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3. Countering Eavesdroppers with Meta-learning-based Cooperative Ambient Backscatter Communications

Author

Chu, NH, Van Huynh, N, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Gong, S, Shu, T, Dutkiewicz, E, Phan, KT, Chu, NH, Van Huynh, N, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Gong, S, Shu, T, Dutkiewicz, E, and Phan, KT

Abstract

This article introduces a novel lightweight framework using ambient backscattering communications to counter eavesdroppers. In particular, our framework divides an original message into two parts. The first part, i.e., the active-transmit message, is transmitted by the transmitter using conventional RF signals. Simultaneously, the second part, i.e., the backscatter message, is transmitted by an ambient backscatter tag that backscatters upon the active signals emitted by the transmitter. Notably, the backscatter tag does not generate its own signal, making it difficult for an eavesdropper to detect the backscattered signals unless they have prior knowledge of the system. Here, we assume that without decoding/knowing the backscatter message, the eavesdropper is unable to decode the original message. Even in scenarios where the eavesdropper can capture both messages, reconstructing the original message is a complex task without understanding the intricacies of the message-splitting mechanism. A challenge in our proposed framework is to effectively decode the backscattered signals at the receiver, often accomplished using the maximum likelihood (MLK) approach. However, such a method may require a complex mathematical model together with perfect channel state information (CSI). To address this issue, we develop a novel deep meta-learning-based signal detector that can not only effectively decode the weak backscattered signals without requiring perfect CSI but also quickly adapt to a new wireless environment with very little knowledge. Simulation results show that our proposed learning approach, without requiring perfect CSI and complex mathematical model, can achieve a bit error ratio close to that of the MLK-based approach. They also clearly show the efficiency of the proposed approach in dealing with eavesdropping attacks and the lack of training data for deep learning models in practical scenarios.

Published
2024

4. Energy-Based Proportional Fairness in Cooperative Edge Computing

Author

Vu, TT, Chu, NH, Phan, KT, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Dutkiewicz, E, Vu, TT, Chu, NH, Phan, KT, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

By executing offloaded tasks from mobile users, edge computing augments mobile devices with computing/communications resources from edge nodes (ENs), thus enabling new services/applications (e.g., real-time gaming, virtual/augmented reality). However, despite being more resourceful than mobile devices, allocating ENs' computing/communications resources to a given favorable set of users (e.g., closer to edge nodes) may block other devices from their services. This is often the case for most existing task offloading and resource allocation approaches that only aim to maximize the network social welfare or minimize the total energy consumption but do not consider the computing/battery status of each mobile device. This work develops an energy-based proportionally fair task offloading and resource allocation framework for a multi-layer cooperative edge computing network to serve all user equipments (UEs) while considering both their service requirements and individual energy/battery levels. The resulting optimization involves both binary (offloading decisions) and continuous (resource allocation) variables. To tackle the NP-hard mixed integer optimization problem, we leverage the fact that the relaxed problem is convex and propose a distributed algorithm, namely the dynamic branch-and-bound Benders decomposition (DBBD). DBBD decomposes the original problem into a master problem (MP) for the offloading decisions and multiple subproblems (SPs) for resource allocation. To quickly eliminate inefficient offloading solutions, the MP is integrated with powerful Benders cuts exploiting the ENs' resource constraints. We then develop a dynamic branch-and-bound algorithm (DBB) to efficiently solve the MP considering the load balance among ENs. The SPs can either be solved for their closed-form solutions or be solved in parallel at ENs, thus reducing the complexity. The numerical results show that the DBBD returns the optimal solution in maximizing the proportional fa

Published
2024

5. MetaSlicing: A Novel Resource Allocation Framework for Metaverse

Author

Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Phan, KT, Dutkiewicz, E, Niyato, D, Shu, T, Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Phan, KT, Dutkiewicz, E, Niyato, D, and Shu, T

Abstract

Creating and maintaining the Metaverse requires enormous resources that have never been seen before, especially computing resources for intensive data processing to support the Extended Reality, enormous storage resources, and massive networking resources for maintaining ultra high-speed and low-latency connections. Therefore, this work aims to propose a novel framework, namely MetaSlicing, that can provide a highly effective and comprehensive solution in managing and allocating different types of resources for Metaverse applications. In particular, by observing that Metaverse applications may have common functions, we first propose grouping applications into clusters, called MetaInstances. In a MetaInstance, common functions can be shared among applications. As such, the same resources can be used by multiple applications simultaneously, thereby enhancing resource utilization dramatically. To address the real-time characteristic and resource demand's dynamic and uncertainty in the Metaverse, we develop an effective framework based on the semi-Markov decision process and propose an intelligent admission control algorithm that can maximize resource utilization and enhance the Quality-of-Service for end-users. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed solution outperforms the Greedy-based policies by up to 80% and 47% in terms of long-term revenue for Metaverse providers and request acceptance probability, respectively.

Published
2023

6. Dynamic Resource Allocation for Metaverse Applications with Deep Reinforcement Learning

Author

Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Phan, KT, Dutkiewicz, E, Niyato, D, Shu, T, Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Phan, KT, Dutkiewicz, E, Niyato, D, and Shu, T

Abstract

This work proposes a novel framework to dynamically and effectively manage and allocate different types of resources for Metaverse applications, which are forecasted to demand massive resources of various types that have never been seen before. Specifically, by studying functions of Metaverse applications, we first propose an effective solution to divide applications into groups, namely MetaInstances, where common functions can be shared among applications to enhance resource usage efficiency. Then, to capture the real-time, dynamic, and uncertain characteristics of request arrival and application departure processes, we develop a semi-Markov decision process-based framework and propose an intelligent algorithm that can gradually learn the optimal admission policy to maximize the revenue and resource usage efficiency for the Metaverse service provider and at the same time enhance the Quality-of-Service for Metaverse users. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed approach can achieve up to 120% greater revenue for the Metaverse service providers and up to 178.9% higher acceptance probability for Metaverse application requests than those of other baselines.

Published
2023

7. Defeating Eavesdroppers with Ambient Backscatter Communications

Author

Huynh, NV, Quang Hieu, N, Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Dutkiewicz, E, Huynh, NV, Quang Hieu, N, Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

Unlike conventional anti-eavesdropping methods that always require additional energy or computing resources (e.g., in friendly jamming and cryptography-based solutions), this work proposes a novel anti-eavesdropping solution that comes with mostly no extra power nor computing resource requirement. This is achieved by leveraging the ambient backscatter technology in which secret information can be transmitted by backscattering it over ambient radio signals. Specifically, the original message at the transmitter is first encoded into two parts: (i) active transmit message and (ii) backscatter message. The active transmit message is then transmitted by using the conventional wireless transmission method while the backscatter message is transmitted by backscattering it on the active transmit signals via an ambient backscatter tag. As the backscatter tag does not generate any active RF signals, it is intractable for the eavesdropper to detect the backscatter message. Therefore, secret information, e.g., a secret key for decryption, can be carried by the backscattered message, making the adversary unable to decode the original message. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed solution can significantly enhance security protection for communication systems.

Published
2023

8. AI-enabled mm-Waveform Configuration for Autonomous Vehicles with Integrated Communication and Sensing

Author

Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Pham, QV, Phan, KT, Hwang, WJ, Dutkiewicz, E, Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Pham, QV, Phan, KT, Hwang, WJ, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

Integrated Communications and Sensing (ICS) has recently emerged as an enabling technology for ubiquitous sensing and IoT applications. For ICS application to Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), optimizing the waveform structure is one of the most challenging tasks due to strong influences between sensing and data communication functions. Specifically, the preamble of a data communication frame is typically leveraged for the sensing function. As such, the higher number of preambles in a Coherent Processing Interval (CPI) is, the greater sensing task’s performance is. In contrast, communication efficiency is inversely proportional to the number of preambles. Moreover, surrounding radio environments are usually dynamic with high uncertainties due to their high mobility, making the ICS’s waveform optimization problem even more challenging. To that end, this paper develops a novel ICS framework established on the Markov decision process and recent advanced techniques in deep reinforcement learning. By doing so, without requiring complete knowledge of the surrounding environment in advance, the ICS-AV can adaptively optimize its waveform structure (i.e., number of frames in the CPI) to maximize sensing and data communication performance under the surrounding environment’s dynamic and uncertainty. Extensive simulations show that our proposed approach can improve the joint communication and sensing performance up to 46.26% compared with other baseline methods.

