366 results on '"Christopher J, Patrick"'
Search Results
2. Lower autonomic arousal as a risk factor for criminal offending and unintentional injuries among female conscripts
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Sofi Oskarsson, Anneli Andersson, Bridget M. Bertoldi, Antti Latvala, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Brittany Evans, Adrian Raine, Christopher J. Patrick, Henrik Larsson, and Catherine Tuvblad
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Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2024
3. Effects of a natural precipitation gradient on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in coastal streams
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Sean Kinard, Christopher J. Patrick, and Fernando Carvallo
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Precipitation ,Biogeography ,Space-for-time-substitution ,Flow regime ,Sub-tropical ,Freshwater ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is expected to increase the aridity of many regions of the world. Surface water ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to changes in the water-cycle and may suffer adverse impacts in affected regions. To enhance our understanding of how freshwater communities will respond to predicted shifts in water-cycle dynamics, we employed a space for time approach along a natural precipitation gradient on the Texas Coastal Prairie. In the spring of 2017, we conducted surveys of 10 USGS-gauged, wadeable streams spanning a semi-arid to sub-humid rainfall gradient; we measured nutrients, water chemistry, habitat characteristics, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish communities. Fish diversity correlated positively with precipitation and was negatively correlated with conductivity. Macroinvertebrate diversity peaked within the middle of the gradient. Semi-arid fish and invertebrate communities were dominated by euryhaline and live-bearing taxa. Sub-humid communities contained environmentally sensitive trichopterans and ephemeropterans as well as a variety of predatory fish which may impose top-down controls on primary consumers. These results warn that aridification coincides with the loss of competitive and environmentally sensitive taxa which could yield less desirable community states.
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- 2021
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4. The startle reflex as an indicator of psychopathic personality from childhood to adulthood: A systematic review
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Sofi Oskarsson, Christopher J. Patrick, Rebecca Siponen, Bridget M. Bertoldi, Brittany Evans, and Catherine Tuvblad
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Psychopathy ,Antisocial personality disorder ,Conduct disorder ,Conduct problems ,Externalizing behavior ,Startle reflex ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The startle reflex has been suggested to operate as a psychophysiological marker of psychopathic personality, based on findings from studies using a range of different methodologies and participant samples. The present review aims at synthesizing existing evidence of the relationship between psychopathy and the startle reflex across task paradigms, psychopathic personality subtypes and subdimensions, participant samples (i.e., incarcerated/ clinical or non-offenders), and age groups using the triarchic model of psychopathy as a frame of reference. Systematic literature searches were conducted up until the 24th of March 2020 in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. A total of 2311 potential studies were identified, out of which 40 met relevancy and quality criteria. Results indicate that reduced aversive startle potentiation is associated with psychopathic personality in general, but clusters of traits relating to the triarchic model constructs of boldness and meanness in particular. Available evidence suggest that startle paradigms could be meaningful for differentiating individuals with and without psychopathic personality. Findings support suggestions of psychopathic personality as a multifaceted, rather than a unitary construct. Reduced aversive startle potentiation has also been found in relation to psychopathic features in child-aged samples but work of this kind is limited and more research is needed. Future studies should focus on greater consistency in task paradigms and analytic strategies to enhance the capacity to compare and integrate findings across studies.
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- 2021
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5. Seagrass Abundance Predicts Surficial Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Across the Range of Thalassia testudinum in the Western North Atlantic
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James W. Fourqurean, Justin E. Campbell, O. Kennedy Rhoades, Calvin J. Munson, Johannes R. Krause, Andrew H. Altieri, James G. Douglass, Kenneth L. Heck, Valerie J. Paul, Anna R. Armitage, Savanna C. Barry, Enrique Bethel, Lindsey Christ, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Grace Dodillet, Katrina Dutton, Thomas K. Frazer, Bethany M. Gaffey, Rachael Glazner, Janelle A. Goeke, Rancel Grana-Valdes, Olivier A. A. Kramer, Samantha T. Linhardt, Charles W. Martin, Isis Gabriela Martínez López, Ashley M. McDonald, Vivienne A. Main, Sarah A. Manuel, Candela Marco-Méndez, Duncan A. O’Brien, Owen O’Shea, Christopher J. Patrick, Clare Peabody, Laura K. Reynolds, Alex Rodriguez, Lucia M. Rodriguez Bravo, Amanda Sang, Yvonne Sawall, Fee O. H. Smulders, Jamie E. Thompson, Brigitta van Tussenbroek, William L. Wied, and Sara S. Wilson
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Decomposition ,Blue carbon ,Ecology ,Nutrient limitation ,Submerged aquatic vegetation ,Sediment ,Latitudinal gradients ,Aquatic Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The organic carbon (Corg) stored in seagrass meadows is globally significant and could be relevant in strategies to mitigate increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Most of that stored Corg is in the soils that underlie the seagrasses. We explored how seagrass and soil characteristics vary among seagrass meadows across the geographic range of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) with a goal of illuminating the processes controlling soil organic carbon (Corg) storage spanning 23° of latitude. Seagrass abundance (percent cover, biomass, and canopy height) varied by over an order of magnitude across sites, and we found high variability in soil characteristics, with Corg ranging from 0.08 to 12.59% dry weight. Seagrass abundance was a good predictor of the Corg stocks in surficial soils, and the relative importance of seagrass-derived soil Corg increased as abundance increased. These relationships suggest that first-order estimates of surficial soil Corg stocks can be made by measuring seagrass abundance and applying a linear transfer function. The relative availability of the nutrients N and P to support plant growth was also correlated with soil Corg stocks. Stocks were lower at N-limited sites than at P-limited ones, but the importance of seagrass-derived organic matter to soil Corg stocks was not a function of nutrient limitation status. This finding seemed at odds with our observation that labile standard substrates decomposed more slowly at N-limited than at P-limited sites, since even though decomposition rates were 55% lower at N-limited sites, less Corg was accumulating in the soils. The dependence of Corg stocks and decomposition rates on nutrient availability suggests that eutrophication is likely to exert a strong influence on carbon storage in seagrass meadows.
