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Objective To analyze the rule of acupoint combination of insomnia treated with modern acupuncture-moxibustion with complex network technology and further reveal the internal characteristics of acupoint combination. Methods Using computer retrieval, the relevant clinical trials of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of insomnia were searched from China National knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP) and Pubmed Database in recent 5 years. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then the database was set up and the acupoint prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion were extracted. Using Excel 2016 software, the data were processed and the frequency analysis was conducted. With SPSS Modeler 18.0, the association rules were analyzed. Using Gephi 0.9.2, the community analysis and complex network analysis were conducted. Results Finally, 766 articles were eligible and 1276 acupoint prescriptions were extracted with 186 acupoints involved. The acupoints with the highest frequency of use were Shenmen (神门HT7), Baihui (百会GV20) and Sānyīnjiāo (三阴交SP6). The meridians with the highest frequency were bladder meridian and the governor vessel. The acupoints located on the head and foot were mostly selected. The specific points involved were the crossing points, five-shu points and yuan-source points. The main core paired points referred to HT7 and SP6, HT7 and GV20 as well as HT7 and Neiguān (内关PC6). The meridians with the highest confidence level appeared among heart meridian of hand-shaoyin, spleen meridian of foot-taiyin and kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin. The modular analysis of complex network obtained 4 core communities and topology analysis obtained 35 core points. The main prescription was composed of HT7, GV20, SP6, Sishencōng (四神聪EX-HN1), PC6, Taixī (太溪KI3), Zusānlĭ (足三里ST36), Taichōng (太冲LR3), Ānmian (安眠EX-HN18), Yintang (印堂EX-HN3), Zhaohai (照海KI6), Shēnmai (申脉BL62) and Fēngchi (风池GB20). Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion therapy focuses on regulating the mind/spirit of the heart and brain, as well as of five zang organs. The general treatment principles are regaining consciousness and opening the orifice, replenishing yin and reducing yang, nourishing the heart and tranquilizing. The supplementary points are mostly the combination of distal and nearby points and the combination of the acupoints located in the upper and the lower parts of the body. The back-shu points and the front-mu points are generally used, while the crossing point as the specific point is especially applied. All of these summaries provide the reference and guidance for clinical application and scientific research.

Using the complex network technology, the characteristics of the core acupoint prescriptions and the application of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques were analyzed in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) so as to provide the evidences for acupoint selection and therapeutic methods for RA treated with acupuncture and moxibustion. The articles of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of RA in recent 20 years were collated and imported, and the database of the acupoint prescriptions was developed. Using Cytoscape 3.9.2 software, the acupoints in the prescriptions were visualized for the common occurrence network analysis. The association rule analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software and the complex network analysis was by Gephi 0.9.2 software. A total of 798 articles were screened, in which, 3 258 prescriptions were extracted with 253 acupoints involved. The analysis of acupoint selection was conducted in terms of syndrome/pattern differentiation, acupoint locations and main acupoints, and therapeutic methods. The results showed that the most common TCM syndromes of RA included painful利用复杂网络技术分析针灸治疗类风湿关节炎的核心腧穴处方以及刺灸法应用特点，为临床针灸治疗类风湿关节炎提供选穴、治法依据。对近20年针灸治疗类风湿关节炎的文献进行收集、整理、录入，建立针灸处方数据库，对处方中的腧穴运用Cytoscape3.9.0进行共现网络可视化、运用IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0进行关联规则分析、利用Gephi0.9.2软件进行复杂网络分析。共筛选出798篇文献，提取3 258条针灸处方，涉及253个腧穴，主要从辨证分型选穴、分部选穴、主穴处方及疗法进行分析。结果表明最常见的中医证型为痛痹、行痹、着痹及风湿热痹；辨证选穴核心腧穴组合为痛痹：关元、肾俞；着痹：阴陵泉、三阴交、足三里、脾俞、丰隆；行痹：风池、膈俞、风门、血海、外关；风湿热痹：大椎、曲池、合谷。分部选穴以上肢部、下肢部、脊柱部腧穴多见。曲池在主穴处方中使用频次最高，足三里-肾俞的共现强度最高；相关性最高的腧穴组合为足三里-曲池。针灸治疗类风湿关节炎选穴多遵循“主穴-局部配穴-辨证配穴”的原则，温针灸及针药联合为最常用的施治方法。.

