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Kisspeptin, a crucial central regulator of reproduction, has been used as a trigger in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. This study aimed to investigate the roles of kisspeptin in IVF treatment in infertile females ( n  = 30); and in steroidogenesis in human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN). In the human study, blood was collected at three time points including (1) the beginning of gonadotropin stimulation (Phase I), (2) around eight days after gonadotropin stimulation (Phase II), and (3) on the day of ovum pick-up (Phase III). Follicular fluid (FF) was collected at Phase III. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was measured 15 days after embryo transfer and fetal heart beats were determined around 42 days of menstrual cycle to classify the subjects into successful and unsuccessful groups. FF kisspeptin levels were higher in successful compared with unsuccessful subjects ( P  < 0.01). Kisspeptin levels were significantly higher in FF than in serum in successful subjects ( P  < 0.05) but were comparable in unsuccessful subjects. Serum kisspeptin was comparable among three phases in the successful group but its levels in Phase III were significantly lower compared with Phase I in the unsuccessful group ( P  < 0.01). Serum kisspeptin in Phase II/III had positive correlations with serum E2 in Phases II and III and the outcomes of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment including serum hCG levels. For the cell experiment ( n  = 3), kisspeptin treatment in the presence of FSH together with IGF-1 enhanced CYP19A1 (aromatase) mRNA expression compared with control. FSH alone increased aromatase concentrations in the supernatant compared with control and kisspeptin at the dose of 10 -2 mmol/L with FSH enhanced aromatase concentrations in the supernatant compared with FSH alone ( P  < 0.001 all). In conclusion, kisspeptin enhanced aromatase expression and secretion and was associated with positive outcomes of IVF/ICSI treatment. Further studies regarding supplementation of kisspeptin could reveal its beneficial effects on IVF/ICSI treatment.

Background: Adiposity is an inflammatory condition contributing to the morbidity and mortality of several disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease., Objective: To compare cardiometabolic risk factors between obese and non-obese Thai patients with T2DM MATERIAL AND METHOD: The cross-sectional study was done in 20 obese (BM >25 kg/m2) and 20 non-obese (BMI 23 kg/m2) T2DM Researchers measured fasting plasma glucose and lipids, serum levels of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors type 1 and 2 (sTNF-R] andsTNF-R2). Insulin sensitivity check index (QUICIKI) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated., Results: Thai obese adults with T2DMhad greater amounts ofsTNF-R2 and HOMA-IR, higher ratios of leptin/adiponectin, and more incidences of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia in comparison to non-obese counterparts. Additionally, HOMA-IR values in non-obese T2DMwere greater than those reported among non-diabetic Thai adults. A reverse association between inflammatory markers (both sTNF-Rs) andHDLC was detected. Leptin/adiponectin ratios correlated directly with HOMA-IR, serum insulin, plasma triglycerides and BMI, whereas HOMA-IR did not relate to any studied plasma lipid., Conclusion: The present study demonstrated an increased cardiometabolic risk in obese T2DM adults than non-obese T2DM adults among the Thai population. The leptin/adiponectin ratio may be more relevant to predict the risk of cardiovascular events in T2DMpatients than HOMA-IR.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) accompanied with cardiometabolic complications has progressively increased in Thailand. The roles of insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin, and free testosterone as prognostic indicators of MS among Thai population were evaluated, Material and Method: Men and women aged 34 to 89 years (n = 308) having 0-5 criteria of MS according to NCEP III with Asian-specific cut-points for waist circumference were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Blood glucose, lipids, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and free testosterone were measured, Results: Each component of MS, especially the enlarged waist, adversely affected insulin sensitivity. MS subjects were at higher risk for developing insulin resistance, decreasing of plasma adiponectin, and increasing of leptin and the leptin/ adiponectin ratio in comparison to non-MS individuals. The hormonal changes that have been shown to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk were amplifiedas more MS criteria have been met. Odds ratios of increased leptin/adiponectin ratio among MS group were highest in comparison to others. Free testosterone levels declined with age and did not discriminate men with MS., Conclusion: The results indicate the benefit of hormonal assessment, particularly the leptin/adiponectin ratio in identifying MS individuals with high cardiometabolic disease risk.

Objective: Alterations of hormones involved in food intake can lead to obesity and related-diseases. The aim of the present study was to measure plasma levels of appetite-related hormones: insulin, leptin, adiponectin, acylated ghrelin, and cortisol in connection with eating behaviors among obese and non-obese women., Material and Method: The present study was performed in 53 non-obese and 33 obese Thai women (BMI < 23 and > or = 25 kg/m2 respectively), aged 25 to 45 years. Saliva and fasting blood samples were collected for hormone measurements. Subjects 'eating behavior was evaluated using Thai version of the Three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) and their stress status was assessed by the Thai stress test (TST)., Results: In comparison to non-obese individuals, obese women showed higher disinhibition eating, plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA insulin resistance index, leptin, and triglyceride levels but lesser plasma adiponectin and HDLC. Lower adiponectin was directly associated with higher disinhibition eating. Plasma leptin related positively to fat mass and insulin resistance but negatively to acylated ghrelin level. The trend towards increased acylated ghrelin after adjusted for age, obesity and eating behaviors was shown in stress women., Conclusion: Increased insulin resistance, high leptin, and reduced adiponectin accompanied with disinhibition eating have been detected in obese women.