Published
2023

9. Optimal Privacy Preserving in Wireless Federated Learning Over Mobile Edge Computing

Author

Nguyen, HM, Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Hà, MH, Dutkiewicz, E, Nguyen, HM, Chu, NH, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Hà, MH, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

Federated Learning FL with quantization and deliberately added noise over wireless networks is a promising approach to preserve the user differential privacy while reducing the wireless resources Specifically an FL learning process can be fused with quantized Binomial mechanism based updates contributed by multiple users to reduce the communication overhead cost as well as to protect the privacy of participating users However the optimization of wireless transmission and quantization parameters e g transmit power bandwidth and quantization bits as well as the added noise while guaranteeing the privacy requirement and the performance of the learned FL model remains an open and challenging problem In this paper we aim to jointly optimize the level of quantization parameters of the Binomial mechanism and devices transmit powers to minimize the training time under the constraints of the wireless networks The resulting optimization turns out to be a Mixed Integer Non linear Programming MINLP problem which is known to be NP hard To tackle it we transform this MINLP problem into a new problem whose solutions are proved to be the optimal solutions of the original one We then propose an approximate algorithm that can solve the transformed problem with an arbitrary relative error guarantee Intensive simulations show that for the same wireless resources the proposed approach achieves the highest accuracy close to that of the conventional FL with no quantization and no noise added This suggests the faster convergence training time of the proposed wireless FL framework while optimally preserving users privacy

Published
2023

10. A Unified Resource Allocation Framework for Virtual Reality Streaming over Wireless Networks

Author

Hieu, NQ, Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Dutkiewicz, E, Hieu, NQ, Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

Although Rate Splitting Multiple Access RSMA is a promising scheme to effectively manage interference and enhance data rate and spectral utilization its applications for Virtual Reality VR streaming have not been well studied In addition to the strict latency requirement as in conventional High Definition streaming VR streaming further requires more computing resources at the transmitter to promptly react to the dynamic of users Field of View interests Unfortunately current conventional RSMA approaches could not effectively handle these problems since they are not intentionally developed to deal with the special features of VR streaming To address these challenges we first propose a novel hierarchical multicast technique to effectively integrate the RSMA and VR streaming by exploiting the Field of Views of VR users Then the VR streaming problem established based on RSMA is formulated as a joint computation and communication optimization problem which can not only guarantee VR streaming latency requirement but also effectively manage interferences among users Finally due to the dynamic and uncertainty of wireless channels and users demands we develop a deep reinforcement learning approach to find the optimal policy for the system This learning solution allows us to find the optimal parameters for the system via trail and error learning process and thus it is effective in dealing with the uncertainty and unknown information from surrounding environment Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed solution can satisfy the VR requirement of millisecond latency that is much lower than those of the baselines

Published
2023

11. Potential applications and benefits of metaverse

Author

Aljumaie, M, Nguyen, HC, Chu, NH, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, Dutkiewicz, E, Aljumaie, M, Nguyen, HC, Chu, NH, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, DN, Hoang, DT, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

This chapter helps the researchers aware of potential Metaverse applications in notable areas, including entertainment, virtual office, education, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, and virtual tourism. The entertainment industry is one of the most important pillars to pushing Metaverse's implementation forward. Several entertainment types have been integrated into a single virtual environment. The Metaverse introduces a seamless integration of multiple extended reality-based virtual worlds and limitless creativity for users. The Metaverse makes account management easier than that of traditional approaches. The chapter discusses some examples of entertainment activities in Metaverse. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies can bring a seamless experience for Metaverse users as they can work from anywhere with their optimum desktop setup. The chapter shows how important it is to adapt new technology such as Metaverse to future e-learning. Metaverse can offer a great virtual environment for testing autonomous vehicles.

Published
2023

13. Transfer Learning for Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Author

Nguyen, CT, Van Huynh, N, Chu, NH, Saputra, YM, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Pham, QV, Niyato, D, Dutkiewicz, E, Hwang, WJ, Nguyen, CT, Van Huynh, N, Chu, NH, Saputra, YM, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Pham, QV, Niyato, D, Dutkiewicz, E, and Hwang, WJ

Abstract

With outstanding features, machine learning (ML) has become the backbone of numerous applications in wireless networks. However, the conventional ML approaches face many challenges in practical implementation, such as the lack of labeled data, the constantly changing wireless environments, the long training process, and the limited capacity of wireless devices. These challenges, if not addressed, can impede the effectiveness and applicability of ML in wireless networks. To address these problems, transfer learning (TL) has recently emerged to be a promising solution. The core idea of TL is to leverage and synthesize distilled knowledge from similar tasks and valuable experiences accumulated from the past to facilitate the learning of new problems. By doing so, TL techniques can reduce the dependence on labeled data, improve the learning speed, and enhance the ML methods' robustness to different wireless environments. This article aims to provide a comprehensive survey on the applications of TL in wireless networks. Particularly, we first provide an overview of TL, including formal definitions, classification, and various types of TL techniques. We then discuss diverse TL approaches proposed to address emerging issues in wireless networks. The issues include spectrum management, signal recognition, security, caching, localization, and human activity recognition, which are all important to next-generation networks, such as 5G and beyond. Finally, we highlight important challenges, open issues, and future research directions of TL in future wireless networks.

Published
2022

14. Joint Speed Control and Energy Replenishment Optimization for UAV-assisted IoT Data Collection with Deep Reinforcement Transfer Learning

Author

Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Van Huynh, N, Dutkiewicz, E, Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Van Huynh, N, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted data collection has been emerging as a prominent application due to its flexibility, mobility, and low operational cost. However, under the dynamic and uncertainty of IoT data collection and energy replenishment processes, optimizing the performance for UAV collectors is a very challenging task. Thus, this paper introduces a novel framework that jointly optimizes the flying speed and energy replenishment for each UAV to significantly improve the overall system performance (e.g., data collection and energy usage efficiency). Specifically, we first develop a Markov decision process to help the UAV automatically and dynamically make optimal decisions under the dynamics and uncertainties of the environment. Although traditional reinforcement learning algorithms such as Q-learning and deep Q-learning can help the UAV to obtain the optimal policy, they often take a long time to converge and require high computational complexity. Therefore, it is impractical to deploy these conventional methods on UAVs with limited computing capacity and energy resource. To that end, we develop advanced transfer learning techniques that allow UAVs to “share” and “transfer” learning knowledge, thereby reducing the learning time as well as significantly improving learning quality. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our proposed solution can improve the average data collection performance of the system up to 200% and reduce the convergence time up to 50% compared with those of conventional methods.

Published
2022

16. Fast or Slow: An Autonomous Speed Control Approach for UAV-assisted IoT Data Collection Networks

Author

Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Van Huynh, N, Dutkiewicz, E, Chu, NH, Hoang, DT, Nguyen, DN, Van Huynh, N, and Dutkiewicz, E

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been emerging as an effective solution for IoT data collection networks thanks to their outstanding flexibility, mobility, and low operation costs. However, due to the limited energy and uncertainty from the data collection process, speed control is one of the most important factors while optimizing the energy usage efficiency and performance for UAV collectors. This work aims to develop a novel autonomous speed control approach to address this issue. To that end, we first formulate the dynamic speed control task of a UAV as a Markov decision process taking into account its energy status and location. In this way, the Q-learning algorithm can be adopted to obtain the optimal speed control policy for the UAV. To further improve the system performance, we develop a highly-effective deep dueling double Q-learning algorithm utilizing outstanding features of the deep neural networks as well as advanced dueling architecture to quickly stabilize the learning process and obtain the optimal policy. Through simulations, we show that our proposed solution can achieve up to 40% greater performance, i.e., an average throughput of the system, compared with other conventional methods. Importantly, the simulation results also reveal significant impacts of UAV’s energy and charging time on the system performance.

Published
2021

18. Enhancement of Bioactive Compounds and Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus Grown in the Omega-6, -7 Riched Cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis.