To analyze the application characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion in clinical treatment of Meniere's disease by using complex network technology, so as to provide evidence for selecting acupoints, needling and moxibustion methods and treatment ideas.Articles both in English and Chinese published from the inception of databases of CNKI, Wanfang VIP, Chinese biomedical literature database (SinoMed), PubMed, Embase, EBSCO (Academic Search Pre-mier), Web of Science and Ovid to April of 2021 were retrieved by using key words "acupuncture" or "moxibustion" or "acupuncture and moxibustion" and "Meniere disease" or "Meniere's syndrome" or "Ménières vertigo" or "otogenic vertigo" or "auditory vertigo", followed by screening the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and establishing a database of clinical li-terature about acupuncture treatment of Meniere's Disease with software Epidata 3.1. Then, the descriptive analysis was conducted first, followed by association rule analysis using SPSS Modeler 18.0, and complex network analysis using Gephi 0.9.2 software.A total of 232 articles were included, containing 152 acupoints [97 body acupoints as Baihui (GV20), Fengchi (GB20), Neiguan (PC6), etc., 28 otopoints as Ershenmen (MA-TF1), Shen (MA-SC), etc., 20 scalp points as Yunting Area, 7 extra-points as Sishencong (EX-HN1), Taiyang (EX-HN5), etc.] which were used to be a total frequency of 1 569. Descriptive analysis showed that the main meridians were the Governor Vessel, Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming, Trienergizer Meridian of Hand Shaoyang, and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang. Acupuncture was the most commonly used therapy for Meniere's disease. The association analysis showed that the most relevant combination of acupoints was GV20 and GB20, GV20 and PC6, reflecting the principles of local acupoint selection and combination of local and distant acupoints. Finally, "K-core Analytic Hierarchy Process" and "Community Analysis" revealed that 3 core acupoint groups were most frequently used in clinical treatment of Meniere's disease, including 1) auricular acupoints, as MA-TF1, MA-SC, Neier(MA-L), Zhen(MA-AT) and Pizhixia(MA-AT1), 2) acupoints of the 14 meridians and extra-points, as Tinggong(SI19), Yifeng(TE17), GB20, 3) acupoints of the Shaoyang meri-dians of hand and foot, as Shuaigu (GB8), Tinghui (GB2), Zhongzhu (TE3), Ermen (TE21), etc.The principle of acupoint selection is mainly based on the combination of acupoints along the meridians and local areas, while paying attention to the coordination among the auricular points, scalp acupoints and extra-points, which may provide a reference for the clinical treatment and scientific research on acupuncture treatment of Meniere's disease.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of intensive acupuncture (3 times weekly for 8 weeks) versus sham acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial, patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to receive electroacupuncture (EA), manual acupuncture (MA), or sham acupuncture (SA) 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Participants, outcome assessors, and statisticians were blinded with regard to treatment group assignment. The primary outcome measure was response rate, which is the proportion of participants who simultaneously achieved minimal clinically important improvement in pain and function by week 8. The primary analysis was conducted using a Z test for proportions in the modified intent-to-treat population, which included all randomized participants who had ≥1 post-baseline measurement. RESULTS Of the 480 participants recruited in the trial, 442 were evaluated for efficacy. The response rates at week 8 were 60.3% (91 of 151), 58.6% (85 of 145), and 47.3% (69 of 146) in the EA, MA, and SA groups, respectively. The between-group differences were 13.0% (97.5% confidence interval [97.5% CI] 0.2%, 25.9%; P = 0.0234) for EA versus SA and 11.3% (97.5% CI -1.6%, 24.4%; P = 0.0507) for MA versus SA. The response rates in the EA and MA groups were both significantly higher than those in the SA group at weeks 16 and 26. CONCLUSION Among patients with knee OA, intensive EA resulted in less pain and better function at week 8, compared with SA, and these effects persisted though week 26. Intensive MA had no benefit for knee OA at week 8, although it showed benefits during follow-up.

To rank the effectiveness of various moxibustion methods on the quality of life in tumor patients, and explore the best treatment plan of moxibustion for improving the quality of life in tumor patients from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.The Chinese and English literature of randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the effect of moxibustion on the quality of life in tumor patients were searched in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang and VIP. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to October 31, 2020. The R3.6.2 and Stata15.0 software were used for network Meta-analysis based on Bayesian model.A total of 30 Chinese RCTs were included, including 2 169 patients, involving 16 interventions. In terms of the effectiveness of improving quality of life, the top three treatments were special moxibustion plus other therapies 1 (either of tendon acupuncture, acupoint pressing, acupoint injection, etc.), wheat-grain moxibustion and mild moxibustion. The special moxibustion methods were the combination of fire-dragon moxibustion, thunder-fire moxibustion,The adjuvant treatment of wheat-grain moxibustion is more effective than other moxibustion methods on improving the quality of life in tumor patients, but the results needed to be further verified because the bias risk of RCT included in this study is high and the sample size is small.

