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6. Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Author

Geiser, D. M., Al-Hatmi, A., Aoki, T., Arie, T., Balmas, V., Barnes, I., Bergstrom, G. C, Bhattacharyya, M. K. K., Blomquist, C. L., Bowden, R., Brankovics, B., Guarro, J., Ward, T., Wickes, B., Everts, K. L., Wiederhold, N. P., Wingfield, M. J., Wood, A. K. M., Xu, J. R., Carrillo, J. D., Yang, X. B., Scauflaire, J., Yli-Matilla, T., Gugino, B., Yun, S. H., Zakaria, L., Zhang, H., Fernández-Pavía, S. P., Zhang, N., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Chang, H. X., Kim, H., Chen, C. Y., Chen, W., Gutiérrez, S., Chilvers, M. I., Chulze, S. N., Coleman, J. J., Cuomo, C. A., da Silva, G. F., de Beer, Z. W., de Hoog, G. S., Kistler, H. C., Del Castillo-Múnera, J., Del Ponte, E., Dieguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Hammond-Kosack, K., Di Pietro, A., Edel-Hermann, V., Elmer, W. H., Foroud, N. A., Fourie, G., Frandsen, R. J. N., Nucci, M., Freeman, S., Munaut, F., Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, O., Harris, L. J., Fuller, K. K., Gagkaeva, T., Gardiner, D. M., Glenn, A. E., Gold, S., Kuldau, G. A., Gordon, T., Gregory, N. F., Gryzenhout, M., Homa, M., Hong, C. F., Hornok, L., Huang, J. W., Burgess, L. W., Ilkit, M., Nicholson, P., Kulik, T., Jacobs, A., Jacobs, K., Jiang, C., Jiménez-Gasco, M. Mar, Kang, S., Kasson, M. T., Kazan, K., Kennell, J. C., Kurzai, O., Laraba, I., Laurence, M. H., Lee, T. Y., Eskalen, A., Lee, Y. W., Schmale, D. III., Lee, Y. H., Leslie, J. F., Liew, E. C. Y., O'Donnell, K., Lofton, L. W., Logrieco, A., López-Berges, M. S., Luque, A. G., Tortorano, A. M., Lysøe, E., Ma, L. J., Short, D. P., Marra, R. E., Martin, Frank N., May, S. R., McCormick, S., Pasquali, M., McGee, C. T., Meis, J. F., Urban, M., Migheli, Q., Mohamed Nor, N. M. I., Monod, M., Šišic, A., Moretti, A., Mostert, D., Mulé, G., Pfenning, L. H., Prigitano, A., Proctor, R., Busman, M., Ranque, S., Brown, D. W., Rehner, S., Rep, M., Smith, J., Rodríguez-Alvarado, G., Rose, L. J., Roth, M. G., Ruiz-Roldán, C., Saleh, A. A., Vaillancourt, L. J., Salleh, B., Sang, H., Scandiani, M., Smyth, C. W., Son, H., Spahr, E., Stajich, Jason E., Epstein, L., Steenkamp, Emma, Bushley, K., Vallad, G. E., Steinberg, C., Subramaniam, R., Suga, H., Summerell, B. A., Susca, A., Swett, C. L., Toomajian, C., Torres-Cruz, T. J., van der Lee, T., Vanderpool, D., van Diepeningen, A. D., Vaughan, M., Munkvold, G. P., Venter, E., Esposto, M. C., Vermeulen, M., Verweij, P. E., Viljoen, A., Cano-Lira, J. F., Waalwijk, C., Wallace, E. C., Walther, G., Wang, J., Geiser, D. M., Al-Hatmi, A., Aoki, T., Arie, T., Balmas, V., Barnes, I., Bergstrom, G. C, Bhattacharyya, M. K. K., Blomquist, C. L., Bowden, R., Brankovics, B., Guarro, J., Ward, T., Wickes, B., Everts, K. L., Wiederhold, N. P., Wingfield, M. J., Wood, A. K. M., Xu, J. R., Carrillo, J. D., Yang, X. B., Scauflaire, J., Yli-Matilla, T., Gugino, B., Yun, S. H., Zakaria, L., Zhang, H., Fernández-Pavía, S. P., Zhang, N., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Chang, H. X., Kim, H., Chen, C. Y., Chen, W., Gutiérrez, S., Chilvers, M. I., Chulze, S. N., Coleman, J. J., Cuomo, C. A., da Silva, G. F., de Beer, Z. W., de Hoog, G. S., Kistler, H. C., Del Castillo-Múnera, J., Del Ponte, E., Dieguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Hammond-Kosack, K., Di Pietro, A., Edel-Hermann, V., Elmer, W. H., Foroud, N. A., Fourie, G., Frandsen, R. J. N., Nucci, M., Freeman, S., Munaut, F., Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, O., Harris, L. J., Fuller, K. K., Gagkaeva, T., Gardiner, D. M., Glenn, A. E., Gold, S., Kuldau, G. A., Gordon, T., Gregory, N. F., Gryzenhout, M., Homa, M., Hong, C. F., Hornok, L., Huang, J. W., Burgess, L. W., Ilkit, M., Nicholson, P., Kulik, T., Jacobs, A., Jacobs, K., Jiang, C., Jiménez-Gasco, M. Mar, Kang, S., Kasson, M. T., Kazan, K., Kennell, J. C., Kurzai, O., Laraba, I., Laurence, M. H., Lee, T. Y., Eskalen, A., Lee, Y. W., Schmale, D. III., Lee, Y. H., Leslie, J. F., Liew, E. C. Y., O'Donnell, K., Lofton, L. W., Logrieco, A., López-Berges, M. S., Luque, A. G., Tortorano, A. M., Lysøe, E., Ma, L. J., Short, D. P., Marra, R. E., Martin, Frank N., May, S. R., McCormick, S., Pasquali, M., McGee, C. T., Meis, J. F., Urban, M., Migheli, Q., Mohamed Nor, N. M. I., Monod, M., Šišic, A., Moretti, A., Mostert, D., Mulé, G., Pfenning, L. H., Prigitano, A., Proctor, R., Busman, M., Ranque, S., Brown, D. W., Rehner, S., Rep, M., Smith, J., Rodríguez-Alvarado, G., Rose, L. J., Roth, M. G., Ruiz-Roldán, C., Saleh, A. A., Vaillancourt, L. J., Salleh, B., Sang, H., Scandiani, M., Smyth, C. W., Son, H., Spahr, E., Stajich, Jason E., Epstein, L., Steenkamp, Emma, Bushley, K., Vallad, G. E., Steinberg, C., Subramaniam, R., Suga, H., Summerell, B. A., Susca, A., Swett, C. L., Toomajian, C., Torres-Cruz, T. J., van der Lee, T., Vanderpool, D., van Diepeningen, A. D., Vaughan, M., Munkvold, G. P., Venter, E., Esposto, M. C., Vermeulen, M., Verweij, P. E., Viljoen, A., Cano-Lira, J. F., Waalwijk, C., Wallace, E. C., Walther, G., and Wang, J.

