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An increasing number of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been approved for clinical use. However, improvements of both efficacy and safety in the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for the treatment with CNS diseases. We aimed to overcome the crucial issues by our development of various gapmer ASOs with a novel nucleoside derivative including a 2′,4′-BNA/LNA with 9-(aminoethoxy)phenoxazine (BNAP-AEO). The various gapmer ASOs with BNAP-AEO were evaluated for thermal stability, in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and acute CNS toxicity. Thermal stability analysis of the duplexes with their complementary RNAs showed that ASOs with BNAP-AEO had a higher binding affinity than those without BNAP-AEO. In vitro assays, when transfected into neuroblastoma cell lines, demonstrated that ASOs with BNAP-AEO, had a more efficient gene silencing effect than those without BNAP-AEO. In vivo assays, involving intracerebroventricular injections into mice, revealed ASOs with BNAP-AEO potently suppressed gene expression in the brain. Surprisingly, the acute CNS toxicity in mice, as assessed through open field tests and scoring systems, was significantly lower for ASOs with BNAP-AEO than for those without BNAP-AEO. This study underscores the efficient gene-silencing effect and low acute CNS toxicity of ASOs incorporating BNAP-AEO, indicating the potential for future therapeutic applications.

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are promising therapeutics for intractable central nervous system (CNS) diseases. For this clinical application, neurotoxicity is one of the critical limitations. Therefore, an evaluation of this neurotoxicity from a behavioral perspective is important to reveal symptomatic dysfunction of the CNS and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. We here exploited a behavioral analysis method to categorize and quantify the acute neurotoxicity of mice administered with toxic ASOs via intracerebroventricular injection. The toxic ASOs were found to reduce consciousness and locomotor function in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we analyzed the effects of modulators against receptors or channels, which regulate calcium influx of neurons, on the ASO neurotoxicity. Modulators promoting calcium influx mitigated, whereas those hindering calcium influx increased, in vivo neurotoxicity of ASOs in mice. In an in vitro assay to evaluate intracellular free calcium levels using rat primary cortical neurons, toxic ASOs reduced the calcium levels. The findings of this study demonstrated the behavioral characteristics of ASO-induced neurotoxicity and revealed that changes in intracellular free calcium levels are a part of the mechanism underlying the neurotoxic effects of ASO.

Two-dimensional (2D) violet phosphorus (VP) plays a significant role in the applications of photonic and optoelectronic devices due to its unique optical and electrical properties. The ultrafast carrier dynamics and nonlinear optical absorption properties were systematically investigated here. The intra- and inter-band ultrafast relaxation times of 2D VP nanosheets were measured to be ~6.83 ps and ~62.91 ps using the pump–probe method with a probe laser operating at 1.03 μm. The nonlinear absorption coefficient βeff, the saturation intensity Is, the modulation depth ΔR, and the nonsaturable loss were determined to be −2.18 × 104 cm/MW, 329 kW/cm2, 6.3%, and 9.8%, respectively, by using the Z-scan and I-scan methods, indicating the tremendous saturable absorption property of 2D VP nanosheets. Furthermore, the passively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser was realized with the 2D VP nanosheet-based SA, in which the average output power of 700 mW and the pulse duration of 478 ns were obtained. These results effectively reveal the nonlinear optical absorption characteristics of VP nanosheets, demonstrating their outstanding light-manipulating capabilities and providing a basis for the applications of ultrafast optical devices. Our results verify the excellent saturable absorption properties of 2D VP, paving the way for its applications in pulsed laser generation.

