Trichodesmium exhibieron abundancias que oscilaron entre 102 y 104 cél·L–1. En todas las estaciones y meses se presentaron fitoplancton y cianobacterias potencialmente dañinos, lo que indica que es necesario un monitoreo continuo para evaluar la calidad de las playas y garantizar la seguridad de las playas recreativas.

The present article reviews the current state of production of microorganisms as a source of nutrients, with emphasis on microbial groups such as yeasts, bacteria, cyanobacteria and microalgae, which show a high potential for their massive production. Many microorganisms can be a source of nutritious, sustainable ingredients for both, human populations and livestock. Food items derived from fisheries and agriculture have an important role in satisfying the current human population needs. However, it is forecast that the growth of these industries will be restricted due to overfishing and unavailability of arable land. Among the alternative sources of nutrients, the biomass produced from several microbial sources has been considered a promising substitute for the proteins currently supplied by plants and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pig farming plays an important role in the Brazilian economy, but it may trigger environmental issues, especially regarding the contamination of water resources. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the deposition of effluents from a pig farm on the phytoplankton assemblage composition and limnological parameters at different spots of the Divisa River - Fazenda São Luís, Aparecida de Minas/MG, Brazil. Over six months, we analyzed several variables at three different sampling sites on the surface of a coastal zone. We registered seventy-four phytoplankton genera, with Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae representing the most abundant classes, and Cryptophyceae and Cyanophyceae displaying the highest densities. The PERMANOVA analysis revealed dissimilarity between sampling sites P1 x P3 and P2 x P3, and the SIMPER analysis showed that Cryptophyceae and Cyanophyceae contributed to the observed dissimilarity. The correspondence canonical analysis (CCA) allowed the organization of sampled sites in three groups, in which the phytoplankton composition was distinguished according to trophic gradients. We concluded that pig farming effluents discharged without previous treatment into water bodies exert influences in both the phytoplankton community and the dynamics of its assemblage, by increasing total phosphorus and contributing for increased abundances of Cryptophyceae and Cyanophyceae in the last evaluated site (P3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se revisa el estado actual del uso de microorganismos como insumos alimenticios. Se enfatiza la producción de grupos microbianos tales como levaduras, bacterias, cianobacterias y microalgas, los cuales muestran un alto potencial para ser cultivados masivamente. Los alimentos derivados de la pesca y agricultura tienen un papel primordial al satisfacer las actuales necesidades poblacionales; sin embargo, el aumento de la producción de estos insumos se verá restringido debido a la sobrepesca y al límite de tierra arable disponible. Entre las diversas fuentes alternativas de nutrientes, la biomasa derivada de microorganismos ha sido considerada como un prometedor sustituto de las proteínas animales y vegetales debido a que presentan excelentes características nutricionales para humanos y para animales de cría.

A strategy that could partially or totally reduce the use of chemical synthesis fertilizers is the application of cyanobacteria with agricultural potential that promote plant growth, which powers them in the conception of a sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the effect of four concentrations of an extract of Limnospira maxima (0, 4, 8, and 12 mg mL-1), on some physiological aspects of Stevia rebaudiana and Solanum melongena in house vegetation. Treatments were arranged under a complete random design and parameters of gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, biometric characteristics and biomass distribution were measured. The most important results indicated that in Stevia rebaudiana and Solanum melongena the rates of net photosynthesis increased respectively by 40,03% and 22,45% when cyanobacteria was applied. On the other hand, plants of both species that were inoculated required less electrons to maximize their photosynthesis rates, increased leaf area, plant height and biomass distribution in roots and leaves. The most important physiological indicator was net photosynthesis and this was positively correlated with almost all the parameters studied. The results suggest that the use extracts of L. maxima may be a biotechnological alternative of organic fertilization useful for the development of sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La investigación se realizó en el período de septiembre del 2020 a octubre del 2021 en el municipio de Lajas, provincia Cienfuegos, utilizando Costras Biológicas del Suelo (CBS),provenientes del Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Universidad de Cienfuegos, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto fertilizante de las Costras Biológicas del Suelo dominadas por cianobacterias y su combinación con cachaza, mediante la determinación de variables morfoagronómicas en el cultivo del maíz ,tales como: número de hojas, altura y diámetro del tallo de las plantas. Se realizó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar aplicándose ocho tratamientos: T1 suelo 100%; T2 suelo 50% y CBS 50%; T3 suelo 50% y cachaza 50%; T4 suelo 75% y CBS 25%; T5 suelo 75% y cachaza 25%; T6 suelo 50%, CBS 25% y cachaza 25%; T7 suelo 50%, CBS 30% y cachaza 20%; T8 suelo 50%, CBS 20% y cachaza 30%. El número de hojas por planta fue de 8 a 10 hojas a los 48 días. La altura y diámetro del tallo fue mayor en todos los tratamientos con respecto al control, siendo en los tratamientos con presencia de costra donde se obtuvieron los mayores resultados.