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- 2023
6. Biobehavioral threat sensitivity and amygdala volume: A twin neuroimaging study.
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Jens Foell, Isabella M. Palumbo, James R. Yancey, Nathalie Vizueta, Traute Demirakca, and Christopher J. Patrick
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- 2019
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7. Psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory–Brief Form (ESI-BF)
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Andrea Blanc-Molina, Manuel Sanchez-Garcia, Christopher J. Patrick, Robert F. Krueger, Fermin Fernandez-Calderon, Oscar M. Lozano, Ana de la Rosa-Cáceres, and Carmen Diaz-Batanero
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology - Published
- 2023
8. Using standardized fish‐specific autonomous reef monitoring structures ( <scp>FARMS</scp> ) to quantify cryptobenthic fish communities
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Simon J. Brandl, Lee A. Weigt, Diane E. Pitassy, Darren J. Coker, Christopher J. Patrick, Matheus H. Luchese, Michael L. Berumen, Edward J. Buskey, Jordan M. Casey, Maikon Di Domenico, Marcelo Soeth, Zachary M. Topor, J. Emmett Duffy, Carole C. Baldwin, Mary Hagedorn, and Lynne R. Parenti
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Ecological Modeling ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2023
9. Construct Validity of Triarchic Model Traits in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study Using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire
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Emma Veltman, Richie Poulton, Christopher J. Patrick, and Martin Sellbom
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology - Abstract
The triarchic model of psychopathy emphasizes the role of three phenotypic personality domains (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) that have been operationalized using the well-established Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. The present study sought to further validate the MPQ-Tri scales and examine their temporal stability and predictive validity across two time points (ages 18 and 26) from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a population-representative and longitudinal sample (N = 1,037). This investigation necessitated modification of the MPQ-Tri scales to enable their use in a broader range of samples, including the Dunedin Study. The revised MPQ-Tri scales demonstrated good temporal stability, and correlation and multiple linear regression analyses predominantly revealed associations consistent with theoretical expectations. Overall, the findings provide support for the MPQ-Tri scales as reliable, stable, and valid measures of the triarchic constructs, which provide a unique opportunity to examine highly novel research questions concerning psychopathy in a wide variety of samples.
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- 2023
10. The effort-doors task: Examining the temporal dynamics of effort-based reward processing using ERPs
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Colin Bowyer, C.J. Brush, Hunter Threadgill, Eddie Harmon-Jones, Michael Treadway, Christopher J. Patrick, and Greg Hajcak
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Aberrant reward processing is a cardinal feature of various forms of psychopathology. However, recent research indicates that aberrant reward processing may manifest at temporally distinct substages and involve interdependent subcomponents of reward processing. To improve our understanding of both the temporal dynamics and distinct subcomponents of reward processing, we added an effort manipulation to the “doors” reward-task paradigm, to derive behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures of effort-based reward processing. Behavioral measures consisting of reaction time, response rate, and response rate change were used to index effort expenditure, and ERP measures were used to index attention allocated toward effort-completion cues, anticipation of reward, valuation of reward, and attention toward monetary feedback. Reduced response rate and slowing of response were evident during the high effort versus the low effort condition. ERP findings indicated increased attention to signals of high- compared to low-effort completion cues—as well as reduced anticipation of rewards, and reduced attention toward feedback information following high effort expenditure. Participants showing the most response-rate slowing evidenced the greatest reward devaluation following high versus low effort. Findings demonstrate that the addition of an effort expenditure manipulation to the doors reward paradigm produced reliable ERP and behavioral measures of effort-based reward processing, providing opportunities for future researchers to utilize the effort-doors task to parse the temporal dynamics of both anticipatory and consummatory reward processing components.
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- 2021
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11. Handbook of Psychopathy
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Christopher J. Patrick, Christopher J. Patrick and Christopher J. Patrick, Christopher J. Patrick
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- 2018
12. Low autonomic arousal as a risk factor for reoffending: A population-based study.
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Sofi Oskarsson, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Antti Latvala, Anneli Andersson, Miguel Garcia-Argibay, Bridget M Bertoldi, Adrian Raine, Christopher J Patrick, Henrik Larsson, and Catherine Tuvblad
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundLow resting heart rate (RHR) and low systolic blood pressure (SBP) are associated with criminal behavior. However, knowledge is lacking about their predictive value for reoffending.AimWe aimed to examine associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending in a large population-based sample.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of all convicted male conscripts born in Sweden 1958-1990 (N = 407,533). We obtained data by linking Swedish population-based registers. Predictor variables were RHR and SBP, measured at conscription which was mandatory until 2010 for men at age 18. The outcome variable was reoffending, defined as criminal convictions (any crime, violent crime and non-violent crime), obtained from the National Crime Register. We used survival analyses to test for associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending, adjusting for pertinent covariates such as socioeconomic status, height, weight and physical energy capacity.ResultsIn fully adjusted Cox regression models, men with lower RHR (≤60 bpm) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19, violent crime: HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.29, non-violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19), compared to men with higher RHR (≥ 82 bpm). Men with lower SBP (≤80 mmHg) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.21, violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.20, non-violent crime: HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.22), compared to men with higher SBP (≥138 mmHg).ConclusionsLow autonomic arousal is associated with increased risk of reoffending. RHR and SBP should be investigated further as potential predictors for reoffending as they each may have predictive value in risk assessment protocols.