By observing the body surface temperature changes of different meridian acupoints located at the same or adjacent spinal segments of the uterus during the whole storing and releasing process of the uterus under normal physiological condition by the infrared thermal imaging technology, to explore the specific patterns that the functions of Zang-fu organs are reflected on the biophysical characteristics of acupoints, and to enrich the functional specificity theory of the meridian acupoints, thus to provide a reference for discussing the biophysical characteristics of meridian acupoints associated with the menstrual cycle in healthy female college students. Ninety healthy subjects were included. Infrared thermal imaging device was used to detect the body surface temperature of the Yuan-Primary points, the Xi-Cleft points, the crossing points, the non-specific points, the unrelated meridian acupoints and the non-meridian non-acupoint points of the three yin meridians of foot located at the same or adjacent spinal cord segment with uterus, during the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, the ovulation phase and the luteal phase. The absolute skin temperature difference between the left and right acupoints with the same name was used as the main outcome indicator. The temperature difference between left and right Diji (SP 8, the Xi-Cleft point of the Spleen Meridian) during the ovulation phase was significantly higher than that during the other 3 phases (all P 0.05); the absolute temperature difference value of each meridian acupoint was not statistically different from each other in the same phase (all P>0.05). The temperature of Diji (SP 8) specifically reflected the onset of ovulation, and the thermal characteristics of Diji (SP 8) specifically reflected the physiological changes of uterus. The meridian acupoints reflecting the performance of Zang-fu function is not only associated with the spinal cord segment innervating the acupoints, but also associated with the characteristics of the acupoints and the meridians to which the acupoints belong.

In this study, a knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rat model induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was used to study the effect of moxibustion on improving knee cartilage damage and its effect on the intestinal flora. The experimental rats were divided into the normal group (N), model group (M), moxibustion treatment group (MS), and diclofenac sodium treatment group (DS). After 4 weeks, cartilage pathological damage in the knee joint was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining analysis. ELISAs and Western blots were used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum and cartilage, respectively. The total DNA of the fecal samples was extracted and subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the changes in the intestinal flora. In the model group, the cartilage was obviously damaged, the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum and cartilage were increased, and the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora were decreased. Moxibustion treatment significantly improved the cartilage damage and reduced the concentration of inflammatory factors in the serum and cartilage. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that compared to the model group, the moxibustion treatment regulated some specific species in the intestinal microorganisms rather than the α diversity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that moxibustion treatment may work through two aspects in rats. On one hand, it directly acts on knee cartilage to promote repair, and on the other hand, it regulates the composition of the intestinal flora and reduces the production of inflammatory factors.

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies on transmission function, electromyography, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) content and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) expression of colon in rat models with slow transit constipation (STC). Of the 50 healthy male Wistar rats, 10 were randomly selected as a normal group and fed with ordinary diet, and the remaining 40 rats were fed with the diet added with the compound diphenoxylate at a dose of 8 mg/(kg·bw) each day for continuous 120 d. The 40 successfully established STC rat models were randomly divided into a model group, a low-frequency EA group (2 Hz), a high-frequency EA group (100 Hz), and a variable-frequency EA group (2 Hz/100 Hz), with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the normal and the model groups were not given any treatment; the low-frequency EA and the high-frequency EA groups were given EA at Tianshu (ST 25), Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhigou (TE 6) with continuous wave at the designated frequency, and the variable-frequency EA group received sparse-dense wave (2 Hz/100 Hz) EA at the same acupoints, once a day for a total of 15 d. After treatment, the colonic transmission function, electromyography, NOS content and ICC expression (calculated by the difference in the area of the C-kit positive cells) of the rats in each group were measured. For the colonic transmission function, compared with the normal group, the first black stool excretion durations of rats in the other groups were significantly prolonged (all P

To analyze the compatible rules of acupoints in the treatment of migraine with acupuncture and moxibustion based on complex network technique so as to provide a reference for composing best acupoint recipes.Clinical papers about acupuncture treatment of migraine published from January of 2010 to October of 2020 were searched from Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Pubmed by using keywords of acupuncture, moxibustion and migraine. According to our inclusive and exclusive criteria, the collected papers were screened out to set up a database. The SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used to analyze the association rules of acupoints, and the Gephi 0.9.2 software was used to conduct a complex network analysis about the compatibility rules of acupoints and their application characteristics of moxibustion and needling methods in the treatment of migraine.In the end, 572 articles meeting the conclusive criteria were selected, and a total of 1 091 acupoint prescriptions for the treatment of migraine were extracted, including 230 acupoints with a total appea-rance frequency of 7 902. Those acupoints most frequently used were mainly attributed to the Gallbladder Meridian, with Fengchi (GB20) being the highest in the cumulative frequency. The association rule analysis showed that the highest supporting degree acupoints was GB20-Taiyang(EX-HN5). The highest levels of confidence were EX-HN5-Touwei(ST8), GB20-Baihui(GV20), and GB20-ST8. The analysis of complex network topology showed that a total of 17 acupoints including GB20, EX-HN5, Shuaigu(GB8), Taichong(LR3), GV20, Ashi point, etc. were the core node acupoints for acupuncture treatment of migraine.In the treatment of migraine, the acupoints selected are mainly distributed in the head region. When the specific acupoints chosen, the five Shu acupoints, Yuan (source) acupoints and the confluent acupoints of eight meridians are frequently used. In terms of composing acupoint recipes, the acupoints in the local and distant part of the body are often used in combination. These outcomes may have a certain guiding significance for clinical treatment of migraine.