Foi desenvolvida uma ação de extensão junto aos professores de escolas da rede básica de ensino em 18 estados brasileiros, abrangendo ao todo 47 municípios, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2021. Essa Ação ocorreu de forma virtual, utilizando os Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem. Os objetivos foram divulgar o conteúdo sobre microalgas e cianobactérias, muitas vezes pouco comentado nas salas de aula em todos os níveis de ensino, assim como pouco abordado nos livros didáticos em geral, e também propor ideias didáticas de como trabalhar esse conteúdo nas salas de aula da educação infantil até o ensino médio. A ação caracterizou-se pela pluralidade de ideias e experiências docentes. Foram discutidas as dificuldades de trabalhar os conteúdos deste tema em sala de aula e despertar o interesse dos alunos. Encerrada a ação de extensão, alguns professores cursistas extensionistas, juntamente com a coordenadora, elaboraram um e-book abordando atividades lúdicas de ensino com microalgas, desde a educação infantil até o ensino médio. Esse material encontra-se disponível on-line, de forma gratuita, na biblioteca virtual da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul.

Las tecnologías “ómicas” son herramientas novedosas que facilitan el estudio de las comunidades microbianas de distintos ecosistemas, particularmente de la costra biológica del suelo, también llamada biocostra. Entre estas tecnologías se encuentran la genómica, transcriptómica, proteómica, metabolómica y metagenómica, que son utilizadas para analizar la diversidad y las funciones que llevan a cabo los microorganismos a través del estudio de sus biomoléculas y vías metabólicas. Entre los microorganismos que habitan la biocostra destacan las cianobacterias, las cuales son un grupo de bacterias fototróficas encargadas de realizar procesos importantes en el suelo, tal como la fijación de nitrógeno atmosférico, carbono orgánico, síntesis de clorofila y ficobilinas, así como la producción de exopolisacáridos para mejorar la estabilidad y fertilidad del suelo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente revisión es el de explorar la diversidad y la función que desempeñan estas comunidades microbianas en la biocostra, particularmente las cianobacterias, destacando los estudios realizados mediante el uso de las tecnologías ómicas. El conocimiento generado en los últimos años a través de las tecnologías ómicas ha demostrado la limitada cobertura que presentan las técnicas moleculares tradicionales, resultando en una subestimación de la diversidad real de las comunidades microbianas. Además, se ha mejorado la comprensión de los procesos ecológicos desarrollados por los microorganismos en beneficio de la biocostra, así como las capacidades funcionales individuales y colectivas, las cuales servirán como línea base para proponer estrategias importantes que solucionen la problemática de la degradación de los suelos.

O semiárido brasileiro abrange áreas territoriais de oito Estados, desde o Nordeste até o norte de Minas Gerais, apresentando duas estações climáticas bem definidas durante o ano, uma chuvosa (dezembro a abril), e outra seca (maio a novembro). Durante o curto período chuvoso são formadas as lagoas temporárias, ecossistemas que abrigam uma flora bastante peculiar de macrófitas, adaptadas às condições de alta incidência luminosa e a sazonalidade pluviométrica da região. Associada a essa flora aquática, ocorre uma rica comunidade perifítica, que inclui, por exemplo, bactérias, fungos, pequenos metazoários e, especialmente, uma ampla diversidade de microalgas e cianobactérias. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar a ficoflórula perifítica associada às macrófitas aquáticas de lagoas temporárias do semiárido baiano. A amostragem foi realizada em seis lagoas temporárias, localizadas ao longo da BA-052 (Estrada do Feijão), nos municípios de Ipirá (1 lagoa), Morro do Chapéu (3 lagoas), Baixa Grande (1 lagoa) e na BA-143, no Município de Piritiba (1 lagoa), nos meses de julho e setembro de 2013. Foram identificadas sete espécies de macrófitas e 43 táxons de microalgas e cianobactérias perifíticas. Este estudo pioneiro contribui para o preenchimento de lacunas de conhecimento sobre o perifíton de lagoas temporárias, evidenciando que, embora efêmeros, em função do padrão sazonal de chuvas, abrigam uma importante diversidade de macrófitas, bem como uma rica ficoflora. Estes produtores primários são essenciais para o funcionamento desses habitats temporários, proporcionando serviços ecossistêmicos para populações humanas, bem como contribuindo para a biodiversidade de regiões semiáridas.