Author

Hoang PH, Nguyen MT, Ngo HTT, Chu NH, Ha PT, Bui HG, and To LH

Subjects
Fatty Acids, Omega-6 metabolism, Microbial Viability drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated metabolism, Lactic Acid metabolism, Aquaculture, Lactobacillus acidophilus metabolism, Lactobacillus acidophilus growth & development, Spirulina metabolism, Spirulina growth & development, Spirulina chemistry, Probiotics metabolism, Culture Media chemistry, Culture Media metabolism
Abstract

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a probiotic commonly used in aquaculture to enhance the growth and immune system of aquatic species through the synthesis of various enzymes, and antimicrobial compounds like lactic acid. Traditional method of growing L. acidophilus involes using the De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) medium. However, L. acidophilus belongs to a non-spore forming group, which make it vulnerable to stress conditions, especially during the usage process. Therefore, the present study aimed to improve the survival rate, antibacterial activity, and enrich the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content of L. acidophilus LB when cultured in an algae-supplemented medium, thus increasing its benefits in aquaculture applications. Using different algae biomass species as an alternative to MRS medium for the growth of L. acidophilus LB, the results showed that Spirulina platensis promoted the highest density of L. acidophilus LB. When grown in (S. platensis + glucose) medium, L. acidophilus LB produced the highest lactic acid concentration of 18.24 ± 2.43 mg/mL and survived in extreme conditions such as 4% NaCl, pH 1.0-2.0, and 50 ºC, and inhibited 99.82 ± 0.24% of Vibrio parahaemolyticus population after 2 days of treatment. Additionally, it was observed that the PUFAs content, specifically omega-6, and -7, also increased in the fermentation mixture as compared to the control sample. These findings highlighted the potential of utilizing the cyanobacteria S. platensis as an alternative, eco-friendly growth substance for L. acidophilus LB to enhance its bioactivity and viability under extreme conditions., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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19. Efficacy and Safety of Bufei Jiedu Granules in Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multi-center, Double-Blinded and Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author

Zhang SY, Qiu L, Zhang SX, Xiao HP, Chu NH, Zhang X, Zhang HQ, Zheng PY, Zhang HY, and Lu ZH

Subjects
Humans, Double-Blind Method, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Treatment Outcome, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Drugs, Chinese Herbal therapeutic use, Drugs, Chinese Herbal adverse effects
Abstract

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Bufei Jiedu (BFJD) ranules as adjuvant therapy for patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB)., Methods: A large-scale, multi-center, double-blinded, and randomized controlled trial was conducted in 18 sentinel hospitals in China from December 2012 to December 2016. A total of 312 MDR-PTB patients were randomly assigned to BFJD Granules or placebo groups (1:1) using a stratified randomization method, which both received the long-course chemotherapy regimen for 18 months (6 Am-Lfx-P-Z-Pto, 12 Lfx-P-Z-Pto). Meanwhile, patients in both groups also received BFJD Granules or placebo twice a day for a total of 18 months, respectively. The primary outcome was cure rate. The secondary outcomes included time to sputum-culture conversion, changes in lung cavities and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial., Results: A total of 216 cases completed the trial, 111 in the BFJD Granules group and 105 in the placebo group. BFJD Granules, as an adjuvant treatment, increased the cure rate by 13.6% at the end of treatment, compared with the placebo (58.4% vs. 44.8%, P=0.02), and accelerated the median time to sputum-culture conversion (5 months vs. 11 months). The cavity closure rate of the BFJD Granules group (50.6%, 43/85) was higher than that of the placebo group (32.1%, 26/81; P=0.02) in patients who completed the treatment. At the end of the intensive treatment, according to the 36-item Short Form, the BFJD Granules significantly improved physical functioning, general health, and vitality of patients relative to the placebo group (all P<0.01). Overall, the death rates in the two groups were not significantly different; 5.1% (8/156) in the BFJD Granules group and 2.6% (4/156) in the placebo group., Conclusions: Supplementing BFJD Granules with the long-course chemotherapy regimen significantly increased the cure rate and cavity closure rates, and rapidly improved QoL of patients with MDR-PTB (Registration No. ChiCTR-TRC-12002850)., (© 2024. The Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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20. New insight into protective effect against oxidative stress and biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NC4 from fermented eggplant.

Author

Quach NT, Nguyen TTA, Vu THN, Nguyen TTN, Tran XK, Chu NH, Ta TTT, Chu HH, and Phi QT

Subjects
Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Genome, Bacterial, Fermented Foods microbiology, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase genetics, Oxidative Stress, Polysaccharides, Bacterial biosynthesis, Polysaccharides, Bacterial metabolism, Fermentation, Solanum melongena microbiology, Solanum melongena genetics, Solanum melongena metabolism, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei metabolism, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei genetics
Abstract

Fermented eggplant is a traditional fermented food, however lactic acid bacteria capable of producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) have not yet been exploited. The present study focused on the production and protective effects against oxidative stress of an EPS produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NC4 (NC4-EPS), in addition to deciphering its genomic features and EPS biosynthesis pathway. Among 54 isolates tested, strain NC4 showed the highest EPS yield and antioxidant activity. The maximum EPS production (2.04 ± 0.11 g/L) was achieved by culturing in MRS medium containing 60 g/L sucrose at 37 °C for 48 h. Under 2 mM H 2 O 2 stress, the survival of a yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with 0.4 mg/mL NC4-EPS was 2.4-fold better than non-treated cells, which was in agreement with the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities measured from cell lysates. The complete genome of NC4 composed of a circular chromosome of 2,888,896 bp and 3 circular plasmids. The NC4 genome comprises more genes with annotated function in nitrogen metabolism, phosphorus metabolism, cell division and cell cycle, and iron acquisition and metabolism as compared to other reported L. paracasei. Of note, the eps gene cluster is not conserved across L. paracasei. Pathways of sugar metabolism for EPS biosynthesis were proposed for the first time, in which gdp pathway only present in few plant-derived bacteria was identified. These findings shed new light on the cell-protective activity and biosynthesis of EPS produced by L. paracasei, paving the way for future efforts to enhance yield and tailor-made EPS production for food and pharmaceutical industries., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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21. Multilayer immobilizing of denitrifying Bacillus sp. and TiO 2 -AgNPs on floating expanded clay carrier for co-treatment of nitrite and pathogens in aquaculture.

Author

Hoang PH, Nguyen MT, Phan KS, Bui HG, Le TTH, Chu NH, Ho NA, Pham QH, Tran XK, and Ha PT

Abstract

Nitrite contamination and the spread of pathogens can seriously degrade water quality. To simultaneously control these factors, an innovative approach of fabricating a remediation agent that contained denitrifying bacteria and TiO 2 -AgNPs co-immobilized on floating expanded clay (EC) was proposed in this study. The EC was fabricated from a mixture of clay and rice husk through pyrolysis at a high temperature of 1200 °C, followed by a rapid cooling step to create a porous structure for the material. TiO 2 NPs were modified with Ag to shift the absorbance threshold of TiO 2 -AgNPs into the visible region of 700-800 nm. The experimental results showed that the stirring speed of 250 rpm was suitable for immobilizing TiO 2 -AgNPs on EC and achieved the highest Ti and Ag content of 639.38 ± 3.04 and 200.51 ± 3.71 ppm, respectively. Coating TiO 2 -Ag/EC with chitosan (0.5%) significantly reduced the detachment level of immobilized TiO 2 -AgNPs compared to that of the material with no coating. In particular, this functionalized material inhibited 99.93 ± 0.1% of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogen but did not adversely affect the denitrifying bacteria after 2 h of visible light irradiation. Based on the electrostatic bond between oppositely charged polymers, the denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus sp., in alginate solution was successfully immobilized on the chitosan-coated TiO 2 -Ag/EC with a bacteria density of (76.67 ± 9.43) × 10 7 CFU g -1 , retaining its nitrite removal efficiency at 99.0 ± 0.27% through six treatment cycles. These findings provide solid evidence for further investigating the combination of biodegradation and photodegradation in wastewater treatment., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Published
2024
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22. Three-Dimensional Histological Characterization of the Placental Vasculature Using Light Sheet Microscopy.

Author

Freise L, Behncke RY, Allerkamp HH, Sandermann TH, Chu NH, Funk EM, Hondrich LJ, Riedel A, Witzel C, Hansmeier NR, Danyel M, Gellhaus A, Dechend R, and Hägerling R

Subjects
Humans, Pregnancy, Female, Placenta blood supply, Microscopy, Trophoblasts pathology, Arteries pathology, Pre-Eclampsia pathology, Pregnancy Complications
Abstract

The placenta is the first embryonic organ, representing the connection between the embryo and the mother, and is therefore necessary for the embryo's growth and survival. To meet the ever-growing need for nutrient and gas exchange, the maternal spiral arteries undergo extensive remodeling, thus increasing the uteroplacental blood flow by 16-fold. However, the insufficient remodeling of the spiral arteries can lead to severe pregnancy-associated disorders, including but not limited to pre-eclampsia. Insufficient endovascular trophoblast invasion plays a key role in the manifestation of pre-eclampsia; however, the underlying processes are complex and still unknown. Classical histopathology is based on two-dimensional section microscopy, which lacks a volumetric representation of the vascular remodeling process. To further characterize the uteroplacental vascularization, a detailed, non-destructive, and subcellular visualization is beneficial. In this study, we use light sheet microscopy for optical sectioning, thus establishing a method to obtain a three-dimensional visualization of the vascular system in the placenta. By introducing a volumetric visualization method of the placenta, we could establish a powerful tool to deeply investigate the heterogeneity of the spiral arteries during the remodeling process, evaluate the state-of-the-art treatment options, effects on vascularization, and, ultimately, reveal new insights into the underlying pathology of pre-eclampsia.

