Search

Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acids that can improve human health. Rapeseed is the second largest oil crop in the world but the ALA content in its seed fatty acids is only about 10%. Two rapeseed germplasms YH25005 and R8Q10 with high content (up to 21%) ALA were developed by intervarietal crossing. They were used as the maternal parent (P1) when crossed with a low ALA parent SW (P2) to produce the seeds of the F1 hybrid, F2, and backcrosses to P1 (BCP1) and P2 (BCP2). A multigeneration joint segregation analysis was conducted to determine major gene ​+ ​polygene effects of the content of three major unsaturated fatty acids including oleic (OA), linoleic (LA) and ALA. The results showed that, although some genes favorable to ALA accumulation were not allelic in R8Q10 and YH25005, all the inheritances of OA, LA and ALA in YH25005 ​× ​SW and R8Q10 ​× ​SW followed a genetic model of ‘two pairs of additive major genes ​+ ​additive-dominant polygenes’. It is suggested that the contents of OA, LA and ALA are closely related and the major genes in the parent SW containing loss-of-function mutations in FAD2 and FAD3 loci had strong effect to reduce ALA and elevate OA. However, total genetic effect of the polygenes was greater than that of the two major genes, especial on ALA content. It indicated that it is necessary to employ a larger F2 population to find the plant that accumulate enough minor-effect polygenes for high ALA content. The results are useful for high ALA rapeseed breeding and future work of gene mapping.

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum, is an epidemic of oil rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) growing worldwide, but PM resistant germplasm is rare in this species. We screened 102 accessions of B. napus and other cruciferous species and found an Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) cultivar 'White flower' immune to PM in both the field and greenhouse. Outcrossing in the female parent 'White flower' was promoted by using a chemical gametocide tribenuron-methyl, to obtain hybrid seeds of distant hybridization with an elite B. napus cultivar 'Zhongshuang11'. Three true F1 hybrids with B. carinata cytoplasm were obtained without using embryo rescue, which showed complete male sterility and light yellow petals. The hybrid plants and the progenies derived from backcrossing were validated using morphological traits, seed quality, and molecular markers. Five lines in the BC1F3 generation, named 'W7-1', 'W7-4', 'W7-6', 'W8-1', and 'W8-3', and one BC2F2 line 'W3PS-1', whose young leaf was yellow green, were identified to be resistant or moderately resistant to PM. The seed quality and some morphological traits of these lines resembled the parent 'Zhongshuang11', indicating that the resistance gene(s) has been preliminarily introduced into B. napus.

The continuous cropping obstacle of Panax notoginseng is serious, and effective control measures are lacking. Soil disinfection with chloropicrin(CP) has been proven to be effective in reducing the obstacles to continuous cropping of other crops. In order to ascertain the effect of CP in the continuous cropping of P. notoginseng, this paper explored the influences of CP at different treatment concentrations(0,30,40,50 kg/Mu, 1 Mu≈667 m~2) on soil macro-element nutrients, soil enzyme activity, growth and development of P. notoginseng, and the accumulation of medicinal components. The results showed that CP fumigation significantly increased the content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil, but it had no significant effect on potassium content. The soil protease activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the prolonging of the treatment time. Both the soil urease and acid phosphatase activities showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the prolonging of the treatment time. The higher the CP treatment concentration was, the lower the urease and acid phosphatase activities would be in the soil. The protease activity was relatively high after CP40 treatment, which was better than CP30 and CP50 treatments in promoting the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium accumulation in P. notoginseng. The seedling survival rates after CP0, CP30, CP40, and CP50 tratments in October were 0, 65.56%, 89.44%, and 83.33%, respectively. Compared with the CP30 and CP50 treatments, CP40 treatment significantly facilitated the growth and development of P. notoginseng, the increase in fresh and dry weights, and the accumulation of root saponins. In summary, CP40 treatment accelerates the increase in soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and their accumulation in P. notoginseng, elevates the seedling survival rate of P. notoginseng, enhances the growth and development of P. notoginseng, and promotes the accumulation of medicinal components. CP40 treatment is therefore recommended in production.

