1. Activated charcoal in a simulated paracetamol overdose: downscaling of dose to 10 grams--preliminary results
- Author
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Christophersen, AB, Hoegberg, LCG, Angelo, HR, and Christensen, HR
- Subjects
Carbon, Activated -- Dosage and administration ,Antidotes -- Dosage and administration ,Acetaminophen -- Adverse and side effects ,Poisoning -- Care and treatment ,Environmental issues ,Health ,Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries - Abstract
Background: The dose of activated charcoal for gastric decontamination purposes has not been well defined. One recommendation is a charcoal: drug ratio of 10:1. In large overdoses a standard dose of charcoal (50 grams) might be inadequate. We wanted to investigate if there is a reserve capacity in vivo, as seen in in vitro studies. Methods: A randomised crossover study on 16 volunteers, using paracetamol 50 mg/kg bodyweight in 125 mg tablets as a simulated overdose. The mean dose of paracetamol was 3875 grams. Each study day volunteers were given a standard meal 1 hour before paracetamol intake, then charcoal 1 hour later in 3 doses: Day A 50 grams, day B 25 grams and day C 10 grams. Paracetamol concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Reductions in the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) were used to estimate the efficacy of each charcoal dose. Results: Preliminary results show no difference in AUC for the 3 charcoal doses, mean values and 95% Confidence Intervals were (in mg/1 x minutes): Day A 9910 (6114-13706), day B 7940 (6095-9785) and day C 10039 (7184-12895). A 10 gram dose had the same efficacy as 50 grams on the approximate 2 grams of paracetamol remaining in the stomach at 1 hour. Conclusion: The reserve adsorptive capacity of charcoal found in vitro seems to exist also in vivo, where even a charcoal: drug ratio of approx 5:1 seems as effective as the standard dose., Christophersen AB (1), Hoegberg LCG (1), Angelo HR (2), Christensen HR (1). (1) Department of Clinical Pharmacology and (2) Department of Clinical Biochemistry, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, [...]
- Published
- 2002