531 results on '"Cianci, Rossella"'
Search Results
2. New insight of human-IgH 3′regulatory regions in immunoglobulins switch
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Cianci, Rossella, Mancino, Giorgio, Galli, Elena, Serone, Eliseo, Massoud, Renato, D'Addabbo, Pietro, Poscia, Andrea, Borghetti, Alberto, Porzio, Ottavia, Marmo, Riccardo, Gambassi, Giovanni, and Frezza, Domenico
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- 2023
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3. Thymus–kidneys: a dangerous liaison
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Rio, Pierluigi, Cavallaro, Chiara, Diomedi-Camassei, Francesca, Cianci, Rossella, and Gambassi, Giovanni
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- 2022
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4. Hypovitaminosis D and Leukocytosis to Predict Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Children with Kawasaki Disease: Insights from a Single-Center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
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Rigante, Donato, primary, De Rosa, Gabriella, additional, Delogu, Angelica Bibiana, additional, Rotunno, Giulia, additional, Cianci, Rossella, additional, Di Pangrazio, Claudia, additional, Sodero, Giorgio, additional, Basile, Umberto, additional, and Candelli, Marcello, additional
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- 2024
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5. Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Sex Differences in Neuroinflammation
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Caldarelli, Mario, primary, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Marrone, Andrea, additional, Ocarino, Francesca, additional, Chiantore, Monica, additional, Candelli, Marcello, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2024
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6. Pollutants, microbiota and immune system: frenemies within the gut
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Rio, Pierluigi, primary, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2024
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7. Sex-Specific Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obese Individuals.
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Di Renzo, Laura, Gualtieri, Paola, Frank, Giulia, Cianci, Rossella, Raffaelli, Glauco, Peluso, Daniele, Bigioni, Giulia, and De Lorenzo, Antonino
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has long been associated with several health benefits, including a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The MedDiet is characterized by a high consumption of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil, along with a moderate intake of red meat and red wine with meals. Some studies report significant differences between men and women in susceptibility to obesity, with women at a higher prevalence of obesity than men. One unexplored aspect, however, concerns the sex difference in MedDiet adherence, which could be influenced by various factors, such as health perceptions, food preferences, and cultural influences. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and impact of MedDiet adherence in men and women, with a focus on its influence on health and well-being, as well as its ability to promote sex equity in healthcare outcomes. Moreover, we aim to measure the overall health improvements in men and women participating in a MedDiet program, including changes in body composition and overall quality of life. This study highlights that the MedDiet is associated with more significant body weight loss in women, although their increase in MedDiet adherence was lower than in men. Trial registration: NCT01890070. Registered 24 June 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Fish Consumption and DHA Supplementation during Pregnancy: Study of Gestational and Neonatal Outcomes.
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Gualtieri, Paola, Frank, Giulia, Cianci, Rossella, Dominici, Francesca, Mappa, Ilenia, Rizzo, Giuseppe, De Santis, Gemma Lou, Bigioni, Giulia, and Di Renzo, Laura
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Several studies have explored the association between fish consumption during pregnancy and favorable neonatal outcomes, although some yield conflicting results. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends two to three servings of low-mercury fish per week for pregnant or breastfeeding women. However, fish can be a source of pollutants, like methylmercury, impacting neurological development. Conflicting studies on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation exist in the literature, possibly due to varied supplement dosages. This survey, involving 501 women, investigated fish consumption and DHA supplement intake concerning gestational and neonatal outcomes. Notably, 92.1% of participants consumed fish weekly, with significant differences observed in gestational weight gain, birth weight, and length for those eating fish ≥3 times weekly compared to non-consumers. This study supports the recommendation for pregnant women to include fish in their diet while limiting exposure to environmental pollutants. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements are suggested to attain nutritional benefits without mercury risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Hormonal Balance and Cardiovascular Health: Exploring the Interconnection between Menopause, Body Composition, and Thyroid Function in a Cohort of Hypertensive Women.
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Pala, Barbara, Tocci, Giuliano, Nardoianni, Giulia, Barbato, Emanuele, Cianci, Rossella, Gualtieri, Paola, Frank, Giulia, and Di Renzo, Laura
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ADIPOSE tissues ,WEIGHT gain ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,POSTMENOPAUSE ,DISEASE complications ,MENOPAUSE - Abstract
Background. The rise in global obesity has worsened the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular complications, particularly among post-menopausal women. Dysfunctions in thyroid hormone activity, critical for metabolic regulation, are often implicated in obesity and its associated conditions. This study evaluated the interactions between thyroid function, body composition, and cardiovascular health in post-menopausal women. Material and Methods. We conducted an observational, prospective, open-label clinical study, involving post-menopausal women, stratified into two groups based on weight changes after menopause: the Menopausal Weight Gain Group (MWGG) and the Menopausal Weight Maintenance Group (MWMG). We included 12 cases (MWGG) and 8 control (MWMG) women. Participants underwent cardio-metabolic assessments, including evaluations of thyroid function, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body composition, and cardiovascular risk profiles. The statistical analysis employed t-tests and Pearson correlations. Results. The MWGG showed significant increases in both the Augmentation Index (AI@75) and adiposity markers (BMI, total fat mass, in percentage and kg, and lean–to–fat mass ratio) compared to the MWMG. A notable decrease in FT3 and the FT3/FT4 ratio was observed in the MWGG. Moreover, discrepancies in Cholesterol levels and insulinemia were reported between groups. Moreover, differences in cholesterol levels and insulinemia were reported between groups. We analyzed the correlation between blood pressure, cardiovascular stiffness, and body composition parameters; notably, there was a strong correlation between AI@75 and weight, BMI, and total fat mass, and a strong negative correlation with the lean–to–fat mass ratio. Conclusions. The MWGG presented a higher BMI, greater total fat mass (kg) and a higher percentage of total fat mass compared to the MWMG. Interestingly, we reported a significant difference in intramuscular adipose tissue between the groups. These results highlight the importance of further research to elucidate the mechanisms involved and to develop targeted interventions for managing menopause-related cardio-metabolic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Body Composition and Alzheimer's Disease: A Holistic Review.
