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Short Commentary titled: Elderly for Dementia - “Mahjong”

Letter to Editor titled "TaiChi" Exercise for Elderly Care

Background: First-line chemotherapeutic agents have great activation treatment in cancers, but the side effect of these kind drugs also hurt the healthy cells, in some cases, cancer cells are induced drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The molecular mechanisms underlying such side effect have been studied in a range of cancer types, yet little is known in depressing the adverse effect of chemotherapeutic drugs by targeting BRD9 in gastric cancers. Methods: We used two gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803 and AGS) for comparison. We applied molecular and cellular techniques to measure cell survival, mRNA expression, investigated clinical data in the consensus of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and combined with the High-Throughput Sequencing approach in MGC-803 cells and AGS cells, for global gene expression analysis in inhibiting BRD9 conditions. Results: Our studies have shown that cancer cells with BRD9 over-expression, MGC-803 cells, are more sensitive to BRD9 inhibitors, BI9564 or BI7273, than AGS cells. Its mechanism is related to the regulation of CACNA2D4 and CALML6 oncogenes in the Oxytocin signaling pathway. And BRD9 inhibitors can enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells to adriamycin and cisplatin, so we may reduce the dosage of chemotherapeutic agents in curing gastric cancers with BRD9 over-expression by combining BI9564 or BI7273 with adriamycin or cisplatin. Conclusions: Our study elucidates the feasibility and effectiveness of inhibiting BRD9 to reduce the adverse effect of first-line chemotherapeutic agents in treating over-expressed BRD9 gastric cancer, providing a scientific theoretical basis on chemotherapy regimen in over-expressed BRD9 gastric cancer.

The present study has focused on the effects of hypericin (Hyp) based photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Escherichia coli (E. coli). To evaluate the efficiency of Hyp based PDI of E. coli, single factor experiments and response surface optimization experiment were conducted to obtain the optimum parameter values (36 µM Hyp, 5.9 J cm−2 light dose: 16.4 mW cm−2, 60 W, 260 s, 590 nm and 68 min incubation time) and finally achieved a 4.1 log CFU mL−1 decrease of E. coli. Cell-Hyp interaction and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected by fluorescence spectrometric photometer. Data indicated that Hyp possessed a strong ability to bind with cells. In addition, a significant increase was observed in intracellular ROS level after Hyp-based photosensitization treatment. Therefore, Hyp-based photosensitization seems to be a promising method to efficiently inactivate E. coli. It is expected to be a safe, efficient, low cost and practical method which can be applied in the field of food safety.

Photodynamic treatment (PDT) is an innovative technology with non-thermal and environmentally sound merits, but the evaluation on the storage qualities of fresh produce was scarce. In this study, the effects of curcumin-based PDT on the quality of fresh-cut ‘Fuji’ apple slices during storage at 4 °C were investigated. The impacts on the survival of Escherichia coli, color and weight loss were examined under different curcumin concentrations, illumination time or incubation time. Curcumin-based photodynamic inactivation of E. coli on the surface of apple slices reached 0.95 log. Curcumin-based PDT was proven to prevent browning and weight loss. Additionally, PDT significantly reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidases to 48% and 51%, respectively. Moreover, there were few negative changes in total phenolic, ascorbic acid content and anti-oxidant activity of the treated apples. These results indicated that curcumin-based PDT was a viable and promising non-thermal technology to preserve the quality of fresh produce.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers, and exploring novel therapeutic modalities will improve the clinical outcomes. It has been confirmed that photodynamic therapy can efficiently deactivate malignant cells. The aim of the present study was to explore the photodynamic effects of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa) in CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.CNE2 cells were subjected to photodynamic therapy with MPPa, in which the drug concentration was 0.25 to 4 microM and light energy 1 to 8 J/cm(2). Photodynamic toxicity was investigated 24 h after treatment. Apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC and propidum iodine staining and with nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258. The mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) was evaluated by Rhodamine 123 assay.There was no dark cytotoxicity of MPPa in the CNE2 cells at doses of 0.25-4 microM, and MPPa resulted in dose- and light-dependent phototoxicity. The apoptotic rate 8 h after PDT with MPPa (2 microM) increased to 16.43% under a light energy of 2 J/cm(2). Mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) collapsed when the CNE2 cells were exposed to 2 microM MPPa for 20 h and then 2 J/cm(2) irradiation.Photodynamic therapy with MPPa significantly enhanced apoptosis and the collapse of DeltaPsim. This can be developed for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.