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In rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.), lipid transfer protein (LTP) and seed storage albumin (SSA) gene families are involved in lipid and protein metabolism. Understanding the mechanism of oil biosynthesis has great value to increase oil production. The LTPs and SSA gene families were identified of Brassicaceae. The LTPs were divided into six groups according to their sequences, and LTPs of all five species in Brassicaceae also had the same pattern. The genes at a higher expression level were evenly distributed across five groups except group ii. The gene groups in these two gene families showed different expression patterns, with most of the LTP genes expressed at a higher level at 25 days after flowering (DAF), but SSA genes were highly expressed at 40 DAF stage. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the regulatory genes for LTPs also was performed, including response to biotic stimulus (GO:0009607), generation of precursor metabolites and energy (GO:0006091), electron transport chain (GO:0022900), oxidative phosphorylation (GO:0006119), adenosine triphosphate metabolic process (GO:0046034), and phosphorylation (GO:0016310). These results may facilitate further research to understand the expression patterns and regulatory mechanism of LTPs and SSAs.

PurposeConsumer adoption of shared products is a prerequisite for successful commercialization. The purpose of this paper is to explore what innovative characteristics of entity shared products can accommodate consumers' concerns and are likely to motivate adoption of consumers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used a conceptual model that combined the innovation diffusion theory and technology acceptance model to explore shared products adoption. It identified the direct and indirect effects of perceived app ease of use/online, perceived convenience of access/offline, perceived utility advantages and personal innovativeness on shared products adoption intention. Structural equation modeling was used for analyzing the questionnaire data from a sample of 479 users who used entity shared products such as shared cars, shared bicycles and shared power banks for mobile phones.FindingsThe empirical tests indicate that perceived utility advantages based on market innovation, perceived accessibility of usage rights based on technology innovation (including perceived app ease of use/online and perceived convenience of access/offline) and consumer personal innovativeness are the key factors affecting consumer adoption.Originality/valueThis paper constructs an innovation-adoption coupling model of entity shared products to understand shared products usage. The findings provide useful practical guidance for the design and development of shared products and “usage rights economy” business applications.

This study investigates the abundant metaphorical meanings of the term loong (‘dragon’) in Chinese idioms and the cognitive and cultural factors that influence those meanings from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics. To this end, we present a systematic categorisation of the idiomatic expressions involving the term loong in Mandarin Chinese based on three conceptual metaphors: a human being is a loong, a concrete entity is a loong, and an abstract object is a loong. We then elaborate on the cultural conceptualisations of loong from three perspectives: cultural schemas, cultural categories, and cultural metaphors. The results of the study show how the metaphorical conceptualisations of loong are profoundly influenced by Chinese culture. The resulting study is intended to add to the pool of studies which lend support to the view that a fine-grained study of the metaphors of a particular culture and their linguistic realisation can shed light on how culture influences human cognition. Finally, the study calls for a clearer integration of cultural approaches into conceptual metaphor theory and it explores some possibilities in this regard.

The development of supercapacitors with a high energy density and power density is of great importance for the promotion of energy storage technology. In this study, we designed and prepared petal-like CoMoO4 clusters combined with carbon cloth as an excellent self-standing and binder-free electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors. Due to the abundant electrochemical active sites, the promising electron conduction, and ion diffusion rate, the CoMoO4@carbon cloth (CoMoO4@CC) electrode exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance. The results show that the CoMoO4@CC material exhibits a high specific capacitance (664 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g) and an excellent cycle stability (capacitance remains at 84.0% after 1000 cycles). The assembled symmetrical supercapacitor has an energy density of 27 Wh/kg when the power density is 600 W/kg. Even at a higher power density (6022 W/kg), it still maintains a good energy density (18.4 Wh/kg).

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of consumers' perceived product promotion and atmosphere promotion strategies on their participation intention, and the possible interaction between product promotion and atmosphere promotion strategies on their participation intention in online shopping festivals.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conceptualized consumer perception of product promotion strategies of online shopping festivals as Perceived Temptation of Price Promotion, Perceived Categories Richness of Promotion and Perceived Fun of Promotion Activities and atmosphere promotion strategies as Perceived Contagiousness of Mass Participation. Based on the Stimulus-Response Theory, this study constructed an influencing model of promotion strategies on consumer participation intention in online shopping festivals. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares was used for analyzing the data from a sample of 495 consumers to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that Perceived Temptation of Price Promotion, Perceived Categories Richness of Promotion, Perceived Fun of Promotion Activities and Perceived Contagiousness of Mass Participation significantly and positively affect consumer Participation Intention; Perceived Contagiousness of Mass Participation plays a moderating role in the effect of Perceived Temptation of Price Promotion on Participation Intention.Originality/valueThis study is the first empirical attempt to examine the moderating role of atmosphere promotion between product promotion and consumer participation intention in online shopping festivals. The findings provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for e-commerce platforms and merchants for improving their online shopping festival promotion strategies.