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Frank, Giulia, Gualtieri, Paola, Cianci, Rossella, Caldarelli, Mario, Palma, Roselisa, De Santis, Gemma Lou, Porfilio, Chiara, Nicoletti, Francesco, Bigioni, Giulia, and Di Renzo, Laura
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ALZHEIMER'S disease ,BODY composition ,LEAN body mass ,ADIPOSE tissues ,KEYWORD searching - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a significant global health challenge and affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. This overview of published reviews provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlations between AD and body composition, focusing particularly on obesity. We used a systematic approach to collect and analyze relevant reviews on the topic of obesity and Alzheimer's disease. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, was conducted. We searched keywords such as "Alzheimer's disease", "body composition", "lean mass", "bone mass", and "fat mass". We considered only reviews written within the past 5 years and in English. Fifty-six relevant reviews were identified that shed light on the multiple connections between AD and body composition. The review involves several aspects, including the impact of lean mass, bone mass, and endocrinological factors related to obesity, as well as inflammation, neuroinflammation, and molecular/genetic factors. The findings highlight the complex interplay of these elements in the development of AD, underscoring the need for holistic approaches to reduce the risk of AD and to explore innovative strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Exploring the Exposome Spectrum: Unveiling Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases.
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Di Renzo, Laura, Gualtieri, Paola, Frank, Giulia, Cianci, Rossella, Caldarelli, Mario, Leggeri, Giulia, Raffaelli, Glauco, Pizzocaro, Erica, Cirillo, Michela, and De Lorenzo, Antonino
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DIETARY patterns ,NON-communicable diseases ,SEDENTARY behavior ,THERAPEUTICS ,RESPIRATORY diseases ,PROCESSED foods - Abstract
The exposome encompasses all endogenous and exogenous exposure individuals encounter throughout their lives, including biological, chemical, physical, psychological, relational, and socioeconomic factors. It examines the duration and intensity of these types of exposure and their complex interactions over time. This interdisciplinary approach involves various scientific disciplines, particularly toxicology, to understand the long-term effects of toxic exposure on health. Factors like air pollution, racial background, and socioeconomic status significantly contribute to diseases such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, infertility, and cancer. Advanced analytical methods measure contaminants in biofluids, food, air, water, and soil, but often overlook the cumulative risk of multiple chemicals. An exposome analysis necessitates sophisticated tools and methodologies to understand health interactions and integrate findings into precision medicine for better disease diagnosis and treatment. Chronic exposure to environmental and biological stimuli can lead to persistent low-grade inflammation, which is a key factor in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, cardiometabolic disorders, cancer, respiratory diseases, autoimmune conditions, and depression. These NCDs are influenced by smoking, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and alcohol abuse, all shaped by genetic, environmental, and social factors. Dietary patterns, especially ultra-processed foods, can exacerbate inflammation and alter gut microbiota. This study investigates the exposome's role in the prevention, development, and progression of NCDs, focusing on endogenous and exogenous factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Inflammaging: The Next Challenge—Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota, Environmental Factors, and Sex Differences.
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Caldarelli, Mario, Rio, Pierluigi, Marrone, Andrea, Giambra, Vincenzo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, and Cianci, Rossella
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GUT microbiome ,SPECIES diversity ,DRUG therapy ,IMMUNOSENESCENCE ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
The term 'inflammaging' has been coined to describe the chronic state of inflammation derived from ongoing cycles of tissue damage and the subsequent immune responses. This inflammatory status contributes to the decline of organs and physiological functions, accelerates the aging process, and increases the risk of age-related illnesses and death. During aging, the gut microbiota (GM) undergoes significant changes, including a decreased diversity of species, a decline in beneficial bacteria, and a rise in proinflammatory ones, resulting in persistent low-grade inflammation. Moreover, environmental factors, such as diet and medications, contribute to age-related changes in GM and immune function, preventing or promoting inflammaging. This narrative review aims to clarify the underlying mechanisms of inflammaging and to specifically investigate the influence of GM and several environmental factors on these mechanisms, while also exploring potential differences related to sex. Moreover, lifestyle and pharmacological interventions will be suggested to promote healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases: Exploring the Role of Microbiota and Immunity.
