92 results on '"Chung Ju Huang"'
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2. Vertical Federated Knowledge Transfer via Representation Distillation for Healthcare Collaboration Networks.
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Chung-ju Huang, Leye Wang, and Xiao Han 0001
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- 2023
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3. Effects of acute slackline exercise on executive function in college students
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Ching-Tsai Wen, Chiung-Ling Chu, Hsueh-Chih Chen, Ting-Yu Chueh, Chih-Chien Lin, Shao-Yu Wu, Wei-Chen Hsu, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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executive functions ,exercise ,slackline ,college students ,acute ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
BackgroundPhysical exercise as an intervention for improving cognitive function, especially executive function, is receiving increasing attention because it is easily accessible, cost-effective and promises many additional health-related benefits. While previous studies focused on aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, recent findings have suggested that exercise with high coordination demand elicits beneficial effects on executive function. We therefore examined the effects of an acute slackline exercise on the executive functions of young adults.MethodsIn a crossover experimental design, 47 healthy participants (21 females), ranging in age from 18 to 27 years (M = 19.17, SD = 1.94) were randomly assigned to different sequences of two conditions (slackline exercise and film-watching). Before and after the 50 min intervention, a modified Simon task was used to assess participants’ executive function (inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility).ResultsCollege students showed better inhibitory control performance as indicated by shorter reaction times following acute slackline exercise than those who participated in the film-watching session. As there was no difference in accuracy between the slackline exercise and film-watching sessions, the shortened reaction time after slackline exercise provides evidence against a simple speed-accuracy trade-off.ConclusionCompared with film-watching, acute slackline exercise provides favorable effects on executive function necessitating inhibition in young adults. These findings provide insight into exercise prescription and cognition, and further evidence for the beneficial effects of coordination exercise on executive functions.
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- 2023
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4. Nonlinear refinement of functional brain connectivity in golf players of different skill levels
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Tai-Ting Chen, Kuo-Pin Wang, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Different functional connectivities in the brain, specifically in the frontoparietal and motor cortex–sensorimotor circuits, have been associated with superior performance in athletes. However, previous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have only focused on the frontoparietal circuit and have not provided a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive–motor processes underlying superior performance. We used EEG coherence analysis to examine the motor cortex–sensorimotor circuit in golfers of different skill levels. Twenty experts, 18 amateurs, and 21 novices performed 60 putts at individual putting distances (40–60% success rate). The imaginary inter-site phase coherence (imISPC) was used to compute 8–13 Hz coherence that can be used to distinguish expert-novice and expert-amateur differences during motor preparation. We assessed the 8–13 Hz imISPC between the Cz and F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 regions. (1) Amateurs had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC in the central regions (Cz–C3 and C4) than novices and experts, but experts had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC than novices. (2) Skilled golfers (experts and amateurs) had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC in the central–parietal regions (Cz–P3 and P4) than novices. (3) Experts had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC in the central–left temporal regions (Cz–T7) than amateurs and novices. Our study revealed that refinement of the motor cortex–sensorimotor circuit follows a U-shaped coherence pattern based on the stage of learning. The early learning stage (i.e., novice to amateur) is characterized by lower connectivity between the regions associated with motor control and visuospatial processes, whereas the late learning stage (i.e., amateur to expert) is characterized by lower connectivity in the regions associated with verbal-analytic and motor control processes.
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- 2022
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5. The effects of barbell resistance exercise on information processing speed and conflict-related ERP in older adults: a crossover randomized controlled trial
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Ting-Yu Lin, Shu-Shih Hsieh, Ting-Yu Chueh, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract It is difficult to draw conclusions about the effect of resistance exercises on information processing speed and inhibitory control from previous studies due to possible underestimations of maximal strength and the lack of information on the intervention programs. To address this issue, a familiarization of resistance exercise was introduced before the strength test, and the repetition-to-fatigue method was used to calculate the 1RM (one repetition max). A two-arm RCT was conducted to evaluate the cognitive effect of resistance exercise. Male adults aged 50–65 years old performed a single bout of multiple joint, structural barbell resistance exercises (back squat, press, and deadlift) with 75% 1RM * 5 repetitions * 3 sets with 2–3 min rest between sets and exercises or a stretching exercise session (active-control intervention). This type of resistance exercise improved the information processing speed measured by Stroop task reaction time (t(23) = − 2.313, p = .030, M = − 16 ms, 95% CI [− 30, − 2]) and decreased the conflict-related neural activity measured by event-related potential N2b in both congruent (t(20) = 2.674, p = .015, M = 2.290 μv, 95% CI [0.504, 4.075]) and incongruent (t(20) = 2.851, p = .018, M = 2.291 μv, 95% CI [0.439, 4.142]) conditions. Resistance exercise significantly improved information processing speed and decrease conflict-related neural activity, but did not change inhibitory control in older adults compared to active control. Trial registration: NCT04534374 (01/09/2020).
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- 2021
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6. Sustained Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults
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Chien-Chih Chou, Ming-Chun Hsueh, Yi-Hsiang Chiu, Wen-Yi Wang, Mei-Yao Huang, and Chung-Ju Huang
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inhibitory control ,executive function ,resistance exercise ,sustained effects ,middle-aged adult ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The present study examined the sustained effects of acute resistance exercise on inhibitory function in healthy middle-aged adults. Seventy healthy middle-aged adults (mean age = 46.98 ± 5.70 years) were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups, and the Stroop test was administered before, immediately after, and 40 min after exercise. The resistance exercise protocol involved two sets of seven exercises performed for a maximum of 10 repetitions, with 60 s between sets and exercises. Acute resistance exercise resulted in higher Stroop test performance under the incongruent (inhibition) and interference conditions immediately post-exercise and 40 min post-exercise. Furthermore, the difference in scores after 40 min was significant. The findings indicate that a moderately intensive acute resistance exercise could facilitate Stroop performance and has a more beneficial effect on sustaining of cognition that involves executive control at least 40 min.
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- 2021
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7. Resting Theta/Beta Ratios Mediate the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Inhibition in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Chi-Fang Lin, Chung-Ju Huang, Yu-Jung Tsai, Ting-Yu Chueh, Chiao-Ling Hung, Yu-Kai Chang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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ADHD ,TBR ,motor ability ,interference ,mediator ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Despite that previous studies have supported relationships between motor ability and inhibitory function, and between resting brain theta/beta power ratios (TBR) and inhibition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little research has examined the mechanism within these relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TBR would mediate the relationship between motor ability and inhibitory function. A total of 71 children with ADHD were recorded resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data during eyes-open. Motor abilities were evaluated by Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and inhibitory ability were assessed by a modified Eriksen’s flanker task. The results of mediation analyses revealed that TBR could completely mediate the relationship between motor competence and response speed (indirect effect = −0.0004, 95% CI [−0.0010, −0.0001]) and accuracy (indirect effect = 0.0003, 95% CI [0.0000, 0.0010]) in the incongruent condition of the flanker task. This study suggests that TBR may be one of the mechanisms between motor ability and inhibition function in children with ADHD.
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- 2021
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8. Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Control in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Yu-Jung Tsai, Shu-Shih Hsieh, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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intensity ,acute exercise ,executive function ,arousal level ,ADHD ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The present study aimed to examine whether the effect of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is moderated by exercise intensity. Using a within-subjects design, 25 children with ADHD completed a flanker task with concurrent collection of electroencephalography (EEG) data after three different intensities of treadmill running. The results showed that low- and moderate-intensity exercises resulted in shorter reaction times (RTs) relative to vigorous-intensity exercise during the incompatible condition of the flanker task regardless of task congruency. A P3 congruency effect was observed following low- and vigorous-intensity exercises but not after moderate-intensity exercise. The mean alpha power, a measure of cortical arousal, increased following low- and moderate-intensity exercises but decreased following vigorous-intensity exercise. In addition, the change in arousal level after moderate-intensity exercise was negatively correlated with RT during incompatible flanker tasks. The current findings suggest that children with ADHD have better inhibitory control following both low- and moderate-intensity exercises relative to vigorous aerobic exercise, which could be characterized by an optimal state of cortical arousal.
