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3D orthogonal woven composites are receiving increasing attention with the ever-growing market of composites industries. New challenge what we face to is how the damage tolerance improve in such composites with orthogonal and layer-to-layer structure under both mechanical and extreme environment. In this paper, a novel impact damage suppression strategy is proposed by combining structural and electromagnetic properties to realize advanced functionalities. An integrated experimental platform is designed with a power system, a drop-testing machine and data acquisition devices to investigate the synergistic effects of pulse current and impact force on composites. Experimental results exhibit that pulse current can effectively reduce delamination damage and residual deformation. A multi-field coupled damage model is developed to analyze the evolutions of temperature, current and damage. The microcrack formation and extrusion deformation in yarns causes the local current redistribution in carbon fibers, and its interaction with the self-field produces an obvious anti-impact effect. The obtained results reveal the mechanism of damage suppression and provide a potential orientation for improving damage tolerance of these composites.

Objective: The number of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) procedures has been increasing in China. This study aimed to investigate the oncological safety of IBR, and to compare the survival and surgical outcomes between implant-based and autologous reconstruction. Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer who underwent immediate total breast reconstruction between 2001 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were evaluated. Patient satisfaction with the breast was compared between the implant-based and autologous groups. BCSS, DFS, and LRFS were compared between groups after propensity score matching (PSM). Results: A total of 784 IBR procedures were identified, of which 584 were performed on patients with invasive breast cancer (implant-based, n = 288; autologous, n = 296). With a median follow-up of 71.3 months, the 10-year estimates of BCSS, DFS, and LRFS were 88.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) (85.1%–93.0%)], 79.6% [95% CI (74.7%–84.8%)], and 94.0% [95% CI (90.3%–97.8%)], respectively. A total of 124 patients completed the Breast-Q questionnaire, and no statistically significant differences were noted between groups (P = 0.823). After PSM with 27 variables, no statistically significant differences in BCSS, DFS, and LRFS were found between the implant-based (n = 177) and autologous (n = 177) groups. Further stratification according to staging, histological grade, lymph node status, and lymph-venous invasion status revealed no significant survival differences between groups. Conclusions: Both immediate implant-based and autologous reconstruction were reasonable choices with similar long-term oncological outcomes and patient-reported satisfaction among patients with invasive breast cancer in China.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cancer development and progression. Here, we investigated the role of the lncRNA CCAT1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). CCAT1 expression was higher in TNBC cells than normal breast epithelial cells. Additionally, CCAT1 expression was higher in TNBC patient tumor tissue than adjacent normal breast tissue. Silencing CCAT1 inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and progression in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that microRNA-218 (miR-218) is a potential target of CCAT1. Silencing CCAT1 resulted in an increase in miR-218 expression and inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing miR-218 reversed the effects of CCAT1 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, suggesting that CCAT1 promotes TNBC progression by downregulating miR-218 expression. We identified the zinc finger protein ZFX as a putative downstream target of miR-218 through bioinformatics analysis. ZFX expression was higher in TNBC than normal breast cell lines and higher in TNBC tumor tissue than adjacent normal breast tissue. Overexpression of ZFX reversed the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-218 on TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our data indicate that CCAT1 promotes TNBC progression by targeting the miR-218/ZFX axis.

Background and objectives Immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction (IPBR) has gained wide popularity in China. We sought to clarify the prevalence and predictors of implant‐based vs autologous IPBR among Chinese patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed using a prospectively maintained database. Women who underwent IPBR during 2001‐2017 were included. The modality‐specific trends were deciphered by curve fitting analysis. The association of sociodemographic and oncological features with the decision for implant‐based vs autologous IPBR was investigated using multivariate logistic regression and structural equation modeling. Results Among 905 patients included in the study, 479 underwent implant‐based IPBR and 426 underwent autologous procedures. The implant/autologous ratio has increased exponentially over time. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that unmarried patients with BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2, earlier clinical tumor stage, and preoperative pathological diagnosis of noninvasive lesion are more likely to choose implant‐based IPBR compared to autologous procedures. The indirect effects of age, mastectomy type, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were further demonstrated by the structural equations. Conclusions The sociodemographic and oncological features are directly or indirectly associated with the decision on type of IPBR. The findings may facilitate both patients and physicians to make a high‐quality decision by holistic evaluation of the sociodemographic and oncological features.