Abstract Background Pine wilt disease as a devastating forest disaster result from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus that spread by stem-borers Monochamus alternatus feeding on pine leaves, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the world's forestry due to lack of effective prevention and control measures. In this paper, we put forward a proposal for utilizing nanoHKUST-1 to encapusulate the Pyrethrins II that a nerve agent extracted from plant to control M. alternatus, including toxicity mechanism research, traceable biopesticide monitoring, and environment assessment for the first time. The highly biocompatible nanoHKUST-1 can solve the problems of poor water solubility, easy degradation and low control efficiency of Pyrethrins II. Results The results illustrated the biopesticide loading efficiency of PthII@HKUST-1 reached 85% and the cumulative release of pH-dependent PthII@HKUST-1 was up to 15 days (90%), and also effectively avoid photodegradation (pH 7.0, retention 60.9%). 50 nm PthII@HKUST-1 made it easily penetrate the body wall of MA larvae and transmit to tissue cells through contact and diffusion. Moreover, PthII@HKUST-1 can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity and utilization of Pyrethrins II, which will provide valuable research value for the application of typical plant-derived nerve agents in the prevention and control of forestry pests. PthII@HKUST-1 as an environmentally friendly nano-pesticide can efficiently deliver Pyrethrins II to the larval intestines and absorbed by the larvae. PthII@HKUST-1 could also be transmitted to the epidemic wood and dead wood at a low concentration (10 mg/L). Conclusion Here we speculate that nanoHKUST-1 will bring new opportunity to research biopesticide inhibition mechanism of different agricultural and forestry pests, which will break through the existing research limitations on development, utilization and traceable monitoring of biopesticide, especially for the study of targeting specific proteins. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Trunk-boring pests (TBPs) are an important type of forest pest, TBPs not only feed on the branches and trunks of trees, but also spread quarantine diseases in forests. However, because the larvae of TBPs live inside the trunk and are well concealed, prevention and control are difficult. The lack of effective control methods leads to the death of many trees in forests. In this study, a novel nanopesticide featuring high bioactivity and slow-release properties was developed to control TBPs. Thiacloprid (THI), which is commonly used to control Coleoptera species, was used as a model pesticide. Results The oleophobic properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were exploited to encapsulate the hydrophobic pesticide THI by self-assembly, and the size of the obtained nanoparticles, THI@BSA·NPs, was approximately 23 nm. The loading efficiency reached 70.4%, and THI@BSA·NPs could be released continuously for over 15 days, with the cumulative release reaching 93.5%. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled nanoparticles were evenly distributed in the digestive tract and body surface of a typical TBPs, M. alternatus, and the stomach and contact toxicities increased by 33.7% and 25.9%, respectively, compared with those of free THI. Furthermore, the results showed that the transport efficiency of THI@BSA·NPs was highest at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and the THI@BSA·NPs content in the trunk, from to lower to higher layers, was 8.8, 8.2, 7.6, and 5.8 μg/g. At the same time, THI@BSA·NPs also exhibited high transport efficiency in dead trees. Conclusion The transport efficiency and toxicity of the active ingredients are the key factors for the control of TBPs. This work provided idea for the application of biological delivery system encapsulated hydrophobic pesticides. The novel self-assembled THI@BSA·NPs have promising potential for sustainable control of TBPs.

Sulfur, an essential mineral element for animals, mainly exists in the form of organic sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs), such as cystine, methionine, and cysteine, within the body. The content, form, and structure of sulfur play an important role in determining the wool fiber quality. In addition, keratin-associated proteins, one of the most crucial wool fiber components, are rich in SAAs. However, sulfur metabolism from the blood to the skin and hair follicles remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed high-sulfur protein gene and sulfur metabolism genes in the cashmere goat and explored the effects of melatonin on their expression. In total, 53 high-sulfur protein genes and 321 sulfur metabolism genes were identified. We found that high-sulfur protein genes were distributed in the 3–4 and 144M regions of chromosome 1 and the 40–41M region of chromosome 19 in goats. Moreover, all year round, allele-specific expression (ASE) is higher in the 40–41M region of chromosome 19 than in the other regions. Total of 47 high-sulfur protein genes showed interaction with transcription factors and cofactors with ASE. These transcription factors and cofactors were inhibited after melatonin implantation. The network analysis revealed that melatonin may activate the sulfur metabolism process via the regulation of the genes related to cell energy metabolism and cell cycle in the skin, which provided sufficient SAAs for wool and cashmere growth. In conclusion, our findings provide a new insight into wool growth regulation by sulfur metabolism genes and high-sulfur protein genes in cashmere goats.

