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1. Relationships between key functional traits of the waterlily Nuphar lutea and wetland nutrient content

Author

Charles P. Henriot, Quentin Cuenot, Lise-Hélène Levrey, Christophe Loup, Landry Chiarello, Hélène Masclaux, and Gudrun Bornette

Subjects
Nuphar, Macrophyte, Plant traits, Phenology, Wetlands, Eutrophication, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Little attention has been paid to how aquatic habitat characteristics affect the traits of plant species. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. is a keystone species distributed across temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia. Its apparently low phenotypic variability compared to other aquatic plants led us to test whether the species exhibited significant phenotypic variability and whether trait values correlated to environmental parameters. The hypotheses were that (1) the environmental variation within our set of wetlands (both water and sediment characteristics) led to significant variation among four sets of traits related respectively to growth, reproduction, defence and storage and (2) that nutrient limitation (nitrogen and especially phosphorus) should affect plant traits towards a higher investment in storage and defence and a lower investment in growth and reproduction, thereby negatively affecting the success of N. lutea. To test these hypotheses, 11 populations of N. lutea were sampled in wetlands differing in physicochemical characteristics and spread along three rivers. A total of 15 traits, grouped into four sets (growth, reproduction, storage and defence), were measured during the growing season. Most N. lutea traits were related to the environmental characteristics of wetlands. The growth and reproduction traits were mostly positively related to habitat resource conditions, whereas the defence traits were positively correlated with both ammonium concentration and temperature, outlining possible anoxic stress (habitat adversity). Nitrogen or phosphorus limitation led to the variation of only a few traits: the rhizome starch content was higher in phosphorus-limited wetlands, while the rhizome length and volume, and the number of flowers were higher in nitrogen-limited wetlands.

Published
2019
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2. Peatlands methane origin and fluxes to the atmosphere: towards an integrative conceptual model of a temperate French peatland

Author

Alexandre Lhosmot, Adrien Jacotot, Marc Steinmann, Laure Gandois, Philippe Binet, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Sébastien Gogo, Daniel Gilbert, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Sarah Coffinet, Anne Boetsch, Christophe Loup, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge, and Guillaume Bertrand

Abstract

Peatlands cover only 3 % of emerged lands, but their carbon stock represents about 30 % of the global soil organic carbon. Climate change and local anthropogenic disturbances deeply affect the hydrological functioning of peatlands. This may trigger carbon fluxes to surface waters and the atmosphere, thus leading to a positive feedback for global warming. It is therefore crucial to better estimate carbon fluxes between peatlands and the atmosphere and to delineate their major controlling constraints. To achieve this goal, we studied the functioning of a temperate mid-mountain peatland located in the French Jura Mountains, named the Frasne peatland.The methane (CH4) dynamics of the Frasne peatland appear to be constrained by a range of hydrological, physical, biogeochemical, and biotic factors. From a hydrological point of view, the system is fed by local rainwater and injection of carbonated groundwater at the bottom of the peatland, which provides a major input of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the system. Values of the δ13CDIC were high (even reaching positive values up to 8.1 ‰) compared to the expected values in a limestone and C3 plant-dominated area such as the Jura Mountains, supporting biotic CH4 production within the peatland. Consistently, high-frequency eddy-covariance monitoring during 2.5 years allowed us to show that the site acted as a source of CH4 to the atmosphere (23.9 ± 0.6 g C m-2 year-1) with interannual, seasonal, and diurnal time scale dynamics. In particular, we found an outstanding diurnal cycle for CH4 with the highest fluxes at night and lower ones at mid-day. In addition, the mid-day fluxes were negative in spring, highlighting larger oxidative processes than CH4 production attributed to photosynthesis activity (i.e., soil oxygen penetration and endosymbiotic methanotrophs of Sphagnum). The range of CH4 emissions was also controlled by the interannual variation in precipitation amounts and by the seasonal temperature variation.This conceptual production-emission model highlights that water-carbon interactions in the peatland depend on local biotic and abiotic factors but also on hydrological processes at the watershed scale. This also highlights the need to further constrain carbon transfers between the production and the emission zones (i.e., peatland-atmosphere interface and surface water exports). For this purpose, we will soon carry out a field campaign to measure the concentrations and isotopic values of dissolved gases in peat pore water along with an upstream downstream and a vertical gradient.