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- 2021
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9. Superior Performance in Skilled Golfers Characterized by Dynamic Neuromotor Processes Related to Attentional Focus
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Kuo-Pin Wang, Cornelia Frank, Yen-yu Tsai, Kao-Hung Lin, Tai-Ting Chen, Ming-Yang Cheng, Chung-Ju Huang, Tsung-Min Hung, and Thomas Schack
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electroencephalography ,precision sports ,attention ,constrained action hypothesis ,meshed control theory ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The meshed control theory assumes that cognitive control and automatic processes work together in the natural attention of experts for superior performance. However, the methods adopted by previous studies limit their capacity to provide in-depth information on the neuromotor processes. This experiment tested the theory with an alternative approach. Twelve skilled golfers were recruited to perform a putting task under three conditions: (1) normal condition, with no focus instruction (NC), (2) external focus of attention condition (EC), and (3) internal focus of attention condition (IC). Four blocks of 10 putts each were performed under each condition. The putting success rate and accuracy were measured and electroencephalographies (EEGs) were recorded. The behavioral results showed that the NC produced a higher putting success rate and accuracy than the EC and IC. The EEG data showed that the skilled golfers’ attentional processes in the NC initially resembled those in the EC and then moved toward those in the IC just before putting. This indicates a switch from more automatic processes to cognitive control processes while preparing to putt. The findings offer support for the meshed control theory and indicate the dynamic nature of neuromotor processes for the superior performance of athletes in challenging situations.
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- 2021
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10. Effects of self-efficacy on frontal midline theta power and golf putting performance
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Chien-Lin Yu, Cheng-Wei Kao, Jia-Hao Wu, Eric Hung, Wei-Chun Chang, Ren-Ting Yang, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Self-efficacy (SE) is recognized as a main determinant of successful performance and may mediate the relationship between psychological performance enhancement techniques and sports performance. Identifying the cognitive–motor processes of superior performance can provide crucial information not only for accelerating the motor learning process but also for enhancing motor performance. The frontal midline theta power (Fmθ) reflects the level of top–down attention allocated to achieve a desired cognitive–motor behavior. Thus, this study investigated the effect of SE on the performance and Fmθ of golf players and explored the association between the objective measures of cortical dynamics and SE. Thirty-four skilled golfers were recruited (within-subject design) to perform 60 putts, and their electroencephalographic activity was recorded during the task. The SE score was measured using a visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 10 before each putt. Paired t test results revealed that trials with higher SE scores were associated with a higher putting success rate than trials with lower SE scores (53.3% vs 46.7%). Moreover, trials with higher SE scores were preceded by lower Fmθ than trials with lower SE scores (4.49 vs. 5.18). These findings suggested that higher SE was followed by less top–down attentional control, a characteristic of automatic processing, leading to better putting performance. Our findings support Bandura’s SE theory and elucidate the intermediate processes of SE by investigating the effect of the anticipation of outcomes on sports performance and attentional control before putting.
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- 2023
11. Impact of emotional and motivational regulation on putting performance: a frontal alpha asymmetry study
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Tai-Ting Chen, Kuo-Pin Wang, Ming-Yang Cheng, Yi-Ting Chang, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Golf ,Anxiety ,Attention ,Self-regulation ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background The efficacy of emotional and motivational regulation can determine athletic performance. Giving the short duration and fast changing nature of emotions experienced by athletes in competition, it is important to examine the temporal dynamics of emotional and motivational regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional and motivational regulation as measured by frontal alpha asymmetry in skilled golfers during putting performance after a performance failure. Methods Twenty skilled university golfers were recruited and requested to perform 40 putts at an individualized difficulty level of 40–60% successful putting rate. Trials immediately after a failed putt were selected for analysis. Successful performances were those trials where a hole was and unsuccessful performances were those that failed. The frontal alpha asymmetry index of LnF4-LnF3 was derived for statistical analysis. Results (1) Successful performance was preceded by a larger frontal alpha asymmetry index at T2 than that of T1, and (2) a larger frontal alpha asymmetry index was observed for unsuccessful performance than for successful performance at T1. Discussion The results suggest that successful emotional and motivational regulation was characterized by a progressive increase of frontal alpha asymmetry, which led to subsequent putting success when facing an emotionally provocative putting failure. These findings shed light on the application of frontal alpha asymmetry for the understanding and enhancement of emotional and motivational regulation during sport performance.
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- 2019
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12. Sex-based differences in cognitive anxiety and felt arousal of elite archers: a field study
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Maryam Abdoshahi, Miran Kondric, and Chung-Ju Huang
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Gender Studies ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology - Abstract
This study compares the levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety between male and female archers across different competition stages. Fifty-seven professional recurve archers (28 men, 29 women) who participated in the Asian Archery Championships were recruited as participants. Their levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety were recorded during the stages of qualifying, individual elimination, and team competition using the Sport Grid-Revised. The results showed no sex-based differences in competitive anxiety when competition stages were considered. However, the female archers demonstrated higher levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety than the male archers across the different stages. Further, all archers regardless of sex showed higher cognitive anxiety in the individual elimination and team competition stages than the qualifying stage. The findings show sex-based differences in felt arousal and cognitive anxiety before competitions. In addition, increasing cognitive anxiety is likely associated with fundamental differences in levels of competition pressure at various stages of a match. It seems beneficial for athletes to focus on reducing gender stereotypes through preventive interventions and developing effective coping strategies toward competitive anxiety.
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- 2021
13. The Effect of Exercise Training on Brain Structure and Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review Based on Evidence from Randomized Control Trials
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Feng-Tzu Chen, Rachel J. Hopman, Chung-Ju Huang, Chien-Heng Chu, Charles H. Hillman, Tsung-Min Hung, and Yu-Kai Chang
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aerobic exercise ,cognitions ,magnetic resonance imaging ,aging ,grey matter ,white matter ,Medicine - Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that exercise training is associated with improvements in brain health in older adults, yet the extant literature is insufficient in detailing why exercise training facilitates brain structure and function. Specifically, few studies have employed the FITT-VP principle (i.e., Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression) to characterize the exercise exposure, thus research is yet to specify which characteristics of exercise training benefit brain outcomes. To determine whether exercise training is consequential to cognitive and brain outcomes, we conducted a systematic review investigating the effects of exercise training on brain structure and function in older adults. PubMed and Scopus were searched from inception to February 2020, and study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A total of 24 randomized controlled trials were included. This systematic review indicates that older adults involved in exercise training may derive general benefits to brain health, as reflected by intervention-induced changes in brain structure and function. However, such benefits are dependent upon the dose of the exercise intervention. Importantly, current evidence remains limited for applied exercise prescriptions (e.g., volume, progression) and future research is needed to clarify the effects of exercise training on cognitive and brain outcomes in older adults.
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- 2020
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14. Effects of acute aerobic exercise on response preparation in a Go/No Go Task in children with ADHD: An ERP study
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Lan-Ya Chuang, Yu-Jung Tsai, Yu-Kai Chang, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Attention orienting ,Contingent negative variation ,Cognition ,Physical activity ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of acute exercise on reaction time and response preparation during a Go/No Go Task in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nineteen children with ADHD (aged between 8 and 12 years old) undertook a 30-min intervention that consisted of treadmill running or video-watching presented in a counterbalanced order on different days. A Go/No Go Task was administrated after exercise or video-watching. Results: The results indicated a shorter reaction time and smaller contingent negative variation (CNV) 2 amplitude following exercise relative to the video-watching. For event related potential (ERP) analyses, greater CNV 1 and CNV 2 amplitudes in response to No Go stimuli in comparison to Go stimuli was observed in the video-watching session only. Conclusion: These findings suggest that acute exercise may benefit children with ADHD by developing appropriate response preparation, particularly in maintaining a stable motor preparatory set prior to performing the given task.
