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Background: In Indonesia, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is still a prevalent nutritional concern among pregnant women. CED causes anemia, bleeding, irregular maternal weight gain, and infection. CED is influenced by food consumption intake, which is indirectly also influenced by cultural factors and family income levels. Pregnant women who live in coastal areas tend to have low purchasing power. Objectives: Analyzing the relationship between food consumption patterns and family income levels with the incidence of CED during pregnancy in coastal areas based on the results of other authors’ researches. Methods: This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines to select and assess the quality of the articles. Data sources came from PubMed, DOAJ, Garuda Portal, Proquest, and Google Scholar from 2013-2022. The keywords used were "Food Consumption” AND “Family Income” AND “Chronic Energy Deficiency Incidence” AND “Pregnancy in Coastal Areas”, AND “Socio-Cultural”, AND “Health Services”, AND “Food Access” and produced 18 articles. Discussions: Thirteen of 18 articles studied only discussed one variable, namely food consumption or family income, and five journals discussed two variables, namely food consumption and family income. 12 of 13 articles stated a significant relationship between food consumption and the incidence of CED in pregnancy in coastal areas; one article concluded the opposite. Pregnant women in coastal areas have a higher risk of experiencing CED due to low family income and lack of access to nutritious food. Conclusions: Prevention of CED for pregnant women in coastal areas is carried out by increasing family income and access to sufficient nutritious food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a major risk factor contributingthe poor nutritional status of mothers and their unborn babies. Promotive efforts are needed to improve maternal health status during pregnancy This community service activity was carried out by a team of students from Tanjung Karang Polytechnic along with Pekon Srikaton officials and Adiluwih Health Center, health workers. The purpose is to conduct educational and mentoring programs in an effort to improve nutritional status of pregnant women suffering from chronic energy deficiency (CED). The implementation of community service activities uses observation, counseling, and family empowerment methods. The targets of activity were 2 pregnant women suffering from CED. Assistance is carried out for 20 days for pregnant women starting from data collection, introspective surveys, health checks and education for pregnant women. This activity gave positive results as evidenced by weight gain of pregnant women and behavioral changes in food consumption. In conclusion, intensive and sustainable assistance has a significant positive impact. Pregnant women experienced an increased understanding of the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy, changes in a more balanced diet, and an increase in body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic Energy Deficiency is a condition characterized by a long-term insufficient intake of calories and/or nutrients relative to a person’s energy expenditure, leading to a negative energy balance. It is typically associated with inadequate nutrition and can result in various health issues. Objectives: 1) To find out prevalence of CED in ethnic Punjabi population. 2) To determine the sociodemographic factors affecting CED the study subjects. Materials & Methods: The study was a cross sectional study using simple random sampling technique. Taking the prevalence of CED as 30%, sample size came out to be 336, but for ease of convenience, 400 subjects were selected. Results: The study subjects comprised of 183 males and 217 females and there were 24 cases of CED in males and 52 in females. Maximum cases of CED were found in the age group of 20-29 years, in lower castes and low-income groups and in illiterates. Conclusion: According to this study, maximum number of CED was found in the age group of 20-29 years. Prevalence was significantly higher in females than males and its was maximum in lower castes at 35.8%. In lower income group and in the illiterate group, it was maximum and the results were statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundAdolescent growth and development is a period of very specific nutritional problems. As a result of poor growth and development, 36.3% of adolescents in Indonesia are at risk of developing CED. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of body image, the incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), and nutritional intake in adolescents in urban and rural areas.MethodsThis study used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional study conducted in Bandung and Sumedang on 387 adolescents aged 13–15 years. The instruments used in this study were body image questionnaire Figure Rating Scale (FRS) method, 2 × 24-h food recall, and anthropometry for Measuring mid upper arm circumference (MUAC).ResultsResults of this study showed that more than half of adolescents in urban (54.0%) and rural areas (61.7%) were at risk of CED, had negative body image perceptions in urban (69.1%) and rural areas (62.3%), and underconsumption of macronutrients in both urban and rural adolescents.ConclusionMost adolescents in urban and rural areas still consume less energy, carbohydrates, and protein. Perceived body image and nutrient intake contribute to the incidence of CED in adolescents.