In this study, we evaluated the function and regulation of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FAM83H-AS1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our data show that the FAM83H-AS1 levels are increased in human TNBC cells and tissues. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells are decreased by FAM83H-AS1 suppression, but increased by FAM83H-AS1 overexpression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-136-5p is a potential target of FAM83H-AS1. MiR-136-5p expression is decreased in TNBC tissues, and its overexpression suppresses TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. MiR-136-5p suppression reverses the FAM83H-AS1 silencing-mediated inhibition of TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, suggesting that FAM83H-AS1 exerts its oncogenic effect by inhibiting miR-136-5p. Our data identify metadherin (MTDH) as the target gene of miR-136-5p, and demonstrate that the MTDH expression is increased in human TNBC tissues, which induces proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. Importantly, our in vivo data show that FAM83H-AS1 also promotes tumor growth in TNBC mouse xenografts. Together, our results demonstrate that FAM83H-AS1 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA that regulates miR-136-5p and MTDH expression during TNBC progression, and suggest that targeting the FAM83H-AS1/miR-136-5p/MTDH axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target in TNBC.

Background: The rapid growth of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a big challenge for clinicians worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine may bring a new approach for solving this problem. The Tianqi Capsule Diabetes Prevention Study (REDUCES Study) reported that 1 years of therapy with Tianqi capsule reduced the risk of diabetes by 32.1% compared with the placebo. Here we aimed to assess the long-term effect of Tianqi capsule on prevention of T2DM in people with impaired glucose tolerance after discontinuation of active intervention. Methods/design: 420 subjects will be followed-up for 8 years to assess the long-term effect of Tianqi capsule intervention. The causes of death and the status of living subjects will be investigated. Follow-up data for living subjects will be collected by personal interview and clinical examination and medical record review to determine diabetes status. Questionnaires will be given to all the subjects to investigate the factors that probably affect the diabetes status during the 8-year of discontinuation of intervention. The primary outcome is the incidence of T2DM, and the secondary outcomes are body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipids and blood pressure. The Cox proportional hazards model will be used to estimate the hazard ratio for diabetes incidence. Analyses will be done with SAS 8.2 software package. Discussion: Results from this study may provide evidence for the long-term efficacy of Tianqi capsule in patients with prediabetes. The findings will provide a basis for further confirmatory studies. Ethics: The protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (approval number 2016-046-KY-01). Study registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02848053.

Aimed at researching the electric discharge radiation field only by the limited experimental data, a novel modeling method based on system identify theory was proposed. The established mathematic model consists of a transfer function, an attenuation factor and a time-delay factor. This equivalent model can easily describe the generation, transmission and reception process of the electric discharge radiation field. In order to gain the discharge data about currents and radiation field for identifying and testing the model, a needle-plate corona discharge simulation experiment was designed. The model parameters were identified by the experiment data measured at the distance of 2 meters. The radiation field signals at the distance from 10 meters to 30 meters, were directly predicted to verify the model performance. Comparing with the experimental data, the predicted radiation field signals have a high curve-fit degree. The proposed modeling method is a new convenient means to predict a radiation field of the electric discharge depending on limited data.