To analyze the regularities of combination of acupoints in the existing clinical trial literature by using complex network technique, so as to provide reliable evidence for selecting appropriate acupoint recipes in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with acupuncture and moxibustion therapies.Clinical papers about acupuncture treatment of KOA published from January of 2000 to April of 2020 were searched from Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Pubmed and ScienceDirect by using keywords of "acupuncture", "moxibustion" and "knee osteoarthritis". According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria, the collected papers were screened out to set up a database. SPSS Modeler18.0 software was used to analyze the association rules of acupoints (including the core acupoint nodes and compatibility relationship), and Gephi0.9.2 software was employed to conduct a complex network analysis about the compatibility rules of acupoints and their application characteristics of moxibustion and needling methods in the treatment of KOA (shown by a complex network schematic diagram).A total of 444 acupuncture prescriptions were extracted, including 6 single-acupoint prescriptions (1.35%) and 438 multiple-acupoint prescriptions (98.65%). A total of 112 acupoints were involved, with the application frequency of 3 389. Among them, the application frequency of the Neixiyan (EX-LE4)is the highest (354 times, 10.45%), followed by Dubi (ST35), Xuehai(SP10), Yanglingquan(GB34), Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanli(ST36), etc. The mainly involved meridians are the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming and the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin. The involved specific acupoints are the Five-shu (stream) acupoints, being the most commonly used, followed by the crossing points, and lower confluent (sea) acupoints.In the treatment of KOA with acupuncture and moxibustion, the regularities and characteristics of acupoint combinations (acupoint prescriptions) are: 1) often selecting local acupoints at the lower limbs, 2) frequently applying the Five-shu acupoints (specific acupoints), and 3) matching the acupoints of the outside meridians and inside meridians, especially those of the Spleen Meridian and Stomach Meridian.

To examine whether direct contact moxibustion (DCM) can prevent and treat gastric cancer (GC) by regulating intestinal flora in rats.Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, normal + DCM control group, model group, and model + DCM group. Gastric cancer rats were induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 20 mg/mL) by gavage. At the same time, the model rats and normal rats were given DCM at Zusanli (ST36), Weishu (BL21), and Zhongwan (CV12) for 16 weeks. After treatment, gastric tissues were collected to analyze the pathological changes and the apoptosis of gastric mucosa cells. In addition, the cecal stool was taken and analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing.Gastric cancer-like pathological changes and different abundance of the intestinal flora were found in the model group. DCM promoted mucosa tissue apoptosis and regulated the abnormal changes of the intestinal microflora caused by MNNG; DCM also inhibited the growth of Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae flora and promoted the growth of probiotic Akkermansia. Furthermore, DCM made the composition and abundance of intestinal microflora in the GC rats tending to the normal rats.DCM stimulating Zusanli (ST36), Weishu (BL21), and Zhongwan (CV12) promoted the apoptosis of gastric mucosa and delayed the progression of gastric cancer, possibly by decreasing Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae bacteria (bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids in the intestine) and promoting the growth of probiotic Akkermansia.

王雪苔，著名中医针灸学家，中国中医科学院针灸研究所创始人之一、第二任所长，国家级非物质文化遗产项目“针灸”代表性传承人。系统回顾王雪苔教授的治学与工作成就，将其学术思想及贡献归纳总结为：捋清针灸发展的源流，奠定了针灸学术史研究的基础；重视灸法，推动新兴针法发展；强调保持针灸特色的目的是提高临床疗效；倡导针灸标准化，以标准化推进国际化；守正创新，力促中医针灸现代化。.

In this paper, the articles of auricular acupuncture in recent 20 years are sorted out and analyzed, and the theory and mechanism of auricular acupuncture in different schools are summarized and compared. Eight theories are included totally, i.e. meridian-collateral theory and zangfu theory of classic TCM, as well as neurodoctrine, neurohumoral theory, embryology theory, holography theory, biological cybernetics and chronobiology theory in modern times. Each of them has its own rationality.Hereafter, through more rigour scientific deign and in accordance with clinical and experimental studies, auricular acupuncture theory should be explored more scientifically and universally so as to provide the theoretic guidance and evidences for clinical treatment with auricular acupuncture, and then to improve the clinical therapeutic effect and promote the application of auricular acupuncture.本文对近20年的国内外耳针相关文献进行整理和分析，归纳比较不同流派耳针的理论及作用机制。分析了包括古典中医的经络理论与脏腑理论，近现代的神经学说、神经体液学说、胚胎学理论、全息理论、生物控制论学说和时间生物学理论，8种理论学说各有其合理性。今后应通过更加严谨的设计，从临床和实验角度探索更具科学性和普适性的耳针理论，为耳针临床治疗提供指导和参考依据，从而提高临床疗效，促进耳针的应用和推广。.