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Franza, Laura, Caldarelli, Mario, Villani, Emanuele Rocco, and Cianci, Rossella
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SEX factors in disease ,GUT microbiome ,MENSTRUAL cycle ,WESTERN countries ,WOMEN'S cycling ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries, thus representing a global health concern. CVDs show different patterns in terms of the prevalence and presentation in men and women. The role of sex hormones has been extensively implicated in these sex-specific differences, due to the presence of the menstrual cycle and menopause in women. Moreover, the gut microbiota (GM) has been implicated in cardiovascular health, considering the growing evidence that it is involved in determining the development of specific diseases. In particular, gut-derived metabolites have been linked to CVDs and kidney disorders, which can in turn promote the progression of CVDs. Considering the differences in the composition of GM between men and women, it is possible that gut microbiota act as a mediator in regard to the sex disparities in CVDs. This narrative review aims to comprehensively review the interplay between sex, GM, and CVDs, discussing potential mechanisms and therapeutic options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective
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Rio, Pierluigi, primary, Caldarelli, Mario, additional, Chiantore, Monica, additional, Ocarino, Francesca, additional, Candelli, Marcello, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2024
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15. Hematological Complications in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
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Ianua, E., Caldarelli, M., De Matteis, Giuseppe, Cianci, Rossella, Gambassi, Giovanni, De Matteis G., Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Ianua, E., Caldarelli, M., De Matteis, Giuseppe, Cianci, Rossella, Gambassi, Giovanni, De Matteis G., Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), and Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359)
- Abstract
Hemophilia A is a hemorrhagic disorder caused by insufficient or inadequate coagulation factor VIII activity. Two different forms are described: congenital, hereditary X-linked, and acquired. Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare condition and it is defined by the production of autoantibodies neutralizing factor VIII, known as inhibitors. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of AHA after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has been described in association with several hematological complications. SARS-CoV-2 infection could represent the immunological trigger for the development of autoantibodies. In our patient, SARS-CoV-2 infection preceded the hemorrhagic complications by 15 days. This lag time is in line with the other cases reported and compatible with the development of an intense immune response with autoantibody production. It is possible that since our patient was affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus, he was more prone to an immune system pathological response against self-antigens. A prompt, appropriate therapeutic intervention with activated recombinant factor VII administration and cyclophosphamide has led to rapid remission of clinical and laboratory findings.
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- 2024
16. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective
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Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, Mario, Chiantore, Monica, Ocarino, Francesca, Candelli, Marcello, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Pierluigi Rio, Mario Caldarelli, Monica Chiantore, Francesca Ocarino, Marcello Candelli (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Antonio Gasbarrini (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Giovanni Gambassi (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Rossella Cianci (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, Mario, Chiantore, Monica, Ocarino, Francesca, Candelli, Marcello, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Pierluigi Rio, Mario Caldarelli, Monica Chiantore, Francesca Ocarino, Marcello Candelli (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Antonio Gasbarrini (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Giovanni Gambassi (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Rossella Cianci (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections and treating chronic and non-communicable diseases, respectively. For a long time, the influence of sex differences on modifying health and disease has not been addressed in clinical and preclinical studies. The interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors plays a role in the sex-related differences in the epidemiology of diseases, clinical manifestations, and the response to treatment. Moreover, sex is one of the leading factors influencing the gut microbiota composition, which could further explain the different predisposition to diseases in men and women. In the same way, differences between sexes occur also in the immune response to vaccines. This narrative review aims to highlight these differences, focusing on the immune response to vaccines. Comparative data about immune responses, vaccine effectiveness, and side effects are reviewed. Hence, the intricate interplay between sex, immunity, and the gut microbiota will be discussed for its potential role in the response to vaccination. Embracing a sex-oriented perspective in research may improve the efficacy of the immune response and allow the design of tailored vaccine schedules.
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- 2024
17. Mediterranean Diet Influence on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Adverse Reaction: Friend or Foe?
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Gualtieri, Paola, Frank, Giulia, Cianci, Rossella, Smeriglio, Antonella, Alibrandi, Angela, Di Renzo, Laura, and Trombetta, Domenico
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Background: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has long been recognized for its health-promoting attributes, with proven benefits in preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. During the global COVID-19 pandemic, MedDiet's potential to mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection gained attention. This study aims to investigate the interplay among MedDiet adherence, immune system response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and potential sex-related variations. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted through collecting data from a web survey for the Italian population. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); in addition, COVID-19 symptoms and vaccination details were also obtained. Results: Significant associations between MedDiet adherence, COVID-19 symptoms, and vaccine-related side effects were observed. Notably, females demonstrated distinct responses, reporting lymph node enlargement and a different prevalence and severity of vaccine side effects compared to males. Conclusions: This study highlights the protective role of the MedDiet against COVID-19 and emphasizes the relevance of sex-specific responses in vaccination outcomes according to MEDAS score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. The Impact of Climate Change on Immunity and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Disease.