Carbon fiber reinforced composites applied to aerospace vehicles in a large amount are always provided with inhomogeneity and anisotropy. The existing theoretical calculation model, namely dynamic homogenization model, can only solve the problems of slow calculation and large memory consumption caused by inhomogeneity and anisotropy when the direction of electromagnetic wave electric field is perpendicular to carbon fiber. In order to meet the requirement of high precision extraction of electromagnetic parameters of aerospace composite materials, it is necessary to have a further study on the calculation model of electromagnetic properties of composite materials at arbitrary incident angles of electromagnetic waves. Our work mainly researches the high-precision calculation model of equivalent permittivity of anisotropic composites based on machine learning. Emphasis is laid on the study of the influence of multi-incident angle of electromagnetic wave on electromagnetic properties of anisotropic composites, the high-precision prediction model of electromagnetic parameters based on machine learning, model verification and optimization, etc.. First, the model training database is obtained through data processing based on the Helmholtz equation method; then, the machine learning high-precision calculation model is established by neutral network; finally, the remaining data is utilized into the machine learning model to verify the accuracy of the electromagnetic parameter model of the composite material. The calculation model of composite electromagnetic characteristics based on machine learning has the high-precision prediction ability of electromagnetic parameters of composite materials under arbitrary incident angle of electromagnetic wave. The extracted equivalent permittivity can be applied to electromagnetic properties of airframe structure in the aerospace vehicle modeling, which can be utilized to analyze shielding effectiveness and electromagnetic environment effects of aerospace vehicles. The purpose is to shorten the research and development cycle of aerospace vehicles, reduce the number of experiments and save the research and development funds.

INTRODUCTION Breast reconstruction for Chinese patients is vastly different given cultural differences, patient preferences, access to resources, and insurance coverage in China. Given these unique factors, a different approach for optimizing outcomes should be considered. METHODS Retrospective review of all patients undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction from January 2013 to May 2016 was performed. Esthetic evaluations were made both by the patients and 1 nonoperative surgeon at least 6 months postoperative, and patient satisfaction was assessed using the Breast-Q. RESULTS Overall, 135 patients undergoing 141 implant-based breast reconstructions were reviewed. The majority of implants (n = 134) were placed in a subpectoral position, whereas 7 were placed prepectorally, and no acellular dermal matrix was used. Given the limitations in acellular dermal matrix usage, soft-tissue coverage was augmented with local regional flaps. Ninety-four reconstructions (66.7%) used latissimus dorsi, 39 (27.7%) used serratus anterior, and 7 (5.0%) used mastectomy skin flaps only for implant coverage. Four patients (2.8%) underwent revision surgery to the reconstructed breasts. Grade III and grade IV capsular contracture was observed in 10 (7.1%) and 2 (1.4%) reconstructions, respectively. Both the patient's and the surgeon's satisfaction were higher than 80% in breast symmetry. CONCLUSIONS Our implant selection method fit the Chinese population characteristics and could be extended to different types of implant-based breast reconstruction. It produced good esthetic outcomes and was reproducible, predictable, and simple to master in the clinical setting.

In the process of comprehensive evaluation for guided and control law performance of aircraft, index weight value directly affects the evaluation result. In this article, the multiple indexes system for guided and control law performance of aircraft is established. An optimized method is put forward for weight determination of indexes, which is based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method, in condition of multple criteria. And a case study shows that the method takes account of more factors and makes it more reasonable.