Purpose Singles’ Day Online Shopping Festival was originated in China and is characterized by gathering promotions to create consumer shopping atmosphere. Its rapid rise has affected Asia and the world, becoming the world’s largest shopping festival beyond Black Friday. The success of Singles’ Day Online Shopping Festival demonstrates Chinese experience of online shopping festive atmosphere marketing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of Singles’ Day Online Shopping Festival atmosphere and Chinese cultural background, especially Confucian values, on Chinese consumers’ purchase intention in Singles’ Day Online Shopping Festival. Design/methodology/approach This paper conceptualized consumers’ most perceptive atmosphere characteristics as the three dimensions of perceived economic temptation, perceived festival entertainment and perceived mass participation. Taking Confucian values as moderators, based on the stimulus-response theory, this study constructed an influencing factor model of consumer purchase intention in online shopping festival, collected data of 398 Chinese consumers by questionnaire, and used structural equation modeling for hypotheses testing. Findings The results showed that online shopping festival atmosphere and Confucian values affect purchase intention; the two factors of “keeping face” and “listening to others” of Confucian values play moderating roles in the effect of online shopping festival atmosphere on purchase intention. Research limitations/implications The sample of this study was biased toward the young and well-educated consumers; besides, this study focused on young consumers’ purchase intention of online shopping festival, rather than their actual consumption behaviors. Practical implications Confucian values have deeply influenced China and other Asian countries, especially East and Southeast Asian countries. Meanwhile they are the fastest growing regions of e-commerce in the world, the paper provides theoretical basis and reference for the e-commerce enterprises in the Confucian cultural societies to improve the atmosphere marketing of online shopping festivals, and attracts consumers to shop online, having particular significance in shedding light on the Asian “e-commerce Miracle.” Social implications This study found that Singles’ Day purchase intention is dependent on online shopping festival atmosphere stimuli, Confucian values and their interaction. Marketing researchers should consider both online shopping festival atmosphere as a marketing tool and the influence of consumer cultural values, so as to help e-commerce platforms and e-commerce merchants establish shopping festival marketing strategies that suit consumers’ cultural values. Originality/value This paper addressed an interesting practical issue related to the effects of online shopping festival atmosphere stimuli and cultural values on consumer online purchase intention.

The effective treatment of hospital sewage is crucial to human health and eco-environment, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. In this study, a demonstration project of actual hospital sewage using electron beam technology was established as advanced treatment process during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei, China in July 2020. The results indicated that electron beam radiation could effectively remove COD, pathogenic bacteria and viruses in hospital sewage. The continuous monitoring date showed that the effluent COD concentration after electron beam treatment was stably below 30 mg/L, and the concentration of fecal Escherichia coli was below 50 MPN/L, when the absorbed dose was 4 kGy. Electron beam radiation was also an effective method for inactivating viruses. Compared to the inactivation of fecal Escherichia coli, higher absorbed dose was required for the inactivation of virus. Absorbed dose had different effect on the removal of virus. When the absorbed dose ranged from 30 to 50 kGy, Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Astrovirus (ASV) could be completely removed by electron beam treatment. For Rotavirus (RV) and Enterovirus (EV) virus, the removal efficiency firstly increased and then decreased. The maximum removal efficiency of RV and EV was 98.90% and 88.49%, respectively. For the Norovirus (NVLII) virus, the maximum removal efficiency was 81.58%. This study firstly reported the performance of electron beam in the removal of COD, fecal Escherichia coli and virus in the actual hospital sewage, which would provide useful information for the application of electron beam technology in the treatment of hospital sewage.

In this study, Co

Anabaena flos-aquae, a typical species of cyanobacterial bloom, was employed as a useful biosorbent for uranium removal. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of different parameters on the uranium uptake amount of Anabaena flos-aquae. The maximum adsorption capacity of 196.4 mg/g was obtained under the optimized experimental conditions. The calculations of kinetic and thermodynamic results proved the adsorption process was endothermic, chemisorption, and spontaneous. The adsorption of uranium onto Anabaena flos-aquae was better defined by the Langmuir model, which indicated the process was a monolayer sorption. In addition, the characterization of the biosorbent before and after uranium sorption implied that the dominant functional groups participated in the uranium adsorption process were hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl. In conclusion, the environmentally friendly and biocompatible characteristics of Anabaena flos-aquae suggest that it can be a promising biosorbent for uranium removal.