Published
2023
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23. Metagenomic data of bacterial communities associated with Acropora species from Phu Quoc Islands, Vietnam.

Author

Nguyen DH, Chu NH, Bettarel Y, Auguet JC, Bouvier T, Chu HH, and Bui VN

Abstract

Acropora is one of the most common coral genera found in Phu Quoc Islands, Vietnam. However, the presence of marine snails, such as the coralllivorous gastropod Drupella rugosa, was a potential threat to the survival of many scleractinian species, leading to changes in the health status and bacterial diversity of coral reefs in Phu Quoc Islands. Here, we describe the composition of bacterial communities associated with two species of Acropora ( Acropora formosa and Acropora millepora ) using the Illumina sequencing technology. This dataset includes 5 coral samples of each status (grazed or healthy), which were collected in Phu Quoc Islands (9°55'20.6″N 104°01'16.4″E) in May 2020. A total of 19 phyla, 34 classes, 98 orders, 216 families and 364 bacterial genera were detected from 10 coral samples. Overall, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the two most common bacterial phyla in all samples. Significant differences in the relative abundances of the genera Fusibacter, Halarcobacter, Malaciobacter, and Thalassotalea between grazed and healthy status were observed. However, there was no differences in alpha diversity indices between the two status. Furthermore, the dataset analysis also indicated that Vibrio and Fusibacter were core genera in the grazed samples, whereas Pseudomonas was the core genus in the healthy samples., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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24. [Effects of four efflux pump inhibitors on the activities of clarithromycin against Mycobacterium abscessus ].

Author

Teng TL, Shang YY, Huang HR, Chu NH, and Chen ST

Subjects
Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone, Clarithromycin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Mycobacterium abscessus genetics
Abstract

Objective: To detect the effects of four efflux pump inhibitors on the minimum inhibitory concentration of clarithromycin (CLA) against Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) in vitro , and to explore the role of efflux pump in CLA resistance of M. abscessus . Methods: Four frequently-used efflux pump inhibitors (Carbonyl Cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, CCCP, N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, DCC, Verapamil, VP, Reserpine, RSP) were evaluated in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of clarithromycin against M. abscessus reference strain and 60 clinical strains with or without efflux pump inhibitors were detected by Alamar Blue method. Sequence analysis of erm(41) and rrl genes known to be associated with CLA resistance in M. abscessus was performed to analyze the correlation between the effect of efflux pump inhibitors on MIC and mutation of resistance-related genes. Results: CCCP, DCC, VP and RSP could reduce the MIC of M. abscessus to CLA, and the effect of RSP was weaker than the other three efflux pump inhibitors. Among the sixty M. abscessus clinical strains, ten strains were resistant to clarithromycin, seven of which had rrl gene mutation. The CLA resistance rate of smooth phenotype isolates was higher than that of rough phenotype isolates. At 3 day of clarithromycin incubation, the MICs of resistant strains were all reduced by efflux pump inhibitors. Compared with the strains with rrl gene mutation, efflux pump inhibitors had a greater effect on the strains without rrl gene mutation. At 14 day of clarithromycin incubation, 83% of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus , were induced to be resistant, and all of them were T28 sequence type of erm(41) . With the occurrence of induced drug resistance, the effect of efflux pump inhibitor on CLA MIC decreased. Efflux pump inhibitors had no statistically significant diffence in the effect of effcux pump inhibitors on CLA MIC levels in different phenotypes of isolates. Conclusions: Efflux pump is involved in the resistance process of M. abscessus to CLA. Efflux pump inhibitors reduce the drug resistance to clarithromycin against M. abscessus in different degrees. The use of efflux pump inhibitors may provide a new way to alleviate the drug resistance of M. abscessus .

Published
2022
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27. [Analysis of resistance to clofazimine in tuberculosis patients].

Author

Shang YY and Chu NH

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Child, Clofazimine pharmacology, Clofazimine therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant epidemiology
Abstract

Objective: To analyze the drug resistance of tuberculosis patients to clofazimine. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on the case data of 1 770 tuberculosis patients in Department of tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2015 to June 2018, including 1 225 males and 545 females, aged 8-92 (43.2±15.2) years old. Drug sensitivity tests using proportion method (hereinafter referred to as drug susceptibility test) for TB strains anti-tb drug resistance test. Using χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test. Results: 1 770 cases of tuberculosis patients, 1 713 cases of patients with clofazimine sensitive, of 57 patients with drug resistance, and resistant rate was 3.2% (57/1 770), including patients with recurrent clofazimine, significantly higher than the initial percentages of patients [5.8% (38/656), 1.7% (19/1 114), χ²= 22.129, P = 0.000, P <0.01]; The drug resistance rates of poly-resistant, multi-drug resistant and extensively resistant patients to clofazimine were 1.0% (17/1 770), 1.2% (21/1 770) and 1.1% (19/1 770), respectively. Has a history of hospitalization of clofazimine resistance of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant patients resistant rate 2.4% (14/594), 2.7% (16/594), respectively, higher than 0.6% (7/1 176) with no history of hospitalized patients, 0.3% (3/1 176), the differences were statistically significant (χ²=10.447,22.099, P =0.001,<0.001). Conclusion: Clofazimine has a low resistance rate, which can improve the treatment success rate of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis and has important value.

Published
2021
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28. Efficacy of Moxifloxacin against Mycobacterium abscessus in Zebrafish Model in vivo .

Author

Nie WJ, Xie ZY, Gao S, Teng TL, Zhou WQ, Shang YY, Jing W, Shi WH, Wang QF, Huang XR, Cai BY, Wang J, Wang J, Guo R, Ge QP, Nie LH, Han XQ, Du YD, and Chu NH

Subjects
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Moxifloxacin pharmacology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Mycobacterium abscessus drug effects, Zebrafish
Abstract

Objective: Moxifloxacin (MFX) shows good in vitro activity against Mycobacterium abscessus and can be a possible antibiotic therapy to treat M. abscessus infection; however, other studies have shown a lower or no activity. We aimed to evaluate MFX activity against M. abscessus using zebrafish (ZF) model in vivo ., Methods: A formulation of M. abscessus labeled with CM-Dil was micro-injected into ZF. Survival curves were determined by recording dead ZF every day. ZF were lysed, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Bacteria dissemination and fluorescence intensity in ZF were analyzed. Inhibition rates of MFX and azithromycin (AZM, positive control) were determined and compared., Results: Significantly increased survival rate was observed with different AZM concentrations. However, increasing MFX concentration did not result in a significant decrease in ZF survival curve. No significant differences in bacterial burdens by CFU loads were observed between AZM and MFX groups at various concentrations. Bacterial fluorescence intensity in ZF was significantly correlated with AZM concentration. However, with increasing MFX concentration, fluorescence intensity decreased slightly when observed under fluorescence microscope. Transferring rates at various concentrations were comparable between the MFX and AZM groups, with no significant difference., Conclusion: MFX showed limited efficacy against M . abscessus in vivo using ZF model. Its activity in vivo needs to be confirmed., (Copyright © 2020 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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29. Improvement cues of lesion absorption using the adjuvant therapy of traditional Chinese medicine Qinbudan tablet for retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis with standard anti-tuberculosis regimen.