Published
2023
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3. Origin and fate of dissolved inorganic carbon in a karst groundwater fed peatland using δ13CDIC

Author

Alexandre Lhosmot, Marc Steinmann, Philippe Binet, Laure Gandois, Jean-Sébastien Moquet, Vanessa Stefani, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Anne Boetsch, Christophe Loup, Valentin Essert, Guillaume Bertrand, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bourgogne Franche-Comté Region (CRITICAL PEAT project, Acceuil de Nouvelle Equipe de Recherche Agreement n°2019-Y09069), and SNO Tourbières

Subjects
Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geology, Peatland Carbon-13 Jura Mountains, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; Continental hydrosystems and in particular peatlands play an important role in the carbon cycle of the Critical Zone (CZ). Peatlands are important sinks for organic carbon and have therefore been extensively studied. However, peatlands are not only important for the fate of organic carbon, but they also affect the cycle of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) of the peatland and the surrounding watershed. The fate of DIC is particularly complex in peatlands in limestone-dominated regions, because bicarbonate concentrations in surface and groundwater are high and the interaction between peatlands and surrounding hydrosystems are facilitated by the presence of highly permeable karst aquifers. In the present paper we study the origin and the fractionation of DIC in a peatland located on top of a karst aquifer. The study is based on hydrochemical and isotopic (δ13CDIC) data from samples recovered during 2 campaigns (low flow, high flow) at various depths within the Forbonnet peatland (Jura Mountains, eastern France), at the peatland outlet and at adjacent karst springs representing the underlying aquifer. In order to evaluate secondary fractionation processes, the measured δ13CDIC compositions were compared to modeled values considering the origin of DIC and potentially associated fractionation and speciation processes. The main results are: (1) DIC is lost at the bog surface by CO2 outgassing. (2) The δ13CDIC compositions of deep catotelm pore waters from the bog were much heavier than the modeled values. We relate this discrepancy to methanogenesis and show that this process is favored by reduced conditions at pH ~ 6 and a HCO3 − content of ~1 mmol/L, most probably due to punctual groundwater inflows at the base of the bog. Finally, contrasted δ13CDIC compositions between the bog and the fen of the peatland reveal an additional ecohydrological control on DIC speciation.

Published
2023
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5. Efficient removal of fluoride ions present in industrial effluents using metal-organic frameworks of UiO-66-NH2

Author

Dario Lacalamita, Guillaume Hoyez, Chiara Mongioví, Anne Ponchel, Nadia Morin-Crini, Cyril Rousseau, Christophe Loup, Jolanta Rousseau, Marina Raschetti, Eric Monflier, Vincent Placet, Grégorio Crini, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), UCCS Équipe Catalyse Supramoléculaire, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Waste Management and Disposal, Biotechnology
Abstract

In this last decade, numerous works have been published on the use of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for applications in adsorption field to remove contaminants from aqueous solutions. However, little is known about MOFs as adsorbents for the removal of fluoride ions from real effluents. In this work, a highly porous MOF, UiO-66-NH2, was used for the final treatment of complex discharge waters containing fluoride ions from a surface treatment plant. Batch experiments showed that MOF exhibited high adsorption capacities towards fluoride ions, leading to concentrations under current regulation values. 70–80 % of the fluoride was removed in 60 min using 100 mg of MOF in 50 mL of effluent without changing the industrial initial pH. At the same time, the treatment also completely eliminated traces of aluminium in the discharge water. All the results showed that adsorption onto a non-conventional material such as UiO-66-NH2 can be an interesting tertiary treatment step to remove more pollutant streams from multi-contaminated industrial discharge waters.

Published
2023
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6. Presentation and methodology of TRANSKARST project

Author

Cécile Miege, Julie Albaric, Christian Sue, Olivier Mathieu, Christophe Loup, Xavier Bertrand, Flavien Choulet, Arthur Boudon, Mathieu Thevenot, Philippe Le Coustumer, N. Crini, Marc Steinmann, Frédéric Huneau, Didier Hocquet, Philippe Amiotte-Suchet, Pierre Trap, Vanessa Stefani, and Hélène Celle-Jeanton

Subjects
Presentation, Multimedia, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, computer.software_genre, computer, media_common
Abstract

TRANSKARST is an interdisciplinary research project with scientists and regional water resource administrators. This 3 years project (2019-2022) is set up on Arcier's karstic watershed used for the drinking water supply of 60 000 inhabitants of Besançon, France. Using this instrumental basin, as a part of Jurassic Karst French observation system, the project aims at defining pathways of mineral, organic and microbiological contamination in karstic system.The methodology used in the project, combines field expertise with the implementation of analytical tools related to conventional - dissolved phase chemistry (major ions, miners, traces, organic carbon), isotopes (oxygen-18, deuterium, carbon-13) – and prospective analysis - emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and ETM, dissolved organic matter, suspended matter and microbiology (bacteria, fungal species) with a special focus on antibiotic resistance. The TRANSKARST project thus brings together a consortium of researchers from various disciplines: hydrogeology, chemistry, sedimentology, microbiology, geology and geophysic. The project is also highly associated to water managers as Arcier’s spring is used for drinking water supply.The three main under-objectives following by TRANSKARST could be summarized as follows. First, through geological and geophysical investigation, a conceptual and numerical geological model will be established under geomodeler and will be further used to constrain the pathways of karstic groundwater. The second point focus on the evaluation of karst media contamination: chemical (including emerging molecules) and microbiological. Then we expect to discriminate, by the use of ETM, dissolved, colloidal and particulate pathways of contamination. All the observations will be linked together to identify actions and feedback of different parameters and contaminants within karst hydrosystems.