Abstract

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available

Published
2021

7. Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic fusarium that includes the fusarium solani species complex

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Geiser DM; Al-Hatmi AMS; Aoki T; Arie T; Balmas V; Barnes I; Bergstrom GC; Bhattacharyya MK; Blomquist CL; Bowden RL; Brankovics B; Brown DW; Burgess LW; Bushley K; Busman M; Cano-Lira JF; Carrillo JD; Chang HX; Chen CY; Chen W; Chilvers M; Chulze S; Coleman JJ; Cuomo CA; Wilhelm de Beer Z; Sybren de Hoog G; Castillo-Munera JD; Del Ponte EM; Dieguez-Uribeondo J; Pietro AD; Edel-Hermann V; Elmer WH; Epstein L; Eskalen A; Esposto MC; Everts KL; Fernandez-Pavıa SP; da Silva GF; Foroud NA; Fourie G; Frandsen RJN; Freeman S; Freitag M; Frenkel O; Fuller KK; Gagkaeva T; Gardiner DM; Glenn AE; Gold SE; Gordon TR; Gregory NF; Gryzenhout M; Guarro J; Gugino BK; Gutierrez S; Hammond-Kosack KE; Harris LJ; Homa M; Hong CF; Hornok L; Huang JW; Ilkit M; Jacobs A; Jacobs K; Jiang C; del Mar Jimenez-Gasco M; Kang S; Kasson MT; Kazan K; Kennell JC; Kim HS; Corby Kistler H; Kuldau GA; Kulik T; Kurzai O; Laraba I; Laurence MH; Lee T; Lee YW; Lee YH; Leslie JF; Liew ECY; Lofton LW; Logrieco AF; Lopez-Berges MS; Luque AG; Lysøe E; Ma LJ; Marra RE; Martin FN; May SR; McCormick SP; McGee C; Meis JF; Migheli Q; Mohamed Nor NMI; Monod M; Moretti A; Mostert D; Mule G, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Geiser DM; Al-Hatmi AMS; Aoki T; Arie T; Balmas V; Barnes I; Bergstrom GC; Bhattacharyya MK; Blomquist CL; Bowden RL; Brankovics B; Brown DW; Burgess LW; Bushley K; Busman M; Cano-Lira JF; Carrillo JD; Chang HX; Chen CY; Chen W; Chilvers M; Chulze S; Coleman JJ; Cuomo CA; Wilhelm de Beer Z; Sybren de Hoog G; Castillo-Munera JD; Del Ponte EM; Dieguez-Uribeondo J; Pietro AD; Edel-Hermann V; Elmer WH; Epstein L; Eskalen A; Esposto MC; Everts KL; Fernandez-Pavıa SP; da Silva GF; Foroud NA; Fourie G; Frandsen RJN; Freeman S; Freitag M; Frenkel O; Fuller KK; Gagkaeva T; Gardiner DM; Glenn AE; Gold SE; Gordon TR; Gregory NF; Gryzenhout M; Guarro J; Gugino BK; Gutierrez S; Hammond-Kosack KE; Harris LJ; Homa M; Hong CF; Hornok L; Huang JW; Ilkit M; Jacobs A; Jacobs K; Jiang C; del Mar Jimenez-Gasco M; Kang S; Kasson MT; Kazan K; Kennell JC; Kim HS; Corby Kistler H; Kuldau GA; Kulik T; Kurzai O; Laraba I; Laurence MH; Lee T; Lee YW; Lee YH; Leslie JF; Liew ECY; Lofton LW; Logrieco AF; Lopez-Berges MS; Luque AG; Lysøe E; Ma LJ; Marra RE; Martin FN; May SR; McCormick SP; McGee C; Meis JF; Migheli Q; Mohamed Nor NMI; Monod M; Moretti A; Mostert D; Mule G