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- 2015
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15. Collaborative neural processes predict successful cognitive-motor performance
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Ting‐Yu Chueh, Calvin M. Lu, Chung‐Ju Huang, Bradley D. Hatfield, and Tsung‐Min Hung
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Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Abstract
Psychomotor efficiency is achieved by expert performers who exhibit refined attentional strategies and efficient motor program execution. Further understanding of the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis requires examination of the co-activation of key electroencephalographic (EEG) indices, including frontal theta (Fθ) power, left temporal alpha (T3α) power, the sensory-motor rhythm (SMR), and frontocentral alpha power (FCα). This study examined the relationship between these selected neural processes and the odds of successful cognitive-motor performance. EEG indices of successful and failed putts observed in twenty-seven skilled golfers were subjected to mixed-effects logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that concurrent elevations of Fθ and T3α were associated with increased odds of successful performance. The co-activation from motoric processes indicated by SMR and FCα also elevated the odds. Overall, the findings emphasize that refined attention allocation and effective motor program processing are essential cognitive features of superior cognitive-motor performance for skilled golfers.
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- 2022
16. The unique contribution of motor ability to visuospatial working memory in school‐age children: Evidence from event‐related potentials
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Chih‐Chien Lin, Shu‐Shih Hsieh, Chung‐Ju Huang, Shih‐Chun Kao, Yu‐Kai Chang, and Tsung‐Min Hung
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Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Neurology ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,General Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
This study investigated the unique contribution of motor ability to visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and neuroelectric activity in school-age children. Seventy-six children aged 8.7 ± 1.1 years participated in this cross-sectional study. We assessed aerobic fitness using the 20-m endurance shuttle run test, muscular fitness (endurance, power) using a standard test battery, and motor ability (manual dexterity, ball skills, and static and dynamic balance) using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. A modified delayed match-to-sample test was used to assess VSWM and the P3 component of event-related potentials. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that greater aerobic fitness was associated with smaller coefficient of variation of reaction time (p = .008), greater muscular fitness was associated with higher response accuracy (p = .022), greater motor ability was associated with higher response accuracy (p .001) and increased P3 mean amplitude (p .001) after controlling for age. Furthermore, the positive associations of motor ability with response accuracy (p = .001) were independent of muscular fitness. The findings from this study provide new insight into the differential associations between health-related fitness domains and VSWM, highlighting the influence of motor ability on brain health and cognitive development during childhood.
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- 2022
17. Effects of cognitive demand during acute exercise on inhibitory control and its electrophysiological indices: A randomized crossover study
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Ting-Yu Chueh, Chiao-Ling Hung, Yu-Kai Chang, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology - Published
- 2023
18. Sports training enhances visuo-spatial cognition regardless of open-closed typology
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Ting-Yu Chueh, Chung-Ju Huang, Shu-Shih Hsieh, Kuan-Fu Chen, Yu-Kai Chang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Cognitive function ,Sports ,Expertise ,Event-related potential ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of open and closed sport participation on visuo-spatial attention and memory performance among young adults. Forty-eight young adults—16 open-skill athletes, 16 closed-skill athletes, and 16 non-athletes controls—were recruited for the study. Both behavioral performance and event-related potential (ERP) measurement were assessed when participants performed non-delayed and delayed match-to-sample task that tested visuo-spatial attention and memory processing. Results demonstrated that regardless of training typology, the athlete groups exhibited shorter reaction times in both the visuo-spatial attention and memory conditions than the control group with no existence of speed-accuracy trade-off. Similarly, a larger P3 amplitudes were observed in both athlete groups than in the control group for the visuo-spatial memory condition. These findings suggest that sports training, regardless of typology, are associated with superior visuo-spatial attention and memory performance, and more efficient neural resource allocation in memory processing.
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- 2017
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19. Effects of an 8-week yoga program on sustained attention and discrimination function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Chien-Chih Chou and Chung-Ju Huang
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Executive function ,Cognitive benefits ,Physical exercise ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This study investigated whether a yoga exercise intervention influenced the sustained attention and discrimination function in children with ADHD. Forty-nine participants (mean age = 10.50 years) were assigned to either a yoga exercise or a control group. Participants were given the Visual Pursuit Test and Determination Test prior to and after an eight-week exercise intervention (twice per week, 40 min per session) or a control intervention. Significant improvements in accuracy rate and reaction time of the two tests were observed over time in the exercise group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that alternative therapies such as yoga exercises can be complementary to behavioral interventions for children with attention and inhibition problems. Schools and parents of children with ADHD should consider alternatives for maximizing the opportunities that children with ADHD can engage in structured yoga exercises.
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- 2017
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20. Organizational stressors predict competitive trait anxiety and burnout in young athletes: Testing psychological resilience as a moderator
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Chung-Ju Huang, Di Wu, Shaohui Ma, Yin Luo, and Weibing Zhang
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biology ,Athletes ,education ,05 social sciences ,Stressor ,Psychological intervention ,050109 social psychology ,Burnout ,Moderation ,biology.organism_classification ,050105 experimental psychology ,Correlational study ,Trait anxiety ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,psychological phenomena and processes ,General Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The experience of athlete burnout is influenced by the psychosocial dynamics within sports organizations. Factors relevant to the stress-burnout process need to be explored to guide the development of effective strategies for preventing or reducing athlete burnout. The study aim was to examine how levels of psychological resilience influence the relationships among organizational stressors, competitive trait anxiety, and burnout symptoms in athletes. Within a correlational study design, a survey of 506 young athletes (mean age = 21.3 years) collected data on psychological resilience, organizational stressors, competitive trait anxiety, and athlete burnout (reduced sense of accomplishment, sport devaluation, emotional/physical exhaustion). A conditional process analysis was conducted to test whether competitive trait anxiety mediated the association between organizational stressors and athlete burnout and its dependence on psychological resilience levels. The results indicated that organizational stressors could contribute to burnout symptoms as they could induce high levels of competitive trait anxiety in athletes (indirect effect = .08–.11, Sobel Z = 3.58–5.41). For athletes with higher levels of psychological resilience, the indirect effect of organizational stressors on athlete burnout via competitive trait anxiety was weaker. These results highlight the importance of psychological resilience and competitive trait anxiety in understanding how organizational stressors relate to burnout in athletes. Sports practitioners are recommended to develop resilience-training interventions to support individuals encountering organizational stressors in sport.
- Published
- 2021
21. Neuroelectric and Behavioral Effects of Acute Exercise on Task Switching in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
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Chiao-Ling Hung, Chung-Ju Huang, Yu-Jung Tsai, Yu-Kai Chang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Executive Function ,working memory ,physical activity ,ERP ,switch cost ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The main purpose of this two-part study was to examine the effects of acute, moderate intensity exercise on task switching in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In study 1, we compared the task switching performance of children with and without ADHD. Twenty children with ADHD and 20 matched controls performed the task switching paradigm, in which the behavioral indices and P3 component of event-related potentials elicited by task-switching were assessed simultaneously. The amplitude and latency of P3 reflected the amount of attention resource allocated to task-relevant stimulus in the environment and the efficiency of stimulus detection and evaluation, respectively. The task switching included two conditions; the pure condition required participants to perform the task on the same rule (e.g., AAAA or BBBB) whereas the mixed condition required participants to perform the task on two alternating rules (e.g., AABBAA…). The results indicated that children with ADHD had significantly longer RTs, less accuracy, and larger global switch cost for accuracy than controls. Additionally, ADHD participants showed smaller amplitudes and longer P3 latencies in global switch effects. In study 2, we further examined the effects of an acute aerobic exercise session on task switching in children with ADHD. Thirty-four children with ADHD performed a task switching paradigm after 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill and after control sessions (watching videos while seated). The results revealed that following exercise, children with ADHD exhibited smaller global switch costs in RT compared with after control sessions. The P3 amplitude only increased following exercise in the mixed condition relative to the pure condition, whereas no effects were found in the control session. These findings suggest that single bouts of moderate intensity aerobic exercise may have positive effects on the working memory of children with ADHD.