Published
2020
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7. Priority substances and emerging pollutants in urban rivers in Ukraine: Occurrence, fluxes and loading to transboundary European Union watersheds

Author

Christophe Loup, Yuliya Vystavna, Dmytro Diadin, Frédéric Huneau, Marc Steinmann, Hélène Celle-Jeanton, N. Crini, and Zuzana Frkova

Subjects
Mass discharge, Diclofenac, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mass loading, Phenols, Rivers, Environmental protection, Per capita, Environmental Chemistry, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental quality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Water resources, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Ukraine, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The occurrence and fluxes of 18 priority substances and emerging pollutants listed in the European Union Water Framework Directive and a Watch List (trace metals (Cd, Pb and Ni), nonylphenols, octylphenols, 8 polyaromatic hydrocarbons, 4 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and diclofenac) were investigated in a Ukrainian city and the mass discharge loads of these compounds into EU-transboundary watersheds were estimated. Fluxes of chemicals were calculated per capita and per area of the Ukrainian urban territory and used to estimate mass loading of priority and emerging concern compounds from Lviv, Uzhorod and Chernivtsi (West Ukraine) to neighbouring EU-transboundary rivers. The highest loading was found for trace metals (1.15 t a−1), diclofenac (0.7 t a−1) and nonylphenols (0.4 t a−1). Transboundary water contamination must be considered in order to successfully manage water resources in a manner that fulfils the requirements of EU environmental quality standards.

Published
2018
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8. Occurrence and ecological determinants of the contamination of floodplain wetlands with Klebsiella pneumoniae and pathogenic or antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli

Author

Xavier Bertrand, Hélène Masclaux, Charles P. Henriot, Gudrun Bornette, Christophe Loup, Didier Hocquet, Daniel Martak, François Gillet, Quentin Cuenot, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Klebsiella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, river, Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, groundwater, Environmental Microbiology, bacteria, genes, pseudomonas-aeruginosa, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, public health, food and beverages, Contamination, 6. Clean water, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, antibiotic-resistance, hydrological connectivity, France, Research Article, 030106 microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, survival, Microbiology, wetlands, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Rivers, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, medicine, sewage, Humans, Ecosystem, ecological niche, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, bacterioplankton, pathogens, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, water treatment plants, phytoplankton, Bacteria
Abstract

The survival and multiplication of human pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ecosystems is of increasing concern but has been little explored. Wetlands can be contaminated by water fluxes from rivers and may present environmental conditions leading to bacterial survival and multiplication. To test this hypothesis, we sampled 16 wetlands located along three rivers of the Jura Massif, France. The bacterial contamination of the wetland and river waters was measured monthly over a one-year cycle together with the water physico-chemical characteristics. We assessed the abundance of three pathogenic species: Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniaeand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The concentrations of E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL E. coli) or belonging to the phylogenetic group B2 (E. coli B2–more pathogenic) were also measured. We found that rivers carried total E. coli, ESBL E. coli, and K. pneumoniae to wetlands. ESBL E. coli poorly survived in wetlands, whereas total E. coli and K. pneumoniae possibly met favourable physico-chemical conditions for survival and multiplication in these habitats. K. pneumoniae peaked in summer in warm and shallow wetlands. Total E. coli and E. coli B2 potentially reached wetlands through sources other than rivers (hillslope groundwater or leaching from contaminated fields)., Hydrological connectivity and ecological conditions may favour the dispersal and survival of human-associated bacteria in rivers and their floodplains.