The study of shallow tropical environments in northwestern Argentina is poorly developed. The Itiyuro reservoir is of major importance for supplying drinking water to more than 100000 people in the San Martin department. The development of cyanobacterial blooms with cyanotoxin-producing species in the reservoir constitutes a health problem. The present study explores the relationship between phytoplankton communities and limnological variables in the Caraparí river and the Itiyuro reservoir, between June 2018 and January 2020, using standardized techniques. Bacillariophyta were dominant in the river, and cyanobacteria and chlorophytes, in the reservoir. A multispecific bloom of cyanobacteria was observed in the summer of the last year sampled. Only 22% of the species in the reservoir were dominant, including Aphanizomenon gracile, Raphidiopsis spp., Pseudanabaena limnetica and Monoraphidium contortum; this implies a low average dominance (0.29) in 65% of the samples. In both systems, 50% of the species were rare, and the abundance of the constant species was low. Phytoplankton abundance --and, in particular, of cyanobacteria-- was higher in the high-water phase, characterized by a high average temperature (22.7 °C) and higher nutrient inputs from runoff. To date, there is no continuous monitoring of the reservoir by the drinking water service providers. Performing periodic samplings would allow the detection of algal and cyanobacterial blooms and the release of toxins in time, as well as developing management protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os processos de fotocatálise heterogênea e adsorção são apontados como alternativas economicamente favoráveis para remoção de contaminantes em água e fazem parte de uma das áreas mais intensamente investigadas devido ao caráter promissor de suas aplicações. Porém, como o gargalo da aplicação tecnológica da fotocatálise heterogênea é a retenção e a reutilização do fotocatalisador dióxido de titânio, faz-se ainda necessário estudar técnicas para sua imobilização em suportes sólidos. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o potencial do processo de fotocatálise heterogênea consorciado à adsorção para o tratamento de água contendo Microcystis aeruginosa e seus metabólitos. O uso de argilominerais se mostra bastante promissor nas áreas de adsorção e catálise voltadas para o saneamento ambiental.