Author

Zhang SY, Fu JY, Guo XY, Wu DZ, Zhang T, Li C, Qiu L, Shao CR, Xiao HP, Chu NH, Deng QY, Zhang X, Yan XF, Wang ZL, Zhang ZJ, Jiang X, Zheng YJ, Zheng PY, Zhang HY, and Lu ZH

Subjects
Adult, Antitubercular Agents adverse effects, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retreatment statistics & numerical data, Tablets, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary pathology, Young Adult, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Medicine, Chinese Traditional statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy
Abstract

Background: China is the second highest pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) burden country worldwide. However, retreatment of PTB has often developed resistance to at least one of the four first-line anti-TB drugs. The cure rate (approximately 50.0-73.3%) and management of retreatment of PTB in China needs to be improved. Qinbudan decoction has been widely used to treat PTB in China since the 1960s. Previously clinical studies have shown that the Qinbudan tablet (QBDT) promoted sputum-culture negative conversion and lesion absorption. However, powerful evidence from a randomized controlled clinical trial is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of QBDT as an adjunct therapy for retreatment of PTB., Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in China. People diagnosed with PTB were enrolled who received previous anti-TB treatment from April 2011 to March 2013. The treatment group received an anti-TB regimen and QBDT, and the control group was administered an anti-TB regimen plus placebo. Anti-TB treatment options included isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin for 2 months (2HRZES), followed by isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol for 6 months (6HRE), daily for 8 months. Primary outcome was sputum-culture conversion using the MGIT 960 liquid medium method. Secondary outcomes included lung lesion absorption and cavity closure. Adverse events and reactions were observed after treatment. A structured questionnaire was used to record demographic information and clinical symptoms of all subjects. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 25.0 software in the full analysis set (FAS) population., Results: One hundred eighty-one cases of retreatment PTB were randomly divided into two groups: the placebo group (88 cases) and the QBDT group (93 cases). A total of 166 patients completed the trial and 15 patients lost to follow-up. The culture conversion rate of the QBDT group and placebo group did not show a noticeable improvement by using the covariate sites to correct the rate differences (79.6% vs 69.3%; rate difference = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.02-0.23; F = 2.48, P = 0.12) after treatment. A significant 16.6% increase in lesion absorption was observed in the QBDT group when compared with the placebo group (67.7% vs 51.1%; rate difference = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.02-0.31; χ 2  = 5.56, P = 0.02). The intervention and placebo group did not differ in terms of cavity closure (25.5% vs 21.1%; rate difference = 0.04, 95% CI: - 0.21-0.12; χ 2  = 0.27, P = 0.60). Two patients who received chemotherapy and combined QBDT reported pruritus/nausea and vomiting., Conclusions: No significant improvement in culture conversion was observed for retreatment PTB with traditional Chinese medicine plus standard anti-TB regimen. However, QBDT as an adjunct therapy significantly promoted lesion absorption, thereby reducing lung injury due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection., Trial Registration: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02313610.

Published
2020
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30. Therapeutic drug monitoring of cycloserine and linezolid during anti-tuberculosis treatment in Beijing, China.

Author

Zhu H, Guo SC, Liu ZQ, Wang B, Fu L, Chu NH, and Lu Y

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Beijing, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cycloserine therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Linezolid therapeutic use, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Young Adult, Antitubercular Agents blood, Cycloserine blood, Drug Monitoring, Linezolid blood, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant blood
Abstract

Setting: Plasma concentrations of cycloserine (CS) and linezolid (LZD) in tuberculosis (TB) patients are largely unknown., Objective: To measure the plasma concentrations of CS and LZD after drug ingestion in drug-resistant TB patients., Design: Patients who received CS and LZD as part of their treatment between 1 July 2012 and 1 July 2016 were studied retrospectively. CS and LZD plasma levels were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma drug concentration, age, sex, liver disease, renal disease, administered doses and diabetes mellitus status were recorded., Results: Based on 390 samples, CS plasma concentrations were below the lower limit of normal (54.87%, 214/390). There was a statistically significant difference between the low concentration group (14.0 ± 3.71 μg/ml) and the target concentration group (25.2 ± 3.73 μg/ml, P < 0.01). The mean plasma concentration of LZD was 15.6 ± 4.91 μg/ml, which was within the target concentration (12-26 μg/ml) in 65 patients. Variables that correlated with CS and LZD concentrations were not found in this retrospective study., Conclusion: Low plasma CS concentrations were common, while 83.1% (54/65) of plasma LZD concentrations were within the target range. Therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to maintain appropriate plasma drug concentrations in the era of precision medicine.

Published
2018
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32. Sexual violence cases in a hospital setting in Hong Kong: victims' demographic, event characteristics, and management.

Author

Chiu WK, Lam WC, Chu NH, Mok CK, Tung WK, Leung FY, and Ting SM

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Demography, Female, Hong Kong, Hospitals, Humans, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Sexually Transmitted Diseases classification, Young Adult, Contraception, Postcoital statistics & numerical data, Crime Victims statistics & numerical data, Sex Offenses statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
Abstract

Introduction: Rainlily, the first one-stop crisis centre in Hong Kong, was set up in 2000 to protect female victims of sexual violence. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of sexual assault cases and victims who presented to two hospitals in Hong Kong. The data are invaluable for health care professionals and policymakers to improve service provision to these victims., Methods: This retrospective analysis of hospital records was conducted in two acute hospitals under the Hospital Authority in Hong Kong. Sexual assault victims who attended the two hospitals between May 2010 and April 2013 were included. Characteristics of the cases and the victims, the use of alcohol and drugs, involvement of violence, and the outcome of the victims were studied., Results: During the study period, 154 sexual assault victims attended either one of the two hospitals. Their age ranged from 13 to 64 years. The time from assault to presentation ranged from 1 hour to more than 5 months. Approximately 50% of the assailants were strangers. Approximately 50% of victims presented with symptoms; the most common were pelvic and genitourinary symptoms. Those with symptoms (except pregnancy) presented earlier than those without. The use of alcohol and drugs was involved in 36.4% and 11.7% of cases, respectively. Approximately 10% of the screened victims were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. There were 11 pregnancies with gestational age ranged from 6 weeks to 5 months at presentation. Less than half of the victims completed follow-up care., Conclusions: Involvement of alcohol and drugs is not uncommon in sexual assault cases. Efforts should be made to promote public education, enhance coordination between medical and social services, and improve the accessibility and availability of clinical care. Earlier management and better compliance with follow-up can minimise the health consequences and impact on victims.

Published
2016
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34. [Frequency and clinical relevance of rapidly growing mycobacterium isolated from respiratory samples].

Author

Duan HF, Wang QF, Wang J, Wang J, Huang HR, and Chu NH

Subjects
Bacteriological Techniques, Beijing, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Humans, Mycobacterium fortuitum classification, Mycobacterium fortuitum isolation & purification, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria classification, Retrospective Studies, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria isolation & purification
Abstract

Objective: To assess the frequency and clinical relevance of rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) isolates in a tuberculosis referral center in Beijing, China., Methods: All isolates were identified by using targeted gene sequencing. RESULTS of species identification for 228 nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) isolates from respiratory samples were analyzed, and available medical files of patients from whom NTM were isolated were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnostic criteria for RGM pulmonary disease issued by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) were used to determine clinical relevance., Results: Isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abscessus) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (M.fortuitum) accounted for 28.9% (66 isolates) and 8.8% (20 isolates)of NTM isolates, respectively. Sixty-six M. abscessus isolates from 32 patients had evaluable medical files, including 28 cases diagnosed as definite M. abscessus lung disease, and 4 as probable M. abscessus lung disease. Eight M. fortuitum isolates from 8 cases had evaluable medical files, and all of them were diagnosed as unlikely lung disease. Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) was more effective to diagnose M. abscessus lung disease, as compared with Lowestein-Jensen medium (23/24 vs 18/28)., Conclusions: RGM is a common NTM in our institute. M. abscessus is mostly associated with RGM lung disease, but M. fortuitum is not.

Published
2016
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35. Trajectory classes of violent behavior and their relationship to lipid levels in schizophrenia inpatients.

Author

Chen SC, Chu NH, Hwu HG, and Chen WJ

Subjects
Adult, Age of Onset, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenic Psychology, Sex Factors, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Schizophrenia blood, Triglycerides blood, Violence
Abstract

Objective: To characterize the trajectory patterns of violence in schizophrenia inpatients, examine the relationships between the violence trajectories and baseline clinical features and lipid levels, and generate a model to predict the more violent trajectories., Methods: In a sample of 107 consecutively admitted patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, violent behavior was weekly rated using the Violence Scale. The patients' blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at admission. A trajectory analysis was used to classify the patients' longitudinal courses in violence, and the correlates of these trajectories were assessed using multinomial logistic regression analyses. A stepwise logistic regression was used to select the best predictor variables for the more violent trajectories., Results: Four violence trajectories of inpatients were obtained: class 1 (no violence, 37.4%), class 2 (low-leveling off, 39.2%), class 3 (high-falling sharply, 10.3%), and class 4 (high-falling slowly, 13.1%). Although the relationship between decreasing TC and TG levels and increased violence in the trajectory classes did not reach statistical significance, a decreasing trend in the proportion of high dichotomized-TG levels was significantly associated with more violence in the trajectory classes (p = 0.04). A five-variable model consisting of female gender, early onset, higher scores of positive symptoms, lower scores of negative symptoms, and low dichotomized-TC levels had a predictive accuracy of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.72-0.97)., Conclusions: Distinct violence trajectories exist in schizophrenia inpatients, and the more violent trajectories can be predicted using baseline clinical features and lipid levels., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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36. Role of bicyclol in preventing drug-induced liver injury in tuberculosis patients with liver disease.

