Search

Your search keyword '"Christy Brady-Smith"' showing total 15 results
Start Over Author "Christy Brady-Smith"
15 results on '"Christy Brady-Smith"'

1. Mother–Infant Interactions in Early Head Start: A Person-Oriented Within-Ethnic Group Approach

Author

Rachel Chazan-Cohen, Mark A. Fine, Jean M. Ispa, Allison Sidle Fuligni, Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda, Christy Brady-Smith, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn

Subjects
African american, Intrusiveness, Social Psychology, Ethnic group, Mother-Infant Interactions, Mexican americans, Disease cluster, Early Head Start, Education, Developmental psychology, Person oriented, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

SYNOPSIS Objective . This article identifies patterns of mothering in low-income families from three ethnic groups and explores whether those patterns yield similar associations with child outcomes. Design . A person-centered within-group approach was used to examine observed patterns of mothering among European American (n = 740), African American (n = 604), and Mexican American (n = 322) low-income mothers and their 1-year-olds who were participating in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Cluster analytic techniques were employed using four dimensions of mothering coded from videotapes: supportiveness, directiveness/intrusiveness, negative regard, and detachment. Results . Three similar mothering patterns were seen within each ethnic group: Supportive (48%–52%), Directive (29%–30%), and Detached (14%–19%). Although the patterns of mothering were similar, mean scores on discrete mothering behaviors differed across ethnic groups. A fourth pattern—Harsh—was found among European American a...

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Patterns of Supportive Mothering with 1-, 2-, and 3-Year-Olds by Ethnicity in Early Head Start

Author

Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda, Allison Sidle Fuligni, Robert H. Bradley, Christy Brady-Smith, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Rachel Chazan-Cohen, and Lisa Boyce

Subjects
African american, Latin Americans, Social Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Ethnic group, Early Head Start, Psychology, Disease cluster, Education, Developmental psychology
Abstract

SYNOPSIS Objective . To examine patterns of supportive parenting during the first three years of life in low-income families from three ethnic backgrounds and document associations between these patterns and measures of children's development. Design . Mothers' supportiveness was longitudinally assessed from videotaped parent–child play interactions at 1, 2, and 3 years of age in 1,095 low-income European American, African American, and Latin American mothers and their children who participated in Early Head Start. Links between mothering and 5-year-olds' outcomes were examined. Results . Cluster analysis performed separately for the three ethnic groups identified four patterns of supportiveness over time: High Stable, Low Stable, Increasing, and Decreasing. Similar proportions of mothers in each ethnic group displayed each pattern. Ethnic differences in mean levels of supportiveness within each pattern were found, and different correlates for each group emerged. Conclusions . The same four patterns were ...