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- 2016
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22. Can Movement Games Enhance Executive Function in Overweight Children? A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Kuan-Chou Chen, Chien-Chih Chou, Chung-Ju Huang, Mei-Yao Huang, and Hsin-Yu Tu
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual perception ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Overweight ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Education ,law.invention ,Physical education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Function (engineering) ,media_common ,Intelligence quotient ,Movement (music) ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Purpose: This study determines the effect of movement games on executive function among overweight children.Methods: Forty-four overweight children received an intervention of movement games, and 40 overweight children participated in original physical education lessons. An intervention of movement games was conducted three times a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Neuropsychological tasks and the Stroop and determination tests were assessed pre- and postintervention.Results: The results indicated that movement games enhanced the children’s performance in the inhibitory control and attentional function, particularly in the interference tendency condition, whereas no performance improvement was noted in the original physical education lessons.Conclusion: The findings indicate that movement games can be utilized as a useful intervention for improving the attentional and inhibitory problems of overweight children. School authorities should consider incorporating these activities into programs related to physical and health education.
- Published
- 2020
23. Systematic review of the acute and chronic effects of high-intensity interval training on executive function across the lifespan
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Shu Shih Hsieh, Shih Chun Kao, Tsung Min Hung, Ting Yu Chueh, Chung Ju Huang, Charles H. Hillman, and Yu Kai Chang
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Longevity ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,High-Intensity Interval Training ,Interval training ,Executive Function ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Bias ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Child ,Aged ,business.industry ,Research ,Age Factors ,030229 sport sciences ,Function (mathematics) ,Middle Aged ,psychiatry ,Inhibition, Psychological ,Memory, Short-Term ,Research Design ,Female ,sports ,business ,High-intensity interval training ,Forecasting - Abstract
Research regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on executive function has grown exponentially in recent years. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the current state of literature. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize previous research regarding the acute and chronic effects of HIIT on executive function across the lifespan and highlight future research directions. The results indicated that acute bouts of HIIT has a positive effect on inhibition in children/adolescents and adults, and further that chronic HIIT benefits inhibition and working memory in children. More research employing chronic interventions, focusing on middle-aged and older adults, and examining the effects on the working memory and cognitive flexibility domains of executive function are needed. Future research should also focus on a) the use of stronger research designs, b) the effects of HIIT dosage/modality, c) consideration of individual differences, d) possible underlying mechanisms, and e) examining the feasibility of translating HIIT to real-word settings.
- Published
- 2020
24. Acute Exercise Facilitates the N450 Inhibition Marker and P3 Attention Marker during Stroop Test in Young and Older Adults
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Shu-Shih Hsieh, Chung-Ju Huang, Chien-Ting Wu, Yu-Kai Chang, and Tsung-Min Hung
- Subjects
aerobic exercise ,cognitive inhibition ,Stroop test ,N450 ,P3 ,Medicine - Abstract
While considerable evidence supporting the positive influence of acute exercise on cognitive inhibition, little is known regarding the underlying cognitive processes. There is also little neuroelectric evidence regarding the effects on older adults of acute exercise-elicited cognitive benefits. Thus, our objective was to explore the possible neural markers underlying improved cognitive inhibition, with particular attention to the N450 and P3 components, following acute exercise. Another aim was to investigate whether cognitive gains seen in young adults are replicated in older adults. Twenty-four young males and 20 older males underwent either a single bout of aerobic exercise or video-watching in counterbalanced order. Afterwards, cognitive inhibition was assessed by the Stroop test. Results revealed that acute exercise resulted in shorter response time regardless of age or congruency. Regarding the neuroeletric data, acute exercise resulted in larger P3 amplitude and smaller N450 amplitude regardless of congruency or age. Further, following exercise, changes in response time interference were correlated with changes in incongruent N450 amplitude. Collectively, acute exercise-facilitated conflict monitoring and attention control, as signified by the N450 and P3 components, may be the underlying processes leading to better Stroop performance, with conflict monitoring having a stronger association with task performance. Further, cognitive gains resulting from acute exercise were found to the same extent in both young and older adults.
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- 2018
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25. Sustained Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults
- Author
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Ming-Chun Hsueh, Wen-Yi Wang, Chien-Chih Chou, Chung Ju Huang, Mei-Yao Huang, and Yi-Hsiang Chiu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Resistance training ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Mean age ,Cognition ,middle-aged adult ,inhibitory control ,sustained effects ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,resistance exercise ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,executive function ,Neurology ,Inhibitory control ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Middle-aged adult ,business ,Biological Psychiatry ,Neuroscience ,Original Research ,RC321-571 ,Stroop effect - Abstract
The present study examined the sustained effects of acute resistance exercise on inhibitory function in healthy middle-aged adults. Seventy healthy middle-aged adults (mean age = 46.98 ± 5.70 years) were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups, and the Stroop test was administered before, immediately after, and 40 min after exercise. The resistance exercise protocol involved two sets of seven exercises performed for a maximum of 10 repetitions, with 60 s between sets and exercises. Acute resistance exercise resulted in higher Stroop test performance under the incongruent (inhibition) and interference conditions immediately post-exercise and 40 min post-exercise. Furthermore, the difference in scores after 40 min was significant. The findings indicate that a moderately intensive acute resistance exercise could facilitate Stroop performance and has a more beneficial effect on sustaining of cognition that involves executive control at least 40 min.
- Published
- 2021
26. Resting Theta/Beta Ratios Mediate the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Inhibition in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Yu Jung Tsai, Chiao Ling Hung, Tsung Min Hung, Yu Kai Chang, Chung Ju Huang, Ting Yu Chueh, and Chi Fang Lin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Mediation (statistics) ,interference ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,motor ability ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Psychology ,ADHD ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Beta (finance) ,General Psychology ,Motor ability ,Original Research ,TBR ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,BF1-990 ,Attention deficit ,mediator ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Despite that previous studies have supported relationships between motor ability and inhibitory function, and between resting brain theta/beta power ratios (TBR) and inhibition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little research has examined the mechanism within these relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TBR would mediate the relationship between motor ability and inhibitory function. A total of 71 children with ADHD were recorded resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data during eyes-open. Motor abilities were evaluated by Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and inhibitory ability were assessed by a modified Eriksen’s flanker task. The results of mediation analyses revealed that TBR could completely mediate the relationship between motor competence and response speed (indirect effect = −0.0004, 95% CI [−0.0010, −0.0001]) and accuracy (indirect effect = 0.0003, 95% CI [0.0000, 0.0010]) in the incongruent condition of the flanker task. This study suggests that TBR may be one of the mechanisms between motor ability and inhibition function in children with ADHD.
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- 2021
27. Muscular fitness, motor competence, and processing speed in preschool children
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Chi Fang Lin, Yu Jung Tsai, Chung Ju Huang, Shih Chun Kao, Chiao Ling Hung, Shu Shih Hsieh, and Tsung Min Hung
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Social Psychology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Physical fitness ,050109 social psychology ,Cognition ,Developmental psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,business ,Psychology ,Competence (human resources) ,Motor skill ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between muscular fitness and motor competence and processing speed in preschool children. Eighty-four preschool-aged children were recruited an...
