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As English for a special purpose, financial English is characterized by its strong professionalism and complex sentence structure, thus leading to many translation mistakes. This paper first introduces the stylistic features of financial English, then points out three common mistakes in financial translation with some corresponding examples. At last, three strategies are being put forward for improving the translation quality of financial English, aiming to promote the effective communication between international finance and foreign trade industries.

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Currently extensive effort is compulsively expended to decontaminate efficiently banned chemical war agents. In this work, H5PV2Mo10O40 molecules have been encapsulated in mesoporous MIL-101(Cr), which features two types of mesoporous cages (internal diameters of 29 A and 34 A) and microporous windows (diameters of 12 A and 16 A), leading to the formation of a new composite H5PV2Mo10O40@MIL-101(Cr) through a simple impregnation method. The composite was characterized thoroughly by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, TG/DTA, and textural analysis thereby confirming the encapsulation of the H5PV2Mo10O40 into MIL-101(Cr). The decontamination efficiency of sulfur mustard (4 μL HD in 40 μL of petroleum ether) by 20 mg of the composite is found to be 97.39% in 120 min under ambient conditions. GC-MS analysis on the decontaminated products using 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), which has been widely used as a simulant of sulfur mustard, showed that MIL-101(Cr) just decontaminates CEES by adsorption, while CEES can be decontaminated under ambient conditions by a synergetic combination of adsorption of MIL-101(Cr) and subsequent chemical oxidation degradation to nontoxic 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide (CEESO) due to the presence of highly dispersed H5PV2Mo10O40 within the composites.

Cu3(BTC)2 (H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) was anchored onto the surface of carboxymethylated chitosan non-woven fabrics by a controllable layer-by-layer technique in alternating solution baths of Cu(OAc)2·H2O and H3BTC solutions, and the resulting [Cu3(BTC)2]n@chitosan non-woven fabric composite materials (n = number of alternate deposition cycles) were thoroughly characterized. The results showed that the composite materials not only exhibited excellent decontamination ability against sulfur mustard (HD), with an enhanced degradation rate of HD with increasing n, but also possessed remarkable haemostasis performance. The degradation efficiency of sulfur mustard by [Cu3(BTC)2]4@chitosan was found to be much higher than that of pristine [Cu3(BTC)2]4. The inherent haemostatic capabilities of the chitosan non-woven fabrics were not affected by the growth of Cu3(BTC)2 on the surface of chitosan. Oral and histological toxicity examinations of the pristine Cu3(BTC)2 sample showed that damage and toxicity in the viscera of mice was very low, even if the intra-gastric administration dose of Cu3(BTC)2 reached a very high level (50 mg of Cu3(BTC)2 per kg of mouse). The results have shown that the as-prepared composite can be used safely as a promising haemostatic decontaminant with good recyclability against sulfur mustard.

Currently extensive effort is compulsively expended to decontaminate efficiently banned chemical war agents. In this work, H5PV2Mo10O40 molecules have been encapsulated in mesoporous MIL-101(Cr), which features two types of mesoporous cages (internal diameters of 29 Å and 34 Å) and microporous windows (diameters of 12 Å and 16 Å), leading to the formation of a new composite H5PV2Mo10O40@MIL-101(Cr) through a simple impregnation method. The composite was characterized thoroughly by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, TG/DTA, and textural analysis thereby confirming the encapsulation of the H5PV2Mo10O40 into MIL-101(Cr). The decontamination efficiency of sulfur mustard (4 μL HD in 40 μL of petroleum ether) by 20 mg of the composite is found to be 97.39% in 120 min under ambient conditions. GC-MS analysis on the decontaminated products using 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), which has been widely used as a simulant of sulfur mustard, showed that MIL-101(Cr) just decontaminates CEES by adsorption, while CEES can be decontaminated under ambient conditions by a synergetic combination of adsorption of MIL-101(Cr) and subsequent chemical oxidation degradation to nontoxic 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide (CEESO) due to the presence of highly dispersed H5PV2Mo10O40 within the composites.

Drought and heat stress are major causes of lost plant crop yield. In the future, high levels of CO2, in combination of other abiotic stress factors, will become a novel source of stress. Little is known of the mechanisms involved in the acclimation responses of plants to this combination of abiotic stress factors, though it has been demonstrated that heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are involved in plant response to various abiotic stresses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and a systematic analysis of genes in the Hsf gene family in Brassica napus. A total of 64 genes encoding Hsf proteins were identified and classified into 3 major classes: A, B and C. We found that, unlike in other eudicots, the A9 subclass is absent in rapeseed. Further gene structure analysis revealed a loss of the only intron in the DBD domain for BnaHsf63 and -64 within class C, which is evolutionarily conserved in all Hsf genes. Transcription profile results demonstrated that most BnaHsf family genes are upregulated by both drought and heat conditions, while some are responded to a high CO2 treatment. According to the combined RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis, the A1E/A4A/A7 subclasses were upregulated by both drought and heat treatments. Members in class C seemed to be predominantly induced only by drought. Among BnaHsf genes, the A2/A3/B2 subclasses were regulated by all three abiotic stresses. Members in A2/B2 subclasses were upregulated by drought and heat treatments, but were downregulated under high CO2 conditions. While the A3 subclass was upregulated by all the three abiotic stresses. Various stress-related cis-acting elements, enriched in promoter regions, were correlated with the transcriptional response of BnaHsfs to these abiotic stresses. Further study of these novel groups of multifunctional BnaHsf genes will improve our understanding of plant acclimation response to abiotic stresses, and may be useful for improving the abiotic stress resistance of crop varieties.

