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Background The clinical application of flash glucose monitoring system (FGM) is becoming increasingly widespread, which can be continuously monitored for 14 days and does not require fingertip blood correction during wearing, providing a basis for clinical treatment. Therefore, the accuracy of FGM is particularly important. Objective To investigate the effect of human body composition and serum biochemical indicators on the accuracy of FGM sensor. Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in 2022 were selected as the study objects, and their general data was collected through the electronic medical record system. The blood glucose was detected by FGM and compared with intravenous blood glucose, the physical analysis data of patients was collected. Fasting venous blood was collected to analyze hematological parameters. The clinical accuracy of FGM was evaluated by Clarke error grid analysis. The included patients were divided into the accurate group (MARD20%, n=34) according to the matched mean absolute relative difference of blood glucose (MARD). Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of FGM accuracy. Results A total of 694 pairs of blood glucose data were collected. Clarke error grid analysis was performed on the blood glucose values of FGM scans using venous blood glucose as the reference value. The results showed that 82.9% fell in zone A, 16.9% fell in zone B, 99.8% fell in zone A+B, and 0.2% fell in zone D, with an average MARD of 12.7%. MARD and muscle mass in the inaccurate group were higher than those in the accurate group (P

The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in the central nervous system.sup.1. These receptors probably exist as both homo- and heterodimers that have unique pharmacological and functional properties.sup.2-4. Here we report four cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human mGlu subtypes mGlu2 and mGlu7, including inactive mGlu2 and mGlu7 homodimers; mGlu2 homodimer bound to an agonist and a positive allosteric modulator; and inactive mGlu2-mGlu7 heterodimer. We observed a subtype-dependent dimerization mode for these mGlus, as a unique dimer interface that is mediated by helix IV (and that is important for limiting receptor activity) exists only in the inactive mGlu2 structure. The structures provide molecular details of the inter- and intra-subunit conformational changes that are required for receptor activation, which distinguish class C G-protein-coupled receptors from those in classes A and B. Furthermore, our structure and functional studies of the mGlu2-mGlu7 heterodimer suggest that the mGlu7 subunit has a dominant role in controlling dimeric association and G-protein activation in the heterodimer. These insights into mGlu homo- and heterodimers highlight the complex landscape of mGlu dimerization and activation. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of homo- and heterodimers of mGlu2 and mGlu7 provide insights into their dimerization modes and the subunit conformational changes that characterize the activation of these class C G-protein-coupled receptors., Author(s): Juan Du [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Dejian Wang [sup.1] [sup.4] , Hongcheng Fan [sup.4] [sup.5] , Chanjuan Xu [sup.6] , Linhua Tai [sup.4] [sup.5] , Shuling Lin [sup.2] [sup.4] [...]

The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) have key roles in modulating cell excitability and synaptic transmission in response to glutamate (the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system).sup.1. It has previously been suggested that only one receptor subunit within an mGlu homodimer is responsible for coupling to G protein during receptor activation.sup.2. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies the asymmetric signalling of mGlus remains unknown. Here we report two cryo-electron microscopy structures of human mGlu2 and mGlu4 bound to heterotrimeric G.sub.i protein. The structures reveal a G-protein-binding site formed by three intracellular loops and helices III and IV that is distinct from the corresponding binding site in all of the other G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures. Furthermore, we observed an asymmetric dimer interface of the transmembrane domain of the receptor in the two mGlu-G.sub.i structures. We confirmed that the asymmetric dimerization is crucial for receptor activation, which was supported by functional data; this dimerization may provide a molecular basis for the asymmetric signal transduction of mGlus. These findings offer insights into receptor signalling of class C GPCRs. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of mGlu2 and mGlu4 bound to heterotrimeric G.sub.i protein shed light on the molecular basis of asymmetric signal transduction by metabotropic glutamate receptors., Author(s): Shuling Lin [sup.1] [sup.2] , Shuo Han [sup.3] , Xiaoqing Cai [sup.1] [sup.4] , Qiuxiang Tan [sup.1] , Kexiu Zhou [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.5] , Dejian Wang [sup.2] [sup.3] , [...]

The identification of novel age‐related biomarkers represents an area of intense research interest. Despite multiple studies associating DNA damage with aging, there is a glaring paucity of DNA damage‐based biomarkers of age, mainly due to the lack of precise methods for genome‐wide surveys of different types of DNA damage. Recently, we developed two techniques for genome‐wide mapping of the most prevalent types of DNA damage, single‐strand breaks and abasic sites, with nucleotide‐level resolution. Herein, we explored the potential of genomic patterns of DNA damage identified by these methods as a source of novel age‐related biomarkers using mice as a model system. Strikingly, we found that models based on genomic patterns of either DNA lesion could accurately predict age with higher precision than the commonly used transcriptome analysis. Interestingly, the informative patterns were limited to relatively few genes and the DNA damage levels were positively or negatively correlated with age. These findings show that previously unexplored high‐resolution genomic patterns of DNA damage contain useful information that can contribute significantly to both practical applications and basic science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disassembly of end-of-life (EoL) products is of high concern in sustainability research. It is important to obtain reasonable disassembly depth during the disassembly process. However, the overall safety of the disassembly process is not considered during the disassembly depth optimization process, which leads to an inability to accurately obtain a reasonable disassembly depth. Considering this, a multi-objective disassembly depth optimization method for EoL smartphones considering the overall safety of the disassembly process is proposed to accurately determine a reasonable disassembly depth in this study. The feasible disassembly depth for EoL smartphones is first determined. The reasonable disassembly process for EoL smartphones is then established. A multi-objective function for disassembly depth optimization for EoL smartphones is established based on the disassembly profit per unit time, the disassembly energy consumption per unit time and the overall safety rate of the disassembly process. In order to increase solution accuracy and avoid local optimization, an improved teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm (ITLBO) is proposed. The overall safety of the disassembly process, disassembly time, disassembly energy consumption and disassembly profit are used as the criteria for the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the disassembly depth solution. A case of the 'Xiaomi 4' smartphone is used to verify the applicability of the proposed method. The results show that the searchability of the non-inferior solution and the optimal solution of the proposed method are improved. The convergence speeds of the ITLBO algorithm are 50.00%, 33.33% and 30.43% higher than those of the TLBO algorithm, and the optimal solution values of the ITLBO algorithm are 3.91%, 5.10% and 3.45% higher than those of the TLBO algorithm in three experiments of single objective optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]