- Published
- 2019
28. The effects of barbell resistance exercise on information processing speed and conflict-related ERP in older adults: a crossover randomized controlled trial
- Author
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Tsung Min Hung, Shu Shih Hsieh, Chung Ju Huang, Ting Yu Lin, and Ting Yu Chueh
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Science ,Squat ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neural activity ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Human behaviour ,Reaction Time ,Psychology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Attention ,Muscle Strength ,Trial registration ,Evoked Potentials ,Exercise ,Aged ,Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,Cognitive ageing ,business.industry ,Resistance training ,Information processing ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Electroencephalography ,Resistance Training ,Cognition ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,psychiatry ,Cognitive control ,Perception ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience ,Stroop effect - Abstract
It is difficult to draw conclusions about the effect of resistance exercises on information processing speed and inhibitory control from previous studies due to possible underestimations of maximal strength and the lack of information on the intervention programs. To address this issue, a familiarization of resistance exercise was introduced before the strength test, and the repetition-to-fatigue method was used to calculate the 1RM (one repetition max). A two-arm RCT was conducted to evaluate the cognitive effect of resistance exercise. Male adults aged 50–65 years old performed a single bout of multiple joint, structural barbell resistance exercises (back squat, press, and deadlift) with 75% 1RM * 5 repetitions * 3 sets with 2–3 min rest between sets and exercises or a stretching exercise session (active-control intervention). This type of resistance exercise improved the information processing speed measured by Stroop task reaction time (t(23) = − 2.313, p = .030, M = − 16 ms, 95% CI [− 30, − 2]) and decreased the conflict-related neural activity measured by event-related potential N2b in both congruent (t(20) = 2.674, p = .015, M = 2.290 μv, 95% CI [0.504, 4.075]) and incongruent (t(20) = 2.851, p = .018, M = 2.291 μv, 95% CI [0.439, 4.142]) conditions. Resistance exercise significantly improved information processing speed and decrease conflict-related neural activity, but did not change inhibitory control in older adults compared to active control.Trial registration: NCT04534374 (01/09/2020).
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- 2021
29. Nonlinear refinement of functional brain connectivity in golf players of different skill levels
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Tai-Ting Chen, Kuo-Pin Wang, Chung-Ju Huang, and Tsung-Min Hung
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Adult ,Male ,Multidisciplinary ,Adolescent ,Science ,Motor Cortex ,Brain ,Electroencephalography ,Athletic Performance ,Young Adult ,Athletes ,Motor Skills ,Medicine ,Golf ,Humans ,Female - Abstract
Different functional connectivities in the brain, specifically in the frontoparietal and motor cortex–sensorimotor circuits, have been associated with superior performance in athletes. However, previous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have only focused on the frontoparietal circuit and have not provided a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive–motor processes underlying superior performance. We used EEG coherence analysis to examine the motor cortex–sensorimotor circuit in golfers of different skill levels. Twenty experts, 18 amateurs, and 21 novices performed 60 putts at individual putting distances (40–60% success rate). The imaginary inter-site phase coherence (imISPC) was used to compute 8–13 Hz coherence that can be used to distinguish expert-novice and expert-amateur differences during motor preparation. We assessed the 8–13 Hz imISPC between the Cz and F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 regions. (1) Amateurs had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC in the central regions (Cz–C3 and C4) than novices and experts, but experts had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC than novices. (2) Skilled golfers (experts and amateurs) had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC in the central–parietal regions (Cz–P3 and P4) than novices. (3) Experts had lower 8–13 Hz imISPC in the central–left temporal regions (Cz–T7) than amateurs and novices. Our study revealed that refinement of the motor cortex–sensorimotor circuit follows a U-shaped coherence pattern based on the stage of learning. The early learning stage (i.e., novice to amateur) is characterized by lower connectivity between the regions associated with motor control and visuospatial processes, whereas the late learning stage (i.e., amateur to expert) is characterized by lower connectivity in the regions associated with verbal-analytic and motor control processes.
- Published
- 2021
30. Successful Motor Performance of a Difficult Task: Reduced Cognitive-Motor Coupling
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Tsung Min Hung, Chung Ju Huang, Tai-Ting Chen, Ming-Yang Cheng, Kao-Hung Lin, Thomas Schack, and Kuo Pin Wang
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Coupling (electronics) ,Social Psychology ,Control theory ,psychomotor efficiency ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Cognition ,neurofeedback ,electroencephalography (EEG) ,precision sports ,Psychology ,performance optimization ,Applied Psychology ,Task (project management) - Abstract
This study characterized the adaptive attentional allocation that occurs during motor preparation. The specifications of task-relevant and task-irrelevant neural processes are key processes that facilitate successful performances by skilled athletes under difficult task conditions. Previous sport psychophysiology studies have used event-related desynchronization/synchronization analysis and electroencephalography (EEG) power analysis to distinguish the types of neuroelectric activity that occur during effortful but functional performance and effortful but dysfunctional performance. However, the dynamics of cortico-cortical communication in both performance states remain unclear. This study linked the simple model of attention allocation and the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis with EEG coherence analysis to specify the dynamics of cortico-cortical communication during successful performance. A within-subjects design was used. Intersite phase coherence (ISPC) and imaginary ISPC were used to compute 8-13 Hz EEG connectivity from EEG recordings obtained before successful and unsuccessful performances (i.e., 40 skilled golfers; 40%-60% putting success rate as individual task difficulty). Successful performance was characterized by (a) lower 8-13 Hz ISPC and imaginary ISPC (imISPC) at T7-Fz in the -2,000 to -1,000 ms time window and (b) lower 8-13 Hz imISPC at T7-Cz in the -1,000 to 0 ms time window. This study suggests that successful performance is characterized by reduced communication between verbal-analytical and motor planning processes, followed by decreased communication between verbal-analytical and motor control processes before putting initiation. Our findings not only characterize the dynamic neuromotor processes between successful performance and unsuccessful performance of a difficult task, but also provide practical guidelines for interventions such as neurofeedback training.
- Published
- 2021
31. Up-regulation of proactive control is associated with beneficial effects of a childhood gymnastics program on response preparation and working memory
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Shu Shih Hsieh, Tsung Min Hung, Chung Ju Huang, Chih Chien Lin, Yu Kai Chang, and Charles H. Hillman
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Gymnastics ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,education ,Control (management) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Cognition ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Event-related potential ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Beneficial effects ,Evoked Potentials ,Motor skill ,Working memory ,05 social sciences ,psychiatry ,Contingent negative variation ,Up-Regulation ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Memory, Short-Term ,sports ,Psychology ,human activities ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The current study focused on the effects of an 8-week motor skill-based physical activity (i.e., gymnastics) program on the contingent negative variation derived from event-related brain potentials (CNV-ERP) during a working memory task in children. Children aged 7–10 years old were assigned to a gymnastics group (n = 26) or a wait-list control group (n = 24). The gymnastics group engaged in a gymnastics program whereas children in the control group were asked to maintain their typical routine during the intervention period. Working memory performance was measured by a delayed-matching working memory task, accompanied by CNV-ERP collection. The results revealed significant improvement of response accuracy from pre-test to post-test in the gymnastic group regardless of memory demands. Moreover, significant increase from pre-test to post-test in the initial CNV was observed in the gymnastic group regardless of memory demands. Bivariate correlations further indicated that, in the gymnastic group, increases in response accuracy from pre-test to post-test were correlated with increases in initial CNV from pre-test to post-test in task conditions with lower and higher memory loads. Overall, the current findings suggest that up-regulation of proactive control may characterize the beneficial effects of childhood motor skill-based physical activity on working memory.
- Published
- 2020
32. The effects of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control and resting state heart rate variability in children with ADHD
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Tsung Min Hung, Chung Ju Huang, Ting Yu Chueh, Chien Lin Yu, Charles H. Hillman, and Shu Shih Hsieh
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Medicine ,Diseases ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Synaptic Transmission ,050105 experimental psychology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heart Rate ,Internal medicine ,Inhibitory control ,Reaction Time ,Medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Heart rate variability ,Humans ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,lcsh:Science ,Child ,Beneficial effects ,Evoked Potentials ,Exercise ,Balance (ability) ,Multidisciplinary ,Resting state fMRI ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:R ,Heart ,psychiatry ,Inhibition, Psychological ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Cardiology ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,sports ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomarkers ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The current study examined the effects of acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (MAE) on inhibitory control and resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our data show that acute MAE resulted in higher response accuracy of a modified flanker task regardless of task difficulty for 60 min (p = .001). Aerobic exercise further resulted in more effective conflict detection, as measured by greater amplitude (p = .012) and shorter latency (p = .029) of the N2 component of event-related brain potential, for 60 min regardless of task difficulty. In contrast, acute MAE did not modulate sympathovagal balance signified by HRV at either 30 min or 60 min following exercise cessation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control are sustained for 60 min in children with ADHD. However, acute aerobic exercise may not modulate sympathovagal balance during the post-exercise recovery. Overall, we highlight the importance of acute aerobic exercise for children with ADHD as a potential means to facilitate brain health.
