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Abstract Neuropeptides are ubiquitous intercellular signaling molecules in the CNS and play diverse roles in modulating physiological functions by acting on specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among them, the elevenin signaling system is now believed to be present primarily in protostomes. Although elevenin was first identified from the L11 neuron of the abdominal ganglion in mollusc Aplysia californica, no receptors have been described in Aplysia, nor in any other molluscs. Here, using two elevenin receptors in annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we found three putative elevenin GPCRs in Aplysia. We cloned the three receptors and tentatively named them apElevR1, apElevR2, and apElevR3. Using an inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation assay, we demonstrated that Aplysia elevenin with the disulfide bond activated the three putative receptors with low EC50 values (ranging from 1.2 to 25 nM), supporting that they are true receptors for elevenin. In contrast, elevenin without the disulfide bond could not activate the receptors, indicating that the disulfide bond is required for receptor activity. Using alanine substitution of individual conserved residues other than the two cysteines, we showed that these residues appear to be critical to receptor activity, and the three different receptors had different sensitivities to the single residue substitution. Finally, we examined the roles of those residues outside the disulfide bond ring by removing these residues and found that they also appeared to be important to receptor activity. Thus, our study provides an important basis for further study of the functions of elevenin and its receptors in Aplysia and other molluscs.

Lateral diffused metal oxide semiconductors (LDMOS) used in power management integrated circuits demonstrate low anti-radiation performance. To address this issue, a high voltage radiation hardened LDMOS structure was studied, and an N-LDMOS device with a breakdown voltage of 60 V was designed.We analyzed the radiation hardening mechanism of the heavily doped P+well and buffer layer structures using the Ta ion model (Linear energy transfer, LET=79.2 MeV·cm2/mg) with a TCAD simulation tool and verified it via an irradiation test. The results revealed that by using the heavily doped P+well and buffer layer structures, the single event burnout voltage of the high-voltage LDMOS could be improved to 60 V.

Glutamine is one of the most abundant non-essential amino acids in human plasma and plays a crucial role in many biological processes of the human body. Tumor cells take up a large amount of glutamine to meet their rapid proliferation requirements, which is supported by the upregulation of glutamine transporters. Targeted inhibition of glutamine transporters effectively inhibits cell growth and proliferation in tumors. Among all cancers, digestive system malignant tumors (DSMTs) have the highest incidence and mortality rates, and the current therapeutic strategies for DSMTs are mainly surgical resection and chemotherapy. Due to the relatively low survival rate and severe side effects associated with DSMTs treatment, new treatment strategies are urgently required. This article summarizes the glutamine transporters involved in DSMTs and describes their role in DSMTs. Additionally, glutamine transporter-target drugs are discussed, providing theoretical guidance for the further development of drugs DSMTs treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an effective way to ensure the economic benefits of enterprises, process operating performance assessment has attracted more and more attention from industry and academia in recent years. In this paper, a stacked performance‐relevant enhanced denoising autoencoder (SPEDAE) network is designed for the operating performance assessment of industrial processes. Compared to the original denoising auto‐encoder (DAE), each performance‐relevant enhanced denoising auto‐encoder (PEDAE) not only reconstructs the input features in the output layer, but also strives to reconstruct the original input data and the performance grade labels simultaneously. Then the SPEDAE is formed by stacking multiple PEDAEs layer by layer. Through this improved training strategy, SPEDAE can avoid accumulated information loss during the deep feature extraction process, improve the robustness of the network, and extract features closely related to the operating performance, thereby better completing the assessment task. The effectiveness of the proposed assessment method is validated on the case of gold cyanide leaching process. Compared with several methods, the proposed SPEDAE has the highest accuracy and reaches 99.85%, which demonstrates its superiority in operating performance assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a second‐order modifier adaptation optimization based on the transfer model, which aims to improve the optimization efficiency. Although the traditional modifier adaptation strategy adds a bias to the model to meet the necessary condition of optimality (NCO), approximating only to the first‐order may neglect some key higher‐order information. Making use of as much higher‐order information as possible is an effective way to improve the efficiency of optimization. For this issue, by introducing the second‐order information into the modifier adaptation method to compensate the mismatch of higher‐order information during the optimization, the compensation of the mismatch between model and plant can get accelerated, thus improving the optimization efficiency. To overcome the difficulty of insufficient data for new process modelling, a process transfer model is also used to fit the relationship between manipulated variables and final product quality. The simulation study of the cobalt oxalate synthesis process shows that this strategy has better optimization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]