Published
2019
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9. Relationships between key functional traits of the waterlily Nuphar lutea and wetland nutrient content

Author

Gudrun Bornette, Christophe Loup, Quentin Cuenot, Hélène Masclaux, Lise-Hélène Levrey, Landry Chiarello, Charles P. Henriot, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
leaf traits, 0106 biological sciences, aquatic plants, Conservation Biology, growth, lcsh:Medicine, Growing season, Wetland, Plant Science, Biology, Freshwater Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nuphar, floating leaves, l sm, Aquatic plant, species richness, Keystone species, Nuphar lutea, Plant traits, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Population Biology, sediment type, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, food and beverages, General Medicine, Eutrophication, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, nymphaea-alba l, Macrophyte, Phenology, pressurized ventilation, limitation, Wetlands, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Little attention has been paid to how aquatic habitat characteristics affect the traits of plant species. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. is a keystone species distributed across temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia. Its apparently low phenotypic variability compared to other aquatic plants led us to test whether the species exhibited significant phenotypic variability and whether trait values correlated to environmental parameters. The hypotheses were that (1) the environmental variation within our set of wetlands (both water and sediment characteristics) led to significant variation among four sets of traits related respectively to growth, reproduction, defence and storage and (2) that nutrient limitation (nitrogen and especially phosphorus) should affect plant traits towards a higher investment in storage and defence and a lower investment in growth and reproduction, thereby negatively affecting the success of N. lutea. To test these hypotheses, 11 populations of N. lutea were sampled in wetlands differing in physicochemical characteristics and spread along three rivers. A total of 15 traits, grouped into four sets (growth, reproduction, storage and defence), were measured during the growing season. Most N. lutea traits were related to the environmental characteristics of wetlands. The growth and reproduction traits were mostly positively related to habitat resource conditions, whereas the defence traits were positively correlated with both ammonium concentration and temperature, outlining possible anoxic stress (habitat adversity). Nitrogen or phosphorus limitation led to the variation of only a few traits: the rhizome starch content was higher in phosphorus-limited wetlands, while the rhizome length and volume, and the number of flowers were higher in nitrogen-limited wetlands.

Published
2019
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10. Ethylene dimerization into 1-butene using 2-pyridylphosphole nickel catalysts

Author

Christophe Loup, Katia Bernardo-Gusmão, Guilherme Alves Cunha, François Leca, Roberto F. de Souza, and Régis Réau

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Ethylene, Alkene, Inorganic chemistry, Cationic polymerization, chemistry.chemical_element, 1-Butene, Butene, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, Nickel, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Selectivity
Abstract

2-(2-Pyridyl)phospholes have been evaluated as ligands for the nickel-catalyzed oligomerization of ethylene. Under mild homogeneous reaction conditions, high catalytic activities (>15 cycles per second) were recorded. The selectivity depends on the ethylene pressure. At 41 bar, high C 4 fraction contents (until 97%) and high 1-butene selectivities (80% of the C 4 fraction) were reached. This behavior is interpreted as a consequence of the steric hindrance of the intermediate cationic 2-pyridylphosphole nickel hydrides.

Published
2004
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11. Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Trioxaquine Derivatives

Author

Françoise Benoit-Vical, Bernard Meunier, Anne Robert, Jean-François Magnaval, Anne Bonhoure, Henri Vial, Odile Dechy-Cabaret, Christophe Loup, Jean-Paul Séguéla, and Heinz Gornitzka

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Trioxane, Plasmodium falciparum, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug Resistance, Molecular Conformation, Parasitemia, Pharmacology, Catalysis, Aminoquinoline, Antimalarials, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oral administration, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Antimalarial Agent, Natural product, biology, Organic Chemistry, General Chemistry, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, In vitro, chemistry, Aminoquinolines, medicine.drug
Abstract

Trioxaquines are dual molecules that contain a trioxane motif linked to an aminoquinoline entity. Among the different compounds of this series, trioxaquine cis-15 (DU1302 c), prepared from alpha-terpinene, a cheap natural product, showed efficient antimalarial activity in vitro on both sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (IC(50)=5-19 nM). A stereochemical description of this stable, nontoxic, and non-genotoxic antimalarial agent is detailed. Mice infected with P. vinckei were successfully treated with cis-15 in a four-day suppressive test. The doses required to decrease parasitemia by 50 % (ED(50)) were 5 and 18 mg kg(-1) d(-1) after intraperitoneal and oral administration, respectively. Parasitemia clearance was complete without recrudescence at an intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg kg(-1) d(-1).

Published
2004
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12. Biphasic oligomerization of ethylene with nickel–1,2-diiminophosphorane complexes immobilized in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium organochloroaluminate

Author

François Leca, Roberto F. de Souza, Christophe Loup, Katia Bernardo-Gusmão, Régis Réau, and Luiz Fernando Trevisan Queiroz

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Ethylene, Coordination sphere, Alkene, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Homogeneous catalysis, Catalysis, Nickel, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Ionic liquid, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Selectivity
Abstract

Nickel(II)–diiminophosphorane complexes combined with alkylaluminum co-catalysts are active for the oligomerization of ethylene under biphasic reaction conditions. As observed in homogeneous phase, the selectivity (dimers vs higher oligomers) is related to the nature of the diiminophosphorane ligands. In 1- n -butyl-3-methylimidazolium organoaluminate ionic liquids, an enhancement of the catalytic activity and convergence of the selectivity are observed upon repeating cycles. These data suggest that organoaluminate anions replace the diiminophosphorane ligands in the coordination sphere of the active nickel species.