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum, is an epidemic of oil rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) growing worldwide, but PM resistant germplasm is rare in this species. We screened 102 accessions of B. napus and other cruciferous species and found an Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) cultivar ‘White flower’ immune to PM in both the field and greenhouse. Outcrossing in the female parent ‘White flower’ was promoted by using a chemical gametocide tribenuron-methyl, to obtain hybrid seeds of distant hybridization with an elite B. napus cultivar ‘Zhongshuang11’. Three true F1 hybrids with B. carinata cytoplasm were obtained without using embryo rescue, which showed complete male sterility and light yellow petals. The hybrid plants and the progenies derived from backcrossing were validated using morphological traits, seed quality, and molecular markers. Five lines in the BC1F3 generation, named ‘W7-1’, ‘W7-4’, ‘W7-6’, ‘W8-1’, and ‘W8-3’, and one BC2F2 line ‘W3PS-1’, whose young leaf was yellow green, were identified to be resistant or moderately resistant to PM. The seed quality and some morphological traits of these lines resembled the parent ‘Zhongshuang11’, indicating that the resistance gene(s) has been preliminarily introduced into B. napus.

Scuteformoids A-J, ten previously undescribed neo- clerodane diterpenoids along with one known analogue, were isolated from petroleum ether soluable fraction of the whole plants of Scutellaria formosana . The differences among these compounds are the substituents and stereochemistry at C-13. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and the absolute configurations of Scuteformoids A, C, E, F, and I were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Scuteformoids A, C, D, F, H, and I were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against HIV lytic replication and cytotoxic activities. All of them showed weak anti-HIV activities, with EC 50 values ranging from 48.24 to 79.17 μg/mL.

(1) Background: Flavonoids are the primary medicinal ingredient of Saussurea involucrate, which have significant antioxidant capacity. Optimizing the extraction of Saussurea involucrate flavonoids (SIFs) and exploring the ability to block melanin deposition caused by reactive oxygen can greatly promote the development of S. involucrate whitening products. (2) Methods: Ultrasonic extraction process was optimized using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Then, the effect of SIFs on antioxidant activity and anti-deposition of melanin, and genes related to the melanin synthesis are studied. (3) Results: The optimal extraction procedures are as follows: the extraction time, ethanol content, and solvent ratio (v/w) are 64 min, 54%, and 54:1, respectively. The reducing activity and scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and ABTS+ were promoted as more S. involucrate flavonoid extract was added. The SIFs extract induced a decrease in the melanin synthesis by inhibiting the human melanoma A375 cell tyrosinase activity. SIFs also depress expression of melanin synthesis related genes. (4) Conclusions: the highest SIFs content was obtained by using 54% ethanol and 54:1 solvent ratio (v/w) for 64 min. The extract of SIFs exhibited good ability of antioxidant and anti-deposition of melanin in human melanocytes.

A new triterpenoid glucoside, leuctriterpencoside (1), along with two known compounds (2–3) were isolated from Leucas zeylanica. The structure of the new compound was elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 value of 0.85 ± 0.12 μM).

A new isoflavone, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-hydroxymethylisoflavone (1), together with three known isoflavones, 3′-formyl-5,4′-dihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (2), ficuisoflavone (3) and alpinumisoflavone (4), were isolated from the roots of Ficus auriculata. Among them, 1 is a rare isoflavone containing 16 carbon atoms on the carbon skeleton. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with data reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against five terrestrial pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Compounds 1–4 showed significant antibacterial activities against various terrestrial pathogenic bacteria with MIC values ranging from 1.30 to 39.93 μM.