An extension action was developed with teachers who work on the basic network education in 18 Brazilian states, including 47 municipalities, during the months of May and June in 2021. This action was developed in a virtual form, using virtual learning tools. The goals were to inform about the contents of microalgae and cyanobacteria, which receive little attention in all schools levels most of the time, as well as in textbooks in general, and to propose didactic ideas on how to work this content in classrooms from kindergarten to high school. The plurality of educational ideas and experiences characterized the project experience. It was discussed the hardships of teaching this subject and of sparking interest among the students. When the extension action finished, some participants of the course, along with the coordinator, elaborated an e-book addressing the topics from early childhood education to secondary school. This e-book can be found online for free on the virtual library of the State University of Rio Grande do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Basilio Badillo dam is a habitat for terrestrial and aquatic species and site for recreational and economic activities. Currently, there exist studies related to the chemistry of the stored water however this work is the first directed to describe its biodiversity. The relative abundance of aquatic species depends on their ability to adapt to climate, nutrients, light intensity, oxygen, pollution and residence time of the water in the dam. The objective of this work is to determine the diversity of phytoplankton. Six monitoring stations were established for the analyzed variables: pH, conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen with a multiparameter probe. Phytoplankton samples were collected by surface trawling. The Shannon index of the dam was 2.52 (light contamination), it is worth mentioning that 37.8% of microalgae was identified as Chlorophytes, 34.1% corresponded to Cyanobacteria, 27.3% diatoms, 0.3% Cryptophytes, 0.3% Euglenophytes and 0.15% Dinoflagellates. The dominant species were cyanobacteria: Microcystis novacekii, M. aureginosa and Fragilaria crotensis (diatom), all of them bioindicator species of eutrophicated water bodies, it is worth mentioning that cyanobacteria have toxic potential. The station with the lowest diversity index 1.23 was station one. Conclusions: based on biodiversity, the body of water was classified as slightly polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microbialites played a major role in the Precambrian ecosystems but became restricted to stressful marginal environments for most of the Phanerozoic, reaching comparable abundance and expansion only in the aftermath of some mass extinctions. Microbialite occurrences are known from Permian deposits of the Paraná Basin, but they are all geographically restricted and mostly associated with hypersaline settings. Here are reported silicified, microfossiliferous microbialite beds of the middle Permian Teresina Formation at two localities in the center of São Paulo State, Brazil, which are separated from each other by approximately 40 km. These microbialites occur in successions that are mainly devoid of animal body and trace fossils. Similarities in microbialite morphotype and microstructure, microfossil content and preservation, and diagenetic histories strongly suggest a stratigraphic correlation and, therefore, a major microbial development over an extensive area, contrasting with the previously known restricted occurrences. This development seems to be related to the establishment of more arid conditions in the Paraná Basin, ultimately linked to the formation of Pangea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar as variáveis que poderiam influenciar na qualidade da água do Rio Paraíba do Sul (PSR), como cobertura vegetal em áreas de preservação permanente (PPA), pluviosidade e índice de estado trófico (TSI). As zonas ripárias foram classificadas de acordo com a cobertura vegetal através de imagens de satélite: Cobertura vegetal arbórea (TPC), Área Permeável (PER) e Área Impermeável (IMP). As concentrações de fósforo total (TP) e clorofila-a (CL) foram utilizadas para determinar o TSI do PSR. Uma análise de correlação multivariada foi realizada usando os valores de TSI, a precipitação e o tipo de cobertura vegetal. Além disso, foi avaliada a presença de cianobactérias. Observou-se uma maior ocorrência de áreas sem cobertura vegetal arbórea. As concentrações de TP e CL aumentaram durante o período chuvoso, principalmente em PER. A análise multivariada demonstrou que as áreas terrestres influenciaram significativamente os parâmetros do PSR. PER contribuíram para o comprometimento da qualidade da água do PSR, principalmente no período chuvoso. A presença de cianobactérias produtoras de toxinas foi detectada no PSR. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a necessidade de preservar e promover a restauração das matas ciliares das bacias hidrográficas, principalmente no PSR.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica do fitoplâncton com ênfase em cianobactérias e cianotoxinas presentes em em tanques de piscicultura, relacionando aos parâmetros meteorológicos e físicoquímicos da água. A metodologia foi estabelecida em um plano de amostragem sazonal em quatorze tanques de cultivo de Oreochromis niloticus, em sete propriedades localizadas nas cidades de Blumenau, Gaspar e Massaranduba. Foram realizadas amostragens qualitativas e quantitativas durante o verão e inverno de 2019, totalizando 56 amostras. Os ensaios biológicos de identificação e contagem do fitoplâncton e de identificação e quantificação de cianotoxinas foram realizados no Laboratório de Pesquisa e Monitoramento de Algas Nocivas e Ficotoxinas de Itajaí (LANF). Os dados climáticos foram obtidos no Centro de Informações de Recursos Ambientais e de Hidrometeorologia de Santa Catarina (CIRAM). Parâmetros físicos-químicos da água foram determinados no Freitag Laboratórios em Timbó. Resultados quantitativos demostraram que as classes mais bem representadas em número de espécies no verão e inverno foram Chlorophyceae e Bacillariophyceae. A riqueza de táxons apresentou valor mínimo de 1 táxon e máximo de 34 táxons. O índice de dominância de Simpson (D’) apresentou valor máximo de 0,91%. Não foi detectada presença de cianotoxinas nas análises de Cromatografia Líquida e Espectrometria de Massas realizadas até o momento.