Published
2003
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13. Preparation of Water-Soluble Cationic Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers as DNA Transfecting Agents

Author

Anne-Marie Caminade, Christophe Loup, Maria-Antonietta Zanta, Jean-Pierre Majoral, and Bernard Meunier

Subjects
Chemistry, Phosphorus containing, Organic Chemistry, Cationic polymerization, Protonation, General Chemistry, Transfection, Combinatorial chemistry, Catalysis, 3T3 cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Water soluble, Dendrimer, medicine, Organic chemistry, DNA
Abstract

P-dendrimers appear to be excellent candidates as transfecting agents after positively charged functions are grafted at their periphery. Five different generations of protonated dendrimers (1-[G1] to 1-[G5]) and the corresponding methylated series (2-[G1] to 2-[G5]) (two examples are shown here) have been examined as transfecting agents of the luciferase gene within 3T3 cells.

Published
1999
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14. Trioxaquines and Heme-Artemisinin Adducts Inhibit the In Vitro Formation of Hemozoin Better than Chloroquine

Author

Françoise Benoit-Vical, Bernard Meunier, Joël Lelièvre, and Christophe Loup

Subjects
Hemeproteins, Plasmodium, Artemisinins, Alkylation, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Heme, Dioxanes, Antimalarials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chloroquine, parasitic diseases, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Antimalarial Agent, Artemisinin, Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Hemozoin, In vitro, Infectious Diseases, Biochemistry, Sesquiterpenes, medicine.drug
Abstract

Trioxaquines, potential antimalarial agents, and heme-artemisinin adducts, resulting from the alkylation of heme by artemisinin, were evaluated as inhibitors of β-hematin formation in 10 M acetate medium at pH 5.

Published
2007
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15. Influence of the Nature of the Porphyrin Ligand on the Nuclease Activity of Metalloporphyrin-Oligonucleotide Conjugates Designed with Cationic, Hydrophobic or Anionic Metalloporphyrins

Author

Marguerite Pitié, Christophe Loup, Béatrice Mestre, Bernard Meunier, Geneviève Pratviel, and Catherine Claparols

Subjects
Anions, Nuclease, Deoxyribonucleases, Porphyrins, Metalloporphyrins, Ligand, Oligonucleotide, Oligonucleotides, Cationic polymerization, DNA, Single-Stranded, Biology, Ligands, Porphyrin, Combinatorial chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, Covalent bond, Cations, Genetics, biology.protein, DNA, Research Article, Conjugate
Abstract

The synthesis of metalloporphyrin-oligonucleotide conjugates with different metalloporphyrin moieties are described as well as the comparison of their in vitro nuclease efficiency toward a single-stranded DNA target. Between cationic, anionic and hydrophobic manganese porphyrins covalently linked to the oligonucleotide, the best nuclease activity was obtained with the cationic ones, suggesting that the affinity of the cleaver to the DNA target is a key factor.

Published
1997
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16. Original detection methods for tephra layers and cryptotephras

Author

Christophe Loup, Gwénolé Jouannic, Gilles Bossuet, Anne-Lise Develle, Eric Delabrousse, Anne-Véronique Walter-Simonnet, Walter-Simonnet, Anne-Véronique, Rocha R., Pais J ., Kullberg J.C., Finney S., Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement ( GRESE ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Rocha R., Pais J ., Kullberg J.C., and Finney S.

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sediment, Mineralogy, Sampling (statistics), [ SDU.STU.VO ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Volcanic glass, Sedimentary structures, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Magma, [SDU.STU.VO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Sedimentary rock, Tephra, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The building of independent and accurate chronologies is crucial to correlate environmental and climatic changes as reflected in biotic as well as abiotic signals from continental lacustrine sediments. The use of tephras, which are instantaneous and synchronous atmospheric deposits, as time-parallel markers, allows independent, high-precision regional and inter-regional correlations to be established. The development of effective, rapid methods to detect tephra layers in sedimentary records of various compositions is a challenge. Many traditional methods for the detection of tephra layers, such as regular sampling or magnetic susceptibility measurements, have shown their limits. Regular sampling takes a long time, and finding tephra layers is an uncertain process. Moreover, magnetic susceptibility is ineffective when tephra layers are composed of volcanic glass shards of differentiated magma composition. This study proposes three original methods to detect tephra layers: XRF, CT imaging, and quantitative sulphur analysis. XRF enables tephra layer composition elements and sediment to be differentiated. CT imaging may be used to observe 3D sedimentary structures. Sulphur analysis allows the environmental impact of degassing in volcanic eruptions to be examined. These methods can be used successfully to detect tephra layers of various chemical compositions in both peaty and carbonated deposits.