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Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, Mario, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, and Cianci, Rossella
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CLIMATE change & health ,GUT microbiome ,CLIMATE change ,SOLAR cycle ,POLLUTANTS ,FOSSIL fuels - Abstract
According to the definition provided by the United Nations, "climate change" describes the persistent alterations in temperatures and weather trends. These alterations may arise naturally, such as fluctuations in the solar cycle. Nonetheless, since the 19th century, human activities have emerged as the primary agent for climate change, primarily attributed to the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Climate change can potentially influence the well-being, agricultural production, housing, safety, and employment opportunities for all individuals. The immune system is an important interface through which global climate change affects human health. Extreme heat, weather events and environmental pollutants could impair both innate and adaptive immune responses, promoting inflammation and genomic instability, and increasing the risk of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, climate change has an impact on both soil and gut microbiome composition, which can further explain changes in human health outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the influence of climate change on human health and disease, focusing specifically on its effects on the immune system and gut microbiota. Understanding how these factors contribute to the development of physical and mental illness may allow for the design of strategies aimed at reducing the negative impact of climate and pollution on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Incysting transformation
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Borriello, Raffaele, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Contegiacomo, Andrea, Cianci, Rossella, and Gambassi, Giovanni
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- 2021
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20. Hematological Complications in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
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Ianuà, Eleonora, primary, Caldarelli, Mario, additional, De Matteis, Giuseppe, additional, Cianci, Rossella, additional, and Gambassi, Giovanni, additional
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- 2023
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21. The Interplay between Helicobacter pylori and Gut Microbiota in Non-Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Special Focus on Atherosclerosis
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Candelli, Marcello, primary, Franza, Laura, additional, Cianci, Rossella, additional, Pignataro, Giulia, additional, Merra, Giuseppe, additional, Piccioni, Andrea, additional, Ojetti, Veronica, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, and Franceschi, Francesco, additional
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- 2023
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22. Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity
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Giambra, Vincenzo, primary, Pagliari, Danilo, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Totti, Beatrice, additional, Di Nunzio, Chiara, additional, Bosi, Annalisa, additional, Giaroni, Cristina, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2023
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23. Gut–Kidney–Heart: A Novel Trilogy
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Caldarelli, Mario, primary, Franza, Laura, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2023
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24. A case of vertebral artery dissection: a cerebellar chameleon in a young man
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Cecchini, Andrea Leonardo, Cianci, Rossella, Lozupone, Emilio, Contegiacomo, Andrea, and Gambassi, Giovanni
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- 2021
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25. A rare case of ANCA-associated cerebral vasculitis
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Massaro, Maria Grazia, Cianci, Rossella, Lozupone, Emilio, Trombatore, Pietro, and Gambassi, Giovanni
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- 2021
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26. Anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis associated to acute pancreatitis: a 3-year single-centre experience
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Pagliari, Danilo, Cianci, Rossella, Brizi, Maria Gabriella, Mancarella, Francesco Antonio, Musso, Massimiliano, Cintoni, Marco, Franza, Laura, Flore, Roberto Antonio, Gasbarrini, Antonio, and Tondi, Paolo
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- 2020
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27. Early oral vs parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes and hospital costs from a tertiary care referral center
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Pagliari, Danilo, Rinninella, Emanuele, Cianci, Rossella, Attili, Fabia, Franza, Laura, Luciano, Rosamaria, Mancarella, Francesco A., Rizzatti, Gianenrico, Musso, Massimiliano, Cintoni, Marco, Gasbarrini, Antonio, and Mele, Maria C.
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- 2020
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28. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients Admitted during Delta and Omicron Waves in Italy
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Cianci, Rossella, Franza, Laura, Pignataro, Giulia, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Rio, Pierluigi, Tota, Antonio, Ocarino, Francesca, Sacco Fernandez, Marta, Franceschi, Francesco, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Candelli, Marcello, Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Franceschi, Francesco (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Candelli, Marcello (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Cianci, Rossella, Franza, Laura, Pignataro, Giulia, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Rio, Pierluigi, Tota, Antonio, Ocarino, Francesca, Sacco Fernandez, Marta, Franceschi, Francesco, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Candelli, Marcello, Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Franceschi, Francesco (ORCID:0000-0001-6266-445X), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Candelli, Marcello (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880)
- Abstract
All-cause mortality related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection has declined from the first wave to subsequent waves, probably through vaccination programs and the availability of effective antiviral therapies. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the prognosis of infected patients. Overall, we enrolled 545 subjects during the Delta variant wave and 276 ones during the Omicron variant wave. Data were collected concerning vaccination status, clinical parameters, comorbidities, lung involvement, laboratory parameters, and pharmacological treatment. Outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 30-day all-cause mortality. Overall, the final sample included 821 patients with a mean age of 62 +/- 18 years [range 18-100], and 59% were men. Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over 3/4 with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. ICU admissions were significantly higher during the Delta wave than during Omicron (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1), while all-cause mortality did not differ. Unvaccinated patients had a higher risk of ICU admission (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1) and 30-day all-cause mortality (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.7). Results were consistent for both Delta and Omicron variants. Overall, vaccination with at least two doses was associated with a reduced need for ICU admission. Even one shot of the vaccine was associated with a significantly reduced 30-day mortality.