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Introducción y objetivos: Las especies de algas y Cyanobacteria que crecen en sitios contaminados pueden acumular altas concentraciones de metales pesados. En este trabajo se propuso a) caracterizar la comunidad de algas y Cyanobacteria y b) evaluar el efecto del plomo (Pb) sobre la composición de algas presentes en la rizosfera de plantas capaces de acumular Pb en la provincia de Córdoba. M&M: Se tomaron muestras de suelo de la rizosfera de Sorghum halepense, Bidens pilosa y Tagetes minuta en sitios con diferentes niveles de Pb. En el laboratorio, el suelo se sembró en cápsulas con medio de Watanabe esterilizado. Los cultivos crecieron 9 semanas. Se identificó en el tiempo y analizó la frecuencia relativa final de las algas y Cyanobacteria. Resultados: En suelos contaminados se identificaron 24 especies de Cyanobacteria, Chloroplastida y Xanthophyceae. Las Cyanobacteria con heterocitos Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc commune y Calothrix clavata registraron una frecuencia media relativa (entre 21 y 60%). Trebouxia parmeliae (Chloroplastida) y Vaucheria sp. (Xanthophyceae) estuvieron presentes en los suelos con mayor nivel de Pb. La mayor parte de las especies se concentraron en los niveles más bajos de Pb. Conclusiones: Se observó un efecto negativo del Pb sobre la riqueza de especies de algas y Cyanobacteria en la rizosfera de las plantas evaluadas. En base a la composición de la comunidad de algas y Cyanobacteria del suelo se determinan dos grandes grupos que podrían ser considerados como comunidades tolerantes y no tolerantes a la contaminación de Pb.

Las cianobacterias son bacterias fotosintéticas del plancton de aguas dulces y saladas. Su acumulación excesiva en las aguas recreacionales y potables se conoce como floración algal, con potenciales efectos en la salud de seres humanos. Son predominantemente estivales, en cursos de aguas dulces y pueden alcanzar las costas oceánicas. Esta es una revisión bibliográfica basada en las publicaciones registradas en PubMed-Medline, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud que incluye SciELO, LILACS, IBECS), Springer, Science Direct, Portal Timbó, y obtenidas con los términos “cianobacterias”, “cianotoxinas”, “microcistina”, “floraciones algales”, “pediatría”, “niños”, “recreacional” “intoxicación” “exposición”, sin límites de año de publicación. Su objetivo es actualizar el conocimiento sobre cianotoxinas y efectos en la salud humana, analizar escenarios de riesgo de exposición a cianobacterias, particularmente en niños, y reforzar medidas preventivas de la exposición y promover acciones desde el sector sanitario. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la intoxicación por exposición reciente son malestar general, irritación de piel y mucosas, síntomas respiratorios e incluso afectación hepática en casos graves. Es preciso incluir estas floraciones en la etiopatogenia de estos cuadros y relacionarlos con la exposición utilizando la monitorización de floraciones del país. La exposición a cianobacterias es un riesgo emergente para la salud. La evidencia científica de los últimos años consolida el conocimiento de efectos en la salud humana por exposición a cianobacterias. Recientemente se identifica el baño, juegos infantiles e ingesta de arena en costas con altos niveles de contaminación como un escenario de riesgo en niños. La evidencia de hepatoxicidad por cianotoxinas es aún más escasa, aunque existen casos documentados. El sistema de monitoreo de playas permite a los equipos de salud incorporar la sospecha de exposición a cianobacterias y el posible contacto con sus toxinas, para poder realizar un diagnóstico temprano y participar en la prevención de la exposición.

El Itay, arroyo urbano de bajo caudal de extensa cuenca en el Gran Asunción desemboca en el San Francisco, brazo del río Paraguay; en su curso incorpora importantes cantidades de sedimentos, y es colector de abundantes desechos de diverso tipo: municipales, domiciliarios, industriales, lecheros etc. El trabajo estudia el comportamiento de dos nutrientes fundamentales nitrógeno y fósforo asociados a los registros del seston y a los de las demandas química y bioquímica de oxígeno en sus aguas

La infiltración altera procesos ecológicos en las regiones áridas y semiáridas debido a que puede causar la acumulación superficial del agua o el almacenamiento del agua en el suelo, por lo que es necesario estudiar los factores físicos y biológicos que pueden modificarla. Uno de estos factores son las biocostras, comunidades de cianobacterias, líquenes y musgos que crecen en la superficie del suelo, las cuales pueden tener efectos positivos, negativos o neutros. El impacto de las biocostras en la infiltración ha sido poco estudiado en nuestro país, porque solo existe un trabajo en pastizales de Durango. En este trabajo se evaluó la infiltración en biocostras en una región semiárida del centro de México, donde se seleccionaron dos terrazas fluviales con suelo de distinta textura (terraza fina y gruesa) para medir las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo, la cobertura y composición de las costras y la infiltración en suelo con y sin costra, en áreas desprovistas de vegetación. El suelo en ambas terrazas tuvo alto porcentaje de limo, aunque el suelo de la terraza fina tuvo mayor densidad aparente y menor porosidad. Las costras estuvieron compuestas de cinco géneros de cianobacterias y tres de líquenes. La cobertura de las cianobacterias fue similar entre las terrazas, pero la cobertura de los líquenes fue menor en la terraza fina. La mayor infiltración fue registrada en suelos sin costra en la terraza fina y en suelos con costra en la terraza gruesa. Estos resultados sugieren que el impacto de las biocostras en la infiltración depende del contenido de limo, la densidad aparente y la porosidad del suelo. Es necesario medir la infiltración en otros sitios como áreas bajo plantas perennes y laderas de cerros, para entender el impacto de las biocostras en la infiltración en esta región semiárida.

