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International audience; Our digital age is characterized by both a generalized access to data and an increased call for participation of the public and other stakeholders and communities in policy design and decision-making. This context raises new challenges for political decision-makers and analysts in providing these actors with new means and moral duties for decision support, including in the area of environmental policy. The concept of “policy analytics” was introduced in 2013 as an attempt to develop a framework, tools, and methods to address these challenges. This conceptual initiative prompted numerous research teams to develop empirical applications of this framework and to reflect on their own decision-support practice at the science-policy interface in various environmental domains around the world. During a workshop in Paris in 2018, participants shared and discussed their experiences of these applications and practices. In this paper, we present and analyze a set of applications to identify a series of key properties that underpin a policy analytics approach, in order to provide the conceptual foundation for policy analytics to address current policy design and decision-making challenges. The induced properties are demand-orientedness, performativity, normative transparency, and data meaningfulness. We show how these properties materialized through these six case studies, and we explain why we consider them key to effective policy analytics applications, particularly in environmental policy design and decision-making on environmental issues. This clarification of the policy analytics concept eventually enables us to highlight research frontiers to further improve the concept.

Thales SRA (Surface Radars) has launched the development of a new early warning radar family dedicated to the early detection of ballistic missiles (primary mission) and air breathing targets/space objects (secondary missions).The radar is named GAX000 (Ground Alerter) and is available in 3 different versions GA1000, GA3000, GA5000.This publication focuses on the key technical choices in the design of the radar. It first explains the rationale for the development of such a radar and then it describes the Thales experience in low frequency Early Warning Radars. In continuation, this publication describes the key features of the radar, presents the design choices driven by customer operational requirements and by performance requirements.

International audience; Several studies attempt to explain how collaborative environmental governance processes operate, but the question of why collaboration relationships form has received much less attention. Motivated by this need, this paper provides insights to the broad question: why does collaborative river basin management in France depend so heavily on partnerships made up around few actors? Accordingly, our analytical framework develops a transaction cost explanation for the extent to which participatory procedure help stakeholders identify partners and initiate collaboration, and for the causal link between the attributes of these stakeholders and their partnerships. The p2 model is implemented to investigate partnership networks of the key actors that govern the management of the Gironde estuary, the study case. The results give evidence that environmental institutions bring together heterogeneous actors who might not be ready for collaboration, thereby actors' perceived power similarity; their geographical proximity and co-presence in formal fora limit transaction costs.

The aim of this study is to achieve an understanding of the collective management of wetlands by landowner associations, in order to reflect on their role and position within the new wetland resource governance system, initiated by the recent institutional reform in France. Proposals from self-governance institutions for natural resource management and social capital studies inform the analytical framework. Two survey phases among the chairs and members of associations that currently manage the riparian marshes of the Gironde estuary are the basis for an empirical study. The results reveal that half of the landowners sampled will default. However, neighbourhood and community-based social capital as well as the close involvement of the chairs of the associations are the key elements of the collective management of water-level and wetland resources. We then argue that informal and flexible collaboration between small associations should be the governance mode for the collaborative management of wetlands. Keywords: social capital, social network, integrated wetland management, environmental governance

L’article propose une analyse de la gouvernance territoriale des espaces ecologiquement remarquables, en s’appuyant pour l’analyse empirique sur le cas des communes bordant l’estuaire de la Gironde. L’article offre dans un premier temps les jalons theoriques de cette analyse, et notamment de la necessite et des limites des dispositifs dedies aux enjeux environnementaux comme outil de coordination collective a l’echelle territoriale. L’approche structurale des analyses en termes de reseaux sociaux est alors proposee comme strategie d’investigation empirique. Elle consiste dans un premier temps a identifier et a analyser la composition des acteurs convoques et participants dans les differents dispositifs. Cette composition est comparee par la suite avec une liste de noms obtenue a partir d’une enquete d’identification ad hoc des acteurs incontournables des enjeux estuariens. La reconstitution des relations de collaboration au travers de la meme enquete et l’analyse de ces relations en termes de reseaux sociaux permet par la suite l’identification des acteurs-cles de l’action collective territoriale autour des amenites et d’esquisser les traits caracteristiques du fonctionnement de ce reseau d’acteurs.