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Special Reviewers

Author

Joyce Abma, Alan Acock, Gregory Acs, Michele Adams, Ryan Adams, Marina A. Adler, Francesca Adler-Baeder, James W. Ainsworth, Sajeda Amin, Kathryn Anderson, Kristin Anderson, Peter Anderson, Siwan Anderson, Jacqueline Angel, Barbara Arrighi, Alice M. Atkinson, Sarah Avellar, Renee Babcock, Kristine Baber, Heather Bachman, M. V. Lee Badgett, Kathleen S. Bahr, Stephen Bahr, Paul Baker, Leena Banerjee, Jennifer Barber, Judith C. Barker, Grace M. Barnes, Rosalind C. Barnett, Rosemary Barnett, Denise S. Bartell, Judi Bartfeld, John Bartkowski, Suzanne Bartle-Haring, Brenda L. Bass, Christie D. Batson, Charles L. Baum II, Karl E. Bauman, Steven Beach, Irenee R. Beattie, Gijs Beets, Philip Belcastro, Brent B. Benda, Mary Benin, Mark Benson, Felix M. Berardo, Lawrence M. Berger, Roni Berger, Debra L. Berke, Brent Berry, Ann M. Beutel, Ann Biddlecom, Denise D. Bielby, Georgina Binstock, Thoroddur Bjarnason, Clancy Blair, Karen R. Blaisure, Rosemary Blieszner, Libby Blume, Catherine Bogin, Lon Bokker, Marc Bornstein, Angela Borsella, Pauline Boss, Genevieve Bouchard, Heather Bouchey, Sally Bould, Paul Boxer, Kathleen Boyce Rodgers, Robert Bozick, Thomas N. Bradbury, Robert H. Bradley, Christy Brady-Smith, Jenifer Bratter, Bonnie Braun, April A. Brayfield, Jennifer M. Brennom, Pia Britto, B. Bradford Brown, J. Brian Brown, Susan L. Brown, Sarah Jane Brubaker, Alex Bryson, Christy Buchanan, David V. Budescu, Rodger Bufford, Jennifer Bulanda, Ronald Bulanda, Larry L. Bumpass, Matt Bumpus, Amy M. Burdette, Carole Burgoyne, Jeffrey A. Burr, Amy C. Butler, Sarah M. Butler, Magnus Bygren, Lori Campbell, Deborah Capaldi, Kristin Carbone-Lopez, Paula Carder, Robert M. Carini, Elwood Carlson, Marcy J. Carlson, Dana R. Carney, Sandra Caron, Brian Carpenter, Sybil Carrere, Margaret L. Cassidy, Kathryn Castle, Rodney M. Cate, Willaim Chan, Maria Charles, David Cheal, Kyong Hee Chee, Zeng-yin Chen, Simon Cheng, Noelle Chesley, Erica Chito Childs, Andrew Christensen, Karen L. Christopher, F. Scott Christopher, Teresa Ciabattari, Andrea D. Clements, Mari Clements, Doug Coatsworth, Susan Cody, Susan R. Cody-Rydzewski, Andrew Cognard-Black, Catherine Cohan, Roberta L. Coles, Rebekah Levine Coley, Scott Coltrane, Terri Conley, Ingrid Arnet Connidis, Cynthia T. Cook, Jeff Cookston, James V. Cordova, Tara Cornelius, Duane Crawford, Cynthia M. Cready, Robert Crosnoe, Kyle D. Crowder, Ming Cui, Sara Curran, Martin Daly, Kevin M. David, Lorraine Davies, Kelly Davis, Shannon N. Davis, Pamela Davis-Kean, Ebenezer de Oliveira, Ed de St. Aubin, Helga de Valk, Susan De Vos, Kirby Deater-Deckard, David DeGarmo, Walter DeKeseredy, Thomas DeLeire, Mary DeLuccie, David H. Demo, Donna Dempster-McClain, Susanne Denham, Wayne Denton, Laurie DeRose, Linda E. Derscheid, Sonalde Desai, Lara Descartes, Jeffrey Dew, Peggye Dilworth-Anderson, Francis Dodoo, Lisa Dodson, Kevin Doll, David C. Dollahite, Brenda W. Donnelly, Denise A. Donnelly, Brian Doss, Stephen Drigotas, Greg J. Duncan, Karen A. Duncan, Charlotte Dunham, Rachel Dunifon, Julie Dunsmore, T. Elizabeth Durden, Linda Duxbury, Pearl Dykstra, Kathryn Edin, Mark Edwards, Marion Ehrenberg, Jennifer L. Ehrle Macomber, Melanie E. Elliott Wilson, Cheryl Elman, Norman Epstein, Shelly Eriksen, Carrie S. Erlin, Marie Evertsson, Mark Feinberg, Richard B. Felson, Kathryn Feltey, Rudy Fenwick, Rajulton Fernando, Margaret Ferrick, April Few, Carolyn Field, Karen L. Fingerman, Tamar Fischer, Terri Fisher, Anne C. Fletcher, Ruth E. Fleury-Steiner, Kory Floyd, Diana Formoso, E. Michael Foster, Melissa Franks, Leslie D. Frazier, Christine A. Fruhauf, Abbey Fruth, Vincent Kang Fu, Xuanning Fu, Megan Fulcher, Anastasia Gage, Constance T. Gager, Susan Gano-Phillips, Ge Gao, Karen Gareis, Irwin Garfinkel, Rosemary