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- 2021
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13. Multiple dimensions of functional diversity affect stream fish taxonomic β‐diversity
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Luke M. Bower, Lauren Stoczynski, Brandon K. Peoples, Christopher J. Patrick, and Bryan L. Brown
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niche dimensions ,environmental variation ,traits ,Aquatic Science ,species sorting ,metacommunities - Abstract
When investigating metacommunity dynamics, functional differences among species are often assumed to be as important as environmental differences between sites in determining beta-diversity. However, few studies have examined the influence of functional diversity on beta-diversity. We examine the relative importance of regional functional diversity partitioned by niche dimensions and environmental variation in structuring taxonomic beta-diversity of stream fishes using a large dataset of stream fish assemblages (hereafter, simply beta-diversity). We predicted that both functional diversity and environmental variation play a role in determining beta-diversity. We tested this prediction by modelling the patterns of stream fish beta-diversity as a function of environmental variation, functional diversity and gamma-richness across 10,220 sites for 329 fish species using a series of conceptual path models. Environmental variation consistently affected beta-diversity across all models, whereas functional diversity and gamma-richness influenced beta-diversity only in some models. We show that including relevant trait differences among species in path models can improve their ability to explain beta-diversity, suggesting that functional traits influence beta-diversity. The ability of path models to explain beta-diversity varied depending on the trait grouping included in the model, demonstrating that specific path models representing different niche dimensions can improve the ability of a model to explain beta-diversity. In addition, parsing traits into different niche dimensions revealed alternative patterns of functional diversity-beta-diversity relationships that otherwise would have been missed. The selection of relevant traits and linked niche dimensions is critical for detecting relationships between functional diversity and beta-diversity. Using traits associated with different niche dimensions allows for the identification of niche dimensions most strongly associated with species sorting and the detection of patterns missed by focusing on a single niche dimension. Determining the niche dimensions that influence beta-diversity could provide insights into the processes driving biodiversity and metacommunity dynamics, improving our ability to conserve or restore aquatic communities. USDA/NIFA [SC-1700599]; National Science Foundation [DEB-2017795] Published version First and foremost, we thank the numerous agency and university employees who contributed to the dataset. We thank T. Wagner and S. Midway for facilitating access to the fish dataset, and E. Frimpong for access to the FishTraits dataset. This work was supported in part by the USDA/NIFA, under project no. SC-1700599, and represents technical contribution no. 6994 of the Clemson Experiment Station. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under project DEB-2017795. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
- Published
- 2022
14. Pain processing and antisocial behavior: A multimodal investigation of the roles of boldness and meanness
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Sarah J. Brislin, Jens Foell, Christopher J. Patrick, Emily R. Perkins, and Ribes-Guardiola P
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Pain ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,meanness ,pain tolerance ,Pain processing ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Phenotype ,Modal ,antisocial behavior ,Humans ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Psychology ,boldness ,ERP ,Personality ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Antisocial behavior has been linked to an increased tolerance of painful stimuli; however, there is evidence that pain behavior is multidetermined. The current study used pain measures from 3 different modalities (pain tolerance, pain ratings, electrocortical reactivity) and assessed triarchic traits of boldness and meanness to clarify the dispositional basis of associations between pain processing and antisocial behavior. High boldness was significantly associated with blunted early neural response to painful and nonpainful stimuli as well as increased pain tolerance. High meanness was associated with blunted elaborative processing of painful images, lower ratings of perceived pain for self and others, and increased pain tolerance. Meanness also accounted for variance shared between pain processing and antisocial behavior. Findings demonstrate that boldness and meanness contribute to pain processing in different ways and suggest that meanness may uniquely account for the association between blunted pain processing and antisocial behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2022
15. Toward a multimodal measurement model for the neurobehavioral trait of affiliative capacity
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Isabella M. Palumbo, Emily R. Perkins, James R. Yancey, Sarah J. Brislin, Christopher J. Patrick, and Robert D. Latzman
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affiliative capacity ,psychoneurometric ,multimodal ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
A growing body of research supports the value of a multimodal assessment approach, drawing on measures from different response modalities, for clarifying how core biobehavioral processes relate to various clinical problems and dimensions of psychopathology. Using data for 507 healthy adults, the current study was undertaken to integrate self-report and neurophysiological (brain potential) measures as a step toward a multimodal measurement model for the trait of affiliative capacity (AFF) – a biobehavioral construct relevant to adaptive and maladaptive social-interpersonal functioning. Individuals low in AFF exhibit a lack of interpersonal connectedness, deficient empathy, and an exploitative-aggressive social style that may be expressed transdiagnostically in antagonistic externalizing or distress psychopathology. Specific aims were to (1) integrate trait scale and brain potential indicators into a multimodal measure of AFF and (2) evaluate associations of this multimodal measure with criterion variables of different types. Results demonstrated (1) success in creating a multimodal measure of AFF from self-report and neural indicators, (2) effectiveness of this measure in predicting both clinical-diagnostic and neurophysiological criterion variables, and (3) transdiagnostic utility of the multimodal measure at both specific-disorder and broad symptom-dimension levels. Our findings further illustrate the value of psychoneurometric operationalizations of biobehavioral trait dimensions as referents for clarifying transdiagnostic relationships between biological systems variables and empirically defined dimensions of psychopathology.
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- 2020
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16. Assessing general versus specific liability for externalizing problems in adolescence: Concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use
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Emily R. Perkins, Keanan J. Joyner, Jens Foell, Laura E. Drislane, Sarah J. Brislin, Paul J. Frick, James R. Yancey, Elia F. Soto, Colleen M. Ganley, Pamela K. Keel, Claudio Sica, Herta Flor, Frauke Nees, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivières, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Eric Artiges, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Juliane H. Fröhner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, null The IMAGEN Consortium, and Christopher J. Patrick
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Conduct Disorder ,Male ,Alcoholism ,Adolescent ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Humans ,Female ,Prospective Studies - Abstract
This study explored the generality versus specificity of two trait-liability factors for externalizing problems-disinhibition and callousness-in the concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance use (i.e., alcohol use disorder and history of illicit substance use). Disinhibition involves an impulsive, unrestrained cognitive-behavioral style; callousness entails a dispositional lack of social-emotional sensitivity. Participants were European adolescents from the multisite IMAGEN project who completed questionnaires and clinical interviews at ages 14 (N = 1,504, Mage = 14.41, 51.13% female) and 16 (N = 1,407, Mage = 16.46, 51.88% female). Disinhibition was related concurrently and prospectively to greater symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and alcohol use disorder; higher scores on a general externalizing factor; and greater likelihood of having tried an illicit substance. Callousness was selectively related to greater conduct disorder symptoms. These findings indicate disinhibition confers broad liability for externalizing spectrum disorders, perhaps due to its affiliated deficits in executive function. In contrast, callousness appears to represent more specific liability for antagonistic (aggressive/exploitative) forms of externalizing, as exemplified by antisocial behavior. Results support the utility of developmental-ontogenetic and hierarchical-dimensional models of psychopathology and have important implications for early assessment of risk for externalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2022
17. Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life
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Bridget M. Bertoldi, Catherine Tuvblad, Keanan J. Joyner, Colleen Ganley, Adrian Raine, Laura Baker, Antti Latvala, Sofi Oskarsson, and Christopher J. Patrick
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Clinical Psychology - Abstract
Low resting heart rate (HR) is a known risk indicator for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB) and other clinical problems. Stimulation seeking and fearlessness have been explored as factors underlying the HR/ASB relationship, but these have often been conflated, which has complicated interpretation. We examined HR’s associations with ASB and other outcomes in terms of biobehavioral traits described by the triarchic model of psychopathy using data ( N = 710) from a longitudinal study of ASB risk. Low resting HR in childhood was related to adult ASB, and covariance between ASB and traits of disinhibition and boldness largely accounted for this association. In addition, low childhood HR was related to greater externalizing problems and fewer internalizing problems in adulthood; disinhibition accounted for the former association, and boldness accounted for the latter. Findings indicate a role for both disinhibition and boldness in associations between early HR and later clinical outcomes and have implications for theory and practice.