2-(Pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) is a naturally occurring thiophene isolated from the roots of Echinops grijsii, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. There are many reports on the clinical use of Echinops grijsii alone or in combination with other herbs to treat malignant tumors. We previously reported that the expression and activity of phase II enzymes including GSTs and NQO1 could be induced through the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by the treatment of PYDDT. In this study, we reported the anticancer effect and mechanism of PYDDT against human colon cancer SW620 cells. Our results demonstrate that treatment of SW620 cells with PYDDT leads to induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, which is characterized by the cleavage of PARP, activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and mitochondrial translocation of Bax. The PYDDT treatment caused the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activation of JNK but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and ERK1/2. Specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the PYDDT-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, activation of caspase 3, and apoptosis of SW620 cells. Moreover, PYDDT-induced apoptosis as well as activation of JNK was abrogated by the pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these findings suggest that PYDDT induces apoptosis in SW620 cells through a ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

Analyzed the dynamic interaction characteristics of Chongqing Economic growth and energy consumption between 1980-2011 based on vector auto regression model, impulse response function. The results showed that: 1 Between the Chongqing's economic growth and energy consumption exist the positive long-term stable equilibrium relationship, Chongqing's economic development depending on energy consumption is too high, to keep the economy in Chongqing's rapid economic development, energy relatively insufficient supply sustainable development must rely on the energy market, which will restrict the development of Chongqing's economy. 2At this stage, Chongqing continuing emphasis on optimizing the industrial structure to improve energy efficiency at the same time, the key is to establish and improve the energy consumption intensity and total energy demand "dual control" under the security system, weakening the energy bottleneck effect on economic growth.

We deploy a time-dependent Born–Oppenheimer approximation approach for numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) by reducing the wavefunction dimensionality to nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom, and apply it to a one-dimensional model of H 2 + . Based upon our three distinct error evaluation schemes, we quantitatively compare the wavefunctions and HHG spectra which are computed by the present approximation method, with those obtained by fully solving the TDSE. The similarities of both the wavefunctions and the HHG spectra justify that our approach is feasibly precise for medium laser intensity. It is also anticipated that this approximation can be adopted for other polyatomic molecules with a dimensionality reduction and computational simplification in calculating the time-dependent wavefunctions.

Analysed various influence factors of unit GDP energy consumption, discussed the mathematical decomposition and calculation method and did empirical analysis of the influence and role on unit GDP energy consumption changes since “The Fifth Five-Year Plan”.The main conclusions are:(1) the drop of the energy efficiency is caused both by technical factors and structural factors , in which structural factors being the fundamental reason during the Eleventh Five-Year period. (2) technological energy saving is the main direct driving force of the dramatic decrease in energy intensity of China , and the alternation of structural energy saving from negative to positive is the crucial factor determining the dramatic decrease of the energy intensity of China ,and energy-saving in livelihood is a stable impetus for improving China energy efficiency improvement in the Eleventh Five-Year period .The research provided the methodological foundation for exploring the specific ways to achieve the energy efficiency goal of “The Twelfth Five-Year Plan” and also to provide a reference for the policy making of “The Twelfth Five-Year Plan” energy efficiency.

Renewable energy planning will consider and weigh the technical, economic, social, environmental and other factors comprehensively, these factors tend to use many types of standard to measure, and these metrics often conflict with each other, which bring many difficult to renewable energy planning. Based on renewable energy planning program selection feature, a multi-criteria renewable energy planning decision-making model based on VIKOR was built to resolve the multi-criteria conflict problems, so that to achieve the optimal choice of the renewable energy planning. And the model was applied for the renewable energy planning decision making in one of the province in China.

In order to solve complexity of the comprehensive decision-making process about the renewable energy plan and according to the multi-criteria of renewable energy development, this paper establishes the co-benefits comprehensive evaluation index system which considers and weighs the technical, economic, social, environmental and other factors comprehensively. With SE-DEA method, this evaluation result can achieve the optimal choice of the renewable energy planning, makes objective analysis of the renewable energy planning decision-making of Hainan province, and provides a clear and specific guidance function for its further renewable energy development strategic direction.