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- 2023
29. Acute intramucosal dissection in eosinophilic esophagitis
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Fianchi, Francesca, De Matteis, Giuseppe, Cianci, Rossella, Pizzoferrato, Marco, Cardone, Silvia, Nicolazzi, Maria Anna, Fuorlo, Mariella, Congedo, Maria Teresa, Arena, Vincenzo, Riccioni, Maria Elena, Barbaro, Brunella, and Gambassi, Giovanni
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- 2019
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30. Sex Differences in the Efficacy of Mediterranean Diet Treatment: A Nutrigenomics Pilot Study
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Di Renzo, Laura, primary, Gualtieri, Paola, additional, Frank, Giulia, additional, De Santis, Gemma Lou, additional, Cianci, Rossella, additional, Bigioni, Giulia, additional, and De Lorenzo, Antonino, additional
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- 2023
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31. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Diet and Gut Health
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Gualtieri, Paola, primary, Cianci, Rossella, additional, Frank, Giulia, additional, Pizzocaro, Erica, additional, De Santis, Gemma Lou, additional, Giannattasio, Silvia, additional, Merra, Giuseppe, additional, Butturini, Giovanni, additional, De Lorenzo, Antonino, additional, and Di Renzo, Laura, additional
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- 2023
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32. Factors Influencing Microbiota in Modulating Vaccine Immune Response: A Long Way to Go
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Ponziani, Francesca Romana, primary, Coppola, Gaetano, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Caldarelli, Mario, additional, Borriello, Raffaele, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, and Cianci, Rossella, additional
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- 2023
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33. Changes in Lymphocyte Subpopulations after Remdesivir Therapy for COVID-19: A Brief Report
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Cianci, Rossella, primary, Massaro, Maria Grazia, additional, De Santis, Elisabetta, additional, Totti, Beatrice, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Giambra, Vincenzo, additional
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- 2023
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34. Modified Mediterranean-Ketogenic Diet and Carboxytherapy as Personalized Therapeutic Strategies in Lipedema: A Pilot Study
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Di Renzo, Laura, primary, Gualtieri, Paola, additional, Zomparelli, Samanta, additional, De Santis, Gemma Lou, additional, Seraceno, Silvia, additional, Zuena, Claudia, additional, Frank, Giulia, additional, Cianci, Rossella, additional, Centofanti, Domenico, additional, and De Lorenzo, Antonino, additional
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- 2023
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35. Vertebral artery halo sign to detect giant cell arteritis causing posterior circulation ischemic stroke
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Agostini, Fabiana, Burzo, Maria Livia, Cianci, Rossella, Gambassi, Giovanni, and De Matteis, Giuseppe
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- 2020
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36. Advances in COVID-19 and Cancer Research.
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Franza, Laura and Cianci, Rossella
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COVID-19 , *MULTISYSTEM inflammatory syndrome , *NUCLEIC acid amplification techniques , *COVID-19 pandemic , *CONVALESCENT plasma - Abstract
This article discusses the advances made in COVID-19 and cancer research, focusing on the development and use of mRNA vaccines and their potential in cancer therapy. It also explores various therapeutic strategies tested during the pandemic, such as convalescent plasma and predicting outcomes based on cytokine levels. The article addresses the vulnerabilities of specific populations, like pregnant women and children, and the use of artificial intelligence in outcome prediction. It concludes by emphasizing the impact of these advances on medicine and the potential for novel methods in the fight against cancer. The article titled "The Impact of Climate Change on Immunity and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Disease" explores the potential effects of climate change on the immune system and gut microbiota, and how these changes may contribute to disease development. The authors stress the need for further research in this area, highlighting the complex relationship between climate change, the environment, and human health. It is important to note that the opinions and data presented in the article are those of the individual authors and not of the publisher. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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37. Integrins: Integrating the Biology and Therapy of Cell–cell Interactions
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Pandolfi, Franco, Franza, Laura, Altamura, Simona, Mandolini, Claudia, Cianci, Rossella, Ansari, Aftab, and Kurnick, James T.
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- 2017
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38. Hematological Complications in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report.