International audience; Environmental amenities are sources of enjoyment and attractiveness for tourists and visitors of a territory whose specifity is related to quality natural resources. However, since access to these amenities is free (public goods, neither rival nor excludable), their economic enhancement is not straightforward because specific conditions have to be met. Using analyses carried out in three French regions (Aquitaine, Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes), this article shows that effective enhancement of an amenity potential for rural development purposes requires several conditions related to both site quality and stakeholder strategies. In particular, the identity of the territory must be clear and tied to valued environmental amenities and also that there be a proven link between these amenities packages and the quality of goods and services available on these territories due to the support of and proper coordination between public and private stakeholders.; Les aménités environnementales sont une source d'agrément et d'attraction pour les touristes et les visiteurs d'un territoire dont la spécificité est liée à des ressources naturelles de qualité. Mais comme l'accès à ces aménités est gratuit (bien publics, ni rivaux, ni exclusifs), leur valorisation économique n'est pas acquise a priori, car elle suppose que soient réunies des conditions précises.À partir d'analyses conjointes réalisées en France dans trois régions (Aquitaine, Auvergne et Rhône-Alpes), cet article montre que la valorisation effective d'un potentiel d'aménités pour le développement des territoires ruraux implique un certain nombre de conditions liées à la fois aux qualités des sites et aux stratégies d'acteurs. Il faut notamment que l'identité du territoire soit claire et liée à des aménités environnementales appréciées et qu'il y ait aussi un lien avéré entre l'attractivité de ces bouquets d'aménités et la qualité des produits et services de qualité offerts sur ces territoires grâce à l'appui et à une bonne coordination entre les acteurs publics et privés.

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM [Axe_IRSTEA]DTAM-QT2-ADAPTATION; National audience; Ce chapitre analyse les concepts et méthodes qui fondent la prise de décision des acteurs privés et publics face aux impacts du changement climatique dans un contexte d'incertitude.

Cet article propose un cadre d'analyse microéconomique de la dynamique territoriale à travers la compréhension des processus de coordination des acteurs locaux. Autant l'approche néo-institutionnaliste que la sociologie économique ont rétabli la place des structures sociales comme ressource et contrainte pour l'action individuelle. Mais, c'est l'entrée par la formation stratégique des liens proposée par l'économie des réseaux qui permet d'appréhender simultanément les dilemmes sociaux de l'action collective, l'évolution des structures globales des relations et le choix décentralisé des actions. Les exigences de la mise en oeuvre empirique d'un tel cadre constituent sa principale limite. Son application au contexte spécifique de l'action publique territoriale dans les espaces ruraux, telle qu'elle est présentée dans cet article, permet de renouveler les questions de recherche, quant à la relation entre dispositifs formels - type Parc naturel régional- et réseaux d'acteurs locaux. / This paper provides a microeconomic framework of territorial dynamics through the comprehension of the processes of coordination between local actors. Neo-institutional economics as well as economic sociology approaches restore the role of social structures as constraint and resource for individual action. By dealing specifically with the strategic formation of social links, network economics allows to bear simultaneously social dilemmas in collective action, global social structure and individual choices of action. The empirical implementation of such a framework is demanding, and thus constitutes its main limit. However, its application to the specific context of public territorial action in rural areas, as addressed in this paper, confirms its attractiveness for the renewal of research questions in territorial governance, as for the relation between formal deviceslike regional natural park in France- and local actor networks.

L'intérêt pour cette synthèse s'est développé en réponse au constat partagé avec les acteurs de la société d'un besoin de bilan des connaissances. Ce document est le fruit d'une démarche pluridisciplinaire des « Sciences du milieu» et des « Sciences humaines et sociales». Cet ouvrage de synthèse des connaissances s'inscrivant dans une démarche globale de partage des connaissances (et des interrogations), nous espérons qu'il permettra d'identifier de nouvelles réponses, mais aussi des lacunes, qui conduiront à des développements ultérieurs tant du point de vue de la recherche que de la gestion.