Gartner, Maria Gartstein, Margaret Gassanov, Monica M. Gaughan, Stephen M. Gavazzi, Xiaojia Ge, Lisa A. Gennetian, Jean Gerard, Jan Gerris, Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff, Jennifer P. Gerteisen Marks, Roseann Giarrusso, Christina Gibson-Davis, Jenny Gierveld, Wouter Gils, Jim Gladstone, Karen Glaser, Norval Glenn, Abbie Goldberg, Wendy Goldberg, Lonnie Golden, Calvin Goldscheider, Gian Gonzaga, Marie Good, Jacqueline Goodnow, Paula Y. Goodwin, Kristina C. Gordon, Rachel Gordon, Kim A. Goyette, Enrique Gracia, Deborah Graefe, Darlene Grant, Harold Grasmick, Kerry Green, Jan Stevens Greenberg, Emily A. Greenfield, Jeffrey H. Greenhaus, Theodore Greenstein, Arent Greve, Vincent Guilamo-Ramos, Shenyang Guo, Karen Guzzo, Linda Haas, Shelley A. Haddock, Scott Hall, Sherry Hamby, Darcy W. Hango, Jason D. Hans, Constance Hardesty, Kristen Harknett, Tammy Harpel, Shanette M. Harris, Jake Harwood, Daniel Hawkins, Susan Haworth-Hoeppner, Holly Heard, Tim B. Heaton, Heather Helms, Lewellyn Hendrix, Julia R. Henly, Carolyn Henry, Susan C. Herrick, Jerald Herting, Katherine Hertlein, Richard Heyman, E. Jeffrey Hill, Harry H. Hiller, Thomas Hirschl, Josette Hoekstra-Weebers, Lynette F. Hoelter, John P. Hoffmann, C. Richard Hofsetter, Dennis Hogan, Bryndl Hohmann-Marriott, Thomas Holman, Amy Holtzworth-Munroe, James M. Honeycutt, Jennifer Hook, Allan V. Horwitz, Cheryl A. Hosley, Sharon Houseknecht, Chien-Chung Huang, Joan Huber, Aine M. Humble, Andrea Hunter, Holly Jo Hunts, Sean-Shong Hwang, Janet Shibley Hyde, Maria Iacovou, John Iceland, Emily A. Impett, Jean Ispa, Miranda Jansen, Gregory R. Janson, Jana Jasinski, Susan Jekielek, Wei-Shiuan Jeng, Rachel Jewkes, Jutta M. Joesch, Matthew Johnson, Michael P. Johnson, Rosalind B. Johnson, Deborah Jones, Stephen Jorgensen, Pamela Joshi, Kara Joyner, Tony Jung, Ariel Kalil, Yoshinori Kamo, Claire M. Kamp Dush, Johan Karremans, Aarati Kasturirangan, Gayle Kaufman, Catherine Kaukinen, Kerry Kazura, Michelle L. Kelley, Candace Kemp, Jennifer Kerpelman, K. Jill Kiecolt, Tim Killian, Hyoun Kim, Irene J. Kim, Julia Kim, James Kirby, Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, Margie Kiter Edwards, David Klein, Renate Klein, Petra Klumb, Stan Knapp, Bob Knight, Chris Knoester, Melvin L. Kohn, Amanda Kolburn, Kim Korinek, Tanya Koropeckyj-Cox, Rick Kosterman, Amanda Kowal, Edythe Krampe, Amy Kroska, Patrick M. Krueger, Demie Kurz, Jennifer Lambert-Shute, Richard Lampard, Sandra Lancaster, Amy Langenkamp, Jennifer Langhinrich-Rohling, Jennifer E. Lansford, Annette Lareau, Lynda L. Laughlin, Jean-Philippe Laurenceau, Nathanael Lauster, Yoav Lavee, Leora Lawton, Gary R. Lee, Kristen Lee, Eva Lefkowitz, Laura Lein, Randy Leite, Jacques D. Lempers, Kim Leon, Janel Leone, Bethany L. Letiecq, Fuzhong Li, Daniel T. Lichter, Aart C. Liefbroer, Soh-Leong Lim, I-Fen Lin, Karen Lincoln, Miriam Linver, Deanna C. Linville, Kim Lloyd, Andrew S. London, Monica Longmore, Lenard M. Lopoo, Frederick O. Lorenz, Ruth Ludwick, Jennifer Lundquist, Ye Luo, Kevin Lyness, Karen S. Lyons, Eleanor Maccoby, Shelley MacDermid, William L. MacDonald, Kristin Yagla Mack, Ross Macmillan, Jennifer Macomber, David MacPhee, Katherine MacTavish, Nyovani J. Madise, Neena Malik, Wendy D. Manning, DeeAnn Mansfield, Claudia Manzi, Gayla Margolin, Gary Marks, Jennifer Marks, Loren Marks, Nadine Marks, Sheila Marshall, William Marsiglio, Leticia Marteleto, Molly A. Martin, Steven P. Martin, Marybeth J. Mattingly, David Maume, Brent A. McBride, Mary McElroy, Lori McGraw, Sharon M. McGroder, Susan M. McHale, Mervyl J. McPherson, Julia McQuillan, Helen J. Mederer, Dominique A. Meekers, Jana Meinhold, Janet N. Melby, Leanna Mellott, Cecilia Menjivar, Steven Messner, Marcia Michaels, Melissa A. Milkie, Julia Mirsky, Debra Mollen, Christiaan Monden, David Moore, David