Devido à crise hídrica atual e tendo em vista o desenvolvimento e a otimização de tecnologias de tratamento de águas para abastecimento público que estejam contaminadas com microrganismos, toxinas e microcontaminantes, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a Dupla Filtração (DF) como alternativa de tratamento de água eutrofizada na região Norte do Brasil. Foi montada uma instalação piloto de dupla filtração composta pelas unidades de pré cloração, adsorção em carvão ativado pulverizado, filtro ascendente de pedregulho e filtro rápido descendente de areia, os quais funcionaram com taxas de filtração de 120 e 180 m3.m-2.d-1, respectivamente. A água de estudo apresentou densidade de cianobactérias da ordem de 105 cel.mL-1. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o tratamento com pré-oxidação com cloro, adsorção em carvão ativado pulverizado, coagulação e dupla filtração produziu água com valores de COT abaixo de 2,0 mg.L-1, turbidez inferior a 0,50 uT, e remoção de células de cianobactérias maior que 99%. As concentrações máximas de subprodutos orgânicos halogenados (SOH) encontrados na água tratada foram menores que os valores limites da Portaria 2914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde.

Immobilized microorganisms and their use in agriculture as biofertilizers or for biocontrol, is a developing topic; and the concentration of inoculum for bioencapsulation, without affecting the growth and production of metabolites by the microorganism, is an important aspect to consider. Fischerella sp. cells they were encapsulated with calcium alginate using different percentages of inoculum (1, 5, 10 and 20%), and dry weight, NH4 + and phycobiliproteins concentration in biomass were determined. Growth and metabolism of Fischerella sp. was higher in bioencapsulated vs free cells. Dry weight and NH4 + of Fischerella sp. was increased 2.8 times more in bioencapsulated vs free cells. Dry weight value was 0.032 μg mL-1 with the concentration of 20% inoculum, and statistically showed significant differences. Unlike free cells, bioencapsulation protects cells from biotic and abiotic stress, maintaining metabolic activity and viability for longer periods of time. Bioencapsulated from Fischerella sp. to produce NH4 + and its use as a biofertilizer in agriculture, is an alternative versus use of chemical fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La necesidad de una agricultura sostenible y los consumidores de productos orgánicos, han aumentado en todo el mundo en los últimos años. Por tal motivo, el incremento en el uso de productos biológicos es uno de los retos de la agricultura moderna. La utilización de las algas, es una de las opciones más viables a utilizar con estos fines. Las algas, son organismos fotosintetizadores de organización sencilla, que viven en el agua o en ambientes muy húmedos. La Spirulina, es un tipo de microalga verde-azul, perteneciente al género Arthrospira, que es cultivada en muchos lugares del mundo y posee un gran interés en el campo de la biotecnología, debido a su alto valor nutricional. Con esta revisión bibliográfica se propone dar una visión general y actualizada sobre las algas, su clasificación, su composición y métodos de extracción; así como sus usos en la agricultura, haciendo énfasis en la Spirulina por ser un alga reproducida en Cuba hace más de dos décadas, con fines cosméticos y farmacéuticos; sin embargo, muy poco empleada con fines agrícolas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatores como a intensidade de luz e nutrientes podem exercer influência na densidade e composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica e na quantidade de clorofila-a encontrada no ambiente. A Portaria 2914/11 considera a clorofila-a como indicador de potencial aumento de densidade de cianobactérias, no entanto, ela ocorre em outros grupos do fitoplâncton. A proposta deste trabalho é avaliar a correlação desses dois parâmetros com o objetivo de auxiliar a gestão de qualidade dos mananciais utilizados para abastecimento público. Foram avaliados cinco anos de dados de sistemas do estado de São Paulo das Classes 1 a 3 do CONAMA 357/05, aos quais foi aplicado cálculo de correlação entre dois conjuntos de dados com os quais foi realizada análise de sua viabilidade. Este procedimento evidenciou não ter havido boa correlação entre os dois parâmetros. Assim, pode ser dito que o aumento de clorofila-a na captação de sistemas de tratamento de água, no que tange às cianobactérias, não contribuiu para tomada de decisões para o controle de qualidade dos mananciais para fins de abastecimento público.