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Ianuà, Eleonora, Caldarelli, Mario, De Matteis, Giuseppe, Cianci, Rossella, and Gambassi, Giovanni
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COVID-19 pandemic ,TYPE 1 diabetes ,BLOOD coagulation factor VIII ,BLOOD coagulation factors ,HEMORRHAGIC diseases ,HEMOPHILIA ,OLANZAPINE - Abstract
Hemophilia A is a hemorrhagic disorder caused by insufficient or inadequate coagulation factor VIII activity. Two different forms are described: congenital, hereditary X-linked, and acquired. Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare condition and it is defined by the production of autoantibodies neutralizing factor VIII, known as inhibitors. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of AHA after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has been described in association with several hematological complications. SARS-CoV-2 infection could represent the immunological trigger for the development of autoantibodies. In our patient, SARS-CoV-2 infection preceded the hemorrhagic complications by 15 days. This lag time is in line with the other cases reported and compatible with the development of an intense immune response with autoantibody production. It is possible that since our patient was affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus, he was more prone to an immune system pathological response against self-antigens. A prompt, appropriate therapeutic intervention with activated recombinant factor VII administration and cyclophosphamide has led to rapid remission of clinical and laboratory findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly experienced person living with HIV
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Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Del Giacomo, Paola, Ciccullo, Arturo, Porfidia, Angelo, De Matteis, Giuseppe, Cianci, Rossella, De Vito, Francesco, Dusina, Alex, Borghetti, Alberto, and Tumbarello, Mario
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- 2020
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40. Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought
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Di Renzo, Laura, Franza, Laura, Monsignore, Diego, Esposito, Ernesto, Rio, Pierluigi, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, De Lorenzo, Antonino, Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Di Renzo, Laura, Franza, Laura, Monsignore, Diego, Esposito, Ernesto, Rio, Pierluigi, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, De Lorenzo, Antonino, Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
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Vaccines are among the most effective health measures and have contributed to eradicating some diseases. Despite being very effective, response rates are low in some individuals. Different factors have been proposed to explain why some people are not as responsive as others, but what appears to be of critical importance is the presence of a healthy functioning immune system. In this respect, a key factor in modulating the immune system, both in its adaptive and innate components, is the microbiota. While microbiota can be modulated in different ways (i.e., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics), an effective and somewhat obvious mechanism is via nutrition. The science of nutrients and their therapeutic application is called immunonutrition, and it is increasingly being considered in several conditions. Our review will focus on the importance of nutrition and microbiota modulation in promoting a healthy immune system while also discussing the overall impact on vaccination response.
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- 2022
41. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure: When Friends Become Enemies
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Cianci, Rossella, Franza, Laura, Borriello, Raffaele, Pagliari, Danilo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci, Rossella, Franza, Laura, Borriello, Raffaele, Pagliari, Danilo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Gasbarrini, Antonio (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), and Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359)
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Heart failure is a complex health issue, with important consequences on the overall wellbeing of patients. It can occur both in acute and chronic forms and, in the latter, the immune system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, in the forms with preserved ejection fraction or with only mildly reduced ejection fraction, some specific associations with chronic inflammatory diseases have been observed. Another interesting aspect that is worth considering is the role of microbiota modulation, in this context: given the importance of microbiota in the modulation of immune responses, it is possible that changes in its composition may somewhat influence the progression and even the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this narrative review, we aim to examine the relationship between immunity and heart failure, with a special focus on the role of microbiota in this pathological condition.
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- 2022
42. Functional associations between polymorphic regions of the human 3'IgH locus and COVID-19 disease
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Colucci, Mattia, Frezza, Domenico, Gambassi, Giovanni, De Vito, Francesco, Iaquinta, Angela, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Borghetti, Alberto, Lombardi, Francesca, Panzironi, Noemi, Ruggieri, Valentino, Giambra, Vincenzo, Cianci, Rossella, Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), Lombardi, Francesca (ORCID:0000-0001-5757-8346), Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Colucci, Mattia, Frezza, Domenico, Gambassi, Giovanni, De Vito, Francesco, Iaquinta, Angela, Massaro, Maria Grazia, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Borghetti, Alberto, Lombardi, Francesca, Panzironi, Noemi, Ruggieri, Valentino, Giambra, Vincenzo, Cianci, Rossella, Gambassi, Giovanni (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), Lombardi, Francesca (ORCID:0000-0001-5757-8346), and Cianci, Rossella (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
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Purpose: The pandemic diffusion of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has highlighted significant genderrelated differences in disease severity. Despite several hypotheses being proposed, how the genetic background of COVID-19 patients might impact clinical outcomes remains largely unknown. Methods: We collected blood samples from 192 COVID-19 patients (115 men, 77 women, mean age 67 +/- 19 years) admitted between March and June 2020 at two different hospital centers in Italy, and determined the allelic distribution of nine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), located at the 3 ' Regulatory Region (3 ' RR)-1 in the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain locus, including *1 and *2 alleles of polymorphic hs1.2 enhancer region. Results: In COVID-19 patients, the genotyped SNPs exhibited strong Linkage Disequilibrium and produced 7 specific haplotypes, associated to different degrees of disease severity, including the occurrence of pneumonia. Additionally, the allele *2, which comprises a DNA binding site for the Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) in the polymorphic enhancer hs1.2 of 3 ' RR-1, was significantly enriched in women with a less severe disease. Conclusions: These findings document genetic variants associated to individual clinical severity of COVID-19 disease. Most specifically, a novel genetic protective factor was identified that might explain the sex-related differences in immune response to Sars-COV-2 infection in humans.