Morgan, S. Phillip Morgan, Katie E. Mosack, Anna Muraco, Colleen I. Murray, Susan Murray, Sarah Mustillo, Barbara J. Myers, Scott M. Myers, Judith A. Myers-Walls, Cheryl Najarian, Margaret Nelson, Tick Ngee, Angela Nievar, Steven L. Nock, Kei Nomaguchi, Marion O'Brien, Barbara S. Okun, Loreen N. Olson, D. Kim Openshaw, Valerie K. Oppenheimer, Ralph S. Oropesa, Steven Ortiz, Cynthia Osborne, Ramona Oswald, Daphna Oyserman, Elizabeth M. Ozer, Jan Pahl, Toby L. Parcel, Jennifer Parker, Eliza Pavalko, Lisa Pearce, Sonja Perren, Yvette V. Perry, Maureen Perry-Jenkins, Cheryl L. Peters, Brennan Peterson, Andreas Philaretou, VooChin Phua, Kathy Piercy, Karl Pillemer, Julie Poehlmann, Michael Pollard, Shirley L. Porterfield, Brian Powell, Mary Ann Powell, Miroslava Prazak, Christine M. Proulx, Rachel Pruchno, Elizabeth Pungello, Narissra Punyanunt-Carter, Samuel P. Putnam, Desiree Baolian Qin, Sara Honn Qualls, M. Elise Radina, Sara Raley, G. N. Ramu, Pamela Rao, Joanna Reed, Marla Reese-Weber, Mark Regnerus, Alan S. Reifman, Ira L. Reiss, Corey Remle, Jeremy Reynolds, Sandra J. Rezac, Stephanie Riger, Heidi R. Riggio, David Riley, Jen Ripley, John P. Robinson, Kathleen Roche, Stacy J. Rogers, Jennifer L. Romich, Alan Rosenbaum, Paul C. Rosenblatt, Peter Rossi, Michael Rovine, Donald B. Rubin, Ronald M. Sabatelli, Sarah Salway, Gregory F. Sanders, Stephen Sanderson, Yoshie Sano, Natalia A. Sarkisian, Sharon L. Sassler, Daniel G. Saunders, Earl Schaefer, Laurie Scheuble, Maria Schmeeckle, David P. Schmitt, Mark Schmitz, Barbara Schneider, Robert Schoen, Nancy E. Schoenberg, Sarah J. Schoppe-Sullivan, Walter R. Schumm, Andrea Scott, Brent Scott, Ellen K. Scott, Todd K. Shackelford, Anisha Shah, Lilly Shanahan, Adam Shapiro, Alyson Fearnley Shapiro, Elizabeth A. Sharp, Barbara Shebloski, Darren Sherkat, Susan Short, Kumea Shorter-Gooden, Kim Shuey, Lee Shumow, Wendy Sigle-Rushton, Louise Silverstein, Merril Silverstein, Leslie Simons, Rashmi Singla, David Smith, Suzanne R. Smith, Pamela J. Smock, Lisa Smulyan, Blake Snider, Karrie Snyder, Juliana Sobolewski, Cathy Richards Solomon, Cheryl Somers, Scott J. South, Carrie E. Spearin, Kristin W. Springer, Athena Staik, Scott Stanley, Lala Carr Steelman, Claire Sterk, Phyllis Stern, Daphne Stevens, Michelle L. Stevenson, Robert Stewart, Susan D. Stewart, Beverly Stiles, Jean Stockard, Beverly Strassmann, Lisa Strohschein, Marlene Stum, J. Jill Suitor, Yongmin Sun, Lisa Sun-Hee Park, Andrew Supple, Catherine A. Surra, Jennifer E. Swanberg, Kathryn Sweeney, Megan M. Sweeney, Stephen Sweet, Steven Swinford, Susan K. Takigiku, Koray Tanfer, Baffour K. Tayki, Tiffany Taylor, Bussarawan P. Teerawichitchainan, Jenn-Yun Tein, Jeff Temple, Elizabeth Thomson, Jill Tiefenthaler, Cecilia Tomassini, Berna S. Torr, Katherine Trent, Ellen Trzcinski, Jeanne M. Tschann, Peter Uhlenberg, Adriana Umana-Taylor, Debra J. Umberson, Kimberly Updegraff, Margaret Usdansky, Lynet Uttal, Ruben I. Van Gaalen, Wilma Vollebergh, Brenda Volling, Marieke Voorpostel, Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal, Patricia Voydanoff, Linda J. Waite, Jane Waldfogel, Lora Ebert Wallace, Barbara Warner, Tracey Warren, Kim A. Weeden, Steve Weiting, G. Clare Wenger, Jerry West, Elaine Wethington, Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Gail G. Whitchurch, James M. White, Shawn Whiteman, Cookie White-Stephan, Eric D. Widmer, Stephen Wieting, W. Bradford Wilcox, Elizabeth Wildsmith, Kristi Williams, Jeremiah Wills, Andrea Willson, Janet Wilmoth, John Wilson, Celia C. Winkler, Sarah Winslow, Roger A. Wojtkiewicz, Nicholas H. Wolfinger, Eric R. Wright, Scott T. Yabiku, George A. Yancey, Frances Yang, Hsin-Chen Yeh, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung, Kathryn Yount, Anastasia Vogt Yuan, Laurie Zabin, Zhenmei Zhang, Jiping Zuo, and Janine Zweig