The Dirichlet problem for a quasilinear sub-critical inhomogeneous elliptic equation with critical potential and singular coefficients, which has indefinite weights in R N , is studied in this paper. We discuss the corresponding eigenvalue problems by the variational techniques and Picone’s identity, and obtain the existence of non-trivial solutions for the inhomogeneous Dirichlet problem by using Hardy inequality, Mountain Pass Lemma in conjunction with the property of eigenvalues.

A new flavonol, 4'-hydroxy-8,3'- dimethoxy-6-acroleinylflavan-3,4-diol (1) has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of stem-bark of Premna fulva Craib, together with six known compounds, vanillic acid(2), syringaresinol(3), naringenin(4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), apigenin (6) and vitexin (7). The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and intensive spectroscopic analysis including HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR. Compounds 1,3,5,6 and 7 were firstly isolated from this plant. To our regret that compound 1 exhibited no activities towards human cancer cell lines HL-60, BGC-823 and Bel-7402 on the bioassay experiments.

Two eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones, wedetrilides B (1) and C (2), along with five known analogues (3 - 8), an ent-kaurane diterpenoid (9), a steroid (10), as well as cinnamic acid derivatives (11 - 13), were isolated from the flowers of Wedelia trilobata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds. Furthermore, the structures of 1 and 3 - 5 were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited weak cytotoxic activities against the MCF-7, HeLa, and A549 cell lines. Compounds 3 - 5 were also evaluated for their inhibitory effects against HIV lytic replication.

Using Mountain Pass Lemma, we obtain the existence of nontrivial weak solutions for a class of superlinear and nonhomogeneous quasilinear equations. The key factor in this paper is to use the new idea of near p-homogeneity in conjunction with variational techniques to obtain a new multiplicity result for a vast set of nonlinear equations, such as the mean curvature equation and so on.

This study constructed a real option valuation model that the risk could be adjustable based on the characteristics of renewable energy projects and the idea of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and used this model to valuate the renewable energy projects considering selling green electricity certificate revenue. And then, it verified the effectiveness and rationality of this model through the investment projects of the wind power.

2-(Pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) is a naturally occurring thiophene isolated from the roots of Echinops grijsii, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. There are many reports on the clinical use of Echinops grijsii alone or in combination with other herbs to treat malignant tumors. We previously reported that the expression and activity of phase II enzymes including GSTs and NQO1 could be induced through the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by the treatment of PYDDT. In this study, we reported the anticancer effect and mechanism of PYDDT against human colon cancer SW620 cells. Our results demonstrate that treatment of SW620 cells with PYDDT leads to induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, which is characterized by the cleavage of PARP, activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and mitochondrial translocation of Bax. The PYDDT treatment caused the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activation of JNK but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and ERK1/2. Specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the PYDDT-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, activation of caspase 3, and apoptosis of SW620 cells. Moreover, PYDDT-induced apoptosis as well as activation of JNK was abrogated by the pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these findings suggest that PYDDT induces apoptosis in SW620 cells through a ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

The present paper studied fluorescence fingerprint properties of the municipal wastewater with industrial wastewater as major components. There existed three typical fluorescence peaks in the excitation-emission matrix of the municipal wastewater, locating at about lambda(ex)/lambda(em) of 275/310, 230/340 and 220/310 nm respectively. The wastewater didn't display typical protein-like fluorescence as the municipal wastewater with domestic sewage as major component. The fluorescence intensity of the wastewater was quite high with remarkable difference between workday and weekend. These might relate to the high content of industrial wastewater. The advantages of the fluorescence fingerprint such as easy and fast measurement and rich information about the components of wastewater make it a novel tool in water quality monitoring and early-warning.