Tung tree (Vernicia fordii Hemsl.), widely distributed in China, is a major potential source of biofuel. Exploration of the lipid biosynthesis regulatory network is essential for increasing tung tree lipid yield and its economic value. LncRNAs play significant regulatory roles in many different biological processes in plants. In this study, the profile and differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs were evaluated in tung tree seeds in two lipid accumulation phases using high-throughput sequencing technologies. GO function analysis of the protein-coding genes revealed that the majority of up-regulated genes were enriched in the categories of carbohydrate transport (GO:0008643), positive regulation of seed germination (GO:0010030), seed oilbody biogenesis (GO:0010344) and lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629). Network analysis showed that 177 up-regulated lncRNAs might regulate 1290 target genes. GO function analysis was performed on the lncRNA up-regulated target genes, revealed that the lipid particle organization (GO:0034389) was enriched in the biological process. Associated chromatin interactions between lncRNAs and mRNAs were conducted according to Hi-C data. A total of 68 lncRNAs and 46 genes were included in the lipid biosynthesis regulatory network, which provides useful information to reveal the interaction between lncRNAs and coding genes related to lipid biosynthesis in tung tree.

Phytoremediation is an economic and promising technique for removing toxic pollutants from the environment. Freshwater sediments are regarded as the ultimate sink of the widely used PBDE congener decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in the environment. In the study, the aquatic macrophyte Scirpus validus was selected to remove BDE-209 from three types of sediments (silt, clay, and sand) at an environmentally relevant concentration. After 18 months of phytoremediation experiment, S. validus significantly enhanced the dissipation rates of BDE-209 in all the sediments compared to the controls. Average removal rates of BDE-209 in the three treatments of silt, clay, and sandy sediments with S. validus were respectively 92.84, 84.04, and 72.22%, which were 148, 197, and 233% higher than that in the control sediments without S. validus. In the phytoremediation process, the macrophyte-rhizosphere microbe combined degradation was the main pathway of BDE-209 removal. Sixteen lower brominated PBDE congeners (di- to nona-) were detected in the sediments and plant tissues, confirming metabolic debromination of BDE-209 in S. validus. A relatively higher proportion of penta- and di-BDE congeners among the metabolites in plant tissues than that in the sediments indicated further debromination of PBDEs within plants. The populations and activities of microorganisms in the sediments were greatly promoted by S. validus. Bacterial community structure in BDE-209-contaminated rhizosphere sediments was different from that in the control rhizosphere sediment, as indicated by the dominant proportions of β-proteobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, α-proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi in the microbial flora. All these results suggested that S. validus was effective in phytoremediation of BDE-209 by the macrophyte-rhizosphere microbe combined degradation in aquatic sediments.

The lake ecosystems on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China have degraded in recent decades under the effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change. The human impact on the oligotrophic Lugu Lake aquatic ecosystem was evaluated using the sediment records of metals, nitrogen isotopes (&delta, 15N) and magnetic susceptibility over the past 200 years. Three periods were identified based on the trace metal and &delta, 15N records. During the first stage (1816&ndash, 1976 AD), the concentrations of metals, &delta, 15N and magnetic susceptibility were low with small variations. The anthropogenic contributions to the inputs were also small, except for Ni, reflecting minor human activities in the watershed, and no significant change was observed in the sediment record of the diatom assemblage. During the second stage (1976&ndash, 2001 AD), the concentrations of Zn and &delta, 15N increased, as well as the anthropogenic contribution of Zn. However, no significant change was detected in the anthropogenic sources of the other metals. These results reflect the low-level use of chemical fertilizers. The major shift in the sediment diatom assemblage during this stage was mainly attributed to regional climate change. During the third stage (2001&ndash, 2010 AD), the concentrations of the sedimentary metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Hg and Al) increased rapidly, with the exception of As and Zn, and a similar increasing trend was observed in the changes by anthropogenic sources of Ni, Cr, Mn and Cu. RDA (Redundancy Analysis) and variance partitioning analysis showed that the human impact and climate proxies independently explained 31.59% and 4.26% of the change of diatom community, respectively, and the interaction between climate change and human impact accounted for 18.61% of the change of diatom community. Tourism-dominated human activities, which were reflected in the metals profiles, facilitated the dominance of eutrophic species and reduced that of oligotrophic species. The development of tourism was likely the main driving force for the succession of diatom assemblages in the third stage. In summary, the anthropogenic input of trace metals in Lugu Lake is still at a low level. However, the significant growth trend in metals over the past decade is significantly related to the change in the lake ecosystem. Therefore, the effects of human activities, especially tourism, on the watershed should be controlled for the protection of the oligotrophic Lugu Lake.