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- 2022
18. Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Christopher J. Patrick, Laura E. Drislane, Bridget M. Bertoldi, and Kelsey L. Lowman
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Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) have been of long-standing interest to clinicians and researchers due to their serious detrimental effects on both individuals and society as a whole. This chapter begins with an overview of historical writings that served as the foundation for modern conceptualizations of psychopathy and ASPD. Next, the chapter describes the main inventories for assessing psychopathy in use today and discusses how these various inventories differ from one another and how they relate to ASPD and other conditions in the official psychiatric nosology (the DSM-5). The chapter also summarizes findings regarding their neurobiological correlates. Following this, the authors describe an integrative conceptual-empirical framework—the triarchic model—for characterizing relations among different psychopathy measures and organizing what is known about their clinical and neurobiological correlates. The chapter then considers how the three constructs of the triarchic model—boldness, meanness, and disinhibition—are represented in the dimensional system for personality pathology within the DSM-5 and how they interface with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), a new dimensional framework for psychopathology as a whole. Finally, the authors discuss how the triarchic model can be used to guide developmental research on psychopathy and coordinate further research on the role of neurobiological systems and processes in psychopathy.
- Published
- 2023
19. Structure and functional composition of macroinvertebrate communities in coastal plain streams across a precipitation gradient
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Fernando R. Carvallo, Bradley A. Strickland, Sean K. Kinard, Brandi Kiel Reese, James Derek Hogan, and Christopher J. Patrick
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Aquatic Science - Published
- 2022
20. Development and Initial Validation of Two Brief Measures of Left-Wing Authoritarianism: A Machine Learning Approach
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Thomas H. Costello and Christopher J. Patrick
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Clinical Psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis - Abstract
Although authoritarianism has predominantly been studied among political conservatives, authoritarian individuals exist on both "poles" of the political spectrum. A 39-item multidimensional measure of left-wing authoritarianism, the Left-wing Authoritarianism Index, was recently developed to extend the study of authoritarianism to members of the far-left. The present study coupled a fully automated machine learning approach (i.e., a genetic algorithm) with multidimensional item response theory in a large, demographically representative American sample (N = 834) to generate and evaluate two abbreviated versions of the Left-wing Authoritarianism Index. We subsequently used a second community sample (N = 477) to conduct extensive validational tests of the abbreviated measures, which comprise 25- and 13-items. The abbreviated forms demonstrated remarkable convergence with the full LWA Index in terms of their psychometric (e.g., internal consistency) and distributional (e.g., mean, standard deviation, skew, kurtosis) properties. This convergence extended to virtually identical cross-measure patterns of correlations with 14 external criteria, including need for chaos, political violence, anomia, low institutional trust. In light of these results, the LWA-25 and LWA-13 scales appeared to function effectively as measures of LWA.
- Published
- 2022
21. Trait boldness and emotion regulation: An event-related potential investigation
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Emily R. Perkins, Brittany T. King, Karolina Sörman, and Christopher J. Patrick
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Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Physiology (medical) ,General Neuroscience ,Emotions ,Humans ,Electroencephalography ,Evoked Potentials ,Article ,Emotional Regulation ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The present study sought to extend knowledge of the role of boldness, a transdiagnostic bipolar trait dimension involving low sensitivity to threat, in emotional reactivity and regulation using physiological and report-based measures. One prior study found that boldness was associated with reduced late positive potential (LPP) while passively viewing aversive images, but not during emotion regulation; a disconnect between LPP and self-reported reactivity was also observed. Here, participants (N = 63) completed an emotion regulation task in which they either passively viewed or effortfully up- or downregulated their emotional reactivity to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures while EEG activity was recorded; they later retrospectively rated the success of their regulation efforts. ANOVAs examining the interactive effects of regulation instruction and boldness on LPP amplitude revealed that lower boldness (higher trait fearfulness) was associated with paradoxical increases in LPP to threat photos during instructed downregulation, relative to passive viewing, along with lower reported regulation success on these trials. Unexpectedly, similar LPP effects were observed for affective images overall, and especially nurturance photos. Although subject to certain limitations, these results suggest that individual differences in boldness play a role not only in general reactivity to aversive stimuli, as evidenced by prior work, but in the ability to effortfully downregulate emotional response.
- Published
- 2022
22. Psychopathy: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
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Christopher J, Patrick
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Psychopathology ,Humans ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,General Medicine ,Personality - Abstract
Research on psychopathy has progressed considerably in recent years against the backdrop of important advances in the broader field of clinical psychological science. My major aim in this review is to encourage integration of investigative work on dispositional, biobehavioral, and developmental aspects of psychopathy with counterpart work on general psychopathology. Using the triarchic model of psychopathy as a frame of reference, I offer perspective on long-standing debates pertaining to the conceptualization and assessment of psychopathy, discuss how dispositional facets of psychopathy relate to subdimensions of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and summarize findings from contemporary biobehavioral and developmental research on psychopathy. I conclude by describing a systematic strategy for coordinating biobehavioral-developmental research on psychopathy that can enable it to be informed by, and help inform, ongoing research on mental health problems more broadly.
- Published
- 2022
23. Evaluating the validity of brief prototype‐based informant ratings of triarchic psychopathy traits in prisoners
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Emily R. Perkins, Maria Caruso, Christopher J. Patrick, Kelsey L. Lowman, Claudio Sica, Gioia Bottesi, and Paolo Giulini
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Predictive validity ,Boldness ,Prisoners ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychopathy ,Forensic Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Triarchic theory of intelligence ,Meanness ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Trait ,medicine ,Humans ,Convergence (relationship) ,Psychology ,Law ,Incremental validity ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The validity of self-report psychopathy assessment has been questioned, especially in forensic settings where clinical evaluations influence critical decision-making (e.g., institutional placement, parole eligibility). Informant-based assessment offers a potentially valuable supplement to self-report but is challenging to acquire in under-resourced forensic contexts. The current study evaluated, within an incarcerated sample (n = 322), the extent to which brief prototype-based informant ratings of psychopathic traits as described by the triarchic model (boldness, meanness, disinhibition; Patrick et al., 2009) converge with self-report trait scores and show incremental validity in predicting criterion measures. Self/informant convergence was robust for traits of boldness and disinhibition, but weaker for meanness. Informant-rated traits showed incremental predictive validity over self-report traits, both within and across assessment domains. These findings indicate that simple prototype-based informant ratings of the triarchic traits can provide a useful supplement to self-report in assessing psychopathy within forensic-clinical settings.