The authors present a one-dimensional calculation model of H3(+), and the time-dependent wavefunction was obtained by the symmetric split-operator method. The authors investigated the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) properties of H3(+) model exposed to 800 nm-wavelength ultrashort laser pulse. The effect of electron interaction on the HHG spectra is less profound than at the cut-off frequency. We also calculated the HHG spectra for different internuclear separation values close to realistic one. Most of the calculated cutoff frequencies are beyond the three-step model's prediction, and a preliminary scenario is suggested.

Objective: Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) was a synthetic analogue of the antimicrobial anthocyanin red pigment dracorhodin. It was reported that DP could induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer, human gastric tumor cells and human melanoma, but the cytotoxic effect of DP on human breast cancer was not investigated. This study would investigate whether DP was a candidate chemical of anti-human breast cancer. Methods: The MTT assay reflected the number of viable cells through measuring the activity of cellular enzymes. Phase contrast microscopy visualized cell morphology. Fluorescence microscopy detected nuclear fragmentation after Hoechst 33258 staining. Flowcytometric analysis of Annexin V-PI staining and Rodamine 123 staining was used to detect cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Real time PCR detected mRNA level. Western blot examined protein expression. Results: DP dose and time-dependently inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells. DP inhibited MCF-7 cell growth through apoptosis. DP regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, which were mitochondrial pathway proteins, to decrease MMP, and DP promoted the transcription of Bax and inhibited Bcl-2. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c which localized in mitochondrial in physiological condition were released into cytoplasm when MMP was decreased. DP activated caspase-9, which was the downstream of mitochondrial pathway. Therefore DP decreased MMP to release AIF and cytochrome c into cytoplasm, further activating caspase 9, lastly led to apoptosis. Conclusion: Therefore DP was a candidate for anti-breast cancer, DP induced apoptosis of MCF-7 through mitochondrial pathway.

Fluorescence organic matters contain the information about total amount and components of organic substances and could be treated as a novel water quality parameter to make up the ambiguity of COD and BOD about the pollutant composition. Refinery wastewater is a type of nonbiodegradable industrial wastewater containing a large number of toxic pollutants. The investigation on the excitation-emission matrixes of the wastewater from a large-scale refinery plant indicated that the matrix was unique for each sample; the fluorescence was intensive and was derived from the overlaps of fluorescence related to peaks at around lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 270/300 nm, 220/300 nm and 230/350 nm. The intensity of 270/300 nm was the highest and that of 220/300 nm was the secondly highest. The location and intensities of peaks varied within small ranges. The fluorescence of the refinery wastewater contains information about products and raw materials. Phenol significantly contributed to the fluorescence intensity of 270/300 nm and 220/300 nm, and other compounds with one benzene ring such as dichlorobenzene and benzene contributed to the two peaks too. The fluorescence of 230/350 nm would be closely related to alkane and benzene. The location and intensity of peaks would be used to diagnose if the performance of the manufacturing processes and influent of treatment plant is proper.

Petrochemical wastewater is one of major types of industrial wastewater in China. It is of huge quantity and causes serious pollution. Wastewater contains lots of fluorescence matters. Its fluorescence spectrum could exhibit organic components and unique for each sample like fingerprint. Thus it is referred to as fluorescence fingerprint of water quality, in brief aqueous fingerprint. This paper presented that there were almost 10 peaks in the aqueous fingerprint of petrochemical wastewater from a large-scale petrochemical plant, including the peak at the excitation/emission wavelengths (lambda(ex)/lambda(em)) of around 230/340 nm. That peak exists in the fluorescence spectra of various petroleum materials. The aqueous fingerprint was divided into 3 zones according to the relationship of fluorescence intensity of peaks: the linear relation between the peaks from different zones was not significant while that between the peaks from same zone was significant with coefficients of above 0.85. The zone around lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 230/305 nm might relate to benzene compounds and the zone around lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 220-320/230-440 nm (excluding the zone around lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 230/305 nm) showed close relation with the raw materials (petroleum materials). The intensity of each peak had a fixed range. That range and relationships between peaks could be the evidences for diagnosing if the performance of the production processes is proper.