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An efficient and transition metal-free synthesis of 3-sulfenyl/selenyl-1H-indoles via a base-assisted chalcogenoaminative annulation of 2-alkynyl aniline with disulfides/diselenides is described.

Objectives Immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with adverse cardiovascular events. However, there are no data characterizing cardiovascular events among Asians on immune checkpoint inhibitors. We aim to determine the incidence and risk of cardiac events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in an Asian population. Methods We performed a retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study at two tertiary referral centers in Taiwan. Immune checkpoint inhibitor users were matched with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users based on predetermined clinical variables. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute peripheral occlusive disease, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, heart failure, pericardial disease, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias and conduction block. Results Between January 2010 and November 2021, 868 immune checkpoint inhibitor users were matched 1:1 with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users. Among immune checkpoint inhibitor users, 67 (7.7%) patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events. During a median follow-up period of 188 days, the incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events for immune checkpoint inhibitor and non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users was 94.8 and 46.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively, resulting in an incidence rate ratio of 2.1 [95% confidence interval: 1.5–2.9]. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, immune checkpoint inhibitor users had a 60% increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events [hazard ratio, 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.3)]. Immune checkpoint inhibitors use was independently associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke [hazard ratio, 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.0–9.0)] and pulmonary embolism [hazard ratio, 5.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–21.3)]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age > 65, metastatic disease, hypertension and baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio Conclusions Among Asians, immune checkpoint inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, particularly ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism.

ObjectivesSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce heart failure (HF) in at-risk patients and may possess antitumour effects. We examined the effect of SGLT2i on HF and mortality among patients with cancer and diabetes.MethodsThis was a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study involving adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed with cancer between January 2010 and December 2021. The primary outcomes were hospitalisation for incident HF and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were serious adverse events associated with SGLT2i.ResultsFrom a total of 8640 patients, 878 SGLT2i recipients were matched to non-recipients. During a median follow-up of 18.8 months, SGLT2i recipients had a threefold lower rate of hospitalisation for incident HF compared with non-SGLT2i recipients (2.92 vs 8.95 per 1000 patient-years, p=0.018). In Cox regression and competing regression models, SGLT2i were associated with a 72% reduction in the risk of hospitalisation for HF (HR 0.28 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.77), p=0.013; subdistribution HR 0.32 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.84), p=0.021). The use of SGLT2i was also associated with a higher overall survival (85.3% vs 63.0% at 2 years, pConclusionsThe use of SGLT2i was associated with a lower rate of incident HF and prolonged overall survival in patients with cancer with diabetes mellitus.

Cationic amphiphilic antihistamines have been shown to improve patient outcomes in immunogenic tumours, but whether they can augment and improve response to immunotherapy is unknown. We aim to evaluate the effect of cationic amphiphilic antihistamines in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).We conducted a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study at two tertiary referral centres in Taiwan between January 2015 and December 2021. Patients who received desloratadine, cyproheptadine, and ebastine were classified as cationic amphiphilic antihistamine users. The primary outcome was overall survival, and the secondary outcomes were progression-free survival and clinical benefit rate. Patients treated with cationic amphiphilic antihistamines were matched to patients who received non-cationic amphiphilic antihistamines based on variables including age, cancer type, stage, and history of allergic diseases.A total of 734 ICI-treated patients were included. After matching, 68 cationic amphiphilic antihistamine and non-cationic amphiphilic antihistamine users remained for analysis. Compared with non-cationic amphiphilic antihistamine users, patients who received cationic amphiphilic antihistamines had a significantly longer median overall survival (24.8 versus 10.4 months; Log-rank, p = 0.018) and progression-free survival (10.6 versus 4.93 months; Log-rank, p = 0.004). The use of cationic amphiphilic antihistamines was associated with an approximately 50% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.55 [95% CI: 0.34-0.91]). Survival benefits were not seen in patients who received cationic amphiphilic antihistamines before immune checkpoint blockade. These survival benefits were observed regardless of the generation of cationic amphiphilic antihistamines.The use of cationic amphiphilic antihistamines was associated with improved survival among patients treated with immunotherapy.