The scalp acupuncture therapy, an important component of the microneedle system of the acupuncturology, is effective in the treatment of multiple types of diseases. In the present paper, we made a comparative analysis about the theoretical basis, acupoint location and main clinical indications of the ten academic schools of scalp-acupuncture, including FANG Yun-peng's Scalp Acupuncture, JIAO Shun-fa's Scalp Acupuncture, ZHU Ming-qing's Scalp Acupuncture, etc. which are widely used in clinic at present after collecting the related articles published in recent 60 years from databases of CNKI, Wanfang and VIP, and relevant books. These nine academic schools are similar in clinical indications (such as neurological disorders, brain-derived di-seases) and in needle inserting angle and depth, and different in the needling manipulations, needlingmethods, needle retaining time, theoretical basis, attending diseases of the same one stimulated region, and the position and yin or yang of holograms. The main problems facing the scalp acupuncture are non-uniform positioning method, non-uniform needling method, and non-uniform indications of the same scalp acupoint. Up to now, it remains unclear that which academic school is better in the therapeutic efficacy, thus, we should strengthen clinical research to find out its inherent law in diagnosis and treatment, constantly optimize the needle scheme, determine the best scalp-acupoint position and best needling manipulations, quantize and standardize the related issues, and accelerate the integration of the different academic schools, so as to improve clinical curative effect and to further promote the application and popularization, serving the patients in a better way.通过查阅中国知网、万方、维普数据库以及头针各流派相关书籍，对近60年与头针相关的文献进行整理，比较目前应用较广泛的方云鹏头针、焦顺发头针、朱明清头针等10个头针流派的理论基础、选穴部位、临床优势病种等，以期为治疗不同疾病提供头针疗法的最佳刺激部位、全息象、针刺手法、针刺角度、留针时间等, 减少临床选穴(区)的盲目性。众多头针流派各有特点，应通过严密的科学研究找出临床中头针最佳治疗方案，促进流派间的融合，使头针更加规范化和标准化，为临床使用头针提供参考，提高临床疗效，促进头针疗法的应用与推广。.

This study was done to determine the effects of different courses of moxibustion on a rat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model, and explore the dose-effect relationship of moxibustion on KOA from the perspectives of intestinal flora and inflammatory factors.Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal, model, moxibustion for 2 weeks, moxibustion for 4 weeks and moxibustion for 6 weeks groups (n = 5 each group). A KOA rat model was induced by monosodium iodoacetate, and moxibustion intervention was performed at the acupoints "Dubi" (ST35) and "Zusanli" (ST36), once every other day. Pathologic changes in the cartilage of rat knee joints were assessed after intervention, and fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing for microbial diversity analysis.Damage to the knee articular cartilage was obvious in the model group, which also had increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors, decreased levels of anti-inflammatory factors, and intestinal flora disorders with decreased diversity. The degree of cartilage damage in the 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups was significantly improved compared with the model group. The 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups also demonstrated reduced levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α and increased levels of interleukin-10 (P 0.05). Both the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora were increased, approaching those of the normal group. Abundances of probiotics Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 increased, while that of the pathogenic bacteria Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group decreased (P 0.05). Although the abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group decreased in the 2 weeks of moxibustion group compared with the model group (P 0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in serum inflammatory factors, flora species diversity or degree of pathological damage compared with the model group.Moxibustion treatment led to significant improvements in the intestinal flora and inflammatory factors of rats with KOA. Moxibustion treatment of 4 and 6 weeks led to better outcomes than the 2-week course. Moxibustion for 4 and 6 weeks can regulate intestinal flora dysfunction with increased probiotics and reduced pathogenic bacteria, reduce pro-inflammatory factors and increase anti-inflammatory factors. No significant differences were seen between the effects of moxibustion for 4 weeks and 6 weeks.

Moxibustion therapy has a good therapeutic effect in warming yang, strengthening body resistance to dispel pathogenic cold and艾灸具有温阳扶正、散寒祛邪的作用，可通过提高机体抗邪能力防治传染性疾病。古今文献中存在诸多艾灸应用于传染性疾病的记载。本文挖掘古今文献中记载的艾灸预防传染性疾病的方法及其应用于治疗瘴疠气、骨蒸病、霍乱、鼠疫、流行性出血热等的具体方法，论证了艾灸防治传染病的有效性。在此基础上，本文也提出艾灸防治新型冠状病毒肺炎这一新发传染性疾病的可行性。.

Different micro needle system therapies have different advantages and characteristics. However, at present, the dominant diseases for which each therapy is appropriate are positioned relatively vaguely, and even the acupoint selections for the same disease are different. The clinical application of the dominant disease and application characteristics of each micro needle system therapy is a scientific problem that needs to be explored urgently. Based on the previous data mining study of the clinical application of auricular acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, abdominal acupuncture, eye acupuncture, wrist-ankle acupuncture, hand acupuncture, the second metacarpal bone lateral needling, facial acupuncture, mouth acupuncture and nose acupuncture, the diseases reported more in the clinical literature of each therapy were extracted to find out the same symptoms applicable to different micro needle systems. The clinical application and differences of different micro needle systems for the same disease were compared horizontally, and it demonstrated that the second metacarpal bone lateral needling, facial needle, mouth acupuncture and nose acupuncture were biased towards a partial corresponding therapeutic relationship between one part and the other part, and the eye acupuncture was biased to interfere with the whole by adjusting the function of the organs, and the auricular, scalp and abdominal needles had the both characteristics, and the wrist-malleolus acupuncture and hand acupuncture were often used in various disorders of the meridian-collateral level. The differences were researched and summarized to more accurately guide clinicians in the application of different micro needle system therapies.