Anesthesia signal monitoring is a very important indicator in surgery, and the effective monitoring of anesthesia depth has been the goal of anesthesiologists and biomedical engineering experts in recent decades. First, the wavelet transform method is used to analyze the anesthesia monitoring EEG signals, and the extracted features are clustered by wavelet classifier to estimate the depth of anesthesia. Second, the characteristics of eigenvectors are constructed by a singular value decomposition based on wavelet transform coefficients. The extraction method extracts the characteristics of the mid-latency auditory evoked EEG under anesthesia. Finally, this paper collected a large amount of clinical data and established a clinical database of anesthesia depth. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.

Pine wilt disease is a devastating forest disaster caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the world’s forestry due to lack of effective prevention and control measures. In this paper, a porous structure CuBTC was designed to deliver avermectin (AM) and a control vector insect Japanese pine sawyer (JPS) of B. xylophilus, which can improve the biocompatibility, anti-photolysis and delivery efficacy of AM. The results illustrated the cumulative release of pH-dependent AM@CuBTC was up to 12 days (91.9%), and also effectively avoided photodegradation (pH 9.0, 120 h, retention 69.4%). From the traceable monitoring experiment, the AM@CuBTC easily penetrated the body wall of the JPS larvae and was transmitted to tissue cells though contact and diffusion. Furthermore, AM@CuBTC can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity and utilization of AM, which provides valuable research value for the application of typical plant-derived nerve agents in the prevention and control of forestry pests. AM@CuBTC as an environmentally friendly nanopesticide can efficiently deliver AM to the larval intestines where it is absorbed by the larvae. AM@CuBTC can be transmitted to the epidemic wood and dead wood at a low concentration (10 mg/L).

Background/Aims: Adenomyosis is a disease in which ectopic endometrial glands and stromal cells appear in the uterine myometrium. Despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of adenomyosis are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-10b and its target genes ZEB1 and PIK3CA in adenomyosis. Methods: 1387 miRNAs in human normal endometrium and ectopic endometrial lesions of adenomyosis using a microarray screen assay. The significant differential expression of 10 miRNAs was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The expression of miR-10b in endometrial epithelial cells isolated from normal endometrium and paired eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis was measured by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, the targets of miR-10b were predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed using a luciferase assay, and the mRNA and protein expression of ZEB1 and PIK3CA were assessed in the endometrium or endometrial epithelial cells by qRT-PCR and western blotting or immunohistochemical analysis. Cell migration and cell invasion of endometrial epithelial cells with different treatments by Transwell assays. The expression of p-AKT, Akt and E-cadherin proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Results: MiR-10b expression was significantly downregulated in both adenomyotic lesions and adenomyotic epithelial cells. MiR-10b overexpression in adenomyotic epithelial cells inhibited cell migration and invasion. We then demonstrated that miR-10b directly targets the 3'-UTRs of ZEB1 and PIK3CA, and downregulates ZEB1 and PIK3CA in adenomyotic epithelial cells, leading to increased E-cadherin expression and decreased Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions: miR-10b directly targets ZEB1 and PIK3CA to curb adenomyotic epithelial cell invasiveness via upregulation of E-Cadherin and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.

Background/Aims: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy among women worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying endometrial carcinogenesis are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of microRNA-182 and its target gene transcription elongation factor A-like 7 (TCEAL7) in EC. Methods: The expression of miR-182 in human normal endometrial epithelial cells (NEEC) and in three human endometrial carcinoma cell lines (HEC-1B, RL95-2 and AN3CA) was measured by qRT-PCR, and the mRNA and protein expression of TCEAL7 were assessed in the same three endometrial carcinoma cell lines and NEEC by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Subsequently, the target of miR-182 was predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed using a luciferase assay. Cell proliferation and colony formation of RL95-2 cells were examined by MTT assay and crystal violet staining, respectively. The expression of NFκB-p65, c-Myc and cyclin D1 proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Results: MiR-182 was significantly upregulated and TCEAL7 was downregulated in EC cell lines compared to NEEC. We showed that MiR-182 binds directly to a conserved 8 bp sequence in the 3'-UTR of TCEAL7, and inhibition of miR-182 upregulated TCEAL7 mRNA and protein expression to levels comparable to those induced by lentiviral-mediated overexpression of TCEAL7. MiR-182 inhibition decreased cell proliferation and colony formation ability, downregulated the expression of the pro-proliferative genes c-Myc and cyclin D1, and inhibited NFκB activation, and these effects were mimicked by TCEAL7 overexpression. Conclusions: miR-182 acts as an oncogenic miRNA in EC, promoting cell proliferation by targeting the tumor suppressor gene TCEAL7 and modulating the activity of its downstream effectors c-Myc, cyclin D1 and NFκB.