Subjects
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Anthropology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Maternal Intrusiveness, Maternal Warmth, and Mother-Toddler Relationship Outcomes: Variations Across Low-Income Ethnic and Acculturation Groups

Author

Linda C. Halgunseth, JoAnn Robinson, Jean M. Ispa, Scott Harper, Lisa Boyce, Christy Brady-Smith, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Mark A. Fine

Subjects
Adult, Male, Intrusiveness, Ethnic group, Mothers, Affect (psychology), Education, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Early Intervention, Educational, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Parenting styles, Humans, Toddler, Child, Maternal Behavior, Infant, Videotape Recording, Social environment, Mother-Child Relations, Acculturation, Social relation, Affect, Socioeconomic Factors, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Psychology, Social psychology, Follow-Up Studies, Demography
Abstract

The present study investigated the extent to which maternal intrusiveness and warmth during play, observed in 579 European American, 412 African American, and 110 more and 131 less acculturated Mexican American low-income families when children were approximately 15 months old, predicted 3 dimensions of the mother-toddler relationship 10 months later. Intrusiveness predicted increases in later child negativity in all 4 groups. Among African Americans only, this association was moderated by maternal warmth. Intrusiveness predicted negative change in child engagement with mothers only in European American families. Finally, near-significant trends suggested that intrusiveness predicted later decreased dyadic mutuality in European American and more acculturated Mexican American families, but not in African American or less acculturated Mexican American families.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Child Care Quality Matters: How Conclusions May Vary With Context

Author

Judy Ungerer, Abraham Sagi‐Schwartz, Jill Constantine, Diane Paulsell, Kimberly Boller, Ellen Eliason Kisker, John M. Love, Rachel Chazan-Cohen, Christy Brady‐Smith, Christine Ross, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Linda Harrison, Marinus H. Van IJzendoorn, and Helen Raikes

Subjects
Program evaluation, media_common.quotation_subject, Personality development, Infant, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Social environment, Child Day Care Centers, Moderation, Education, Developmental psychology, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Early Intervention, Educational, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Personality, Generalizability theory, Child Care, Psychology, Socioeconomic status, Program Evaluation, media_common
Abstract