A mean annual temperature increase has been recorded on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau of China during the last century. This temperature increase has been significantly greater since the 1950s. Thus, paleolimnological analyses may be utilized to better understand ecological responses to recent changing climate over decadal to centennial timescales, especially in regions with sparse lake monitoring data. Here, we present paleolimnological results from a 210Pb/137Cs-dated sediment core spanning approximately the last ~250 years from a remote, alpine, semi-closed oligotrophic lake (Lugu Lake) on the northwestern Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. Sediment profiles of diatoms, geochemical variables (LOI550, TOC and C/N) and median grain size were analyzed and compared with the climate data (1951 AD–2010 AD) from the Lijiang weather station. Endogenous productivity of Lugu Lake has increased gradually over the last 30 years. The majority of diatom taxa encountered in the core are typical of alkaline oligotrophic lakes. Diatom assemblages were dominated by Cyclostephanos dubius, Cyclotella taxa, and fragilarioid taxa. Diatom species composition has changed significantly with three assemblage shifts at different scales over the ~250-year period. Diatom species diversity reveals a distinct increase before ~1970 AD, followed by a decline. In addition, a decreasing trend in diatom cell-size was consistent with recent warming trends. Redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that regional air temperature trends (annual, spring, summer, and winter) have played a significant role (p

Bioflocculants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated under axenic conditions. C. reinhardtii was found to produce significant amounts of bioflocculants. Flocculating activity by C. reinhardtii began in the linear phase of growth and continued until the end of the stationary phase. The highest flocculating efficiency of the culture broth was 97.06%. The purified C. reinhardtii bioflocculant was composed of 42.1% (w/w) proteins, 48.3% carbohydrates, 8.7% lipids, and 0.01% nucleic acid. The optimum condition for bioflocculant production of C. reinhardtii was as follows: under temperature of 15A degrees C to 25A degrees C, pH 6-10 and illumination of 40-60 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). The bioflocculants produced by C. reinhardtii showed maximum activity in pH ranges from 2 to 10. The flocculating activity was significantly enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 as a co-flocculant at an optimal concentration of 4.5 mM.

The density of states and thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas system trapped in a generic power-law potential in an n-dimensional space are studied. A unified description for the Bose, Fermi and classical gases is given by using the grand potential of the system. Consequently, not only the results in current textbooks of statistical mechanics but also some new general important conclusions, such as the conditions for the occurence of Bose-Eisntein condensation in a trapped Bose system in any dimensional space, can be derived directly using the results of this paper.

The properties of a trapped ideal Bose gas in n-dimensional space are studied. General analytic expressions of the critical temperature Tc of Bose-Einstein condensation, the jump of heat capacity at Tc and the fraction of condensation at temperatures below Tc have been derived. How these physical quantities depend on the external potential, particle characteristics and space dimensionality are discussed. We find that when a proper external potential is taken, Bose-Einstein condensation may occur in any dimensional space.

The properties of an ideal Fermi gas in an external potential in any dimensional space are studied, based on the semiclassical (Thomas-Fermi) approximation. The general analytical expressions of the total particle number $N,$ density of states $D(\ensuremath{\varepsilon}),$ Fermi energy ${E}_{F},$ total energy $E,$ and heat capacity $C$ have been derived, where $N,$ $E,$ and $C$ are expressed by the Fermi integration. Moreover, the analytical expressions of the total energy $E,$ chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu}, and heat capacity $C$ in the high- and low-temperature approximations are given. From these results, how the characteristics of the Fermi gas depend on an external potential and the dimension of space is discussed.

Valence force field model has been constructed for lattice dynamics of ?-Si3N4. The values of force constants were determined by fitting the phonon frequencies of ? point to experimentally observed Raman spectra. The phonon dispersion curves in several principal directions in Brillouin zone, the total density of states and some phonon related physical properties were calculated.

Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal Bose gas trapped in any-dimensional space is studied for the finite particle number effects. The corrections of statistical properties due to the finite particle number effects are obtained. We find that these corrections are more significant for the low-energy excited states which are the focus of our interest. We also find that the asymmetry of the external potential intensifies these effects.

An ideal gas trapped in a generic power-law potential in any dimensional space is studied. The density of states of this system is derived. Both Fermi and Bose gases are discussed, and their properties are derived straightforwardly from the density of states.

The quantum-mechanical two-body problem with hard-sphere interaction in any-dimensional space is studied by means of Fermi's pseudopotential. A unified pseudopotential operator is obtained for the interactions in different space dimensionalities.

Electron structure of silicon nitride β-Si3N4 was calculated by LMTO-ASA method cooperated with the use of Lowdin perturbation technique that saved computation time considerably. The results are in good agreement with that of ab initio pseudopotential method and indicate that appropriate setting of empty spheres is especially important for a crystal with a widely open structure.