Published
2013

18. Photolysis and thermolysis of platinum(IV) 2,2'-bipyridine complexes lead to identical platinum(II)-DNA adducts

Author

Ana Tesouro Vallina, Yasuo Nakabayashi, Christophe Loup, Geneviève Pratviel, Bernard Meunier, Bernhard Lippert, Ulla Létinois, and Yannick Coppel

Subjects
Organoplatinum Compounds, Guanine, chemistry.chemical_element, Photochemistry, Medicinal chemistry, Catalysis, 2,2'-Bipyridine, Reductive elimination, Adduct, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bipyridine, DNA Adducts, 2,2'-Dipyridyl, Animals, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Photolysis, Base Sequence, Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Ligand, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases, Organic Chemistry, Photodissociation, Temperature, General Chemistry, Platinum, Snake Venoms
Abstract

Two Pt(IV) and two Pt(II) complexes containing a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand were treated with a short DNA oligonucleotide under light irradiation at 37°C or in the dark at 37 and 50°C. Photolysis and thermolysis of the Pt(IV) complexes led to spontaneous reduction of the Pt(IV) to the corresponding Pt(II) complexes and to binding of Pt(II) 2,2'-bipyridine complexes to N7 of guanine. When the reduction product was [Pt(bpy)Cl(2)], formation of bis-oligonucleotide adducts was observed, whereas [Pt(bpy)(MeNH(2))Cl](+) gave monoadducts, with chloride ligands substituted in both cases. Neither in the dark nor under light irradiation was the reductive elimination process of these Pt(IV) complexes accompanied by oxidative DNA damage. This work raises the question of the stability of photoactivatable Pt(IV) complexes toward moderate heating conditions.

Published
2010

19. Trioxaquines are new antimalarial agents active on all erythrocytic forms, including gametocytes

Author

Françoise Benoit-Vical, Odile Dechy-Cabaret, Jean-François Magnaval, Caroline Deymier, Anne Robert, Bernard Meunier, Christophe Loup, Antoine Berry, Joël Lelièvre, and Jérôme Cazelles

Subjects
Drug, Erythrocytes, media_common.quotation_subject, Plasmodium falciparum, Aminoquinoline, Antimalarials, Mice, Chloroquine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Gametocyte, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Antimalarial Agent, Artemisinin, Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects, media_common, Pharmacology, biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Aminoquinolines, Malaria, medicine.drug
Abstract

Malaria is the third most significant cause of infectious disease in the world. The search for new antimalarial chemotherapy has become increasingly urgent due to parasite resistance to classical drugs. Trioxaquines are synthetic hybrid molecules containing a trioxane motif (which is responsible for the antimalarial activity of artemisinin) linked to an aminoquinoline entity (which is responsible for the antiplasmodial properties of chloroquine). These trioxaquines are highly potent against young erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and exhibit efficient activity in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of P. falciparum (50% inhibitory concentration, 4 to 32 nM) and are also active in vivo against P. vinckei petteri and P. yoelii nigeriensis in suppressive and curative murine tests. The trioxaquine DU1302 is one of these promising antimalarial agents. The present study confirms the absence of toxicity of this drug on cell lines and in a mice model. Moreover, DU1302 exhibits potent activity against gametocytes, the form transmitted by mosquitoes, as killing of the gametocytes is essential to limit the spread of malaria. The ease of chemical synthesis of this trioxaquine prototype should be considered an additional advantage and would make these drugs affordable without perturbations of the drug supply.