- Published
- 2021
24. 10 Quantitative and physiological measures
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Miriam van Mersbergen and Christopher J. Patrick
- Published
- 2022
25. Cover Image
- Author
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Fernando R. Carvallo, Bradley A. Strickland, Sean K. Kinard, Brandi Kiel Reese, James Derek Hogan, and Christopher J. Patrick
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Aquatic Science - Published
- 2022
26. Author response for 'Using standardized fish‐specific autonomous reef monitoring structures ( <scp>FARMS</scp> ) to quantify cryptobenthic fish communities'
- Author
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null Simon J. Brandl, null Lee A. Weigt, null Diane E. Pitassy, null Darren J. Coker, null Christopher J. Patrick, null Matheus H. Luchese, null Michael L. Berumen, null Edward J. Buskey, null Jordan M. Casey, null Maikon Di Domenico, null Marcelo Soeth, null Zachary M. Topor, null J. Emmett Duffy, null Carole C. Baldwin, null Mary Hagedorn, and null Lynne R. Parenti
- Published
- 2022
27. Effort and Appetitive Responding in Depression: Examining Deficits in Motivational and Consummatory Stages of Reward Processing Using the Effort-Doors Task
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Colin B. Bowyer, C.J. Brush, Christopher J. Patrick, and Greg Hajcak
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General Medicine - Published
- 2022
28. The joint structure of major depression, anxiety disorders, and trait negative affect
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Hudson W. de Carvalho, Sérgio B. Andreoli, Diogo R. Lara, Christopher J. Patrick, Maria I. Quintana, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Marcelo F. Mello, Jair de J. Mari, and Miguel R. Jorge
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Diagnosis and classification ,emotion ,epidemiology ,mood disorders ,unipolar ,anxiety disorder ,generalized ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background: Dimensional models of psychopathology demonstrate that two correlated factors of fear and distress account for the covariation among depressive and anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, these models tend to exclude variables relevant to psychopathology, such as temperament traits. This study examined the joint structure of DSM-IV-based major depression and anxiety disorders along with trait negative affect in a representative sample of adult individuals residing in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 3,728 individuals who were administered sections D (phobic, anxiety and panic disorders) and E (depressive disorders) of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 2.1 and a validated version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Data were analyzed using correlational and structural equation modeling. Results: Lifetime prevalence ranged from 2.4% for panic disorder to 23.2% for major depression. Most target variables were moderately correlated. A two-factor model specifying correlated fear and distress factors was retained and confirmed for models including only diagnostic variables and diagnostic variables along with trait negative affect. Conclusions: This study provides support for characterization of internalizing psychopathology and trait negative affect in terms of correlated dimensions of distress and fear. These results have potential implications for psychiatric taxonomy and for understanding the relationship between temperament and psychopathology.
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- 2014
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29. Testing for Sex Differences in the Nomological Network of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in Incarcerated Individuals
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Christopher J. Patrick, Gioia Bottesi, Paolo Giulini, Maria Caruso, Keanan J. Joyner, Marta Ghisi, Claudio Sica, Emily R. Perkins, and Corrado Caudek
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050103 clinical psychology ,Prison sample ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychopathy ,Nomological network ,Triarchic theory of intelligence ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sex differences ,medicine ,Personality ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,Boldness ,Triarchic model ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,Meanness ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical Psychology ,Disinhibition ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
The triarchic model of psychopathy conceptualizes variants of this clinical condition as expressions of three distinct biobehavioral dispositions, termed boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. As a trait-oriented model, the triarchic model situates psychopathy within a broader nomological network of personality and psychopathology, and has proven useful for characterizing how psychopathy relates to variables in these domains as well as to biological and behavioral variables. The current study was the first to examine sex differences in the external correlates of psychopathic traits as described by the triarchic model in a prison sample. Results were generally consistent with hypotheses: The triarchic traits related to measures of personality and psychopathology in patterns that were largely consistent across sex, but with some notable differences between males and females, in the correlates of disinhibition in particular. These included stronger associations for disinhibition with substance use problems, self-harm, and staff ratings of prison misbehavior among females compared to males. Findings from this study support the value of the triarchic model for understanding similarities and differences in the nomological network of psychopathy in incarcerated males and females.
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- 2021
30. Extreme event ecology needs proactive funding
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Christopher J Patrick, Enie Hensel, John S Kominoski, Beth A Stauffer, and William H McDowell
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Ecology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
31. Psychopathology in children: The transdiagnostic contribution of affiliative capacity and inhibitory control
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Isabella M. Palumbo, Christopher J. Patrick, and Robert D. Latzman
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology - Abstract
Recent initiatives have focused on integrating transdiagnostic biobehavioral processes or dispositions with dimensional models of psychopathology. Toward this goal, biobehavioral traits of affiliative capacity (AFF) and inhibitory control (INH) hold particular promise as they demonstrate transdiagnostic stability and predictive validity across developmental stages and differing measurement modalities. The current study employed data from different modes of measurement in a sample of 1830 children aged 5–10 years to test for associations of AFF and INH, individually and interactively, with broad dimensions of psychopathology. Low AFF, assessed via parent-report, evidenced predictive relations with distress- and externalizing-related problems. INH as assessed by cognitive-task performance did not relate itself to either psychopathology dimension, but it moderated the effects observed for low AFF, such that high INH protected against distress symptoms in low-AFF participants, whereas low INH amplified distress and externalizing symptoms in low-AFF participants. Results are discussed in the context of the interface of general trait transdiagnostic risk factors with quantitatively derived dimensional models of psychopathology.
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- 2022
32. Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy: Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC: RFAB longitudinal twin project
- Author
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Robert D. Latzman, Laura A. Baker, Adrian Raine, Bridget M. Bertoldi, Emily R. Perkins, Mark D. Kramer, Christopher J. Patrick, Sofi Oskarsson, and Catherine Tuvblad
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Personality Inventory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychopathy ,Nomological network ,Triarchic theory of intelligence ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Risk Factors ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,media_common ,Operationalization ,Boldness ,05 social sciences ,Reproducibility of Results ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,medicine.disease ,Meanness ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Trait ,Psychology - Abstract
The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems.
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- 2021
33. Multi‐scale biodiversity drives temporal variability in macrosystems
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Andrew J. Gregory, Christopher J. Patrick, James H. Thorp, Kevin E. McCluney, John L. Sabo, and Albert Ruhí
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Geography ,Ecology ,Scale (ratio) ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Biodiversity ,Ecosystem ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
34. 'Faceness' and affectivity: Evidence for genetic contributions to distinct components of electrocortical response to human faces.