Abstract For fractured gas reservoirs with strong water drive, gas phase trapping affects the gas recovery significantly. The recovery may be less than 50% for some reservoirs while it is only 12% for Beaver River gas field. The gas phase trapping mechanism has been revealed by the results of depletion experimental test. The residual pressure of the trapped gas is as high as 11.75 MPa with a 12.8 cm imbibition layer resulting in gas recovery deceased 49.5% compared with that without imbibition layer. A mathematical model is built to calculate the imbibition thickness based on capillary pressure and relative permeability of the matrix. The gas phase trapping are analyzed by two representative wells in Weiyuan gas field, the intermittent production reinforces the imbibition thickness and result in gas trapped in the matrix block with high residual pressure for the low performace gas wells, the extremely low gas recovery can be explained more rationally. That lays a foundation of improving the gas recovery for fractured reservoirs.

IntroductionThe application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is an important factors affecting the quality of rice, and different nitrogen-efficient rice varieties show significant differences in their response to nitrogen and phosphorus application.MethodsIn this experiment, a low-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Deyou 4727) and a high-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Jingyou 781) were selected, and the changes in rice quality and differences in starch structure under nitrogen–phosphorus interaction treatments were determined.ResultsAppearance, flavor, starch content and thermodynamic properties, endosperm cell arrangement, and starch granule morphology and size were significantly influenced by variety, nitrogen-phosphorus interactions, and their interaction effects. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on quality was greater than that of phosphorus fertilizer. The whiteness and chalkiness rates of Deyou 4727 first decreased and then increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, wheras the appearance quality of Jingyou 781 increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. Starch crystallinity in Deyou 4727 first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, whereas starch crystallinity in Jingyou 781 increased continuously with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. The application of phosphorus fertilizer led to an increase in starch crystallinity in both nitrogen-efficient rice varieties, consistent with the response of different rice varieties to nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of appearance and chalkiness. With the increasing application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, the differences in the physicochemical properties and structure of starch became more significant.DiscussionHigh-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can significantly improve appearance quality under high nitrogen conditions, and the interactions of medium-high nitrogen and low-medium phosphorus can lead to a significant decrease in starch thermal parameters and retention rate, thus improving rice cooking quality. Low-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can also improve the quality of rice under low-medium-nitrogen conditions with appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer.

Exploring natural antioxidants is essential to delay lipid oxidation. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of Adinandra nitida (AN) extract in six edible oils, compared to TP and TBHQ. Methods included extract preparation, bioactive compounds analysis, in vitro antioxidant activities by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays, fatty acid composition detection, and POV determination. The results showed that AN was rich in total flavonoids, total phenols and had better iron ion reduction ability than TBHQ. In oleic and linoleic acid-rich oils, AN significantly delayed early-stage lipid oxidation, outperforming TP and TBHQ. In linolenic acid-rich oils, AN maintained a stable effect. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding interactions between main compounds and fatty acids, with Camelliaside A in (7.83) showing higher binding energy to linolenic acid than TBHQ (7.64), supporting the antioxidant effects. These findings suggest AN as a promising natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants, enhancing oil stability and shelf life.