Three studies examined associations between early child care and child outcomes among families different from those in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network study. Results suggest that quality is an important influence on children's development and may be an important moderator of the amount of time in care. Thus, the generalizability of the NICHD findings may hinge on the context in which those results were obtained. These studies, conducted in three national contexts, with different regulatory climates, ranges of child care quality, and a diversity of family characteristics, suggest a need for more complete estimates of how both quality and quantity of child care may influence a range of young children's developmental outcomes.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Links between childbearing age and observed maternal behaviors with 14-month-olds in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project

Author

Christy Brady-Smith, Lisa J. Berlin, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn

Subjects
Intrusiveness, Infant mental health, Hostility, Family income, Single mothers, Early Head Start, Social relation, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Ethnology, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Socioeconomic status
Abstract

Teenage parents are commonly characterized as poor, minority, single mothers with low levels of education and problematic parenting behaviors. The role of teenage childbearing per se in mothers' parenting behaviors, however, is not well understood. This study addressed links between maternal childbearing age and parenting behaviors among 1,702 low-income mothers participating in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. The sample includes White (n = 704), Black (n = 595), and Latina (n = 403) mothers. One third of the sample were teenage childbearers (younger than 19 years at the birth of the target child). When the children were 14 months old, mothers and children were videotaped in their home during a 10-min free play assessment. This study examined four key parenting behaviors coded from this assessment: supportiveness, detachment, intrusiveness, and negative regard/hostility. Findings indicate that teenage childbearers were significantly less supportive, more detached, more intrusive, and more negative/hostile with their infants than older childbearers. Associations held above and beyond the effects of race/ethnicity, education, family type, family income, and child sex and age for supportiveness, detachment, and intrusiveness (but not negative regard/hostility). These findings provide the most definitive evidence to date of differences between teenage and older mothers' parenting behaviors, above and beyond demographic co-factors. Within-group analyses revealed different patterns of association in the three racial/ethnic groups. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Work or welfare? Assessing the impacts of recent employment and policy changes on very young children

Author

Christy Brady-Smith, Rebecca C. Fauth, Jane Waldfogel, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn

Subjects
Economic growth, Social Psychology, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public policy, Subsidy, Family Leave, Work (electrical), Earned income tax credit, Premise, Workforce, Economics, Business and International Management, Welfare, media_common
Abstract

We explore the implications of the rapid influx of low-income mothers into the workforce and PRWORA work requirements during the middle to late 1990s for the well-being of young children. Our premise is that some families with young children will be better off, while others will be worse off than low-income cohorts from a decade ago. We focus on six policy provisions from the 1990s that are likely to influence the well-being of young, low-income children in the coming decades: (a) work requirements for mothers of young children; (b) education requirements for teenage mothers of young children; (c) child care subsidies; (d) child care regulations; (e) family leave; and (f) the Earned Income Tax Credit. For each of these provisions, we discuss the actual policy as well as the implementation (i.e. practice) of the policy at the state level. We then consider what policy-relevant research has to say about the possible impact of early maternal employment, income, and child care on young children, highlighting research on low-income families where possible. Much of the research we review is based on data collected prior to the rapid changes in the proportion of low-income mothers in the workforce and in state and federal requirements and programs that occurred in the mid-1990s. Thus, we conclude with speculations on how the current trends in workforce participation and welfare and other policies may impact young children in the coming decades.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Correlates and Consequences of Spanking and Verbal Punishment for Low-Income White, African American, and Mexican American Toddlers

Author

Jean M. Ispa, Catherine Ayoub, Mark A. Fine, Christy Brady-Smith, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Yu Bai, Lisa J. Berlin, and Patrick S. Malone

Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, Punishment (psychology), Child Behavior, Poison control, Child Behavior Disorders, Suicide prevention, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, White People, Education, Developmental psychology, Interviews as Topic, Nonverbal communication, Child Development, Child Rearing, Punishment, Adaptation, Psychological, Mexican Americans, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Spanking, Maternal Behavior, Poverty, Child rearing, Aggression, Age Factors, Infant, social sciences, Child development, Mother-Child Relations, United States, Black or African American, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