Abstract

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user’s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.

Published
2021

30. Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins in wheat: Prevention and control strategies across the food chain

Author

Torres, A. M., Palacios, S. A., Yerkovich, N., Palazzini, J. M., Battilani, Paola, Leslie, J. F., Logrieco, A. F., Chulze, S. N., Battilani P. (ORCID:0000-0003-1287-1711), Torres, A. M., Palacios, S. A., Yerkovich, N., Palazzini, J. M., Battilani, Paola, Leslie, J. F., Logrieco, A. F., Chulze, S. N., and Battilani P. (ORCID:0000-0003-1287-1711)

Abstract

With 744 million metric tons produced in 2017/2018, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) are the second most widely produced cereal on a global basis. Prevention or control of wheat diseases may have an enormous impact on global food security and safety. Fusarium head blight is an economically debilitating disease of wheat that reduces the quantity and quality of grain harvested, and may lead to contamination with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, which affects the health of humans and domesticated animals. Current climate change scenarios predict an increase in the number of epidemics caused by this disease. Multiple strategies are available for managing the disease including cultural practices, planting less-susceptible cultivars, crop rotation, and chemical and biological controls. None of these strategies, however, is completely effective by itself, and an integrated approach incorporating multiple controls simultaneously is the only effective strategy to limit the disease and reduce deoxynivalenol contamination in human food and animal feed chains. This review identifies the available tools and strategies for mitigating the damage that can result from Fusarium head blight.

Published
2019

35. The mycotox charter: Increasing awareness of, and concerted action for, minimizing mycotoxin exposure worldwide

Author

Logrieco, A.F. (Antonio F.), Miller, JD (J. David), Eskola, M. (Mari), Krska, R. (Rudolf), Ayalew, A. (Amare), Bandyopadhyay, R. (Ranajit), Battilani, P. (Paola), Bhatnagar, D. (Deepak), Chulze, S. (Sofia), De Saeger, S. (Sarah), Li, P. (Peiwu), Perrone, G. (Giancarlo), Poapolathep, A. (Amnart), Rahayu, E.S. (Endang S.), Shephard, G.S. (Gordon S.), Stepman, F. (François), Zhang, H. (Hao), Leslie, J.F. (John F.), Logrieco, A.F. (Antonio F.), Miller, JD (J. David), Eskola, M. (Mari), Krska, R. (Rudolf), Ayalew, A. (Amare), Bandyopadhyay, R. (Ranajit), Battilani, P. (Paola), Bhatnagar, D. (Deepak), Chulze, S. (Sofia), De Saeger, S. (Sarah), Li, P. (Peiwu), Perrone, G. (Giancarlo), Poapolathep, A. (Amnart), Rahayu, E.S. (Endang S.), Shephard, G.S. (Gordon S.), Stepman, F. (François), Zhang, H. (Hao), and Leslie, J.F. (John F.)

