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Aim: To explain the process taken by Chinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, to access health and social services in their communities. The research question was: What mechanisms and structures impact the agency of Chinese family care partners of older adults, in the process of assisting them to access health and social services? Design: This qualitative study was informed by critical realism. Methods: Chinese family care partners of older adults in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, were interviewed from August 2020 to June 2021. Transcripts underwent thematic analysis. Findings: Twenty-eight Chinese family care partners expressed a firm commitment to maintain caregiving conditions and to judiciously access health and social services. Their commitment was made up of three parts: (a) legislative and cultural norms of family, work, and society; (b) their perseverance to fill gaps with limited social and financial resources; (c) the quality of their relationship to, and illness trajectory of the older adults. The social structures created tension in how Chinese family care partners made decisions, negotiated resources, and ultimately monitored and coordinated timely access with older adults. Conclusion: Participants' commitment and perseverance were conceptualized as "grit," central to their agency to conform to legislative and cultural norms. Moreover, findings support grit's power to motivate and sustain family caregiving, in order for older adults to age in place as long as possible with finite resources. Implications for the profession: This study highlights the importance of cultural awareness education for nurses, enabling continuity of care at a systems level and for a more resilient healthcare system. Impact: Family care partners' grit may be crucial for nurses to harness when together, they face limited access to culturally appropriate health and social services in a system grounded in values of equity and inclusion, as in Canada. Reporting method: When writing this manuscript, we adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Patient or public involvement and engagement: No patient or public involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminated [([Fe.sub.0.7][Co.sub.0.3]).sub.88][Zr.sub.7][B.sub.4][Cu.sub.1] amorphous HITPERM/Si[O.sub.2] multilayer thin films have been studied by room-temperature (RT) pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry (PIMM) in single, bilayer, and trilayer films. Switching has been measured in a multilayer film with six (50 nm) HITPERM layers, separated by five (2 nm) Si[O.sub.2] layers. Films were investigated by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HREM), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. HREM and TEM show BCC FeCo nanocrystals to nucleate on top of Si[O.sub.2] layers. Plan view TEM on the top layer reveals FCC nanocrystals that align in chains with spacing of ~50-100 nm. SQUID magnetometry shows reversal to begin by rotation in a single layer for H < 14.4 kA/m (180 Oe) followed by nearly simultaneous reversal of several layers. A final switching event is thermally activated, requiring fields in excess of 8 kA/m (100 Oe) to switch at 2 K, but switching at the same field as other layers for elevated temperatures (RT). Index Terms--Multilayers, PIMM, soft magnet, thermally activated switching.

High quality single crystals of equi-atomic FeCo alloys in the ordered alpha' phase are prepared and characterized. The crystals were prepared by annealing FeCo ingot samples. The ordered alpha' phase of the sample was determined via x-ray diffraction. It is shown that the full width at half maximum of the superlattice line in phi scan was 2.5 degrees. The magnetic field dependence and magnetic moments were also obtained.

We detail crystal growth and characterization of Ni-Mn--Ga ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys (FSMA). Structural characterization includes x-ray Laue diffraction and x-ray diffraction (XRD) using [Theta]-2[Theta] scans. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and DC magnetization measurements have been used to probe structural and magnetic phase transformations in these materials. For the first time, the temperature dependence of magnetic torque reveals a variation of the magnetic anisotropy in stoichiometric [Ni.sub.2] MnGa crystals. We also report on the effect of post-annealing on the martensitic phase transition (MPT) temperature. A [Ni.sub.52.7][Mn.sub.22.6][Ga.sub.24.7] crystal exhibits an onset of the transformation at 304 K. The temperature hysteresis during a heating-cooling process and the full width of the transition are observed to be 2 and 10 K, respectively, for this crystal.

Structure and magnetic properties of both melt-spun and hot deformed bulk Sm–Co type nanocomposite magnets have been investigated with various metal additions, including Zr, Cu, and Nb. The Zr and Nb additions play important roles in constraining grain growth, resulting in an increase of coercivity Hc. The Cu addition significantly improves the squareness of BH loops as well as the energy product (BH)max. A typical hot deformed bulk anisotropic nanocomposite SmCo type magnet with Mr(hard)/Mr(easy)∼0.4, Hc∼9 kOe and (BH)max of 13.2 MG Oe was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully dense anisotropic nanocomposite Sm(Co0.58Fe0.31Zr0.05Cu0.04B0.02)z (z=7.5-12) magnets have been synthesized via rapid hot pressing and hot deformation processes. The highest (BH)max ∼10.6 MGOe was observed for a magnet with z=10. X-ray diffraction and M-H measurements indicated that the easy magnetization direction of magnets prefers to be in the hot pressing direction. Transmission electron microscopy investigation confirmed that plastic deformation is an important route for forming magnetic anisotropy in the Sm-Co-type nanocomposite magnets. Some stripe and/or platelike patterns have been observed inside the nanograins (50-200 nm), which may present as twins, and stacking faults. The (0001) twins have been observed in the 2:17R phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloys with nominal compositions of Sm(Co[SUB1-x]Zr[SUBx])[SUBy] (x=0.03- 0.05, y=12- 15) were synthesized by arc melting and characterized in the temperature range of 10-1473 K and with a magnetic field up to 5 T. Near-single-phase materials with Th[SUB2]Ni[SUB17] structure were formed in the as-cast alloys with x = 0.05. Similar to Ti, Zr also stabilizes the Th[SUB2]Ni[SUB17] structure. Hard magnetic properties with T[SUBc]∼ 1142- 1179 K, M[SUBs] ∼ 110- 123 emu/g, and H[SUBa]∼ 63- 86 kOe at 300 K have been observed. An alloy with a nominal composition of Sm(Co[SUB0.75]Fe[SUB0.1]Zr[SUB0.05]Cu[SUB0.08]Ga[SUB0.01]B[SUB0.01])[SUB1 2] (as also prepared by melt spinning. The melt spun materials were nanostructured in nature and magnetically hard in the as-spun states. H[SUBci] ∼ 10 kOe, B[SUBs] ∼ 9.5 kG, and H[SUBci] ∼ 27 kOe, B[SUBs] ∼ 9.8 kG were obtained at 300 and 10 K, respectively. The effects of the heat treatment conditions on magnetic properties of both alloys and ribbon will be also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature and field dependence of the magnetization in a Ni[sub 2]MnGa single crystal was measured using a magnetometer with an applied field oriented in the [001] and [011] directions, respectively, of the parent cubic phase. It was found that the magnetic field magnitude and direction could be used to determine the magnetization of the sample during a thermal transformation from the austenitic phase to the martensite phase. This is explained in terms of a magnetic field induced growth of the twin variant having a favorable orientation to the external magnetic field. A model to interpret the magnetic response in terms of aligned twin variants in the shape memory material is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]