Although the biodiversity of the phytoplankton community in the State of São Paulo is well known, in Guarulhos, the second-largest municipality in the state, the knowledge of the phytological flora is still incipient. Thus, this work presents a list of species of the phytoplankton community identified in urban lakes in the city of Guarulhos. Nine lakes were analyzed between 2016 and 2019. Water samples were collected on the subsurface with a plankton net (20 µm) and preserved in 4% formaldehyde. Taxonomic analyzes were performed using an optical microscope with a micrometer lattice and a camera attached. 88 taxa were identified, distributed in 9 classes, 11 orders, 22 families, 50 genera, 86 species and two taxonomic varieties. The genera with the highest species richness were: Desmodesmus Frield & Hegewald (eight species) and Coelastrum Nageli (five species) both belonging to Chlorophyceae and, among Cyanobacteria, Aphanocapsa C. Nageli and Microcystis Kutzing, with five and four species respectively. Regarding the frequency of occurrence, Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanocapsa annulata and Radiocystis fernandoi, all belonging to Cyanobacteria, were classified as very common. 49% of the species were classified as rare, with 27 species (30.3%) found only in the Cabosol fishery, an environment with the highest species richness among the nine analyzed, 11 species were exclusive to Lago dos Patos, five to Lago agua Azul and an exclusive of Lake 2 of the Bosque Maia. The list of phytoplankton species carried out in this study allowed the knowledge of phytoplankton biodiversity in the city of Guarulhos and expanded the distribution of species in the state of São Paulo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the release of effluent treated by maturation pond (ETE Malvas) on phytoplankton in a partially urbanized 1,100m stretch of the Salgadinho river (Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil) and its relationship with limnological characteristics. Four points are selected: (P1) upstream of the outfall ETE Malvas, (P2) in the outfall, (P3) 50 downstream of the outfall and (P4) 1100 downstream of the outfall. The collections were performed during the dry season corresponding to the months of June, July and August 2017, having as physicochemical variables: pH, water temperature, turbidity, total alkalinity, chlorophyll a, COD, OD and nitrogen fractions; and for qualitative evaluation of phytoplankton: relative density, occurrence index and concentration of organisms. The effluent released by the ETE outfall influences the 1100m section of the river in an unfavorable way, as it promotes an environment with low phytoplankton diversity in the downstream points, due to the numerous contribution of the species Planktothrix isothrix (Cyanobacteria division), when compared with the conditions of the upstream section (P1) of the emissary, which hinted at a state of pollution, due to the more significant presence of total ammonia. Furthermore, the effluent still positively interferes with limnological aspects by immediately raising dissolved oxygen downstream and, negatively with the decomposition of algal biomass, either by increasing turbidity and converting abundant algal organic nitrogen into total ammonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud is the property of Ciencia, Tecnologia y Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Scientiarum is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Rio Piracicaba in the industrial region of the Steel Valley, located in the portion of the middle Rio Doce - MG, Brazil. Measurement focused on the evaluation of the classical parameters for the Water Quality Index (WQI) as well as the communities of plankton and periphyton cyanobacteria. Physicochemical data were used the samples taken at three collection points, being in Jaguaraçu (PC1), Ipatinga (PC2) and Santana do Paraíso (DO1). The selection of sampling stations sought to highlight the consequences inherent in the economic activities in the study area and also ensure access in periods of drought and rain. It found the prevalence of results, pointing WQI acceptable (57.94%) and bad (42.06%). In addition, low concentrations of chlorophyll-a (<1 μg.L-1) in water samples in monitored environments indicated that, as expected for rivers, the phytoplankton community was not significant. However, the results showed an increase of cyanobacteria community PC2 denoting relationship with the greater amount of dissolved nutrients in this point and the lowest water flow. The results showed the water quality degradation possibly due to the economic exploitation model across land mass covered by water body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blooms of marine benthic cyanobacteria are recurrent in several locations at the Colombian Caribbean. In these events, cyanobacteria grow over the substrate and benthic organisms although their effect has not been fully assessed. This study evaluated interactions between cyanobacteria and hermatypic corals, in order to identify any deleterious effects that could be related to allelopathic mechanisms. Organic extracts from cyanobacteria collected in San Andres, Old Providence and Rosario islands were tested against embryos of the reef-building coral Orbicella annularis. The indirect effect of cyanobacterial extracts was also assessed by resuspending the extracts in seawater and monitoring polyp retraction and recovery of the coral Madracis mirabilis (=auretenra). Additionally, the effect of direct contact between cyanobacterial extracts and the coral Porites porites was assessed by incorporating cyanobacterial extracts into Phytagel™ gels and placed in direct contact with the coral. After 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, chromatographic profiles of associated zooxanthellae was evaluated by HPLC. A deleterious effect on the zooxanthellae was evidenced by an increase in pheophytin, a degradation product from chlorophyll. The competitive abilities of algae and cyanobacteria should be considered as a constraint to reef restoration initiatives. Cyanobacteria have the ability to compete with corals due to their growth rates, defenses against herbivory and potentially allelopathic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La existencia de una organización social en los microorganismos, entre ellos las bacterias, es muy poco conocida entre el alumnado de los diferentes niveles de educación. Se tiene el preconcepto de que esta característica se presenta en organismos vivos de mayor complejidad. Las biopelículas constituyen una organización social donde una población bacteriana o una comunidad de diferentes microorganismos procariotas y eucariotas, permanecen adheridas a una matriz extracelular de polímeros sintetizados y excretados por sus propias células. Dentro de la biopelículas podemos encontrar subpoblaciones celulares diferenciadas metabólicamente y con actividades diferentes. La formación de biopelículas bacterianas es la principal causa de las infecciones crónicas en el ser humano y otros mamíferos. Éstas también se forman en el medio ambiente, como por ejemplo en medios acuáticos, donde podemos encontrar las que se constituyen mediante asociaciones de microorganismos fototróficos como las microalgas (cianobacterias, diatomeas y algas verdes). En el presente trabajo se propone una actividad o práctica de laboratorio escolar muy sencilla. En ésta se puede estudiar el efecto de una sola variable sobre el desarrollo y diversidad de una biopelícula de microorganismos fototróficos. La variable mencionada es la longitud de onda de la luz visible que incide en un cultivo de dichos microorganismos. Utilizando filtros de diferentes colores (azul, verde, amarillo y rojo), se observaron resultados diferenciales.