Author

Chu NH, Li L, Zhang X, Gu J, Du YD, Cai C, and Xiao HP

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, China, Fatty Liver drug therapy, Female, Hepatitis B drug therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Antitubercular Agents adverse effects, Biphenyl Compounds administration & dosage, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury prevention & control, Liver drug effects, Tuberculosis drug therapy
Abstract

Setting: Four hospitals in China., Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of using bicyclol in conjunction with glucurolactone in preventing drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in tuberculosis (TB) patients suffering from underlying liver disease., Design: A total of 240 initially treated TB patients who were healthy hepatitis B carriers or had pure steatosis were randomised into two equal groups; both received an oral glucurolactone tablet 600 mg/day (200 mg three times daily) as basic liver protection. The test group also received 75 mg/day (25 mg three times daily) bicyclol tablets orally, while the control group received no other liver protection. The incidence of liver injury in the two groups, the adjustment or termination of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy and any adverse reactions were assessed., Results: The incidence rate and level of severity of liver injury and the termination rate of anti-tuberculosis treatment in the test group were lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The overall time of occurrence of liver injury was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Adding bicyclol to basic liver protectants may effectively and safely prevent the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis DILI in patients with underlying liver disease, and help simplify anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Published
2015
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37. [Clinical analysis of protionamide and para-aminosalicylic acid induced hepatotoxicity in 129 cases].

Author

Ge QP, Wang QF, Duan HF, Wang J, and Chu NH

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aminosalicylic Acid therapeutic use, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury drug therapy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prothionamide therapeutic use, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Young Adult, Aminosalicylic Acid adverse effects, Antitubercular Agents adverse effects, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury epidemiology, Prothionamide adverse effects
Abstract

Objective: To investigate drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in tuberculosis (TB) patients treated with protionamide (Pto) and (or) para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), and therefore to provide data for using second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and risk prediction of liver damage., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for TB patients treated with regimens containing Pto and (or) PAS in Beijing Chest Hospital during Jan. 2008 to Jan. 2013. Cases with DILI were identified, and associated factors including patients' age and gender, time of onset, severity, clinical manifestations and prognosis of DILI were analyzed. The 2 groups were compared with χ(2) test. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant., Results: A total of 1714 cases were admitted, among whom 226 experienced liver damage during treatment, of which 97 cases were excluded because of underlying alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis B and C. Finally, 129 cases were diagnosed as having DILI, resulting in an overall incidence of 7.5% (129/1714), being 9.2% (59/641) in females, and 6.5% (70/1073) in males (χ(2) = 4.143, P < 0.05). DILI in most patients occurred between 1 week to 2 months, with 30.2% (39/129) within 2-4 weeks. 47.3% (61/129) of the patients showed no obvious clinical symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Among different regimens, combination of Pto, PAS and PZA resulted in the highest rate of DILI (20.7%, 19/92), while the rate was 9.8% (8/82) for the combination of Pto and PZA, P < 0.05., Conclusions: DILI caused by Pto and PAS should be taken into account, especially in female patients and for multi-drug combination therapy. Liver function should be monitored even in patients without related clinical manifestations for early identification and treatment, and therefore avoiding severe liver damage.

Published
2013

38. [Mycobacterium abscessus group lung disease: case reports and review of the literature].

Author

Duan HF, Chu NH, Wang QF, Wang J, Huang HR, and Liang Q

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Lung Abscess diagnosis, Lung Abscess drug therapy, Lung Diseases drug therapy, Lung Diseases microbiology, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Retrospective Studies, Lung Abscess microbiology, Lung Diseases diagnosis, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis
Abstract

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations and efficacy of a combination antibiotic therapy including cefoxitin for Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abscessus) group lung disease., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations of 16 patients with M.abscessus group lung disease, and the responses of 5 cases treated with whole-course clarithromycin and moxifloxacin, initially intensified with intravenous amikacin and cefoxitin therapy for the first 12 weeks., Results: Radiological study showed that 14 patients with M.abscessus group pulmonary disease were classified as nodular bronchiectasis form, and 1 patient as upper lobe cavity form and 1 patient was unclassifiable. The radiological characteristics of M.abscessus group pulmonary disease included multiple micronodules (14/16), bronchiectasis (14/16), tree in bud sign (13/16), cavity (5/16), consolidation (5/16), nodules (5/16), and collapse of lung (3/16). Five cases were treated with a combination antibiotic therapy including cefoxitin. After 3 months treatment for the initial phase, 2 of them got improvement in symptoms, CT manifestations and sputum conversion. Two of them improved in symptoms and CT manifestations, but not in sputum conversion. One case showed no improvement in the initial phase, and continuation therapy also failed to improve symptoms, CT abnormalities or sputum conversion., Conclusions: Nodular bronchiectasis is the main manifestation of M.abscessus group lung disease. The main imaging characteristics included multiple micronodules, bronchiectasis and tree in bud sign. A therapeutic regimen including cefoxitin may be moderately effective in treating M.abscessus group lung disease.

Published
2013

39. [The analysis of clinical data about the treatment of linezolid against tuberculosis].

Author

Nie WJ and Chu NH

Subjects
Acetamides administration & dosage, Acetamides adverse effects, Animals, Antibiotics, Antitubercular administration & dosage, Antibiotics, Antitubercular adverse effects, Antibiotics, Antitubercular therapeutic use, Antitubercular Agents administration & dosage, Antitubercular Agents adverse effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Linezolid, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Oxazolidinones administration & dosage, Oxazolidinones adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant microbiology, Acetamides therapeutic use, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Oxazolidinones therapeutic use, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy
Published
2013

40. [Comparison of clinical manifestations between Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex and Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary diseases].

Author

Duan HF, Wang J, Chu NH, Huang XR, Wang QF, Huang HR, and Liang Q

Subjects
Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Retrospective Studies, Lung Abscess diagnosis, Lung Abscess microbiology, Mycobacterium avium Complex, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection diagnosis
Abstract

Objective: To compare the clinical manifestations of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary diseases caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus., Methods: The clinical manifestations of 18 patients with MAC and 9 patients with Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary diseases diagnosed from 2010 to 2011 were reviewed., Results: There were no significant differences in the gender, age, body mass index, predisposed diseases, symptoms and positive sputum acid-fast bacillus between MAC and Mycobacterium abscessus groups. Upper lobe cavities were more frequently observed in the MAC group (13/18), whereas nodular bronchiectatic changes were more frequent in the Mycobacterium abscessus group (3/9). Compared with MAC pulmonary diseases, several imaging characteristics were more common in the Mycobacterium abscessus group, including bilateral micro nodules (Mycobacterium abscessus group 8/9 vs MAC group 7/18), tree-in-bud sign (Mycobacterium abscessus group 7/9 vs MAC group 6/18) and multiple bronchiectasis (Mycobacterium abscessus group 8/9 vs MAC group 5/18)., Conclusions: There was considerable overlap in clinical characteristics of MAC and Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary diseases. However, bilateral micro nodules, tree-in-bud sign and multiple bronchiectasis were more frequently seen in Mycobacterium abscessus than in MAC pulmonary diseases, while upper lobe cavities were more frequently seen in MAC than in Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary diseases.