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Robert W. Shannon, Christopher J. Patrick, Noah C. Venables, and Sheng He
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Les progrès dans la réalisation de la classification quantitative de la psychopathologie
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Leonard J. Simms, Christopher J. Hopwood, Martin Sellbom, Roman Kotov, Bo Bach, Leslie Rescorla, Susan C. South, Christopher J. Patrick, Douglas B. Samuel, R. Michael Bagby, Alexander J. Shackman, Monika A. Waszczuk, Michael N. Hallquist, John D. Haltigan, Matthew Sunderland, David Watson, Irwin D. Waldman, Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt, David H. Zald, Camilo J. Ruggero, Thomas A. Widiger, Robert F. Krueger, William T. Carpenter, Christopher C. Conway, Kelsie T. Forbush, Jennifer L. Tackett, Noah C. Venables, Michael Chmielewski, Nicholas R. Eaton, Barbara Declercq, Katherine G. Jonas, Robert D. Latzman, David C. Cicero, Darrel A. Regier, Miriam K. Forbes, Aaron L. Pincus, Mark H. Waugh, Masha Y. Ivanova, Leslie C. Morey, Johan Ormel, Johannes Zimmermann, Praveetha Patalay, Colin G. DeYoung, Joshua D. Miller, Lee Anna Clark, Anna R. Docherty, Thomas M. Achenbach, Aidan G.C. Wright, Tim Slade, Kristian E. Markon, Marina A. Bornovalova, Andrew E. Skodol, Michael B. First, Ulrich Reininghaus, Laura E. Drislane, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, and RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health
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Nosology ,HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE ,050103 clinical psychology ,validity ,mental disorder ,SYMPTOMS ,icd ,media_common.quotation_subject ,META-STRUCTURE ,clinical utility ,rdoc ,substance use ,externalizing psychopathology ,nosology ,Dimensions ,taxometric evidence ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,DSM ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Taxonomy (general) ,Personality ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Research question ,Categorical variable ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,Hierarchy ,model ,Psychopathology ,personality-disorder ,05 social sciences ,Classification ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,personality ,emotional disorders ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level'' dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity'' by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
- Published
- 2021
36. Commentary on 'The Challenge of Transforming the Diagnostic System of Personality Disorders'
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Joshua D. Miller, Emily B. Ansell, Mark R. Lukowitsky, Nicholas R. Eaton, Miriam K. Forbes, John F. Edens, David H. Zald, Thomas A. Widiger, Michael Pascal Hengartner, Robert R. Althoff, Marina A. Bornovalova, Johannes Zimmermann, R. Michael Bagby, David Watson, Donald R. Lynam, Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt, Camilo J. Ruggero, Mathew M. Yalch, Christopher C. Conway, Aidan G. C. Wright, Kelsie T. Forbush, Michael Chmielewski, Kristian E. Markon, Mark A. Blais, Anna R. Docherty, David C. Cicero, Christopher J. Hopwood, Aaron L. Pincus, Jennifer L. Tackett, Daniel Leising, Monika A. Waszczuk, Katherine M. Thomas, Mark H. Waugh, Robert F. Krueger, David D. Vachon, Filip De Fruyt, Masha Y. Ivanova, Timothy J. Trull, Bo Bach, Douglas B. Samuel, Christopher J. Patrick, Martin Sellbom, Johan Ormel, Leslie C. Morey, Barbara De Clerq, and Irwin D. Waldman
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Psychiatry ,050103 clinical psychology ,Watson ,05 social sciences ,616.8: Neurologie und Krankheiten des Nervensystems ,Diagnostic system ,medicine.disease ,Personality disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Wright ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Theology ,Cicero - Abstract
Author(s): Hopwood, Christopher J; Krueger, Robert F; Watson, David; Widiger, Thomas A; Althoff, Robert R; Ansell, Emily B; Bach, Bo; Bagby, R Michael; Blais, Mark A; Bornovalova, Marina A; Chmielewski, Michael; Cicero, David C; Conway, Christopher; De Clerq, Barbara; De Fruyt, Filip; Docherty, Anna R; Eaton, Nicholas R; Edens, John F; Forbes, Miriam K; Forbush, Kelsie T; Hengartner, Michael P; Ivanova, Masha Y; Leising, Daniel; Lukowitsky, Mark R; Lynam, Donald R; Markon, Kristian E; Miller, Joshua D; Morey, Leslie C; Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N; Ormel, Johan; Patrick, Christopher J; Pincus, Aaron L; Ruggero, Camilo; Samuel, Douglas B; Sellbom, Martin; Tackett, Jennifer L; Thomas, Katherine M; Trull, Timothy J; Vachon, David D; Waldman, Irwin D; Waszczuk, Monika A; Waugh, Mark H; Wright, Aidan GC; Yalch, Mathew M; Zald, David H; Zimmermann, Johannes
- Published
- 2020
37. Boldness moderates cognitive performance under acute threat: Evidence from a task-switching paradigm involving cueing for shock
- Author
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James R. Yancey, Colin B. Bowyer, Keenan E. Roberts, Danielle Jones, Keanan J. Joyner, Jens Foell, Erin C. McGlade, Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd, Walter R. Boot, and Christopher J. Patrick
- Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience ,Reflex, Startle ,Cognition ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Blinking ,Individuality ,Humans ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cues - Abstract
Understanding factors that influence behavioral performance in high-pressure contexts is relevant to critical occupations such as first responders, military personnel, and frontline medical workers. A recent study by Yancey et al. (2019) demonstrated an association between boldness, a biobehavioral trait reflecting social dominance and fearlessness, and enhanced task-switching performance during threat of shock relative to a no-shock (safe) condition. This study used a sustained threat manipulation in which cues signaling possible shock were present throughout blocks of multiple task trials. Here, we extended this work by evaluating the relationship between boldness and task-switching performance under acute threat of shock conditions, in which cues signaling possible shock occurred during individual task trials, intermingled with safe trials. Participants (
- Published
- 2022
38. A general pattern of trade-offs between ecosystem resistance and resilience to tropical cyclones
- Author
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Christopher J. Patrick, John S. Kominoski, William H. McDowell, Benjamin Branoff, David Lagomasino, Miguel Leon, Enie Hensel, Marc J. S. Hensel, Bradley A. Strickland, T. Mitchell Aide, Anna Armitage, Marconi Campos-Cerqueira, Victoria M. Congdon, Todd A. Crowl, Donna J. Devlin, Sarah Douglas, Brad E. Erisman, Rusty A. Feagin, Simon J. Geist, Nathan S. Hall, Amber K. Hardison, Michael R. Heithaus, J. Aaron Hogan, J. Derek Hogan, Sean Kinard, Jeremy J. Kiszka, Teng-Chiu Lin, Kaijun Lu, Christopher J. Madden, Paul A. Montagna, Christine S. O’Connell, C. Edward Proffitt, Brandi Kiel Reese, Joseph W. Reustle, Kelly L. Robinson, Scott A. Rush, Rolando O. Santos, Astrid Schnetzer, Delbert L. Smee, Rachel S. Smith, Gregory Starr, Beth A. Stauffer, Lily M. Walker, Carolyn A. Weaver, Michael S. Wetz, Elizabeth R. Whitman, Sara S. Wilson, Jianhong Xue, and Xiaoming Zou
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Tropical cyclones drive coastal ecosystem dynamics, and their frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution are predicted to shift with climate change. Patterns of resistance and resilience were synthesized for 4138 ecosystem time series from n = 26 storms occurring between 1985 and 2018 in the Northern Hemisphere to predict how coastal ecosystems will respond to future disturbance regimes. Data were grouped by ecosystems (fresh water, salt water, terrestrial, and wetland) and response categories (biogeochemistry, hydrography, mobile biota, sedentary fauna, and vascular plants). We observed a repeated pattern of trade-offs between resistance and resilience across analyses. These patterns are likely the outcomes of evolutionary adaptation, they conform to disturbance theories, and they indicate that consistent rules may govern ecosystem susceptibility to tropical cyclones.