Penequine hydrochloride, a novel anticholinergic agent, was developed as an effective treatment for organophosphorus intoxication. The potential for penequine hydrochloride to induce fertility and early embryonic developmental toxicity was evaluated in AMMS-1 mice. Totally 320 healthy, sexual mature and nulliparous AMMS-1 mice were orally treated with the chemical in drinking water at dose levels of 0, 2.5, 12.5 and 62.5 mg/L from 60 days before cohabitation to successful copulation in 160 males and from two weeks before cohabitation to GD 6 in 160 females, respectively. All the parental mice were observed for body weights, water consumption and any abnormal change during treatment period. Caesarean sections were carried out on day 14 of pregnancy in half assumed-pregnant females, and all the intrauterine data were recorded. Pups naturally delivered by the other half females were weighed, and examined for viability, sex ratio and gross malformations. About 7 days after cohabitation period, all the paternal males were examined for epididymal and testicular weights, sperm number and sperm motility. The decreases in fertility/fecundity indices and maternal weight gain were found at high-dose level in both caesarean sections and natural delivery observations. The primary developmental toxicity of the chemical included decreases in relative organ (epididymis, liver and lung) weights at mid- and high-dose levels in pups on postnatal day (PND) 35. The cause of both the decreased fertility/fecundity indices in F0 males and the decreased relative organ weights in F1 pups are not well known but are presently under investigation. Under the experimental conditions, penequine hydrochloride did not produce any adverse effects (expect the decreases in certain relative organ weights) up to and including 12.5 mg/L (2.53 mg/kg/day in males and 2.19 mg/kg/day in females) corresponding to approximately 72 times above anticipated dosage in human.

Ricin is a glycoprotein produced in castor seeds and consists of two polypeptide chains named Ricin Toxin A Chain (RTA) and Ricin Toxin B Chain (RTB), linked via a disulfide bridge. Due to its high toxicity, ricin is regarded as a high terrorist risk for the public. However, antibodies can play a pivotal role in neutralizing the toxin. In this research, the anti-toxicant effect of mAb 4C13, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) established using detoxicated ricin as the immunized antigen, was evaluated. Compared with mAb 4F2 and mAb 5G6, the effective mechanism of mAb 4C13 was analyzed by experiments relating to its cytotoxicity, epitope on ricin, binding kinetics with the toxin, its blockage on the protein synthesis inhibition induced by ricin and the intracelluar tracing of its complex with ricin. Our result indicated that mAb 4C13 could recognize and bind to RTA, RTB and exert its high affinity to the holotoxin. Both cytotoxicity and animal toxicity of ricin were well blocked by pre-incubating the toxin with mAb 4C13. By intravenous injection, mAb 4C13 could rescue the mouse intraperitoneally (ip) injected with a lethal dose of ricin (20μg/kg) even at 6h after the intoxication and its efficacy was dependent on its dosage. This research indicated that mAb 4C13 could be an excellent candidate for therapeutic antibodies. Its potent antitoxic efficiency was related to its recognition on the specific epitope with very high affinity and its blockage of protein synthesis inhibition in cytoplasm followed by cellular internalization with ricin.

Penequine hydrochloride, a novel anticholinergic agent, was developed as an effective treatment for organophosphorus intoxication (e.g., soman poisoning). The current study was performed to assess the potential pre- and post-natal toxicity of penequine hydrochloride in mice. Approximately 120 timed-pregnant mice were assigned to four dose groups (n=30 per group). Dams were exposed orally to 0, 2.5, 12.5, 62.5 mg/L penequine hydrochloride in drinking water from gestation day 6 to lactation day 21. The F1 generation mice, which were not exposed directly to penequine hydrochloride as pups or as adults, were bred to produce F2 generation fetuses for the fertility test of the F1 population. Various pre- and post-natal measurements, including neurobehavioral tests, were performed with the F0 and F1 mice. Among the significant findings were decreases in water consumption, viability, organ weights and delay of physical landmarks in 62.5 mg/L groups. With the exception of treatment-unrelated abnormality in surface righting reflex in the F1 generation, penequine hydrochloride did not produce any adverse effects at doses up to and including 12.5 mg/L (equal to 2.5 mg/kg/day in mice) that were at least 75 times of human therapeutic dosage.