Nutrition assistance for pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency and anemia to increase nutritional intake Background: Nutrition assistance for pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED) with family or community empowerment strategies and community participation is necessary to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women and babies during the 1000 first days of life. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of assisting pregnant women with CED on changes in nutrition intake in Bengkulu and Bandar Lampung City. Methods: The research design used a quasi-experimental design with a non-randomized control group pre and post-test design. The research was conducted in Bengkulu and Bandar Lampung city. A sample of 120 pregnant women with CED and anemia, consisting of 60 intervention groups and 60 control groups selected by purposive sampling. The intervention group received assistance from pregnant women by health cadres using nutrition education media from the second trimester of pregnancy to the mother before delivery for 3 months. Cadres carry out health promotion, monitor the nutritional status of pregnant women, and assist in supplementary feeding of pregnant women and Fe tablets. The control group received standard services from the puskesmas/posyandu without assistance from cadres. Nutrition intake includes intake of carbohydrates, protein, fat, iron, and calcium. Changes in nutritional intake before and after training were analyzed using a statistical paired t-test. Differences in nutritional intake between the intervention and control groups using independent t-test. Results: Nutrition assistance for pregnant women with CED and anemia was effective in improving the intake of carbohydrates, protein, fat, Fe, and calcium. There was an increase in the average intake of carbohydrates, protein, fat, Fe, and calcium in Bengkulu and Bandar Lampung City. Conclusions: Nutrition assistance for pregnant women with CED and anemia is effective in increasing nutrition intake.

There are several factors that occur Chronic Energy Deficiency incident (CED), one of them is parity. Based on preliminary data generated from pregnant women's visit book in January - December 2016 at BPM Mrs. "A" Gombang Village, Slahung Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency, 115 pregnant women with K1, 48 pregnant women with an upper arm circumference

Background: Undernutrition among rural Muslim population, especially the brick-kiln-workers may be a major health problem in India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 505 male adult brick-kiln workers of Murshidabad district, West Bengal was conducted. The body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) were used to evaluate CED (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). To assess nutritional status and to compare the utility of two different anthropometric indicators of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adult male brick-kiln workers. Results and Conclusion: BMI based prevalence of CED was 25.00% while under nutrition based on MUAC < 23.0 cm was 23.40%. Both these prevalence comes under the high-prevalence category (25.00%) indicating a serious situation according to World Health Organization recommendations. Among the low MUAC (

Background: Man needs a wide range of nutrients to lead a healthy and active life and these are derived through the diet they consume daily. Good nutrition is a basic component of health. The present paper assesses the Nutritional Profile of Textile Workers and Non Textile Workers of Uttar Pradesh. Methods: Out of total 920 subjects studied, 463 Textile Workers and 457 Non Textile Workers were randomly selected and interviewed for the purpose of study; Tools used were three days home visits and group meetings. Anthropometric measurements taken were height and weight. Dietary data was collected using standardized cups methods. Results: The findings depict that most of the Textile Workers and Non Textile Workers were basically non-vegetarian and majority of the Textile Workers and their families mostly missed regular pattern of three meals a day. Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) was found to be more prevalent in Textile Workers as compared to Non Textile Workers but the prevalence of over weight/obesity was seen more in Non Textile Workers. Conclusions: The nutritional status of the Textile Workers and their families was not an excellent one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional study, using body mass index (BMI), was undertaken to describe the anthropometric profile and nutritional status of the Desia Kondh, a tribal population of Orissa, India, which is characterized by rural poverty. A total of 326 (male = 154 and female = 172) adult (aged ≥18 years) Kondh (Desia Kondh) from three villages were studied. Approximately 16% of males and 26% of females were severely thin (BMI < 16.0). Overall, the extent of undernutrition (BMI < 18.5) was found to be very high (>75%), with prevalence of undernutrition in men and women of 74.5% and 76.6%, respectively. There was a significantly, p < 0.05, greater proportion of females in the lowest BMI groups. There was also a significant, p < 0.01, positive association between monthly income and BMI. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a high proportion of adult undernutrition and indicates a need for nutrition intervention programmes among the Kondh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]