Many chemical and physical equilibrium conditions can be determined from minimizing the Gibbs free energies of the system. Efficient analytical representations of the entropy and Gibbs free energy of carbonyl sulfide remain elusive in the communality of science and engineering. Here, we report two analytical representations of the entropy and Gibbs free energy for carbonyl sulfide, and the prediction procedures only involve six molecular constants of the carbonyl sulfide molecule. In the temperature range from 300 to 6000 K, the average relative deviations of the predicted molar entropy and reduced Gibbs free energy values of carbonyl sulfide from the National Institute of Standards and Technology database are arrived at 0.150 and 0.189%, respectively.

We first report three reliable analytical expressions of the entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of carbon dioxide (CO2) and perform predictions of these three thermodynamic quantities on the basis of the proposed analytical expressions and in terms of experimental values of five molecular constants for CO2. The average relative deviations of the calculated values from the National Institute of Standards and Technology database over the temperature range from 300 to 6000 K are merely 0.053, 0.95, and 0.070%, respectively, for the entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy. The present predictive expressions are away from the utilization of plenty of experimental spectroscopy data and are applicable to treat CO2 capture and storage processes.

The development of shale-gas reservoirs has been dramatically accelerated with the technical breakthroughs made in the fields of horizontal well drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing. After being restructured by hydraulic fracturing, the shale reservoir would have a complicated fracture network featuring great randomness. The accurate evaluation of the fracture network structure and the quantitative calculation of the fracturing fluid flowback are keys to the efficient development of shale-gas fields. In this paper, a new fractal seepage model of single fracturing section was established based on the conversion relationship of gas-liquid flow fractal dimension. Then, the sensitivity of model parameters and the flow characteristics of single fracture section were analyzed to determine the reason that gas production “rises first, and then drops down” at the initial production phase. Finally, the mathematical description of the heterogeneity of fracture networks was further proposed based on Fuzzy theory. Case studies in Fuling shale-gas field were performed by means of the Extended Monte Carlo Simulation and the optimal fracturing heterogeneity factors of typical wells are 0.25, 0.10 and 0.15. Compared with the homogeneous model, the accuracies of gas production and water production calculated by heterogeneous model are increased by up to 15% and 20%, respectively.

Nitrogen (N2) is widely used in oil and gas industry. We report two new efficient closed-form representations for the molar entropy and Gibbs free energy of pure gaseous substances. A comparison of the predicted and experimental values shows that the molar entropies and Gibbs free energies of N2 can be excellently predicted in the temperature range of 100–6000 K. The present entropy and Gibbs free energy prediction models only require the experimental values of three molecular constants and are away from the utilization of a great number of experimental spectroscopy data.

We develop a new closed-form representation for the molar Gibbs free energies of gaseous substances. The predicted molar Gibbs free energies are in excellent agreement with the experimental data in a wide temperature range for three gases under consideration, and the average absolute deviations of the predicted results from the experimental data are 0.06155%, 0.0708% and 0.16696% for the gases Cl2, Br2, and HCl, respectively. The proposed model is away from the need of a large amount of experimental spectroscopy data, and only related to the dissociation energy, equilibrium bond length, and equilibrium vibration frequency.

With the dramatically expanding of the horizontal well drilled and hydraulic fracturing technology, the exploitation of shale gas has entered a new phase. The complex fracture network will be formed during the massive hydraulic fracturing, which is difficult to be described precisely in mathematical models. Based on Fractal theory, a new mathematical description of gas and liquid flow in single stage of hydraulic fracture network is proposed and a BHFP superposition model of multistage fracture network is established to describe the fracture development and distribution information. This BHFP superposition model characterizes the reservoir heterogeneity by Fuzzy statistical method and can easily accomplish the historical matching task of production data by genetic algorithm. Our model has achieved good prediction results in the application of typical production wells in Fuling shale gas field.

We report a new efficient analytical representation of the molar enthalpy for gaseous substances. The predicted molar enthalpy values are in good agreement with the experimental data in a wide temperature range for the gases Cl2, Br2, and gaseous BBr. The present enthalpy prediction model does not need of a great number of experimental spectroscopy data, and requires only three molecular constants, for which the experimental values can be easily obtained in the literature.

Shale gas has become one of the most important unconventional energy sources in ultra-low permeability reservoirs which has unique reservoir properties and exists in the form of free and adsorptive state in the reservoir, forming many kinds of flow mechanism. In this paper, we provide a new method for production data analysis of shale gas well based on the flowing material balance theory. This method can accurately and effectively evaluate the productivity of shale gas wells and the dropdown of formation energy. This new model divides SRV into matrix pressure system and hydraulic fracturing pressure system. Only 5 fitting parameters are needed to complete the productivity evaluation of shale gas well, and the pressure data of matrix system and hydraulic fracturing systems can be calculated by this model. Compared with the Hz Multifrac model in RTA, our model achieves better and more stable evaluation results in the application of typical production wells in many large shale gas fields, such as Fuling, Changning, Eagle Ford and Barnet.