With the scaling of process technologies into the nanometer regime, multiple-bit soft error problem becomes more serious. In order to improve the reliability and yield of SRAM, bit-interleaving architecture which integrated with error correction codes (ECC) is commonly used. However, this leads to the half select problem, which involves two aspects: the half select disturb and the additional power caused by half-selected cells. In this paper, we propose a new 10T cell to allow the bit-interleaving array while completely eliminating the half select problem, thus allowing low-power and low-voltage operation. In addition, the RSNM and WM of our proposed 10T cell are improved by 21% and nearly one times, respectively, as compared to the conventional 6T SRAM cell in SMIC 65nm CMOS technology. We also conduct a comparison with the conventional 6T cell about the leakage simulation results, which show 14% of leakage saving in the proposed 10T cell.

In this paper, we introduced an effective time delay model for SRAM compiler, which represents an important performance of SRAM. Our method divide the delay time into several periods, including decoder delay, word line delay, bit line delay and SA delay. The theory is useful in predicting the delay time when the SRAM size is changed. Simulations by Hsim in 65nm CMOS process proves a high accuracy.

A new 10T SRAM cell is proposed in this paper for simultaneously addressing the half select problem and improving the read/write stability. Without the half select condition, the proposed 10T cell allows efficient bit-interleaving to provide soft error rate protection and the dynamic power is also decreased significantly due to the reduction in the number of bitlines discharged and charged during the read and write operation. In the new 10T SRAM cell, one side of the cross-coupled inverters cuts off the pull up path or pull down path through adding two gated transistors according to the write ‘0’ or ‘1’ operation. It brings a great improvement for write stability without considering the half select disturb during the write operation. The simulation results indicate that the RSNM and WM of the proposed SRAM cell are enhanced by 130% and 58%, respectively, as compared to the conventional 6T SRAM cell in SMIC 65nm CMOS technology.

An efficient SRAM power modeling method based on two formula techniques is proposed, which contains a mathematical method called two-dimensional bilinear interpolation function and a segment analysis on the basis of MUX. This scheme allows us to reach the accurate modeling of SRAM power consumption without complicated calculation and specific circuit analysis. Hsim simulation in 65 nm CMOS process shows our proposed method error is closed to 5%.

In this paper, ring oscillator phase noise caused by power supply noise (PSN) with deterministic frequency is analyzed. Results show that phase noise caused by deterministic noise is only an impulse series. Compared with the jitter caused by PSN, the phase noise caused by PSN with deterministic frequency contributes considerably less to total phase noise performance. To verify the analysis method, a CMOS ring oscillator is designed and fabricated using SMIC 0.13 µm CMOS process. Comparisons between the analytical results and measurements prove the accuracy of the proposed method

A novel method for preparing conductive water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion and nanodeposit was introduced. The conductivity of the W/O microemulsion is increased by increasing the H+ concentration of the water phase. When the H+ concentration of the water phase reaches 10 mol L−1, the conductivity of the W/O microemulsion goes up to 1 mS cm−1. Thus modified W/O microemulsion has conductivity similar to a diluted electrolyte aqueous solution, which makes it possible for the W/O microemulsion to be used as an electrolyte for electrodeposition. By direct electrodeposition in the W/O microemulsion, nickel nano-particles were modified onto the nickel substrate. The cathodic process of Ni2+ in the W/O microemulsion was studied by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the electrode process at the electrode/microemulsion interface is quite different from that at the electrode/aqueous solution interface. Scanning electron microscopy measurement shows that the deposited nickel particles have spherical morphology with diameter about 40 nm. The electrochemical reactivity of the nickel nano-particles modified electrode was measured in acid system. It is found that the electrochemical reactivity of the nickel nano-particles modified electrode is different obviously from that of the normal watts-nickel modified electrode. Keywords: Microemulsion, Conductivity, H+ concentration, Electrodeposition, Nanodeposit