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- 2020
33. Differences in working memory as a function of physical activity in children
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Chung Ju Huang, Shu Shih Hsieh, Heng Tsai, Yu Kai Chang, Tsung Min Hung, and Dennis Fung
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,P3 amplitude ,Physical fitness ,Physical activity ,Short-term memory ,Audiology ,Body Mass Index ,Executive Function ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Accelerometry ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,Child ,Evoked Potentials ,Exercise ,Partial correlation ,business.industry ,Working memory ,Confounding ,Electroencephalography ,030229 sport sciences ,Memory, Short-Term ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Physical Fitness ,Female ,business ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given previous research examining the relationship between physical activity (PA) and working memory in children has not taken into account of potentially confounders, this study specifically controlled for the effects of intelligence and fitness-related factors (i.e., aerobic and motor fitness) on this relationship. METHOD Thirty-two children were assigned to either the higher PA group (HP) (n = 16) or lower PA group (LP) (n = 16) based on their amount of PA as measured by an accelerometer. Working memory was measured by the delayed-matching test, with concurrent recordings of event-related potentials including the P3 and the positive slow wave (PSW) components. RESULTS Data analysis controlling for the effects of potential confounders found that the HP group had higher response accuracy in both task conditions relative to the LP group. For reaction times (RT), the HP group showed shorter RT than the LP group in the delayed condition. Furthermore, the HP group had similar P3 amplitudes across task conditions, whereas amplitudes in the delayed condition were smaller than that in the non-delayed condition in the LP group. In addition, the HP group also showed larger PSW amplitudes than the LP group. Supplementary partial correlations analysis indicated negative correlations between levels of PA with RT in both task conditions, and positive correlations with P3 amplitude and PSW amplitude in the delayed condition. CONCLUSIONS Children with higher levels of PA, while controlling for individual differences in intelligence and fitness-related factors, have better working memory as assessed by both behavioral and neuroelectric measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2018
34. Effects of Acute Exercise on Resting EEG in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Author
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Yu Jung Tsai, Chung Ju Huang, Chiao Ling Hung, Tsung Min Hung, Chien-Ting Wu, Yu Kai Chang, and Ching Wen Huang
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physical activity ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Arousal ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Treadmill ,Child ,Exercise ,Resting eeg ,Cross-Over Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Alertness ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Case-Control Studies ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,After treatment - Abstract
This two stage study examined the effects of acute exercise on resting electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The first stage compared the neural oscillatory patterns of children with and without ADHD. Resting EEGs were recorded under an open-eyes condition from 24 boys with ADHD and 28 matched controls. The second stage of the study employed a randomized cross-over trial design. The 24 boys with ADHD engaged in a 30-min intervention that consisted of either running on a treadmill or watching a video on alternative days, with resting EEGs recorded before and after treatment. The first stage found that children with ADHD exhibited significantly higher theta/beta ratios over the midline electrodes sites than controls. The second stage further indicated that children with ADHD displayed smaller theta/beta ratios following the exercise condition compared with the video-watching condition. This finding suggests that acute exercise normalizes arousal and alertness of children with ADHD, as reflected in resting EEG readings.
- Published
- 2018
35. The relationship between internalizing problems and acute exercise duration in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The role of frontal alpha asymmetry
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Chung Ju Huang, Yu Jung Tsai, Tsung Min Hung, Chien Lin Yu, Shu Shih Hsieh, and Ting Yu Chueh
- Subjects
Alpha asymmetry ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychopathology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,psychiatry ,Clinical Psychology ,Eeg data ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Child ,Psychology ,Association (psychology) ,Child Behavior Checklist ,Exercise ,Exercise duration - Abstract
Background Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been associated with the regulation of certain types of internalizing psychopathologies, and is affected by acute aerobic exercise (AE). However, no previous studies have examined the association between FAA and internalizing problems or the effects of acute exercise on FAA in children with ADHD. Aims This study had two objectives. First, it aimed to examine the relationship between FAA and internalizing behaviors in children with ADHD. Second, it sought to investigate the differential effects of acute AE (30 and 50 min) on FAA. Method Participants were assigned to one of the following three groups: 50 min of AE, 30 min of AE, and a control group. Resting electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded before and after their respective treatments. EEG data from 43 participants were analyzed to investigate the association between pre-test FAA and internalizing problems as assessed by Child Behavior Checklist scores. Additionally, EEG data from 46 participants were analyzed to examine the effects of acute AE on post-test FAA while controlling for pre-test FAA. Results Pre-test FAA was found to be significantly negatively associated with internalizing problems, with both hemispheres contributing to this association. Regarding the effects of acute exercise, the 50-minute AE group had highest post-test FAA, reflected by the increased relative left-side frontal activity. Conclusions These findings suggest that FAA is a biological marker of internalizing symptoms in children with ADHD, and a 50-minute session of AE can effectively modulate FAA.
- Published
- 2021
36. Differences of Career Preparation and Coping Strategies among College Student-Athletes Based on the Transtheoretical Model
- Author
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Chung-Ju Huang
- Subjects
Transtheoretical model ,Student athletes ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2017
37. The relationship between physical fitness and inhibitory ability in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An event-related potential study
- Author
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Chiao Ling Hung, Chia Liang Tsai, Chung Ju Huang, Yu Jung Tsai, Yu Kai Chang, and Tsung Min Hung
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physical fitness ,Cognition ,030229 sport sciences ,Muscular power ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lower body ,Event-related potential ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Statistical analysis ,Psychology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Applied Psychology ,Aerobic capacity - Abstract
Objectives The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between physical fitness and interference control by comparing higher and lower fitness children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral indices. Design Cross-sectional design was employed. Method Eighty children, previously diagnosed with ADHD, were evaluated on their inhibitory ability as measured during their participation in the flanker task, and this ability was examined in relationship to measures of their physical fitness. Only children in the top 40% or in the bottom 40% of the distribution for each fitness components were included in the statistical analysis. Results The results showed that children with higher levels of muscular endurance, muscular power, and aerobic capacity had shorter reaction times (RT) and larger P3 amplitudes compared to less fit children. In addition, children with lower body composition had shorter reaction times and shorter P3 latencies compared to those with higher body composition. Conclusions Better physical fitness, especially muscular endurance, muscular power, aerobic capacity, and body composition, were associated with enhanced interference control in children with ADHD. Our findings suggest the need for a closer examination of the possible impact of different aspects of fitness on the general relationship between physical fitness and cognition.
