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Current electronic voting protocol require a centralized system to control the whole procedure from ballot inputs to result outputs and election monitoring. Meanwhile, blockchain technology provide a decentralized system which open across the whole network of untrusted participants. Applying blockchain technology into electronic voting protocol through a proper architecture can instil characteristic such as data confidentiality, data integrity and data authenticity. In this paper, we going to discuss a proposed method on how to leverage the advantages from blockchain into electronic voting protocol. This blockchain-based electronic voting protocol promise to provide a secure electronic election process given the proposed system works. We implement a protocol using blockchain to turn election protocol into an automated control system without relying any single point of entity. Lastly, we discuss the characteristics of our proposed blockchain-based electronic voting protocol in this paper. However, there are also emerging challenges and limitations awaiting to overcome. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of our proposed protocol.

Login is one of the important security features in online banking. This research investigates the mechanism for an existing online banking in Malaysia including the design of the login mechanism, the encryption algorithm used for the password and the security level of the login mechanism. This research provides a result of analyzing data between five online banking in terms of their security features. These analyzing data will be used for proposing secure password encryption in online banking. The mathematic is used to evaluate the security level for these secure login applications. Output from the mathematical analysis is the probability that the adversary may break the security of login application.

Multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks (MRMC-WMNs) in recent years are considered as the prioritized choice for users due to its low cost and reliability. MRMC-WMNs is recently been deployed widely across the world but still these kinds of networks face interference problems among WMN links. One of the well-known interference issue is information asymmetry (IA). In case of information asymmetry interference the source mesh nodes of different mesh links cannot sense each other before transmitting data on the same frequency channel. This non-coordination leads to data collision and packet loss of data flow and hence degrades the network capacity. To maximize the MRMC-WMN capacity and minimize IA interference, various schemes for optimal channel assignment have been proposed already. In this research a novel and near-optimal channel assignment model called Information Asymmetry Minimization (IAM) model is proposed based on integer linear programming. The proposed IAM model optimally assigns orthogonal or non-overlapping channels from IEEE 802.11b technology to various MRMC-WMN links. Through extensive simulations we show that our proposed model gives 28.31% network aggregate network capacity improvement over the existing channel assignment model.

The need of keeping information securely began thousands of years. The practice to keep the information securely is by scrambling the message into unreadable form namely ciphertext. This process is called encryption. Decryption is the reverse process of encryption. For the past, historical ciphers are used to perform encryption and decryption process. For example, the common historical ciphers are Hill cipher, Playfair cipher, Random Substitution cipher and Vigenere cipher. This research is carried out to examine and to analyse the security level of these four historical ciphers by using known plaintext frequency statistical attack. The result had shown that Playfair cipher and Hill cipher have better security compare with Vigenere cipher and Random Substitution cipher.

Information security are becoming an important aspect of organizations. Organisations also are progressively conscious of its important in their business strategy. The awareness make organisations are currently applying for information security management system (ISMS) to effectively manage their information assets. Therefore, this research aims to provide an Information Structure Framework for ISMS planning and certification. Then Likert structured questionnaire was distributed and the findings have been analyzed using Rasch Measurement Model (RMM). The results from this study, managed to develop Information Structure Framework for ISMS. The proposed framework consists of information structure focuses on providing the information outline which is structured in a way, in which the components are put together to form a meaningful structure which can be navigated at any time. The framework contributes to the field of ISMS and certification area. The framework provides an awareness on knowing beforehand what to do and to what extent they are already conquering the information needed for getting clear direction and to develop ISMS.