Abstract

Mycotoxins are major food contaminants affecting global food security, especially in low and middle-income countries. The European Union (EU) funded project, MycoKey, focuses on “Integrated and innovative key actions for mycotoxin management in the food and feed chains” and the right to safe food through mycotoxin management strategies and regulation, which are fundamental to minimizing the unequal access to safe and sufficient food worldwide. As part of the MycoKey project, a Mycotoxin Charter (charter.mycokey.eu) was launched to share the need for global harmonization of mycotoxin legislation and policies and to minimize human and animal exposure worldwide, with particular attention to less developed countries that lack effective legislation. This document is in response to a demand that has built through previous European Framework Projects—MycoGlobe and MycoRed—in the previous decade to control and reduce mycotoxin contamination worldwide. All suppliers, participants and beneficiaries of the food supply chain, for example, farmers, consumers, stakeholders, researchers, members of civil society and government and so forth, are invited to sign this charter and to support this initiative.

Published
2018
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36. MycoKey Round Table Discussions of Future Directions in Research on Chemical Detection Methods, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mycotoxins

Author

Leslie, J. F., Lattanzio, V., Audenaert, K., Battilani, P., Cary, J., Chulze, S., De Saeger, S., Gerardino, A., Karlovsky, P., Yu-cai, Liao, Maragos, C., Meca, G., Medina, Á., Moretti, A., Munkvold, G., Mulè, G., Berka Njobeh, P., Pecorelli, I., Perrone, G., Pietri, P., Palazzini, J. M., Proctor, R., Endang, Rahayu, Ramirez, M., Samson, R., Stroka, J., Sulyok, M., Sumarah, M., Waalwijk, C., Qi, Zhang, Zhang, Hao, Logrieco, A. F., Battilani P. (ORCID:0000-0003-1287-1711), Leslie, J. F., Lattanzio, V., Audenaert, K., Battilani, P., Cary, J., Chulze, S., De Saeger, S., Gerardino, A., Karlovsky, P., Yu-cai, Liao, Maragos, C., Meca, G., Medina, Á., Moretti, A., Munkvold, G., Mulè, G., Berka Njobeh, P., Pecorelli, I., Perrone, G., Pietri, P., Palazzini, J. M., Proctor, R., Endang, Rahayu, Ramirez, M., Samson, R., Stroka, J., Sulyok, M., Sumarah, M., Waalwijk, C., Qi, Zhang, Zhang, Hao, Logrieco, A. F., and Battilani P. (ORCID:0000-0003-1287-1711)

Abstract

View references (7) MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, includes a series of “Roundtable Discussions” to gather information on trending research areas in the field of mycotoxicology. This paper includes summaries of the Roundtable Discussions on Chemical Detection and Monitoring of mycotoxins and on the role of genetics and biodiversity in mycotoxin production. Discussions were managed by using the nominal group discussion technique, which generates numerous ideas and provides a ranking for those identified as the most important. Four questions were posed for each research area, as well as two questions that were common to both discussions. Test kits, usually antibody based, were one major focus of the discussions at the Chemical Detection and Monitoring roundtable because of their many favorable features, e.g., cost, speed and ease of use. The second area of focus for this roundtable was multi-mycotoxin detection protocols and the challenges still to be met to enable these protocols to become methods of choice for regulated mycotoxins. For the genetic and biodiversity group, both the depth and the breadth of trending research areas were notable. For some areas, e.g., microbiome studies, the suggested research questions were primarily of a descriptive nature. In other areas, multiple experimental approaches, e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, RNAi and gene deletions, are needed to understand the regulation of toxin production and mechanisms underlying successful biological controls. Answers to the research questions will provide starting points for developing acceptable prevention and remediation processes. Forging a partnership between scientists and appropriately-placed communications experts was recognized by both groups as an essential step to communicating risks, while retaining overall confidence in the safety of the food supply and the integrity of the food production chain.

Published
2018

44. Predictive model: current knowledge and MycoRed contribution

Author

Battilani, Paola, Bandyopadhyay, R., Amra, H., Camardo Leggieri, Marco, Chulze, S. N., Dzantiev, B., Magan, N., Makuku, G., Mesterházy, A., Moretti, A., Ozer, H., Sanchis, V., and Logrieco, A.

Subjects
modelling, Settore AGR/12 - PATOLOGIA VEGETALE
Published
2013

45. Letter to the Editor : One Fungus, One Name: Defining the Genus Fusarium in a Scientifically Robust Way That Preserves Longstanding Use

Author

Geiser, D.M., Aoki, T., Bacon, C.W., Baker, S.E., Bhattacharyya, M.K., Brandt, M.E., Brown, D.W., Burgess, L.W., Chulze, S., Coleman, J.J., Correll, J.C., Covert, S.F., Crous, P.W., and Waalwijk, C.