Published
2012

41. Pyrazinamide-induced sideroblastic anaemia.

Author

Chu NH, Wang J, and Wang QF

Subjects
Adult, Anemia, Sideroblastic diagnosis, Anemia, Sideroblastic therapy, Humans, Male, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Anemia, Sideroblastic chemically induced, Antitubercular Agents adverse effects, Pyrazinamide adverse effects, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy
Published
2012
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42. [Analysis of the antimycobacterial activities of rifabutin and the relationship between drug-resistance and rpoB mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

Author

Han XQ, Huang HR, Li YJ, Yu X, Gao JT, Bi ZQ, Chu NH, Li L, and Ma Y

Subjects
DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Rifabutin pharmacology, Rifampin pharmacology
Abstract

Objective: To compare the antimycobacterial activities of rifampicin (RFP) and rifabutin (RBT), and to evaluate the correlation between RBT resistance and genetic alterations in the rpoB gene., Methods: The microplate-based alamar blue assay (MABA) method was performed to detect the antimycobacterial activities of RFP and RBT in 168 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Meanwhile, we also analyzed the 81 bp core region of rpoB gene by DNA sequencing. The rate of gene mutations was analyzed by chi-square test., Results: RBT was sensitive for all of the 66 RFP-sensitive strains with no mutations in 81 bp core region of rpoB gene. But of the 102 RFP-resistant strains, 76 strains were also resistant to RBT. Cross resistance between RFP and RBT was 74.5% (76/102). Alterations at codons 516, 526, 531 in the rpoB gene correlated with resistance to both RFP and RBT. While point mutations at codons 511 and 533 possibly influenced the susceptibility to RFP but not to RBT. The mutation rate (92.1%, 70/76) of rpoB gene of RBT-resistant strains was significantly higher than that (23.9%, 22/92) of RBT-sensitive strains (χ(2) = 78.12, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: RBT was more active against M. tuberculosis as compared to RFP. The RFP-resistant strains with MIC ≤ 4 mg/L were still susceptible to RBT. Our results suggest that analysis of genetic alterations in the rpoB gene is useful for predicting RFP-resistance, and may have implications for evaluating RBT-resistance.

Published
2011

43. [Tissue distribution and deposition of clofazimine in mice following oral administration of isoniazid].

Author

Lu Y, Zheng MQ, Wang B, Zhao WJ, Fu L, Li P, Liang BW, and Chu NH

Subjects
Administration, Oral, Animals, Kidney metabolism, Liver metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Tissue Distribution, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Clofazimine pharmacokinetics, Isoniazid pharmacology
Abstract

Objective: Tissue distribution and deposition of clofazimine in mice were investigated following administration of clofazimine with or without isoniazid., Methods: Kunming mice were given clofazimine suspension orally at a daily dose of 13 mg/kg body weight either alone or with isoniazid (25 mg/kg body weight) for a single dose or for 1 or 2 months. Tissues (liver, lung, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, fat) and pooled plasma were analyzed for clofazimine in all the treated groups by high-performance liquid chromatography., Results: The levels of clofazimine in fat tissues, kidneys, spleens, livers, lungs and small intestine were the highest in mice receiving the drug continuously for 2 months, and were also higher in mice receiving the drug for 1 month as compared to mice receiving a single dose administration. After continuous administration for 1 or 2 months, the clofazimine level was the highest in fat tissues as compared to other tissue samples. The clofazimine level in the lungs was higher in mice receiving concomitant administration of isoniazid [1 month (57 +/- 11) microg/g, 2 months (73 +/- 49) microg/g]than in those receiving clofazimine alone [1 month (32 +/- 8) microg/g, 2 months (47 +/- 12) microg/g], but the clofazimine level in the fat tissue was significantly lower in mice receiving concomitant isoniazid [1 month (289 +/- 30) microg/g, 2 months (275 +/- 119) microg/g], than in those receiving clofazimine alone [1 month (433 +/- 53) microg/g, 2 months (527 +/- 158) microg/g]., Conclusion: Concomitant administration of isoniazid reduced clofazimine levels significantly in fat tissues while resulted in an increase of its level in lung tissues.

Published
2009

44. [Study on the efficacy and safety of short-term treatment including fluoroquinolones anti-tuberculosis drugs for rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].

Author

Kang WL, Xie YG, Tan WG, Chu NH, Li L, You YH, Yang YZ, Wang XM, Yan XL, Miao ZP, and Duanmu HJ

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents adverse effects, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, China, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Fluoroquinolones adverse effects, Fluoroquinolones therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rifampin pharmacology, Treatment Outcome, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant prevention & control, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control, Antitubercular Agents administration & dosage, Fluoroquinolones administration & dosage, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-term treatment including fluoroquinolones anti-tuberculosis drugs for rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in those areas carrying out the 'TB control project'., Methods: TB cases involved in this study were from TB drug resistance surveillance in Heilongjiang province, Zhejiang province and Shenzhen city from 2004 to 2006. TB cases with rifampicin resistant were randomly divided into the treatment group (including fluoroquinolones anti-tuberculosis drugs group) and the control group (re-treatment regimen group). The treatment group was treated with 3RFT AM Ofx Pto PAS-INH/5RFT Ofx Pto PAS-INH while the control group was treated with 3 H3R3Z3E3S3/5 H3R3E3. Efficacy of short-term treatment was analyzed by per-protocol analysis (PP analysis) and intention-to-treat analysis (ITT analysis) while drug adverse reactions was also observed., Results: (1) 154 patients with rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were recruited among them, 25 (16.2%) were only resistant to rifampicin, 114 (74.0%) to MDR-TB and 15 (9.8%) to others (resistant R+S, resistant R+E and resistant R+E+S). 114 TB cases completed the full course of treatment,with 71 in the treatment group and 43 in the control group. (2) Sputum negative conversion rate of the treatment group and the control group were 78.9% and 65.1% (chi2CMH = 4.558, P = 0.011) respectively, by per-protocol analysis. Sputum negative conversion rate of the treatment group and the control group were 65.9% and 40.6% (chi2CMH = 0.272, P = 0.001) respectively, by intention-to-treat analysis. The sputum negative conversion rate of the treatment group was higher than in the control group when treating rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and MDR-TB patients. (3) Three patients withdrew in each of the two groups because of adverse effects to the drugs. Rates of adverse reaction to drugs appeared to be 23.9% (17/71) and 18.6% (8/43) in the treatment and in the control groups, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups., Conclusion: The efficacy of treatment including fluoroquinolones anti-tuberculosis drugs group seemed better than the re-treatment regimen group in treating patients with rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and those MDR-TB patients.

Published
2009

45. [Effects of two treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis in tuberculosis control project areas: a comparative study].

Author

Li L, Zheng SH, Chu NH, Xie YG, Yang YZ, Li Q, Wang XM, Yan XL, Tan WG, Miao ZP, and Duanmu HJ

Subjects
Adult, Aged, China, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Rifampin pharmacology, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy
Abstract

Objectives: To search for an ideal therapeutic regimen for multidrug resistant tuberculosis conforming to the situation of China., Methods: One hundred and fifty-four patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis, 114 multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) and 40 resistant to other drugs, in Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, and Shenzhen, 107 males and 47 females, aged 39 (19-77), were randomly divided into 2 groups: 85 patients in the group of drug-resistant regimen, 3RFT AM Ofx Pto PAS-INH/5RFT Ofx Pto PAS-INH regimen, including rifapentine (RFT), amikacin (Am), ofloxacin (Ofx), protionamide (Pto), para-aminosalicylic acid-isoniazid (PAS-INH) for 3 months and then RFT, Ofx, Pto, and PAS-INH for 5 months, and 69 in the retreatment regimen group undergoing 3 H3R3Z3E3S3/5 H3R3E3, including isoniazid (H), rifampin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) for 3 months and then H, R, and E for 5 months. Sputum smear was checked and the sputum smear conversion rate was calculated as an effective treatment indicator 3, 6, and 8 months later., Results: One hundred and fourteen of the 154 patients were treated for a good 8 months. The sputum smear conversion rate 8 months after treatment of the drug-resistant regimen group was 65.9% (56/85), significantly higher than that of the retreatment regimen group [40.6% (28/69), chi2 = 9.834, P = 0.002]. Eighty-five of the 114 MDR-TB patients had been treated for a good 8 months with a sputum smear conversion rate of 61.8% (42/68), significantly higher than that of the retreatment regimen group [39.1% (18/46), chi2 = 5.638, P = 0.018]. Sputum smear conversion at the end of the 8th month was related to age, course of disease, therapeutic regimen, and the type of drug-resistance (all P < 0.05). The side-effect rate of the drug-resistant regimen group was 23.9% (17/71), higher than that of the retreatment regimen group [18.6% (8/43)], but not significantly (chi2 = 0.446, P = 0.504)., Conclusion: The drug-resistant regimen recommended above is more effective than the retreatment regimen and should be considered in the areas where the WHO guideline fails to be followed or drug sensitivity test (DST) cannot be conducted and adjusted according to the results of DST and treatment.