- Published
- 2017
38. Organizational Stressors and Competitive Anxiety in Athletes: The moderating role of psychological flexibility.
- Author
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WEIBING ZHANG, SHAOHUI MA, DI WU, and CHUNG-JU HUANG
- Abstract
Tbe importance of organizational stressors bas been increasingly acknowledged by researchers studying psychosocial responses in atbletes. This study examined tbe association between tbe frequency of encountered organizational stressors and competitive trait anxiety, and investigated bow psychological flexibility could moderate sucb a relationship. Witbin a cori·elational study design, 526 athletes (M = 20.0 years) from tbe eastern China completed a battery of self-report measures. Data were analyzed witb a regression-based moderation analysis, using tbe PROCESS macro for SPSS. Tbe results revealed positive relationships between tbe frequency of organizational stressors and competitive trait anxiety, wbereas negative relationsbips between psychological flexibility and organizational stressors as well as competitive trait anxiety. A reduced association was observed between tbe frequency of organizational stressors and worry, and between tbe stressorfrequency and concentration disruption in athletes witb bigber levels of psychological flexibility, compared to those witb lower levels of psycbologicalflexibility. 7 be findings bigblight tbe influential role of psycbological flexibility in acting as a buffer against potential negative outcomes experienced by athletes in response to organizational stressors encountered in sport settings. -Wbere possible, sport organizations and coacbes should place emphasis on changing athletes' experiences of organizational stressors and developing atbletes' psychological flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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39. Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Executive Function in Children With and Without Learning Disability: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Chung-Ju Huang, Mei Yao Huang, Yi Hsiang Chiu, Chien Chih Chou, Ming Chun Hsueh, and Hsin Yu Tu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Exercise group ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Neuropsychological Tests ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Typically developing ,Executive Function ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Humans ,Attention ,Child ,Exercise ,business.industry ,Learning Disabilities ,05 social sciences ,Neuropsychology ,050301 education ,Test (assessment) ,Learning disability ,Physical therapy ,medicine.symptom ,business ,0503 education ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
This study examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise on sustained attention and discriminatory ability of children with and without learning disabilities (LD). Fifty-one children with LD and 49 typically developing children were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups. The participants in the exercise groups performed a 30-min session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, whereas the control groups watched a running/exercise-related video. Neuropsychological tasks, the Daueraufmerksamkeit sustained attention test, and the determination tests were assessed before and after each treatment. Exercise significantly benefited performance in sustained attention and discriminatory ability, particularly in higher accuracy rate and shorter reaction time. In addition, the LD exercise group demonstrated greater improvement than the typically developing exercise group. The findings suggest that the acute aerobic exercise influenced the sustained attention and the discriminatory function in children with LD by enhancing regulation of mental states and allocation of attentional resources.
- Published
- 2019
40. Experts’ successful psychomotor performance was characterized by effective switch of motor and attentional control
- Author
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Ming-Yang Cheng, Jie Feng, Chung Ju Huang, Kuo Pin Wang, Yu Kai Chang, Tai Ting Chen, Jie Ren, and Tsung Min Hung
- Subjects
Psychomotor learning ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,Attentional control ,Cognition ,030229 sport sciences ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,Sport performance ,Cortical activation ,050105 experimental psychology ,The dual-process theory ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Attention ,EEG ,Psychology ,Alpha power ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Objectives This study proposed that Mu (8–13 Hz) and SMR (12–15 Hz) readings in the sensorimotor cortical area can be used to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying optimal motor performance. Design This study used a within-subject design. Method Forty expert golfers were recruited to perform 60 putts while their EEGs were recorded. The putting distance was chosen to ensure that approximately 50% of all putts would be missed so that there was a need for constant adjustments to be made during performance. Successful performance was defined as the ball going in the hole. Results (a) Lower Mu power in Cz, and alpha power in Pz and Oz were observed for successful performances compared with unsuccessful performances at T1 (−2000 ∼ −1000 ms); (b) Higher SMR power in Cz was observed for successful performances relative to unsuccessful performances at T2 (−1000 ∼ 0 ms). Conclusions These findings not only support the multi-action plan model (MAP) and the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis, but also reveal the temporal dynamics of the cognitive mechanisms in an optimal-controlled state.
- Published
- 2019
41. Sensorimotor Rhythm Neurofeedback Enhances Golf Putting Performance.
- Author
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Ming-Yang Cheng, Chung-Ju Huang, Yu-Kai Chang, Dirk Koester, Schack, Thomas, Tsung-Min Hung, Cheng, Ming-Yang, Huang, Chung-Ju, Chang, Yu-Kai, Koester, Dirk, and Hung, Tsung-Min
- Subjects
- *
SENSORIMOTOR cortex , *GOLFERS , *ATTENTION , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *PSYCHOLOGICAL feedback , *PHYSIOLOGY , *HEALTH - Abstract
Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) activity has been related to automaticity during skilled action execution. However, few studies have bridged the causal link between SMR activity and sports performance. This study investigated the effect of SMR neurofeedback training (SMR NFT) on golf putting performance. We hypothesized that preelite golfers would exhibit enhanced putting performance after SMR NFT. Sixteen preelite golfers were recruited and randomly assigned into either an SMR or a control group. Participants were asked to perform putting while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded, both before and after intervention. Our results showed that the SMR group performed more accurately when putting and exhibited greater SMR power than the control group after 8 intervention sessions. This study concludes that SMR NFT is effective for increasing SMR during action preparation and for enhancing golf putting performance. Moreover, greater SMR activity might be an EEG signature of improved attention processing, which induces superior putting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. College experiences and career barriers among semi-professional student-athletes
- Author
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Tsung Min Hung, Chung Ju Huang, and Chien Chih Chou
- Subjects
Self-efficacy ,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Higher education ,biology ,business.industry ,Athletes ,05 social sciences ,Identity (social science) ,Context (language use) ,030229 sport sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,business ,Social psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Career counseling ,Graduation ,Career development - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the levels of athletic identity influenced the relationships among college experiences, career self-efficacy, and the career barriers faced by semi-professional student-athletes in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach Survey data of athletic identity, college experiences (involvement in social, academic, career orientation activities, etc.), career self-efficacy, and career barriers (inherent difficulties in career exploration in a dual student-professional role) were collected from 345 varsity student-athletes in Taiwan sport universities. The conditional process analysis was conducted to test whether the mediating role of career self-efficacy in the association between college experiences and career barriers was dependent on athletic identity levels. Findings The results indicated that enriching college experiences contributed to fewer barriers regarding career exploration post graduation through high levels of career self-efficacy. Particularly for assorted and social experiences, the indirect effect reduced as the levels of athletic identity increased. Practical implications These findings may be applied to athletes who pursue early specialization and students who engage heavily in a specific sport or other co-curricular activities while neglecting the importance of scholastic learning and career exploration. Career counseling practitioners and sport psychologists are advised to take account of athletic identity and contextual specificity while providing career interventions to student-athletes. Originality/value This study extends the understanding of the impacts of athletic identity on college student-athletes’ career explorations within a specific sport context.
- Published
- 2016
43. Effects of attentional training on visual attention to emotional stimuli in archers: A preliminary investigation
- Author
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Tsung Min Hung, Chung Ju Huang, and Lan Ya Chuang
- Subjects
Male ,Visual perception ,Adolescent ,Emotions ,education ,Electroencephalography ,Attentional bias ,Brain mapping ,Young Adult ,Bias ,Physiology (medical) ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Analysis of Variance ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Teaching ,General Neuroscience ,Training (meteorology) ,Information processing ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Visual Perception ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Anxiety ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Sports ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Attentional training has been used to modify attentional bias patterns in anxious individuals. This study examined the effect of attentional training on anxious archers' information processing using electrophysiological indices. Eighteen experienced archers with relatively high levels of competitive anxiety were assigned to either a training group or a control group. The training group received a 6-week attentional training protocol that was designed to switch attention away from threats, whereas the control group participated in a placebo training. The results revealed a smaller P1 difference wave for the training group in the posttest compared with pretest, whereas no change in N1 amplitude was found after training. The P1 difference wave finding suggests that more similar visual attentional resources were invested in probes replacing positive cues compared with probes replacing threatening cues after attentional bias training. In particular, archers who accepted training deployed similar attention resources to threatening and positive stimuli but those who accepted sham training avoided attention from threatening stimuli.
- Published
- 2015
44. Elite golfers are characterized by psychomotor refinement in cognitive-motor processes
- Author
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Kuo Pin Wang, Chung Ju Huang, Thomas Schack, Tsung Min Hung, Ming-Yang Cheng, and Tai Ting Chen
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050105 experimental psychology ,Skill level ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,EEG ,Meshed control theory ,Precision sports ,Applied Psychology ,Motor skill ,Psychomotor learning ,biology ,Athletes ,efficiency hypothesis ,Psychomotor ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,030229 sport sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Sport psychology ,Motor processes ,Elite ,Psychology ,Amateur ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The present study extends the sport neuroscience literature by comparing elite and amateur golfers during golf putting and examining the essential cognitive-motor processes that may contribute to understanding the superior cognitive-motor performance of skilled performers. Twenty elite and 18 amateur golfers were recruited to perform 60 putts while individual EEGs were recorded. Compared with the amateur golfers, the elite golfers were characterized by (1) lower alpha 2 power at Pz and T8 2 s before putt release; (2) lower alpha 2 power at Fz and T8 and lower mu 2 power 1 s before putting; and (3) lower alpha 2 coherence at Fz–T7 and Fz–T8. This suggests that the elite golfers had higher levels of attention to response motor programming and visuospatial attention and less cognitive-motor interference before putting. These findings not only point to the importance of refining brain processes but also specify essential cognitive-motor processes for superior performance in athletes.