- Published
- 2022
39. Dispositional fear, negative affectivity, and neuroimaging response to visually suppressed emotional faces.
- Author
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Nathalie Vizueta, Christopher J. Patrick, Yi Jiang 0003, Kathleen M. Thomas, and Sheng He
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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40. Structural validity and reliability of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Evidence from a large Brazilian community sample
- Author
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Hudson W. de Carvalho, Sérgio B. Andreoli, Diogo R. Lara, Christopher J. Patrick, Maria Inês Quintana, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Marcelo F. de Melo, Jair de J. Mari, and Miguel R. Jorge
- Subjects
Emotion ,epidemiology ,structural equation modeling ,psychometrics ,Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Objective: Positive and negative affect are the two psychobiological-dispositional dimensions reflecting proneness to positive and negative activation that influence the extent to which individuals experience life events as joyful or as distressful. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a structured questionnaire that provides independent indexes of positive and negative affect. This study aimed to validate a Brazilian interview-version of the PANAS by means of factor and internal consistency analysis. Methods: A representative community sample of 3,728 individuals residing in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, voluntarily completed the PANAS. Exploratory structural equation model analysis was based on maximum likelihood estimation and reliability was calculated via Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Our results provide support for the hypothesis that the PANAS reliably measures two distinct dimensions of positive and negative affect. Conclusion: The structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the PANAS are consistent with those of its original version. Taken together, these results attest the validity of the Brazilian adaptation of the instrument.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Identifying objects impairs knowledge of other objects: A relearning explanation for the neural repetition effect.
- Author
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Chad J. Marsolek, Rebecca G. Deason, Nicholas A. Ketz, Pradeep Ramanathan, Edward M. Bernat, Vaughn R. Steele, Christopher J. Patrick, Mieke Verfaellie, and David M. Schnyer
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Dynamics of processing invisible faces in the brain: Automatic neural encoding of facial expression information.
- Author
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Yi Jiang 0003, Robert W. Shannon, Nathalie Vizueta, Edward M. Bernat, Christopher J. Patrick, and Sheng He
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A Model-Based Strategy for Interfacing Traits of the DSM-5 AMPD With Neurobiology
- Author
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Colin B Bowyer, Jens Foell, Christopher J. Patrick, Noah C. Venables, Robert D. Latzman, and Keanan J. Joyner
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,Operationalization ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,Personality disorders ,DSM-5 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychophysiology ,Disinhibition ,Trait ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Personality Assessment Inventory ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Psychopathology - Abstract
The DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) groups traits into domains based on factor analyses of self-report data. AMPD traits may need to be configured differently to interface with neurobiology. Focusing on biobehavioral risk for externalizing problems in 334 adults, the authors used structural modeling to evaluate how well alternative configurations of AMPD traits, operationalized using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), interface with neural indicators of externalizing liability. A model specifying two correlated factors defined by traits within the PID-5 Disinhibition domain and brain-response indicators of externalizing proneness exhibited inadequate fit. However, a model using PID-5 traits with better coverage of biobehavioral externalizing liability evidenced good fit. Scores on this PID-5 trait factor, termed “PID-5 Externalizing Proneness,” converged well with criterion measures of externalizing proneness and diverged from measures of threat sensitivity. Findings illustrate how AMPD traits can be configured for use in investigations of biobehavioral risk for psychopathology.
- Published
- 2020
44. Triarchic Neurobehavioral Correlates of Psychopathology in Young Children: Evidence from the Healthy Brain Network Initiative
- Author
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Christopher J. Patrick, Robert D. Latzman, and Isabella M. Palumbo
- Subjects
Brain network ,050103 clinical psychology ,Personality Inventory ,Psychopathology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,050109 social psychology ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,Triarchic theory of intelligence ,Clinical Psychology ,Variation (linguistics) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Expression (architecture) ,Child, Preschool ,Trait ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Psychology ,Aged ,Personality ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Recent initiatives emphasize the need to consider developmental and transdiagnostic contributions of temperamental variation to psychopathological expression. Triarchic neurobehavioral trait dimensions (
- Published
- 2020
45. Personality Disorders and Psychopathy
- Author
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Christopher J. Patrick, Casey M. Strickland, Emily R. Perkins, and Robert F. Krueger
- Subjects
Psychopathy ,medicine ,medicine.disease ,Psychology ,Personality disorders ,Clinical psychology ,DSM-5 - Published
- 2020
46. A System Level Analysis of Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Hurricane Impacts
- Author
-
Anna R. Armitage, Amber K. Hardison, John S. Kominoski, Lily M. Walker, Steven C. Pennings, Christopher J. Patrick, Carolyn A. Weaver, Zhanfei Liu, Paul A. Montagna, JD Hogan, X Lin, F Carvallo, Kenneth H. Dunton, S Kinard, Lauren A. Yeager, Congdon, M Fisher, Michael S. Wetz, B. Kiel Reese, Jacob D. Hosen, and Xinping Hu
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Biogeochemical cycle ,Biotic component ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ecology ,Resistance (ecology) ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Fauna ,Storm surge ,Storm ,15. Life on land ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,6. Clean water ,Oceanography ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,14. Life underwater ,Tropical cyclone ,Hydrography ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Tropical cyclones are major disturbances for coastal systems. Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Texas, USA, on August 25, 2017 as a category 4 storm. There were two distinct disturbances associated with this storm that were spatially decoupled: (1) high winds causing direct damage and storm surge, and (2) high rains causing scouring floods and significant discharge of fresh water carrying carbon and nutrients to estuaries. Here, we provide a synthesis of the effects of Hurricane Harvey on biogeochemical, hydrographic, and biotic components of freshwater and estuarine systems and their comparative resistance and resilience to wind- and rain-driven disturbances. Wind-driven disturbances were most severe along the coastal barrier islands and lower estuaries, damaging mangroves and seagrass and increasing sediment coarseness. Rain-driven disturbances were most pronounced within freshwater streams and the upper estuaries. Large volumes of freshwater run-off reduced the abundance of riverine fauna and caused hypoxic and hyposaline conditions in the estuaries for over a week. In response to this freshwater input event, benthic fauna diversity and abundance decreased, but mobile fauna such as estuarine fishes did not markedly change. Although hydrographic and biogeochemical components were highly perturbed, they returned to baseline conditions within days. In contrast, biotic components demonstrated lower magnitude changes, but some of these organisms, particularly the sedentary flora and fauna, required weeks to months to return to pre-storm conditions, and some did not recover within the 6 months reported here. Our synthesis illustrates that resistance and resilience of system components may negatively co-vary and that structural components of coastal systems may be the most vulnerable to long-term changes following tropical cyclones.