Cardiac injury in neonatal 1-day-old mice stimulates a regenerative response characterized by reactive cardiomyocyte proliferation, which is distinguished from the fibrotic repair process in adults. Acute inflammation occurs immediately after heart injury and has generally been believed to exert a negative effect on heart regeneration by promoting scar formation in adults; however, little is known about the role of acute inflammation in the cardiac regenerative response in neonatal mice. Here, we show that acute inflammation induced cardiomyocyte proliferation after apical intramyocardial microinjection of immunogenic zymosan A particles into the neonatal mouse heart. We also found that cardiac injury-induced regenerative response was suspended after immunosuppression in neonatal mice, and that cardiomyocytes could not be reactivated to proliferate after neonatal heart injury in the absence of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the major downstream effector of IL-6 signaling, decreased reactive cardiomyocyte proliferation after apical resection. Our results indicate that acute inflammation stimulates the regenerative response in neonatal mouse heart, and suggest that modulation of inflammatory signals might have important implications in cardiac regenerative medicine.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text., Purpose There is an ongoing debate on the optimal sequence of radiation and breast reconstruction. The purpose of this article was to (a) assess the impact of radiation on autologous breast reconstruction and (b) analyze the best timing for autologous breast reconstruction in the setting of radiation in a Chinese population. Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing breast reconstruction with autologous lower abdominal flaps between 2001 and 2014 in the Tianjin Medical University and Cancer Hospital was performed. Patients were grouped by their irradiation status (irradiated vs nonirradiated). The irradiated group was further stratified into 2 groups by the timing of irradiation (immediate breast reconstruction followed by radiation vs prior radiation and delayed breast reconstruction). The primary outcomes were early and late breast complications, secondary and revision surgeries to the reconstructed breast, whereas the secondary outcomes were aesthetic and psychological evaluations of the patients. Logistic regression was used to assess the potential association between irradiation, patient and treatment variables, and surgical outcomes. Results Three hundred sixty patients with 370 reconstructed breasts were included in the study. Two hundred seventy-eight cases were nonirradiated, of which 158 were immediate and 120 were delayed. Ninety-two cases were irradiated, of which 61 were immediate, and 31 were delayed. Three hundred thirty-two cases underwent pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, 38 had deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. The irradiated group had a significant increase in secondary surgery due to fat necrosis (P < 0.001) and in late complications (P = 0.011). A significant increase in flap contracture (P = 0.043) and an increasing trend in the severity of fat necrosis were observed when radiation was performed after breast reconstruction. However, radiation and its timing did not have an adverse impact on patients' aesthetic and psychological evaluations by the Breast-Q survey. Conclusions Radiation administered to the reconstructed breast mound increased the rate of late complications and the need for secondary surgery with increased abdominal flap shrinkage and contracture and the severity of flap fat necrosis. Irradiation on the reconstructed breast did not lead to worse aesthetic outcomes due to the generally different expectation in the Chinese female patients in that they were more focused on the breast shape when clothed. Immediate breast reconstruction followed by irradiated was a generally successful treatment sequence in the Chinese module.

Introduction: The neonatal mouse heart retains regenerative ability up to 1 week after birth. The regenerative response is characterized by increased cardiomyocyte proliferation following apical resection. However, the mechanisms involved in the reactive cardiomyocyte proliferation are largely unknown. We hypothesized that the acute inflammation was required to activate the regenerative response. Methods and Results: We induced sterile inflammation through apical intramyocardial microinjection of zymosan A. Similar to apical resection, zymosan A led to a significant increase of expression levels of inflammatory markers(il6,il1b and ccl3) and number of infiltrating Gr-1(1A8)+ neutrophils demonstrated by realtime PCR and immunofluorescence, whereas at the same time there were no apparent effects on cell viability and tissue integrity. To test whether the induced inflammation led to incresed cardiomyocyte proliferation, we performed the double immunostaining for Ki67 or pH3 and α-actinin. We found a significant increase of proliferating cardiomyocaytes in zymosan A injected hearts relative to PBS injected hearts 4 and 7 days after injection. We also detected a significantly increased Brdu+ cardiomyocytes in zymosan A injected hearts relative to PBS injected hearts 21 days after injection. To explore whether the inflammation was necessary for the regenerative response, we immunosuppressed the mice of resected hearts by administering the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone(Dex). Realtime PCR(il6,il1b and ccl3) and immunofluorescence (Gr-1(1A8)) confirmed the immunosuppression effect, while there were no effects on body weight, cardiomyocyte size and cell viability. We found apparently decreased number of Ki67 or pH3 positive cardiomyocyes in apical resected and Dex treated mice compared to resected and PBS treated mice. Moreover, the resected and Dex treated mice hearts displayed a significantly decreased Brdu+ cardiomyocytes 21 days after resection. Next, we found the apical resected and Dex treated mice cannot regenerate their hearts after 21 days, even 5 weeks after injury. Conclusion: our results indicated the acute inflammation was required for regenerative response in 1-day-old mouse heart.