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The explicit identification of CD8+ T cell subpopulation is important for deciphering the role of CD8+ T cells for protecting our body against invading pathogens and cancer. Our generated monoclonal antibody (mAb), named FE‐1H10, recognized two novel subpopulations of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells, FE‐1H10+ and FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells. The molecule recognized by mAb FE‐1H10 (FE‐1H10 molecules) had a higher distribution on effector memory CD8+ T cell subsets. The functions of FE‐1H10− and FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells were investigated. T cell proliferation assays revealed that FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells exhibited a higher proliferation rate than FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells, whereas FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells produced higher levels of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α than FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells. In T cell cytotoxicity assays, FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells were able to kill target cells better than FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells. RNA‐sequencing analysis confirmed that these subpopulations were distinct: FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells have higher expression of genes involved in effector functions (IFNG, TNF, GZMB, PRF1, GNLY, FASL, CX3CR1) while FE‐1H10− CD8+ T cells have greater expression of genes related to memory CD8+ T cell populations (CCR7, SELL, TCF7, CD40LG). The results suggested that mAb FE‐1H10 identifies two novel distinctive CD8+ T cell subpopulations. The FE‐1H10+ CD8+ T cells carried a superior functionality in response to tumour cells. The uncover of these novel CD8+ T cell subpopulations may be the basis knowledge of an optional immunotherapy for the selection of potential CD8+ T cells in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explicit identification of CD8 + T cell subpopulation is important for deciphering the role of CD8 + T cells for protecting our body against invading pathogens and cancer. Our generated monoclonal antibody (mAb), named FE-1H10, recognized two novel subpopulations of peripheral blood CD8 + T cells, FE-1H10 + and FE-1H10 - CD8 + T cells. The molecule recognized by mAb FE-1H10 (FE-1H10 molecules) had a higher distribution on effector memory CD8 + T cell subsets. The functions of FE-1H10 - and FE-1H10 + CD8 + T cells were investigated. T cell proliferation assays revealed that FE-1H10 - CD8 + T cells exhibited a higher proliferation rate than FE-1H10 + CD8 + T cells, whereas FE-1H10 + CD8 + T cells produced higher levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α than FE-1H10 - CD8 + T cells. In T cell cytotoxicity assays, FE-1H10 + CD8 + T cells were able to kill target cells better than FE-1H10 - CD8 + T cells. RNA-sequencing analysis confirmed that these subpopulations were distinct: FE-1H10 + CD8 + T cells have higher expression of genes involved in effector functions (IFNG, TNF, GZMB, PRF1, GNLY, FASL, CX3CR1) while FE-1H10 - CD8 + T cells have greater expression of genes related to memory CD8 + T cell populations (CCR7, SELL, TCF7, CD40LG). The results suggested that mAb FE-1H10 identifies two novel distinctive CD8 + T cell subpopulations. The FE-1H10 + CD8 + T cells carried a superior functionality in response to tumour cells. The uncover of these novel CD8 + T cell subpopulations may be the basis knowledge of an optional immunotherapy for the selection of potential CD8 + T cells in cancer treatment., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The concept of heterologous vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been adopted in Thailand with limited data on the induction of humoral and cellular immunity, particularly the CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1 (CoVac/ChAd) regimen in the elderly., Objective: In this study, the immune responses of the elderly induced by heterologous CoVac/ChAd and homologous ChAdOx-1 (ChAd/ChAd) vaccinations were demonstrated., Methods: A prospective observational study involving healthy participants aged ≥ 60 years who received heterologous CoVac/ChAd or homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination was conducted. Surrogate neutralizing antibody (NAb) and T-cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT) and variants of concern were determined at pre and post vaccinations., Results: At 4 and 12 weeks after heterologous or homologous vaccination, the NAb levels against WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants between each group were not significantly different, except for significant lower NAb against the Beta variant in heterologous group at 12 weeks after vaccination. The NAb against the Omicron at 4 weeks post-vaccination were below the cutoff level for antibody detection in both groups. However, higher spike-specific CD4 T cell producing IFN-γ and TNF-α in the heterologous than the homologous vaccination were observed. Insignificant difference of cellular immune responses to spike-peptides of Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants and their WT homologues was demonstrated., Conclusions: In the elderly, heterologous CoVac/ChAd vaccination could induce NAb response against the WT and non-Omicron variants not different from the homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination. Both regimens could not give adequate NAb of the Omicron strain. The heterologous vaccination, however, induced higher spike-specific Th1 cell response.