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- 2022
43. Association between IgH enhancer hs1.2 and type 1 diabetes
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Cianci, Rossella, D’Addabbo, Pietro, Gambassi, Giovanni, Lolli, Serena, Serone, Eliseo, Rizzi, Alessandro, Pitocco, Dario, Pandolfi, Franco, and Frezza, Domenico
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- 2018
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44. Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients Admitted during Delta and Omicron Waves in Italy
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Cianci, Rossella, primary, Franza, Laura, additional, Pignataro, Giulia, additional, Massaro, Maria Grazia, additional, Rio, Pierluigi, additional, Tota, Antonio, additional, Ocarino, Francesca, additional, Sacco Fernandez, Marta, additional, Franceschi, Francesco, additional, Gasbarrini, Antonio, additional, Gambassi, Giovanni, additional, and Candelli, Marcello, additional
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- 2023
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45. Current evidence on vaccinations in pediatric and adult patients with systemic autoinflammatory diseases
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Massaro, Maria Grazia, Caldarelli, Mario, Franza, Laura, Candelli, Marcello, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Rigante, Donato, Massaro MG, Caldarelli M, Franza L, Candelli M (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Gasbarrini A (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci R (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Rigante D (ORCID:0000-0001-7032-7779), Massaro, Maria Grazia, Caldarelli, Mario, Franza, Laura, Candelli, Marcello, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Rigante, Donato, Massaro MG, Caldarelli M, Franza L, Candelli M (ORCID:0000-0001-8443-7880), Gasbarrini A (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci R (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), and Rigante D (ORCID:0000-0001-7032-7779)
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Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are defined by recurrent febrile attacks associated with protean manifestations involving joints, the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and the central nervous system, combined with elevated inflammatory markers, and are caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system. From a clinical standpoint, the most known SAIDs are familial Mediterranean fever (FMF); cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS); mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD); and periodic fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Current guidelines recommend the regular sequential administration of vaccines for all individuals with SAIDs. However, these patients have a much lower vaccination coverage rates in ‘real-world’ epidemiological studies than the general population. The main purpose of this review was to evaluate the scientific evidence available on both the efficacy and safety of vaccines in patients with SAIDs. From this analysis, neither serious adverse effects nor poorer antibody responses have been observed after vaccination in patients with SAIDs on treatment with biologic agents. More specifically, no new-onset immune-mediated complications have been observed following immunizations. Post-vaccination acute flares were significantly less frequent in FMF patients treated with colchicine alone than in those treated with both colchicine and canakinumab. Conversely, a decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been proved for patients with FMF after vaccination with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine. Canakinumab did not appear to affect the ability to produce antibodies against non-live vaccines in patients with CAPS, especially if administered with a time lag from the vaccination. On the other hand, our analysis has shown that immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae, specifically with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, was associated with a higher incidence of adverse reactions in CAPS patients. In addition, disease fla
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- 2023
46. Sex Differences in the Efficacy of Mediterranean Diet Treatment: A Nutrigenomics Pilot Study
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Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Frank, G., De Santis, G. L., Cianci, Rossella, Bigioni, G., De Lorenzo, A., Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Frank, G., De Santis, G. L., Cianci, Rossella, Bigioni, G., De Lorenzo, A., and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
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The Mediterranean diet (MedD) has been shown to have beneficial effects on health, well-being, and mental status. It potentially modulates gene expressions linked to oxidative stress, contributing to its beneficial effects on overall health. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of MedD treatment in healthy human volunteers on the expression of ten genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation in women and men. Of 30 enrolled subjects, 17 were eligible, 10 women and 7 men. All of them received the same MedD treatment. Before and after 8 weeks of MedD treatment, an evaluation of body composition, blood tests, and anthropometric and clinical parameters was performed. Furthermore, 10 genes were amplified and analyzed. The study showed significant differences between females and males in body composition and biochemical parameters before and after MedD treatment. Significant differences between females and males in Resistance Force (p < 0.009) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (p < 0.04) before MedD treatment, and in High-Density Lipoprotein (p < 0.02) after MedD treatment, were observed. Moreover, a significant upregulation of Apolipoprotein E and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme in females has been shown. Sex differences impact MedD treatment response, and influence the genetic expression of genes related to oxidative stress; our findings may help to personalize diet therapy and contribute to overall health and well-being.
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- 2023
47. The role of MTHFR polymorphisms in the risk of lipedema
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Gualtieri, P., Al-Wadart, M., de Santis, G. L., Alwadart, N., della Morte, D., Clarke, C., Best, T., Salimei, C., Bigioni, G., Cianci, Rossella, Lorenzo, A. D. E., Renzo, L. D. I., Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Gualtieri, P., Al-Wadart, M., de Santis, G. L., Alwadart, N., della Morte, D., Clarke, C., Best, T., Salimei, C., Bigioni, G., Cianci, Rossella, Lorenzo, A. D. E., Renzo, L. D. I., and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the role of MTHFR gene polymorphism (rs1801133) in women with lipedema (LIPPY) body composition parameters compared to a control group (CTRL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We carried out a study on a sample of 45 LIPPY and 50 women as a CTRL. Body composition parameters were examined by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiome-try (DXA). A genetic test was performed for the MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133, 677C>T) using a saliva sample for LIPPY and CTRL groups. Mann-Whitney tests evaluated statistically significant differences between four groups (carriers and non-carriers of the MTHFR polymorphism for LIPPY and CTRL groups) on anthropometric/body composition parameters to identify patterns. RESULTS: LIPPY showed significantly higher (p<0.05) anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, waist, abdominal, hip circumferences) and lower waist/hip ratio (p<0.05) compared to the CTRL group. The association between the polymorphism alleles related to the rs1801133 MTHFR gene and the body composition values LIPPY carriers (+) showed an increase in fat tissue of legs and fat region of legs percentage, arm’s fat mass (g), leg’s fat mass (g), and leg’s lean mass (g) (p<0.05) compared to CTRL (+). Lean/ fat arms and lean/fat legs were lower (p<0.05) in LIPPY (+) than in CTRL (+). In the LIPPY (+), the risk of developing the lipedema disease was 2.85 times higher (OR=2.85; p<0.05; 95% confidence interval = 0.842-8.625) with respect to LIPPY (-) and CTRL. CONCLUSIONS: The presence or absence of MTHFR polymorphism offers predictive parameters that could better characterize women with lipedema based on the association between body composition and MTHFR presence.