- Published
- 2020
47. Global Patterns and Controls of Nutrient Immobilization on Decomposing Cellulose in Riverine Ecosystems
- Author
-
David M. Costello, Scott D. Tiegs, Luz Boyero, Cristina Canhoto, Krista A. Capps, Michael Danger, Paul C. Frost, Mark O. Gessner, Natalie A. Griffiths, Halvor M. Halvorson, Kevin A. Kuehn, Amy M. Marcarelli, Todd V. Royer, Devan M. Mathie, Ricardo J. Albariño, Clay P. Arango, Jukka Aroviita, Colden V. Baxter, Brent J. Bellinger, Andreas Bruder, Francis J. Burdon, Marcos Callisto, Antonio Camacho, Fanny Colas, Julien Cornut, Verónica Crespo‐Pérez, Wyatt F. Cross, Alison M. Derry, Michael M. Douglas, Arturo Elosegi, Elvira de Eyto, Verónica Ferreira, Carmen Ferriol, Tadeusz Fleituch, Jennifer J. Follstad Shah, André Frainer, Erica A. Garcia, Liliana García, Pavel E. García, Darren P. Giling, R. Karina Gonzales‐Pomar, Manuel A. S. Graça, Hans‐Peter Grossart, François Guérold, Luiz U. Hepp, Scott N. Higgins, Takuo Hishi, Carlos Iñiguez‐Armijos, Tomoya Iwata, Andrea E. Kirkwood, Aaron A. Koning, Sarian Kosten, Hjalmar Laudon, Peter R. Leavitt, Aurea L. Lemes da Silva, Shawn J. Leroux, Carri J. LeRoy, Peter J. Lisi, Frank O. Masese, Peter B. McIntyre, Brendan G. McKie, Adriana O. Medeiros, Marko Miliša, Yo Miyake, Robert J. Mooney, Timo Muotka, Jorge Nimptsch, Riku Paavola, Isabel Pardo, Ivan Y. Parnikoza, Christopher J. Patrick, Edwin T. H. M. Peeters, Jesus Pozo, Brian Reid, John S. Richardson, José Rincón, Geta Risnoveanu, Christopher T. Robinson, Anna C. Santamans, Gelas M. Simiyu, Agnija Skuja, Jerzy Smykla, Ryan A. Sponseller, Franco Teixeira‐de Mello, Sirje Vilbaste, Verónica D. Villanueva, Jackson R. Webster, Stefan Woelfl, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos, Adam G. Yates, Catherine M. Yule, Yixin Zhang, Jacob A. Zwart, Suomen ympäristökeskus, and The Finnish Environment Institute
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management ,cotton strips ,hiili ,selluloosa ,hajoaminen ,plant litter decomposition , carbon in rivers, nutrient supply ,ravinteet ,nitrogen ,typpi ,cotton strip assay ,biogeochemistry ,nutrients ,Environmental Chemistry ,Life Science ,mikrobit ,phosphorus ,fosfori ,organic matter ,General Environmental Science ,biogeokemia ,ecological stoichiometry ,Global and Planetary Change ,decomposition ,WIMEK ,carbon ,Aquatic Ecology ,nutrient cycling ,Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer ,rivers ,virtavedet ,immobilization ,aineiden kierto ,orgaaninen aines ,microbes ,joet - Abstract
Microbes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low-nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization are poorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low-nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, and were strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature-dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature. Collectively, we demonstrated that exogenous nutrient supply and immobilization are critical control points for decomposition of organic matter. Key Points • Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) immobilization was measured on organic matter (cotton) in 100 rivers and riparian zones representing 11 biomes • Elevated temperature in riparian zones and phosphate in rivers increased immobilization, and consequently accelerated decomposition • N and P immobilization was strongly linked by microbial stoichiometry despite widely varied surface-water nutrient ratios Plain Language Summary Bacteria and fungi contribute to the breakdown of leaf litter in rivers and floodplains. To break down leaf litter, these microbes need the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus (P), and microbes can get nutrients either from the leaf litter itself or from the environment. Most leaf litter has low nutrient content and microbes must rely on the environment to supply nutrients. We studied microbial nutrient uptake from the environment during litter breakdown to determine whether it varies predictably across the globe and how it is influenced by changing climate and nutrient pollution. In 100 rivers and floodplains in 11 of Earth's major biomes we placed small strips of cotton as stand-ins for leaf litter. Nutrient uptake was consistently greater on cotton strips that were submerged in the river compared to cotton on the floodplain. For microbes in the river, nutrient uptake was faster in instances where there was more P in the water. For microbes in the floodplain, nutrient uptake was faster where temperatures were warmer. Faster nutrient uptake by microbes was linked with faster cotton breakdown in rivers and floodplains. Our study shows that climate change and nutrient pollution can alter the activity of microbes in rivers and floodplains.
- Published
- 2022
48. Secondary Production in Streams
- Author
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Matt R. Whiles and Christopher J. Patrick
- Published
- 2022
49. Toward a New, Improved Paradigm for Experimental Psychopathology Research … Or What We Would Talk About with Scott Over Coffee in a Dinkytown Cafe
- Author
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Christopher J. Patrick and Mark F. Lenzenweger
- Published
- 2022
50. Latent variable model of triarchic psychopathy constructs in an incarcerated offender sample: Factor reliability and validity
- Author
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Laura E. Drislane, Claudio Sica, Kelsey L. Lowman, Ilaria Colpizzi, Keanan J. Joyner, Gioia Bottesi, and Christopher J. Patrick
- Subjects
Male ,Prisoners ,assessment ,Reproducibility of Results ,latent variable model ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,Criminals ,psychopathy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,MMPI ,triarchic model ,Humans ,criminal offenders ,Female - Abstract
The triarchic model of psychopathy posits that three distinct trait dispositions-disinhibition, meanness, and boldness-contribute to the interpersonal, affective, and impulsive-unrestrained features of this condition and is represented to varying degrees in all conceptualizations and measures of psychopathy. Using data for incarcerated males (
- Published
- 2022
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