We present a universal efficient closed-form representation for the molar enthalpy of gaseous substances. The predicted molar enthalpy values show excellent agreements compared to the experimental data in a wide temperature range for the gases CO, HCl, and BF. The proposed model is away from the need of plenty of experimental spectroscopy data, and depends on only four molecular constants, for which the experimental values can be easily found in the literature.

The concepts of acupuncture-moxibustion "academic school" "school of thought" and "school" are differentiated. It is believed that "academic school" is the general term of "school of thought" and "school". This paper puts forward a solution to the confusion of related concepts, disunity of formation conditions, disunity of divisionmethods and disunity of nomenclature. It is proposed that a great concentration should be put on the arrangement of acupuncture-moxibustion academic school and the regulation on related issues. Because of the complexity and diversity of the form and content of acupuncture-moxibustion schools, the division of them should not be so specified and the unification of related issues should not be so strictly required.对针灸学术流派、学派、流派的概念进行辨析，认为学术流派为“学派”与“流派”的泛称。对针灸学术流派相关概念混淆、形成条件不统一、划分方法不统一、命名不统一的问题提出解决方案，认为应把更多精力放于针灸学派的整理、规范其相关问题；而针灸流派由于其从形式到内容的复杂性及多样性，划分不宜太过精细，对于相关问题的统一亦可不做严格要求。.

Master DOU Han-qing is one famous acupuncturist in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties of China. In consideration of his newly neatened works由于《窦太师针经》《针灸集成》《盘石金直刺秘传》三书的重见于世, 故对窦汉卿学术成就进行更加系统全面的归纳总结。窦氏学术成就主要有六大方面：融汇先贤之要, 厘正前人之误；刺法创新；穴法创新；继承发展宋代针方, 创立针灸诊疗模式；启发明代诸家针法；以“赋”载道。最后, 立足于现代, 对窦汉卿学术成就的启示意义进行了总结。.

To investigate the application characteristics of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, so as to provide a basis for clinical use of EA therapy.Keywords of "electroacupuncture""peripheral neuropathy" "facial paralysis" "trigeminal neuralgia" "sciatica" "common peroneal nerve injury" "diabetic peripheral neuropathy" "intercostal neuralgia" "gluteal epithelial neuritis" "ulnar nerve injury" "median nerve paralysis" "postherpetic neuralgia", and "great occipital neuralgia" were used to search articles in both English and Chinese published from 1999 to 2019 in databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, Ovid, PubMed and Embase and related books such as electroacupuncture, and neurology, followed by establishing a database of "Electroacupuncture Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy". Then, the collected articles were put into statistical analysis after sorting, screening, input, checking, and data extracting by using data mining technology and statistical software EpiData.Of the searched 1 528 papers, 778 were eligible, involving 13 types of peripheral neuropathy which the facial paralysis and facial spasm were most frequently seen, followed by trigeminal neuralgia and sciatica, with an effective rate being above 90% for nearly all the 13 diseases. The acupoints employed were chiefly those close to the affected area and distribute along the nerve trunk.In addition, about the needling techniques, the penetration needling was frequently used, and the triple needling, quintuple needling and accompanied needling were also used. Regarding the related needle manipulations, the uniform reinforcing-reduction technique was most frequently used. The duration of EA was 30 min, with a highest stimulating frequency of 50 Hz. The acupoint injection was frequently supplemented, followed by moxibustion, and the treatment sessions were usually about 30 times.EA therapy is frequently used in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, and has some characteristics in acupoint selection, stimulating parameters and some additional needling techniques.

The historical origin of hand acupuncture therapies were collected. The positioning method, acupuncture manipulation and dominant diseases, etc. were compared among 8 kinds of extensively used hand acupuncture schools, such as traditional hand acupuncture, Korean finger needle and梳理手针疗法历史源流，比较目前应用较广泛的传统手针派、高丽手指针派、方氏手象针派等8个手针流派的定位方法、针刺手法、优势病种等，发现手针疗法存在定位方法不统一、针刺方法不统一、优势病种模糊等问题。未来研究中，要优化手针方案，寻找最佳全息象、针刺手法及量化标准，促进流派间的融合，形成相关规范，制定相关国家标准，以促进手针疗法的应用与发展。.