The shared course and flipped course of Modern Educational Technology were constructed and applied based on the wisdom tree platform. The OMO teaching mode of "two courses, three links and two main subjects" was constructed according to the course teaching practice, and the teaching practice was carried out. The main teaching links and teaching quality assurance system of the mode were expounded and the application effect was analyzed from the three aspects of student evaluation, course performance and course goal achievement value. The problems in the application of the mode were discussed, and some improvement measures were put forward from the aspects of students, teachers and schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between implantation and soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) expression in cleavage embryo culture medium (ECM) in conjunction with early developmental kinetics determined by time-lapse imaging (TLI).Methods: A retrospective, single-center study was conducted involving 238 embryos from 165 patients who underwent Frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) using autologous oocytes, with either single or double embryo transfer. TLI morphokinetic parameters (t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8, cc2, s2, cc3, s3) of embryos were analyzed, and sHLA-G levels in D3 ECM were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A hierarchical classification model was developed to categorize embryos into five groups (A, B, C, D, E). The correlation between sHLA-G levels, TLI classification of embryos, and embryo implantation was investigated to establish a non-invasive method for evaluating implantation potential. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential influencing factors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value for implantation.Results: Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated that TLI parameters t5 and s3 and sHLA-G level in ECM were independent risk factors affecting embryo implantation. The implantation rate decreased from TLI classification A to E. The proposed classification model effectively assessed the implantation potential of embryos. The implantation rate was higher in the sHLA-G positive group compared to the sHLA-G negative group (p < 0.001). The expression of sHLA-G in D3 ECM, combined with the TLI classification model, accurately evaluated the implantation potential of embryos with an AUC of 0.876.Conclusion: The integration of cleavage kinetics and embryonic sHLA-G expression could reliably identify embryos with a high likelihood of successful implantation.

Multi-layer commingled production is the main feature of gas well development in Sulige tight sandstone gas reservoir, Ordos Basin. Identifying potential interference between layers and devising methods for their characterization are crucial considerations for optimizing the development of gas reservoirs. To address these issues, we designed a physical simulation experiment process and interlayer commingled mining schemes, implementing various interlayer combination modes. The results show that a common occurrence in the process of multi-layer commingled production of tight gas and water layers, whether it involves gas layers production alone or simultaneous production of gas and water layers. This phenomenon involves the crossflow of gas and water between layers, resulting in interlayer interference and a subsequent reduction in gas reservoir recovery. Based on these observations, the concept of an interlayer interference index in multi-layer commingled production in tight sandstone gas reservoirs is proposed. The interference index model is obtained by fitting the multiple linear regression method, showcasing its correlation with the physical properties of the reservoir. High water saturation and a significant permeability ratio of the water layer to the gas layer (exceeding the critical value of 1) can result in the early occurrence of interlayer interference and yield a higher interference index. Furthermore, based on the interference index model, a novel method for productivity evaluation of gas wells in tight gas reservoirs is established. The calculations demonstrate that the interference index curve effectively characterizes the interlayer interference performance of gas wells. The productivity and production performance predictions derived from this model align closely with historical production data, affirming the model's effectiveness and accuracy. Therefore, the interference index model emerges as a valuable tool for predicting the productivity and production performance of gas wells in Sulige tight sandstone gas reservoirs. The research results have important theoretical guidance and practical significance for the efficient development of Sulige tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Synthetic antioxidants have long been used to protect edible oils from oxidation. However, concerns about their potential health risks and environmental impact have led to a growing interest in natural antioxidants. In this study, we explore the antioxidant properties of extracts from four Nekemias plant species: Nekemias grossedentata (AGR), Nekemias megalophylla (AME), Nekemias chaffanjonii (ACH), and Nekemias cantoniensis (ACA) by obtaining the values for different tests. We investigate their bioactive compound content and evaluate their antioxidant capabilities on six edible oils categorized into three lipid systems based on their fatty acid compositions: oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Our findings demonstrate that AGR and AME extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, exhibit strong antioxidant activities in vitro, effectively inhibiting lipid oxidation, especially in oleic acid-rich oils like camellia oil. The antioxidant effects of these extracts are comparable to synthetic antioxidants such as TBHQ and superior to natural antioxidant Tea Polyphenols (TP). While the extracts also show antioxidant potential in linoleic and linolenic acid systems, the stability of their effects in these oils is lower than in oleic acid system. These results suggest that Nekemias species extracts have the potential to serve as natural additives for extending the shelf life of edible oils, contributing to the exploration of natural antioxidants.