This study examined the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of spanking and verbal punishment in 2,573 low-income White, African American, and Mexican American toddlers at ages 1, 2, and 3. Both spanking and verbal punishment varied by maternal race/ethnicity. Child fussiness at age 1 predicted spanking and verbal punishment at all three ages. Cross-lagged path analyses indicated that spanking (but not verbal punishment) at age 1 predicted child aggressive behavior problems at age 2 and lower Bayley mental development scores at age 3. Neither child aggressive behavior problems nor Bayley scores predicted later spanking or verbal punishment. In some instances, maternal race/ethnicity and/or emotional responsiveness moderated the effects of spanking and verbal punishment on child outcomes.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Making a Difference in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers and Their Families: The Impacts of Early Head Start. Vol. I: Final Technical Report

Author

John M. Love, Ellen Eliason Kisker, Christine M. Ross, Peter Z. Schochet, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Diane Paulsell, Kimberly Boller, Jill Constantine, Cheri Vogel, Allison Sidle Fuligni, and Christy Brady-Smith

Subjects
Infants, Toddlers, Early Head Start, jel:I
Abstract

The final report to Congress presents complete findings from our seven-year national evaluation of Early Head Start. The findings show that the program promotes learning and the parenting that supports it within the first three years of life. Participating children perform significantly better in cognitive, language, and social-emotional development than their peers who do not participate. The program also has important impacts on many aspects of parenting and the home environment, and it supports parents’ progress toward economic self-sufficiency.

Published
2002

12. The Role of Early Head Start Programs in Addressing the Child Care Needs of Low-Income Families with Infants and Toddlers: Influences on Child Care Use and Quality

Author

John M. Love, Jill Constantine, Diane Paulsell, Kimberly Boller, Christine Ross, Helen H. Raikes, Christy Brady-Smith, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn

Subjects
Early Head Start, Child Care Needs, Low-Income Families, Infants and Toddlers, Quality of Care, jel:I
Abstract

Mathematica collected data on child care settings used by program and control group families when children were 14, 24, and 36 months of age.

14. The Effectiveness of Early Head Start for 3-Year-Old Children and Their Parents: Lessons for Policy and Programs

Author

Ellen Eliason Kisker, Helen Raikes, Rachel Chazan-Cohen, Louisa Tarullo, Peter Z. Schochet, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Cheri Vogel, Christine Ross, Diane Paulsell, John M. Love, Allison Sidle Fuligni, Kimberly Boller, Jill Constantine, and Christy Brady-Smith

Subjects
Program evaluation, Male, Psychosocial Deprivation, Public Policy, Personality Assessment, Language Development, jel:I, Developmental psychology, Child Development, Adaptation, Psychological, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Cognitive development, Early Intervention, Educational, Ethnicity, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Demography, Parenting, early childhood development, poverty in early childhood, child policy and intervention, Head Start, Single parent, Socialization, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Early Head Start, Mental health, Child development, Single Parent, United States, Language development, Head start, Child, Preschool, Educational Status, Female, Psychology, Acculturation, Program Evaluation
Abstract

Early Head Start, a federal program begun in 1995 for low-income pregnant women and families with infants and toddlers, was evaluated through a randomized trial of 3,001 families in 17 programs. Interviews with primary caregivers, child assessments, and observations of parent-child interactions were completed when children were 3 years old. Caregivers were diverse in race-ethnicity, language, and other characteristics. Regression-adjusted impact analyses showed that 3-year-old program children performed better than did control children in cognitive and language development, displayed higher emotional engagement of the parent and sustained attention with play objects, and were lower in aggressive behavior. Compared with controls, Early Head Start parents were more emotionally supportive, provided more language and learning stimulation, read to their children more, and spanked less. The strongest and most numerous impacts were for programs that offered a mix of home-visiting and center-based services and that fully implemented the performance standards early.

15. Making a Difference in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers and Their Families: The Impacts of Early Head Start. Volume I: Final Technical Report

Author

John M. Love, Ellen Eliason Kisker, Christine Ross, Peter Z. Schochet, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Diane Paulsell, Kimberly Boller, Jill Constantine, Cheri Vogel, Allison Sidle Fuligni, and Christy Brady-Smith

Subjects
education, Infants, Toddlers , Early Head Start, jel:I
Abstract

The final report to Congress presents complete findings from our seven-year national evaluation of Early Head Start. The findings show that the program promotes learning and the parenting that supports it within the first three years of life.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results