Summarized the characteristics and rules of总结针灸古代文献中窦汉卿针灸处方特点和规律，为研究窦汉卿学术思想以及现代针灸临床提供参考。对窦氏针灸处方的文献进行收集、整理、录入，建立窦汉卿针灸处方数据库，对处方中的腧穴进行频次分析，并采用Apriori算法分析处方用穴规律。共收录窦汉卿针灸处方446个，针灸处方最多用穴12个。治疗病种以内科病症、头面躯体痛症及五官科病症最多。窦汉卿所有处方中总共用穴205个，包括25个奇穴。窦汉卿针灸处方中关联程度较强的穴对有7组，分别为合谷-足三里、足三里-中脘、合谷-曲池、合谷-委中、曲池-肩井、委中-曲池和委中-足三里。选穴原则以近部选穴和远部选穴为主；配穴方法以上下配穴、本经配穴和表里经配穴为主；注重刺灸法与腧穴的配合，注重针刺顺序。.

To analyze the acupoint combination regularities and application characteristics of core acupoints in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) by using complex network technology, so as to provide reliable evidence for clinical selection of acupoints and treatment ideas.The articles related to acupuncture treatment of MGH published from January of 1981 to May of 2020 were collected from databases as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), Chinese Journal of Science and Technology of VIP (VIP), PubMed, the Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and Ovid database (OVID) according to the set inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present paper and by using keywords of "mammary gland hyperplasia", "mastalgia" or "fibrocystic breast change", "breast cystic hyperplasia ", etc. plus "acupuncture", "moxibustion", etc. Then, a correlative database model was established by using SPSS Modeler 18.0 to analyze their association regularities, followed by conducting a complex network analysis with Gephi 0.9.2 software.A total of 312 eligible articles containing 343 acupoint prescriptions and 113 acupoints were collected. The total frequency of use of the 113 acupoints was 1 998. The association regularity analysis showed a top relativity between Danzhong(CV17) and Zusanli(ST36). The analysis of the complex network topology revealed that CV17, Qimen(LR14), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Taichong(LR3), ST36, Jianjing(GB21), Rugen(ST18), Wuyi(ST15), Neiguan(PC6), Ashi-points, Fenglong (SP40), Guanyuan(CV4), Taixi(KI3), Tianzong(SI11), Ganshu (BL18), and Hegu(LI14) are the core acupoints for treatment of MGH. The principle for composing acupoint prescriptions is mainly the combination of acupoints on the left and right sides, the upper and lower parts, front and back parts of the body, respectively, and those of the outer and inner meridians, and those of the same name meridians and Zangfu-organ syndrome differentiation. The needle-insertion direction is mostly toward the focus.The composition of acupoint prescriptions for treating MGH with acupuncture and moxibustion is mainly based on the combination of specific acupoints among which the confluent acupoints are most frequently used, followed by the combination of acupoints distributing at the chest, back, upper and lower limbs, and the local acupoints.

Based on the literature regarding auricular acupuncture in recent 60 years, the theoretical basis, acupuncturemethods and dominant diseases are analyzed and compared, and three major auricular acupuncture schools are proposed. The first school is the sinicized auricular acupuncture school derived from French Nogier auricular acupuncture school, which can be further divided into three branches:整理近60年的耳针相关文献，将其理论基础、针刺方法及优势病种等进行归纳比较，提出了3大耳针流派，即法国诺吉尔耳针派的中国化耳针流派，分为黄氏耳针派、管氏耳针派及陈、许氏耳针派3个支流；由中国古典耳针继承与发展而来的轩辕耳针派；中西医理论相结合且异于诺吉尔耳针派胚胎倒置理论的尉迟氏耳针派。并进一步分析了不同耳针流派的理论来源、耳穴分布特点及其临床应用特色等的异同，以期对今后耳针的临床应用、基础研究及国家标准的完善提供有益借鉴。.

The development and innovation of overseas acupuncture was expounded from four aspects: meridian diagnosis and physical examination, activity of acupoint, acupuncture and moxibustion method and acupuncture level, enrichment and improvement of TCM theory and technology, and it was summarized what can be learned of principles, methods, prescriptions, acupoints and technology. On the basis of inheriting the experience of ancient acupuncture and moxibustion, the advanced experience and theory at home and abroad should be accommodated , which is helpful to better perfect and reconstruct the theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion, and realize the sustainable development of acupuncture and moxibustion.从经络诊断和查体、腧穴的活动性、刺灸法及针刺层次、中医理论和技术的丰富与完善4个方面阐述海外针灸的发展和创新，总结其理法方穴术的可借鉴之处。国内针灸应在继承好古代针灸经验的基础上，不断容纳海内外先进的经验和理论，有助于更好地完善、重构针灸理论体系，实现针灸可持续发展。.

To compare the clinical efficacy between moxibustion and acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to observe the effect on serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA).A total of 60 patients with KOA were randomized into a moxibustion group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and an acupuncture group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the aucpuncture group, acupuncture was applied at Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Heding (EX-LE 2), Xuehai (SP 10), Liangqiu (ST 34), Zusanli (ST 36) andCompared before treatment, the WOMAC scores and the contents of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA after treatment were reduced (Moxibustion and acupuncture can relieve KOA symptoms, and the therapeutic effect of moxibustion is superior to acupuncture. The mechanism may be related to the reduction of serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress factor.