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The physical interpretation of the J integral (i.e., J integral) is clear. J integral is the energy release rate associated with crack extension (i.e., translation of the crack in the x direction). However, the physical interpretation of the J integral remains unclear. In this study, different crack translations in the x direction were selected and tested by calculating the energy release rates associated with the crack translations and comparing them with the theoretical value of the J integral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental and numerical analyses were performed to characterize the fatigue behavior of spot welded joints in suspension mounting of a passenger car body. Static and fatigue tests were carried out for the tensile-shear and cross-tension specimens. S-N curve and fatigue strengths were obtained from the fatigue test of various specimens. Nonlinear finite element analysis showed that fatigue behavior of spot welded joints could be well estimated in terms of Von Mises stress at the nugget edge. Fatigue behavior of spot welded joint was represented by Von Mises stress better than the fatigue load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines how certain kinds of knowledge relevant to portfolio management might be represented in creating Expert Systems (ESs) for this domain. A decision-making computer software system that can accept and apply knowledge, often at levels comparable to or exceeding those of a human expert, is known as an ES. The article further discusses the architecture, deployment history, and performance of a specific ES known as K-FOLIO. K-FOLIO employs a structure specifically designed to integrate the Markowitz [1952] portfolio diversification model with the expert knowledge of specialists and managers. The investment professional should expect to interact routinely with ESs like this in the not-too-distant future. Worry not that the human element is likely to be replaced by ES, however. Applications most likely to be successful are those encompassing relatively narrow domains and assisting the manager in a few specific aspects, such as the portfolio diversification system. Other activities that are good candidates for ES augmentation include forecasting, elicitation of client goals, credit line management, market-timing decisions, automation of portfolio insurance and other dynamic hedging strategies, and application of systematic inclusion/exclusion criteria to asset classes other than stocks.

For the selection of stock portfolios, the optimiastion models or expert systems are used separately. To take advantage of both approaches, the integration of optimisation model and expert system is attempted. The proposed architecture-ISPMS (Intelligent Stock Portfolio Management System)-accomplishes the integration by interpreting the knowledge as a part of the formulation of optimisation model. The other generic issues in ISPMS are the integration of personal preference with the expert knowledge and knowledge acquisition by machine learning. This paper thus describes the representation and the inference of an expert knowledge, the representation of personal preference and its integration with the expert knowledge, the interpretation of the knowledge and preference to associate with optimisation model, and the solution algorithm of the modified optimisation model accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for spot matching in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images using a cumulative frequency matrix is proposed. The method improves on the weak points of the previous method called 'spot matching by topological patterns of neighbour spots'. It accumulates the frequencies of neighbour spot pairs produced through the entire matching process and determines spot pairs one by one in order of higher frequency. Spot matching by frequencies of neighbour spot pairs shows a fairly better performance. However, it can give researchers a hint for whether the matching results can be trustworthy or not, which can save researchers a lot of effort for verification of the results.