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Topic models are often used in modeling unstructured corpora and discrete data to extract the latent topic. As topics are generally expressed in the form of word lists, it is usually difficult for users to understand the meanings of topics, especially when users lack knowledge in the subject area. Although manually labeling topics can generate more explanatory and easily understandable topic labels, the cost is too high for the method to be feasible. Therefore, research on automatic labeling of topic discovered provides solutions to the problem. Firstly, the currently most popular technique, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), is elaborated and analyzed. According to the three different representations of topic labels, based on phrases, abstracts, and pictures, the topic labeling methods are classified into three types. Then, centered on improving the interpretability of topics, with different types of generated topic labels utilized, the relevant research in recent years is sorted out, analyzed, and summarized. The applicable scenarios and usability of different labels are also discussed. Meanwhile, methods are further categorized according to their different characteristics. The focus is placed on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the abstract topic labels generated through lexical-based, submodular optimization, and graph-based methods. The differences between separate methods with respect to the learning types, technologies used, and data sources are then compared. Finally, the existing problems and trend of development of research on automatic topic labeling are discussed. Based on deep learning, integrating with sentiment analysis, and continuously expanding the applicable scenarios of topic labeling, will be the directions of future development.

Dehydrins (DHNs) as the member of the late embryogenesis abundant protein family, play critical roles in seed dehydration protection and plant adaptation to multiple abiotic stresses. As an important method of germplasm preservation, cryopreservation is also an ideal research system to study compound stress. Oxidative stress, as the critical stress in cryopreservation, directly affects cell viability. Our previous in vitro tests indicated that ApY2SK2 DHN can effectively protect enzyme activity and almost double the survival rate of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings after cryopreservation, but the in vivo protective effect of ApY2SK2 on cryopreservation have not yet been elucidated. In this study, ApY2SK2 type DHN was genetically transformed into embryogenic callus (EC) of Agapanthus praecox by overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) techniques to evaluate the in vivo oxidative stress protective effect of DHNs during cryopreservation. The results showed that the cell viability had a completely opposite trend between OE and RNAi cell lines, and the cell relative death ratio of ApY2SK2-OE EC was significantly decreased 18.5% and ApY2SK2-RNAi cells was significantly increased 23.5% after cryopreservation. Overexpression ApY2SK2 increased non-enzymatic antioxidant (AsA and GSH) contents, antioxidant enzyme (POD and SOD) activities and up-regulated CAT, POD and GPX expression, while ApY2SK2-RNAi cells decreased CAT, FeSOD, POD and GPX expression during cryopreservation. These findings suggested that ApY2SK2 can affect ROS metabolism, alleviate H2O2 and OH·excessive generation, activate the antioxidant system, improve cellular REDOX balance and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation damage of plant cells during cryopreservation. DHNs can effectively improve cell stress tolerance and have great potential for in vivo or in vitro applications in plant cryopreservation. Key message: ApY2SK2 dehydrin can affect ROS metabolism, activate the antioxidant system and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation during cryopreservatin leading to high survival rate after recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyrotinib, a novel irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with HER2 alterations in real-world practice., Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of advanced NSCLC with HER2 mutations or amplifications who received pyrotinib-based treatment at the Qilu Hospital in Shandong University was performed. The primary end points were objective response rate and safety. The secondary end points were progression-free survival, disease control rate, and overall survival., Results: Twenty three eligible patients from a single center were enrolled between June 2019 and March 2023; among them, 21 had HER2 mutation and two harbored HER2 amplification. Evaluation of the efficacy in 21 patients revealed an objective response rate of 28.6% (6/21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.5%-49.6%) and disease control rate of 85.7% (18/21). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.7 months (95% CI: 6.07-9.33) and 20.8 months (95% CI: 8.42-33.18), respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) included diarrhea (n = 14, 60.9%), nausea (n = 5, 21.7%), and liver dysfunction (n = 5, 21.7%). Seven patients (7/23, 30.4%) had grade 3-4 AE; no grade 5 AE was observed. Furthermore, one patient (1/23, 4.3%) experienced dose withdrawal and two (2/23, 8.7%) presented with dose reduction symptoms., Conclusion: Pyrotinib-based therapy showed promising antitumor activity and acceptable safety in advanced NSCLC patients with HER2 alterations., (Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.)

Metastatic malignancies of the hand are rare and metastases to the skeletal muscle from the gastrointestinal system are even much rare. Here we present a case of metastatic ileocecal adenocarcinoma to the thenar muscle, which is the first report of thenar muscle metastasis from ileocecal adenocarcinoma with P53 mutation. To date, only two other cases of thenar muscle metastasis have been documented, one is from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and the other is from rectal carcinoma. The present 67-year-old Chinese man of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ileocecal region developed metastatic carcinoma in the right thenar eminence, which presented with swelling and pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the right hand revealed a well-defined enhanced mass in the right thenar muscle. It was proved to be metastatic adenocarcinoma using core needle biopsy, which was supported to be gastrointestinal origination by positive immunoreaction with CDX2. Positive immunoreaction with P53 protein indicated the poor prognosis of the patient. Further systemic evaluation including computerized tomography scans revealed extensive metastases to liver, right kidney, right abdominal wall, left axillary and right subclavicular lymph nodes, and skin of the right thigh. Treatment was given with palliative systemic chemotherapy. After 8 cycles of chemotherapy, the swelling and pain of the right thenar were ameliorated, and the patient regained full use of his right hand and his quality of life was improved. The patient died of liver metastasis 9 months after the diagnosis of the right thenar metastasis. In conclusion, here we display a case of thenar skeletal muscle metastasis from P53 mutated ileocecal adenocarcinoma, who survived 9 months after diagnosis of the rare metastasis. If an oncological patient presents an intramuscular mass, muscle metastasis must be included in the differential diagnosis. Metastatic hand tumors generally indicate systemic spread, so the treatment is usually palliative and the prognosis is poor. The primary objective of treatment is improvement of the patient's quality of life.