Published
2007

20. Synthesis of New Macrocyclic Chiral Manganese(III) Schiff Bases as Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation

Author

Christophe Loup, Bernard Meunier, Catherine Hemmert, Alexandre Souto Martinez, and Guillaume Barré

Subjects
Macrocyclic Compounds, Imine, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, Catalysis, Structure-Activity Relationship, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymer chemistry, Organic chemistry, Moiety, Enantiomeric excess, Efficient catalyst, Schiff Bases, Diimine, Schiff base, Organic Chemistry, Enantioselective synthesis, Stereoisomerism, General Medicine, Ethylenediamines, Cross-Linking Reagents, chemistry, Cyclization, Epoxy Compounds, Imines, Enantiomer, Linker
Abstract

We describe a general synthetic strategy for the preparation of a series of macrocyclic chiral manganese(III) salen complexes. The developed reaction pathway allows the modulation of the different key groups, namely, the chiral diimine, the bulky substituents in positions 3 and 3', and the linker used in the macrocyclization of the Schiff base. The different complexes presented here illustrate these readily available structural variations. The catalytic properties of the catalysts (5 mol %) were improved for the asymmetric epoxidation of 2,2'-dimethylchromene with NaOCl or H2O2 as oxygen atom donor. A large range of enantiomeric excesses was obtained (ee values from 30% to 96%), depending on the features and the stability of the complexes. The most efficient catalyst, in terms of stereoinduction (ee value = 96%), contains a diiminocyclohexyl moiety, ethyl groups in positions 3 and 3', and a short polyether junction arm.

Published
2006
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21. Heme alkylation by artesunic acid and trioxaquine DU1301, two antimalarial trioxanes

Author

Sophie Laurent, Sophie Mourgues, Anne Robert, Christophe Loup, and Bernard Meunier

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Trioxane, Alkylation, Stereochemistry, Heme, Biochemistry, Peroxide, Adduct, chemistry.chemical_compound, Antimalarials, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Artemisinin, Molecular Biology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, biology, Molecular Structure, Organic Chemistry, Biological activity, Plasmodium falciparum, Succinates, biology.organism_classification, Artemisinins, chemistry, Molecular Medicine, Sesquiterpenes, medicine.drug
Abstract

The sesquiterpene Artemisinin, an antimalarial drug that is effective against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains, contains a 1,2,4-trioxane, and the endoperoxide function plays a key role in its biological activity. However, its poor solubility means that hemisynthetic derivatives, such as artesunic acid, are preferred for drugs. The reductive activation of the peroxide function of artemisinin by iron(II)-heme produces heme derivatives that are alkylated at meso positions by a C-centered radical derived from artemisinin. We checked if the alkylating ability of trioxane-based drugs toward heme, which might be related to its parasiticidal activity, is a general feature by comparing the chemical reactivity toward heme of the clinically relevant derivative artesunic acid and DU1301, a drug of the trioxaquine family, that is active against P. falciparum. Both artesunic acid and trioxaquine DU1301 efficiently alkylated the heme macrocycle after activation of their peroxide function by the iron(II) of heme itself and thus gave rise to covalently coupled heme–drug products. This heme–drug adduct formation might be related to the high antimalarial activity of DU1301.

Published
2005

22. Organophosphorus Dendrimers as New Gelators for Hydrogels

Author

Christelle Marmillon, Anne-Marie Caminade, Jean-Pierre Vors, Elmar Rump, Jean-Pierre Majoral, Fabienne Gauffre, Christophe Loup, and Tadek Gulik-Krzywicki

Subjects
Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Stacking, Supramolecular chemistry, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Catalysis, symbols.namesake, Dendrimer, Polymer chemistry, Self-healing hydrogels, symbols, Molecule, van der Waals force, Macromolecule
Abstract

They can be considered as compositematerials made of a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecularnetwork imprisoning a large quantity of liquid. The drivingforce for the formation of gels can be van der Waals, hydro-phobic, fluorophobic, p–p stacking, dipole–dipole, weakcoordination interactions, or hydrogen bonds. A number ofsmall molecules are able to form gels such as steroids, fattyacids, copper chelates, fluorinated alkanes, peptides, cyclicdipsipeptides, anthracene derivatives, amino pyridines, calix-arenes. More sophisticated macromolecules such as bisarbor-ols (bidirectional molecules with a lipophilic central chainsubstituted on the end with polyalcohol groups) were found toact also as gelators in water

Published
2001

23. Improvement of porphyrin cellular delivery and activity by conjugation to a carrier peptide

Author

Christophe Loup, Mariana Marin, Frédéric Heitz, Pascal Bigey, Marc Piechaczyk, Nathalie Galéotti, Bernard Meunier, Laurent Chaloin, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Cell Membrane Permeability, Metalloporphyrins, Molecular Sequence Data, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioengineering, Peptide, Antineoplastic Agents, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Substrate Specificity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Surface-Active Agents, Cleave, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Amino Acid Sequence, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nuclease, Drug Carriers, Binding Sites, Deoxyribonucleases, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, DNA, Neoplasm, Porphyrin, In vitro, 0104 chemical sciences, nuclear-localization sequence gene-transfer synthetic peptides mammalian-cells signal peptide DNA cleavers in-vitro cyclin-a cleavage efficient, chemistry, biology.protein, Biophysics, Drug carrier, Peptides, DNA, Cell Division, Biotechnology, Conjugate
Abstract