Las cianobacterias son una alternativa para disminuir la fertilización química y aumentar la producción en cultivos de interés comercial. Las cianobacterias tienen la capacidad de fijar N, producir reguladores de crecimiento, vitaminas y aminoácidos con la capacidad de estimular el crecimiento vegetal. El objetivo de este proyecto fue determinar el efecto de la inoculación de cianobacterias aisladas de cultivos de arroz de la Guajira en plantas de arroz, maíz y frijol. Se muestrearon seis cultivos de arroz de los municipios de Fonseca y Distracción. De cada lote se obtuvieron tres muestras integradas de raspado de sustrato y agua superficial. Las cianobacterias fueron aisladas en medio BG11 e identificadas morfológicamente. Las cianobacterias Gloeocapsa y Oscillatoria amphibia, de forma individual y en mezcla, fueron inoculadas en arroz, frijol y maíz en parcelas experimentales. Se usaron plantas sin inocular como control negativo, así como plantas con fertilización química. Se realizó un registro diario de la altura de las plantas. Se identificaron 15 géneros de cianobacterias como Gloeocapsa sp, Chlorella sp, Scenedesmus sp, Anabaena sp, Chrococcus sp y Oscillatoria entre otras. A partir de los 35 días inoculación el tratamiento con Gloeocapsa presentó incrementos significativos con respecto al control sin inocular hasta del 15,0% en plantas de arroz. Similares resultados presentaron las plantas de fertilización química. Los tratamientos con Oscillatoria no presentaron incrementos con respecto al control sin inocular. Las inoculaciones con cianobacterias en maíz y frijol no presentaron incrementos significativos con respecto al control no inoculado. En conclusión, la inoculación con Gloeocapsa en cultivos de arroz es una opción para disminuir los costos de fertilización nitrogenada y una alternativa amigable con el medio ambiente.