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- 2023
48. Exploring the Sustainable Benefits of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy
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Gualtieri, P., Marchetti, M., Frank, G., Cianci, Rossella, Bigioni, G., Colica, C., Soldati, L., Moia, A., De Lorenzo, A., Di Renzo, L., Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Gualtieri, P., Marchetti, M., Frank, G., Cianci, Rossella, Bigioni, G., Colica, C., Soldati, L., Moia, A., De Lorenzo, A., Di Renzo, L., and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
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This study aimed to identify adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and its effect on health and environmental and socioeconomic sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of the Italian population. Notably, it intended to assess the effect of adherence to the MedDiet on ecological footprints and food expenditure. A survey was conducted from the 5th to the 24th of April 2020 on Google Forms. The MEDAS questionnaire was used to determine the level of adherence to the MedDiet. The carbon footprint (CO2), water footprint (H2O), and food cost were calculated. In total, 3353 participants completed the questionnaire, ranging from 18 to 86 years old. A statistically significant difference was observed in the CO2 and H2O among BMI groups (p < 0.001). The low- and medium-MEDAS groups showed higher CO2 (p < 0.001). The food cost (EUR/week) resulted in statistically significant differences among the MEDAS groups. The CO2 results were significantly lower in organic-market buyers compared to non-organic-market buyers (p < 0.001). Public health must promote awareness of how adhering to a healthy lifestyle and making appropriate food choices can positively impact our health and social and economic well-being.
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- 2023
49. Factors Influencing Microbiota in Modulating Vaccine Immune Response: A Long Way to Go
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Ponziani, Francesca Romana, Coppola, Gaetano, Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, M., Borriello, Raffaele, Gambassi, Giovanni, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Cianci, Rossella, Ponziani F. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-5924-6238), Coppola G., Rio P., Borriello R., Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Ponziani, Francesca Romana, Coppola, Gaetano, Rio, Pierluigi, Caldarelli, M., Borriello, Raffaele, Gambassi, Giovanni, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Cianci, Rossella, Ponziani F. R. (ORCID:0000-0002-5924-6238), Coppola G., Rio P., Borriello R., Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
- Abstract
Vaccine immunogenicity still represents an unmet need in specific populations, such as people from developing countries and “edge populations”. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as the environment, age, and dietary habits, influence cellular and humoral immune responses. The human microbiota represents a potential key to understanding how these factors impact the immune response to vaccination, with its modulation being a potential step to address vaccine immunogenicity. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the intricate interactions between the microbiota and the immune system in response to vaccines, highlighting the state of the art in gut microbiota modulation as a novel therapeutic approach to enhancing vaccine immunogenicity and laying the foundation for future, more solid data for its translation to the clinical practice.
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- 2023
50. Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Cancer: The Role of Guardians of Innate Immunity
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Giambra, V., Pagliari, D., Rio, Pierluigi, Totti, B., Di Nunzio, C., Bosi, A., Giaroni, C., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Rio P., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442), Giambra, V., Pagliari, D., Rio, Pierluigi, Totti, B., Di Nunzio, C., Bosi, A., Giaroni, C., Gasbarrini, Antonio, Gambassi, Giovanni, Cianci, Rossella, Rio P., Gasbarrini A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7278-4823), Gambassi G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7030-9359), and Cianci R. (ORCID:0000-0001-5378-8442)
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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a persistent low-grade inflammation that leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Several factors are implicated in this pathogenetic pathway, such as innate and adaptive immunity, gut microbiota, environment, and xenobiotics. At the gut mucosa level, a complex interplay between the immune system and gut microbiota occurs; a disequilibrium between these two factors leads to an alteration in the gut permeability, called ‘leaky gut’. Subsequently, an activation of several inflammatory pathways and an alteration of gut microbiota composition with a proliferation of pro-inflammatory bacteria, known as ‘pathobionts’, take place, leading to a further increase in inflammation. This narrative review provides an overview on the principal Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), focusing on their recognition mechanisms, signaling pathways, and contributions to immune responses. We also report the genetic polymorphisms of TLRs and dysregulation of NLR signaling pathways that can influence immune regulation and contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory disease and cancer.
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- 2023
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