The chemical nuclease metalloporphyrin (manganese(III) porphyrin) can cleave DNA irreversibly and can thus constitute a potential antitumor drug. However, these molecules show low permeability to cell surface membranes. We report here the conjugation of an amphipathic carrier peptide to improve considerably its cellular delivery. The metalloporphyrin-peptide conjugate can be internalized by cells within only 5 min of incubation with a yield as high as 80%. Furthermore, the metalloporphyrin-peptide conjugate is able to cleave in vitro high or low molecular weight DNA to the same extend as metalloporphyrin alone without affecting the sequence-specific cleaving activity of the porphyrin. The conjugate is 100-fold more efficient at inducing tumor cells death than the free metalloporphyrin via a mechanism involving genomic DNA cleavage. The results are promising for further therapeutic applications with antitumor drugs such as metalloporphyrin, and also with other existing drugs by using a carrier peptide system in order to improve the cellular uptake of such molecules.

Published
2001
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25. SNO KARST: A French Network of Observatories for the Multidisciplinary Study of Critical Zone Processes in Karst Watersheds and Aquifers

Author

Séverin Pistre, Alexis Gutierrez, Pascal Brunet, Hervé Jourde, Thierry Camboulive, Marina Gillon, X. Wang, J.F. Boyer, Johan Jouves, Christophe Emblanch, Bernard Ladouche, Stéphane Binet, Nicolas Lecoq, Anne Probst, Catherine Bertrand, P. Marchand, Vincent Guinot, M. Aliouache, L. Dal Soglio, L. Perotin, Vincent Bailly-Comte, Nicolas Peyraube, D. Valdes-Lao, Véronique Léonardi, Nevila Jozja, Sophie Denimal, N. Houillon, N. Chen, V. Plagnes, Hélène Celle-Jeanton, Naomi Mazzilli, V. Stefani, Marc Steinmann, Jérôme Perrin, Abderrahim Jardani, Jean-Luc Seidel, Simon Damien Carrière, C. Défargue, V. de Montety, Sophie Viseur, R. Muller, V. Clauzon, Matthieu Fournier, Christelle Batiot-Guilhe, Nicolas Massei, Anne Johannet, L. Hidalgo Sanchez, Roland Simler, Milanka Babic, Christophe Loup, J.P. Bricquet, Bruno Arfib, David Labat, Roland Lastennet, Jean-Luc Probst, F. Hernandez, Cybèle Cholet, Jean-Christophe Maréchal, Konstantinos Chalikakis, Charles Danquigny, G. Lorette, Chloé Ollivier, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, M.A. Petre, Marina Héry, Vianney Sivelle, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service National d'Observation sur le KARST (SNO Karst), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Avignon Université (AU), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), GET (GET), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Littoral, Environnement : Méthodes et Outils Numériques (LEMON), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université d'Orléans (UO), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environment: MOdels and Numerics (LEMON), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil cover, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Multidisciplinary study, Soil Science, Aquifer, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, dynamique spatiotemporelle, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, eau de surface, lcsh:GE1-350, changement climatique, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Hydrogeology, hydrosystème, lcsh:QE1-996.5, caractérisation de structures géologiques, Critical zone, karst, 15. Life on land, Karst, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, bassin versant, 6. Clean water, eau souterraine, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, karst aquifers, Research questions, Groundwater resources, Water resource management
Abstract

(IF 3.63; Q1); International audience; Karstaquifers and watersheds represent a major source of drinking water around the world. They are also known as complex and often highly vulnerable hydrosystems due to strong surface-groundwater interactions. Improving the understanding of karst functioning is thus a major issue for the efficient management of karst groundwater resources. A comprehensive understanding of the various processes can be achieved only by studying karst systems across a wide range of spatiotemporal scales under different geological, geomorphological, climatic, and soil cover settings. The objective of the French Karst National Observatory Service (SNO KARST) is to supply the international scientific community with appropriate data and tools, with the ambition of (i) facilitating the collection of long-term observations of hydrogeochemical variables in karst, and (ii) promoting knowledge sharing and developing cross-disciplinary research on karst. This paper provides an overview of the monitoring sites and collective achievements, such as the KarstMod modular modeling platform and the PaPRIKa toolbox, of SNO KARST. It also presents the research questions addressed within the framework of this network, along with major research results regarding (i) the hydrological response of karst to climate and anthropogenic changes, (ii) the influence of karst on geochemical balance of watersheds in the critical zone, and (iii) the relationships between the structure and hydrological functioning of karst aquifers and watersheds.

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