Subjects
genera, taxonomy, EPS-4, Laboratory of Phytopathology, solani species complex, sudden-death syndrome, phylogeny, Bioint Diagnostics, Food Safety & Phyt. Research, reveals, tucumaniae, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie
Abstract

In this letter, we advocate recognizing the genus Fusarium as the sole name for a group that includes virtually all Fusarium species of importance in plant pathology, mycotoxicology, medicine, and basic research. This phylogenetically guided circumscription will free scientists from any obligation to use other genus names, including teleomorphs, for species nested within this clade, and preserve the application of the name Fusarium in the way it has been used for almost a century. Due to recent changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this is an urgent matter that requires community attention. The alternative is to break the longstanding concept of Fusarium into nine or more genera, and remove important taxa such as those in the F. solani species complex from the genus, a move we believe is unnecessary. Here we present taxonomic and nomenclatural proposals that will preserve established research connections and facilitate communication within and between research communities, and at the same time support strong scientific principles and good taxonomic practice.

Published
2013

46. Tolerance of triazole‐based fungicides by biocontrol agents used to control <italic>Fusarium</italic> head blight in wheat in Argentina.

Author

Palazzini, J. M., Torres, A. M., and Chulze, S. N.

Subjects
WHEAT fusarium culmorum head blight, TRIAZOLES, BIOLOGICAL control of fungi, FUNGICIDES, WHEAT yields
Abstract

Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat around the world. Fungicide application and breeding for resistance are among the most important tools to counteract FHB. Biological control is an additional tool that can be used as part of an integrated management of FHB. Bacillus velezensisRC 218, Brevibacillus sp. RC 263 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B were selected by their potential to control FHB and deoxynivalenol production. The aim of this work was to test the tolerance of these biocontrol agents to triazole‐based fungicides such as prothioconazole, tebuconazole and metconazole. Bacterial growth was evaluated in Petri dishes using the spread plating technique containing the different fungicides. Bacillus velezensisRC 218 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B showed better tolerance to fungicides than Brevibacillus sp. RC 263. Complete growth inhibition was observed at concentrations of 20 μg ml−1 for metconazole, 40 μg ml−1 for tebuconazole and 80 μg ml−1 for prothioconazole. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using these biocontrol agents in combination with fungicides as part of an integrated management to control FHB of wheat. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study evaluates the possibility to use biocontrol agents (Bacillus velezensisRC 218, Brevibacillus sp. RC 263 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B) in combination with triazole‐based fungicides to control Fusarium head blight in wheat. The evaluation of biocontrol agents′ growth under in vitro conditions was carried out in Petri dishes containing either prothioconazole, tebuconazole or metconazole. Viability studies demonstrated that B. velezensisRC 218 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B were more tolerant to the fungicides evaluated. Results obtained reflect the possibility to use fungicides at low doses combined with biocontrol agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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50. Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum and F. meridionale on soybean pod blight and trichothecene accumulation.

Author

Chiotta, M. L., Alaniz Zanon, M. S., Palazzini, J. M., Scandiani, M. M., Formento, A. N., Barros, G. G., and Chulze, S. N.

Subjects
MICROBIAL virulence, FUSARIUM diseases of plants, TRICHOTHECENES, SOYBEAN diseases & pests, BLIGHT diseases (Botany)
Abstract

Soybean ( Glycine max) is the most important crop in Argentina. At present Fusarium graminearum is recognized as a primary pathogen of soybean in several countries in the Americas, mainly causing seed and root rot and pre- and post-emergence damping off. However, no information about infections at later growth stages of soybean development and pathogenicity of F. graminearum species complex is available. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare the pathogenicity of F. graminearum and F. meridionale isolates towards soybean under field conditions and to evaluate the degree of pathogenicity and trichothecene production of these two phylogenetic species that express different chemotypes. Six isolates of F. graminearum and F. meridionale were evaluated during 2012/13 and 2013/14 soybean growing seasons for pod blight severity, percentage of seed infected in pods and kernel weight reduction. The results showed a higher aggressiveness of both F. graminearum and F. meridionale species during the 2013/14 season. However, the differences in pathogenicity observed between the seasons were not reflected in a distinct trichothecene concentration in soybean seeds at maturity. Fusarium meridionale isolates showed similar pathogenicity to F. graminearum isolates but they were not able to produce this toxin in planta during the two field trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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