Published
2008

46. [Activities of clofazimine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo].

Author

Lu Y, Zheng MQ, Wang B, Zhao WJ, Li P, Chu NH, and Liang BW

Subjects
Animals, Clofazimine therapeutic use, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Clofazimine pharmacology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Tuberculosis microbiology
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antituberculous activities of clofazimine., Methods: The MIC of clofazimine against H(37)Rv and 30 MDR-TB clinical strains were determined by microplate Alamar blue assays. Female BALB/c mice were infected with M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv (10(5) CFU/mouse). The infected mice were divided into the following groups: a control group, treated with saline 5 times per week; isoniazid treatment group, 25 mg/kg, 5 times per week; clofazimine 20 mg/kg group, 5 times per week; clofazimine 10 mg/kg group, 5 times per week, and another clofazimine 20 mg/kg group, but the drug was given twice weekly. The drugs and saline were administered by gavage, and the treatment lasted for 30 days after infection. Five mice from each group were assessed for bacterial CFU count and organ weights of the lung and spleen on day 30., Results: The MIC of clofazimine against M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv was 0.12 - 0.24 microg/ml, and the MIC against 30 MDR-TB clinical strains ranged from 0.12 to 1.92 microg/ml. In the murine model, clofazimine treatments decreased the CFU by 1.39 - 2.92 lg as compared to that of the control group on day 30., Conclusions: Clofazimine has in vitro and in vivo activities against M. tuberculosis.

Published
2008

47. [The effect of interventional therapy in multimodality treatment on multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].

Author

Fu Y, Chu NH, Yuan SL, Chen W, Wang W, Luo YA, Xiao HP, and Zhu LZ

Subjects
Adult, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Treatment Outcome, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of interventional therapy with antituberculous drug instillation to the lesions in the treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB) on conventional therapy., Methods: Sixty-one cases of MDR TB were included from January 2001 to October 2002 in five hospitals. Pasiniazide, rifapentine levofloxacin, ethambutol, ethionamide, amikacin and clarithromycin were used as the basic chemotherapy regimen. In addition, M. vaccac and interventional therapy were used, and chemotherapy was continued for a total of 18 months., Results: The sputum negative conversion rate (including sputum smear and culture) was 50.8% (31/61) after 3 months of interventional therapy. The rate increased to 83.6% (51/61) after 18 months of therapy. Chest X-ray showed that, the foci were markedly absorbed in 50.8% (31/61), and the effective rate was 93.4% (57/61) after 3 months of therapy. The foci were markedly absorbed in 78.7% (48/61) after 18 months of treatment. The effective rate was 96.7%. The rate of cavity closure was 21.3% (13/61) after 3 months of interventional therapy and it increased to 49.2% (30/61) after 18 months of treatment. The rate of symptom disappearance was 73.2%-94.4%, including fever, hemoptysis and dyspnea., Conclusion: For the treatment of MDR-TB, interventional therapy is effective in improving sputum negative conversion, lesion absorption and cavity closure.

Published
2008

48. [The clinical significance of serum tuberculosis specific antigen antibody in the diagnosis of tuberculosis].

Author

Gao MQ, Chu NH, Wang HY, Zhao QR, Li H, Gao XS, and Luo T

Subjects
Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Lung Diseases blood, Lung Diseases diagnosis, Lung Diseases microbiology, Male, Middle Aged, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sputum microbiology, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis blood, Tuberculosis microbiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary blood, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Young Adult, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Tuberculosis diagnosis
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the significance of serum tuberculosis specific antigen (TB-SA) antibody detection in the diagnosis of tuberculosis., Methods: TB-SA antibody in the serum samples from 829 cases of tuberculosis, 278 patients with non-tuberculosis lung diseases and 125 healthy volunteers were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tuberculosis was confirmed by clinical, bacteriology, X-ray examination and pathology studies., Results: The sensitivity of TB-SA antibody in diagnosis of bacteriologically positive and negative pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis was 75.1% (272/362), 68.9% (226/328) and 71.2% (99/139), respectively; the combined sensitivity was 72.0% (597/829), and the specificity 82.1% (331/403). The relationship between the OD(405) of TB-SA antibody and PPD positivity showed no linear relationship, suggesting that BCG vaccination did not affect the value of serum TB-SA antibody., Conclusion: The results suggest that measurement of serum TB-SA is a relatively sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Published
2007

49. [A controlled clinical trial of long course chemotherapy regimens containing rifabutin in the treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].

Author

Zhu LZ, Fu Y, Chu NH, Ye ZZ, Xiao HP, Wang W, Yuan SL, Zhang X, Luo YA, and Ma LP

Subjects
Adult, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rifabutin therapeutic use, Rifampin administration & dosage, Rifampin analogs & derivatives, Rifampin therapeutic use, Antitubercular Agents administration & dosage, Rifabutin administration & dosage, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the curative effect and safety of a long course regimen containing Chinese-made rifabutin as compared to the regimen containing rifapentine in the treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis., Method: During 18 month treatment, 130 patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into a treatment group (rifabutin, pasiniazide, levofloxacin, ethambutol, ethionamide, amikacin for 3 months, rifabutin, pasiniazide, levofloxacin, ethambutol, ethionamide for 6 months, rifabutin, pasiniazide, levofloxacin, ethambutol for 9 months), and a control group (rifapentine, pasiniazide, levofloxacin, ethambutol, ethionamide, amikacin for 3 months, rifabutin, pasiniazide, levofloxacin, ethambutol, ethionamide for 6 months, rifabutin, pasiniazide, levofloxacin, ethambutol for 9 months) with proportion 1:1 random, and parallel compared method., Results: After intensive phase, the sputum negative conversion rates (smear negative, culture negative) of the treatment group and the control group were 41.54% (27/65) and 35.94% (23/65), chi(2) = 2.42, P > 0.05, respectively. The remarkable effective rates in chest X-ray of the two groups were all 10.77% (7/65), chi(2) = 0.01, P > 0.05, and the effective rates were 67.69% (44/65) and 56.92% (37/65), chi(2) = 1.44, P > 0.05, respectively. At the end of the treatment, the sputum negative conversion rate (smear negative, culture negative) of the treatment group was 75.0% (48/65), and of the control group was 65.08% (41/65), chi(2) = 1.88, P > 0.05. The remarkable effective rates in chest X-ray of the two groups were 46.15% (30/65) and 44.62% (29/65), chi(2) = 0.02, P > 0.05, and the effective rates were 76.92% (50/65) and 73.85% (48/65), chi(2) = 0.19, P > 0.05, respectively. The cavity closure rates were 23.64% (13/55) and 33.33% (17/51), chi(2) = 0.00, P > 0.05, respectively., Conclusion: Regimens containing rifabutin or rifapentine. are very effective in sputum negative conversion rate, lesion absorption and cavity closing for the treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, with good safety and tolerance.

Published
2006

50. [Susceptibility test to rifampin by using quantitative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA].

Author

Lu Y, Zhu LZ, Chu NH, Duan LS, and Liang GF

Subjects
Biomarkers, Microbial Sensitivity Tests methods, RNA, Messenger analysis, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant microbiology, Antibiotics, Antitubercular pharmacology, Drug Resistance genetics, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Rifampin pharmacology
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the significance of quantitative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA in the test of susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to rifampin., Methods: The susceptibility to rifampin of fifty-three clinical isolated strains was test by the percentage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85B mRNA copies before and after the use of rifampin, and 1% and 10% were used as the standards for drug resistance, which was compared with the absolute concentration method. Among them, 29 were rifampin resistant strains and 24 rifampin sensitive strains., Results: When the concentration of rifampin was 1 micro g/ml, and 1% and 10% were used as the standards, the accuracy of quantitative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA with the absolute concentration method was 70% and 81% respectively, and the sensitivity of quantitative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA was 100% and 100% respectively, while the specificity of quantitative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA was 33% and 58%. When the concentration of rifampin was 2 micro g/ml, the accuracy of quantitative analysis of mRNA with the absolute concentration method was 85% and 93% respectively, and the sensitivity was 100% and 97% respectively, while the specificity was 67% and 88% respectively. When the concentration of rifampin was 4 micro g/ml, the accuracy was 93% and 93%, and the sensitivity was 93% and 93%, while the specificity was 92% and 92%., Conclusions: Quantitative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA was a rapid, sensitive method in rifampin resistance screening. We suggest that the critical concentration of rifampin be 2 micro g/ml, and the critical proportion of mRNA copy be 10%.

Published
2004

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