- Published
- 2020
45. Exercise type relates to inhibitory and error processing functions in older adults
- Author
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Sin Chi Liu, Dan Li, Tsung Min Hung, Kung Hung Chang, and Chung Ju Huang
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical activity ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,050105 experimental psychology ,Exercise Type ,03 medical and health sciences ,Executive Function ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Association (psychology) ,Evoked Potentials ,Exercise ,Aged ,Error processing ,05 social sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Stroop Test ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
This study investigated the association between exercise type and inhibition of prepotent responses and error detection. Totally, 75 adults (M = 68.88 years) were classified into one of three exerc...
- Published
- 2018
46. Acute Exercise Facilitates the N450 Inhibition Marker and P3 Attention Marker during Stroop Test in Young and Older Adults
- Author
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Chung Ju Huang, Tsung Min Hung, Shu Shih Hsieh, Yu Kai Chang, and Chien-Ting Wu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Medicine ,Audiology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Young adult ,Association (psychology) ,Young male ,Stroop test ,cognitive inhibition ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:R ,Attentional control ,Cognition ,P3 ,General Medicine ,psychiatry ,Cognitive inhibition ,aerobic exercise ,sports ,business ,N450 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stroop effect - Abstract
While considerable evidence supporting the positive influence of acute exercise on cognitive inhibition, little is known regarding the underlying cognitive processes. There is also little neuroelectric evidence regarding the effects on older adults of acute exercise-elicited cognitive benefits. Thus, our objective was to explore the possible neural markers underlying improved cognitive inhibition, with particular attention to the N450 and P3 components, following acute exercise. Another aim was to investigate whether cognitive gains seen in young adults are replicated in older adults. Twenty-four young males and 20 older males underwent either a single bout of aerobic exercise or video-watching in counterbalanced order. Afterwards, cognitive inhibition was assessed by the Stroop test. Results revealed that acute exercise resulted in shorter response time regardless of age or congruency. Regarding the neuroeletric data, acute exercise resulted in larger P3 amplitude and smaller N450 amplitude regardless of congruency or age. Further, following exercise, changes in response time interference were correlated with changes in incongruent N450 amplitude. Collectively, acute exercise-facilitated conflict monitoring and attention control, as signified by the N450 and P3 components, may be the underlying processes leading to better Stroop performance, with conflict monitoring having a stronger association with task performance. Further, cognitive gains resulting from acute exercise were found to the same extent in both young and older adults.
- Published
- 2018
47. Impact of emotional and motivational regulation on putting performance: a frontal alpha asymmetry study
- Author
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Tai Ting Chen, Kuo Pin Wang, Tsung Min Hung, Yi Ting Chang, Chung Ju Huang, and Ming-Yang Cheng
- Subjects
Alpha asymmetry ,lcsh:Medicine ,Anxiety ,050105 experimental psychology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Statistical analysis ,Attention ,EEG ,Short duration ,biology ,Athletes ,General Neuroscience ,lcsh:R ,05 social sciences ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Brainwave ,biology.organism_classification ,Kinesiology ,psychomotor ,Self-regulation ,Golf ,medicine.symptom ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background The efficacy of emotional and motivational regulation can determine athletic performance. Giving the short duration and fast changing nature of emotions experienced by athletes in competition, it is important to examine the temporal dynamics of emotional and motivational regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional and motivational regulation as measured by frontal alpha asymmetry in skilled golfers during putting performance after a performance failure. Methods Twenty skilled university golfers were recruited and requested to perform 40 putts at an individualized difficulty level of 40–60% successful putting rate. Trials immediately after a failed putt were selected for analysis. Successful performances were those trials where a hole was and unsuccessful performances were those that failed. The frontal alpha asymmetry index of LnF4-LnF3 was derived for statistical analysis. Results (1) Successful performance was preceded by a larger frontal alpha asymmetry index at T2 than that of T1, and (2) a larger frontal alpha asymmetry index was observed for unsuccessful performance than for successful performance at T1. Discussion The results suggest that successful emotional and motivational regulation was characterized by a progressive increase of frontal alpha asymmetry, which led to subsequent putting success when facing an emotionally provocative putting failure. These findings shed light on the application of frontal alpha asymmetry for the understanding and enhancement of emotional and motivational regulation during sport performance.
- Published
- 2018
48. Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Author
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Chia-Hao Shih, Chung Ju Huang, Chiao Ling Hung, Ching Wen Huang, and Tsung Min Hung
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Resting state fMRI ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Physiology ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Physical fitness ,Population ,Alpha (ethology) ,Audiology ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,Developmental psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Cognitive skill ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,business ,education ,Psychology - Abstract
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.
- Published
- 2015
49. Effects of Childhood Gymnastics Program on Spatial Working Memory
- Author
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Chung Ju Huang, Shu Shih Hsieh, Tsung Min Hung, Yu Kai Chang, and Chih Chien Lin
- Subjects
Male ,Gymnastics ,MEDLINE ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Physical exercise ,Electroencephalography ,Spatial memory ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Child ,Motor skill ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,030229 sport sciences ,Spatial cognition ,Evoked Potentials, Motor ,Memory, Short-Term ,Motor Skills ,Physical Fitness ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition in children, and recent studies have specifically investigated the cognitive benefits of exercises involving cognitive-motor interactions, such as gymnastics. This study examined the effect of 8 wk of gymnastics training on behavioral and neurophysiological measures of spatial working memory in children.Forty-four children age 7 to 10 yr were recruited. The experimental group (n = 24; age, 8.7 ± 1.1 yr) was recruited from Yilan County in Taiwan, while the control group (n = 20; age, 8.6 ± 1.1 yr) resided in Taipei City. The experimental group undertook 8 wk of after-school gymnastics training (2 sessions per week, 90 min per session), whereas the control group received no intervention and were instructed to maintain their routine daily activities. Working memory was assessed by performance on a modified delayed match-to-sample test and by event-related potential including the P3 component. Data were collected before and after treatment for the experimental group and at the same time interval for the control group.Response accuracy improved after the experimental intervention regardless of working memory demands. Likewise, the P3 amplitude was larger at the parietal site after gymnastics training regardless of the task difficulty.Our results suggest that a short period of gymnastics training had a general facilitative effect on spatial working memory at both behavioral and neurophysiological levels in children. These finding highlight the potential importance of exercise programs involving cognitive-motor interactions in stimulating development of spatial cognition during childhood.
- Published
- 2017
50. Effects of an 8-week yoga program on sustained attention and discrimination function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Author
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Chung Ju Huang and Chien-Chih Chou
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive benefits ,Exercise group ,lcsh:Medicine ,Physical exercise ,Psychiatry and Psychology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Executive function ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Discrimination function ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Clinical Trials ,Psychiatry ,Cognitive Disorders ,Exercise intervention ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:R ,Mean age ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Test (assessment) ,Physical therapy ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
This study investigated whether a yoga exercise intervention influenced the sustained attention and discrimination function in children with ADHD. Forty-nine participants (mean age = 10.50 years) were assigned to either a yoga exercise or a control group. Participants were given the Visual Pursuit Test and Determination Test prior to and after an eight-week exercise intervention (twice per week, 40 min per session) or a control intervention. Significant improvements in accuracy rate and reaction time of the two tests were observed over time in the exercise group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that alternative therapies such as yoga exercises can be complementary to behavioral interventions for children with attention and inhibition problems. Schools and parents of children with ADHD should consider alternatives for maximizing the opportunities that children with ADHD can engage in structured yoga exercises.
- Published
- 2017
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