Exchange rate forecasting is important to represent the expectation of exchange rates future values. The forecasting task is due to the economic factor and the historical data used to forecast are exposed to uncertainty and observational error during data collection. The existing auto regression model only deals with uncertainty exist in the model, not in the data preparation. Uncertainties may contained in the data input and should be treated during data preparation which is an early stage of forecasting process. To date, only few researches discuss intensely on a fuzzy data preparation. However, data treatment during data preparation is important to reduce model’s error due to uncertainty problem. Hence, this paper presents an approach to construct Triangular Fuzzy Number to handle uncertainty in data during data preparation. As the Triangular Fuzzy Number is often used to represent uncertain information in a form of interval, this study proposed a procedure to construct Triangular Fuzzy Number from single point data. In this study, the Triangular Fuzzy Number is built in a form of symmetric triangular with 1%, 3% and 5% spread value. Autoregressive model is then used to forecast the exchange rate of Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) countries. The result in this study shows that the forecasting exchange rate is significantly important to trace the movement of ASEAN countries exchange rates and beneficial in forecasting planning.

Protection of sensitive or classified data from unauthorized access, hackers and other personals is virtue. Storage of data is done in devices such as USB, external hard disk, laptops, I-Pad or at cloud. Cloud computing presents with both ups and downs. However, storing information elsewhere increases risk of being attacked by hackers. Besides, the risk of losing the device or being stolen is increased in case of storage in portable devices. There are array of mediums of communications and even emails used to send data or information but these technologies come along with severe weaknesses such as absence of confidentiality where the message sent can be altered and sent to the recipient. No proofs are shown to the recipient that the message received is altered. The recipient would not find out unless he or she checks with the sender. Without encrypted of data or message, sniffing tools and software can be used to hack and read the information since it is in plaintext. Therefore, an electronic mail authentication is proposed, namely Hybrid Encryption System (HES). The security of HES is protected using asymmetric and symmetric key algorithms. The asymmetric algorithm is RSA and symmetric algorithm is Advance Encryption Standard. With the combination for both algorithms in the HES may provide the confidentiality and authenticity to the electronic documents send from the sender to the recipient. In a nutshell, the HES will help users to protect their valuable documentation and data from illegal third party user.

Closed-Circuit TV (CCTV) system is one of the technologies in surveillance field to solve the problem of detection and monitoring by providing extra features such as email alert or motion detection. However, detecting and alerting the admin on CCTV system may complicate due to the complexity to integrate the main program with an external Application Programming Interface (API). In this study, pixel processing algorithm is applied due to its efficiency and SMS alert is added as an alternative solution for users who opted out email alert system or have no Internet connection. A CCTV system with SMS alert (CMDSA) was developed using evolutionary prototyping methodology. The system interface was implemented using Microsoft Visual Studio while the backend components, which are database and coding, were implemented on SQLite database and C# programming language, respectively. The main modules of CMDSA are motion detection, capturing and saving video, image processing and Short Message Service (SMS) alert functi...

In practice, identification of criminal in Malaysia is done through thumbprint identification. However, this type of identification is constrained as most of criminal nowadays getting cleverer not to leave their thumbprint on the scene. With the advent of security technology, cameras especially CCTV have been installed in many public and private areas to provide surveillance activities. The footage of the CCTV can be used to identify suspects on scene. However, because of limited software developed to automatically detect the similarity between photo in the footage and recorded photo of criminals, the law enforce thumbprint identification. In this paper, an automated facial recognition system for criminal database was proposed using known Principal Component Analysis approach. This system will be able to detect face and recognize face automatically. This will help the law enforcements to detect or recognize suspect of the case if no thumbprint present on the scene. The results show that about 80% of input photo can be matched with the template data.

The voting system has been developed from traditional paper ballot to electronic voting (e-voting). The e-voting system has high potential to be widely used in election event. However, the e-voting system still does not meet the most important security properties which are voter’s authenticity and non-repudiation. This is because voters can simply vote again by entering other people’s identification number. In this project, an electronic voting using voter non-repudiation oriented scheme will be developed. This system contains ten modules which are log in, vote session, voter, candidate, open session, voting results, user account, initial score, logs and reset vote count. In order to ensure there would be no non-repudiation issue, a voter non-repudiation oriented scheme concept will be adapted and implemented in the system. This system will be built using Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 which only can be accessed using personal computers at the voting center. This project will be beneficial for future use in order to overcome non-repudiation issue.