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Impairment evaluations not performed following processes defined in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) will result in erroneous ratings. Common errors in impairment rating (IR) for upper extremity are frequently seen in physician IR reports and independent medical examination reports. Recognizing these errors can result in the prevention and management of these ratings. Common errors include rating impairment using the diagnosis-based approach for more than one diagnosis within a region and making incorrect assessments of motion loss, nerve injuries, entrapment disorders, and complex regional pain syndrome.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of congruity and endorsement on consumer attitudes toward sports website advertisements (Aad), the advertising brand (Abr), and consumers’ future intentions (FI). Design/methodology/approach The current study followed a 2×3 between-subjects experimental design. Sports celebrity (or the presence or absence of a sports celebrity in a banner ad) and the level of congruity between the website and banner ad (high congruity – soccer, medium congruity – snowboard, and low congruity – computer) were the primary independent variables. Data were collected in two stages. An initial pilot study (n=40) established the reliability and validity of the scaled measures guiding this test. The second phase of data collection, the main study, was conducted over a five-day period. A random assignment of treatment conditions (i.e. exposure to one of six banner ad manipulations) was followed by a series of short surveys designed to measure the dependent variables of subjects’ cognitive ad responses (i.e. Aad, Abr, and FI). Findings The results indicated that participants who viewed the ad with the endorsement showed a more positive Aad than those who viewed the ad without it. The participants with a high congruity condition reported a more positive Abr and higher FI than those with low or medium congruity. Originality/value This study extends the application of congruity theory to banner advertisements, thereby aiding our understanding of consumers’ perceptions of advertising.

With global CO

This Case Exercise presents and critiques the case of a 52-year-old right hand dominant male who received a Qualified Medical Evaluation regarding his right wrist injury; the examination report includes several erroneous conclusions that are discussed following the case presentation: The examinee is a retail clerk at a liquor store who complained of progressive right hand pain and numbness in 2004; the examination took place in 2006, and the examiner reports an extensive list of relevant reports reviewed. Because the patient declines a carpal tunnel release procedure, the physician declares the patient to be at maximum medical improvement and uses tables in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, to rate 19% whole person impairment and to apportion 90% to work activities. Readers can pause at this point to evaluate the case and then compare their results with the analysis. The author notes that the report does not discuss activities of daily living and does not report in detail the results of physical testing. Nor does the written report correctly explain how the rating was performed, with a detailed discussion of the rating process with reference to specific criteria and to specific tables, figures, and page numbers. As written, the report provides inadequate information to grade sensory or motor deficits and suggests the use of subjective reports, not objective findings.