Objective There was no universally accepted classification system that describes LHBT lesions as a type of its' pathology in patients with shoulder pain. This study aimed to determine the correlation of anatomic variants of glenoid labrum attachment of long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) and to assess their association, if any, with its lesions in rotator cuff tear (RCT) patients. Methods All RCT patients from January 2016 to December 2019 were assessed arthroscopically to classify the LHBT labrum attachment according to its' anatomical location. A simplified classification was created to describe the LHBT as normal, tendinitis, subluxation or dislocation, partial tear and superior labral tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion beyond type II The RCT were classified as three types as partial, small to medium and large to massive. The correlation of variants of LHBT labral attachment with type of LHBT lesions in different RCT groups was evaluated. Results In total, 669 patients were included for evaluation. The attachment of the LHBT was entirely posterior in 23 shoulders (3.4%), posterior‐dominant in 81 shoulders (12.1%), and equal in 565 shoulders (84.4%). In equal distribution LHBT attachment group, age > 60 (odds ratio: 2.928, P < 0.001) and size of RCT (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions. In the analysis of all patients, comparing with the partial thickness rotator cuff tear (PTRCT), the odds ratio of small to medium RCT and large to massive RCT was 2.398 and 6.606 respectively. In addition, age > 60 (odds ratio: 2.854, P < 0.001) and size of RCT (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions. In posterior dominant group, size of RCT was a significant risk factor of LHBT lesions but not any others (P < 0.001). In entirely posterior group, no risk factor of LHBT lesions was found. It showed that the variation of LHBT attachment was not a significant risk factor of LHBT lesions in rotator cuff repaired patients (p = 0.075). Conclusions There are three types of LHBT labrum attachment in RCT patients on arthroscopic observation. 84.4% were equal distribution of LHBT attachment on glenoid labrum, followed by posterior‐dominant (12.1%) and entirely posterior type (3.4%) in present study. Although the variation of LHBT attachment was not a significant risk factor of LHBT lesion in rotator cuff repaired(RCR) patients, there were different risk factors among three LHBT labral attachment types. In RCR patients, age > 60 and RCT size were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions.

Objectives To quantitatively assess and compare retinal macular structures of rural-dwelling older adults in China using two different optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners and to examine their associations with demographic, lifestyle, clinical and ocular factors.Design, setting and participants This population-based, cross-sectional study included 971 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China study. We collected data on demographics, lifestyle factors, clinical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease (CVD)) and ocular factors (eg, visual acuity and spherical equivalent). We used two models of spectral-domain OCT to measure macular parameters in nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields. Data were analysed using the multiple general linear models.Results Spectralis OCT demonstrated higher macular thickness but a lower macular volume than Primus 200 OCT (p

We investigate the star-forming properties of 23 Lyman continuum (LyC) leakers at z > 3 in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South field based on a systematic review of LyC observations from the literature. Using data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, we construct the spectral energy distributions for these LyC leakers, covering the spectrum from rest-frame ultraviolet to near-infrared. Through the application of a unified modeling approach, we measure the ultraviolet slope ( β ), star formation rate, and stellar mass for these LyC leakers in a consistent manner. These high-redshift LyC leakers demonstrate statistically blue UV-continuum slopes ( β ), which is consistent with their high escape fraction of LyC photons. We find that these high-redshift LyC leakers span a wide range of specific star formation rate ( $\mathrm{log}(\mathrm{sSFR}$ /yr) from −8.6 to −6.7). Ten of these LyC leakers are located on the star formation main sequence, instead of all being in the starburst mode. The results indicate that intense bursts of star formation are not necessarily required for the leakage of LyC photons for galaxies at z > 3.

Aoria nigripes (Baly, 1860) is one of the main pests of grapes, mainly damaging leaves, petioles and shoots and seriously affecting plant growth and development. Recently, this pest was found to damage the leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata, Ampelopsis megalophylla, Ampelopsis chaffanjonii and Ampelopsis cantoniensis. However, the phylogenetic relationships of A. nigripes and other related family members are unclear. In this study, we sequenced and analysed the complete mitogenome of A. nigripes for the first time. The mitogenome of A. nigripes is circular and 17,306 bp in size, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The base composition of the A. nigripes mitogenome is 41.70% A, 33.76% T, 9.01% G and 15.53% C. The phylogenetic analysis showed that A. nigripes was clustered together with Basilepta fulvipes and Colasposoma dauricum.